1093:
1354:
events out of the insured policyholder's control. When the policyholder collects a payout, they are not a winner, but a loser who at least has some compensation. Furthermore, while insurance involves uncertainty, "statistical techniques and actuarial sciences have progressed to a stage where the insurance company can calculate its risks and benefits with great precision," so that the uncertainty involved in insurance can scarcely be called excessive in normal circumstances.
1585:) laid the foundation of mutual insurance. "In the case of insurance, as with commercial banks, orthodox opinion prevailed," and with "a consensus among Muslim scholars" about the legitimacy of takaful and the illegitimacy of conventional insurance, the "movement for Islamizing the contemporary insurance business" started around the mid-1970s. In 1976, a fatwa was issued by the Higher Council of Saudi Arabia "in favor of an Islamic model" of insurance. The
4939:
1602:, a non-Muslim US-based company (with more than 88 million customers in 130 countries), established a takaful subsidiary called AIG Takaful Enaya, headquartered in Bahrain. As of 2013 the leading takaful countries are "Malaysia and the Gulf states". It was reported in 2016 that out of total 308 takaful companies, 93 are takaful windows; however, these takaful windows own only 2.5% of the total takaful assets.
1318:
Regarding life insurance, everyone dies, but what if the death occurs after the first payment of a premium for life insurance? they win and the insurance company loses.) This "makes the insurance business similar to gambling, where the gambler does not know the fate of the game". Thus, uncertainty in the conventional insurance business "is excessive and borders on prohibited gharar".
4928:
1713:
has been fulfilled. It is imperative, therefore, for a takaful operator to maintain adequate assets of the defined funds under its care whilst striving prudently to ensure the funds are sufficiently protected against over-exposure. Therefore, the provision of insurance coverage is in conformity with
Shariah based on the Islamic principles of
57:
1195:
In 2018, the takaful industry had grown to a size of $ 27.7 billion of "contributions" (from a 2011 figure of $ 12 billion). The movement has been praised as providing "superior alternatives" to insurance that "reinvigorate human capital, emphasize personal dignity, community self-help, and economic
1795:
ISLAMIC INSURANCE THEORY and PRACTICE states: `All legal evidence permits
Cooperative Insurance, as God says in the Holy Quran, "Cooperate for good and pious deeds and do not cooperate to do evil and aggression."` But does not specifically cite . Shakir translates part of as "and help one another
1712:
enables participants to perform their deeds in assisting fellow participants who might suffer a loss or damage due to a catastrophe or disaster. The sharing of profit (or surplus) that may emerge from the operations of a takaful is made only after the obligation of assisting the fellow participants
1353:
A minority of
Islamic scholars argue that insurance is not like gambling because in gambling, no risk is covered and no damage is mitigated. The gamblers play a game of chance for entertainment and profit in which they can win or lose, based on a conscious decision. Insurance provides coverage for
1345:, Muhammad Mustafa as-Sinqithi, Salaah al-Saawi, Abdullah al-Muslih, Sulaiman Thunayaan, Ali Abu al-Basl, Abdur Rawf al-Shaadhili, Faisal Maulawi, Mohammad Muslehuddin, Afzalur Rahman, and numerous other respected scholars and jurists were unanimously agree that commercial insurance were forbidden.
1769:
According to Rakaan Kayali, the fact that benefits for the takaful members are distributed as funds allow, rather than defined by the policy, may lead to conflict among members—if, for example, one member's claim uses up takaful funds so that another member with an equally valid claim a short time
1317:
The uncertainty "if and when the insured event will take place and, if it does take place, what would be the relationship of compensation to the insurance premium paid". (What if the holder of collision insurance policy never has a motor vehicle accident? they lose and the insurance company wins.
1597:
The industry grew from $ 1.384 billion in 2004 to $ 5.318 billion in 2008. By the end of 2011, total takaful contributions amounted to $ 12 billion (as compared to $ 4 trillion for conventional insurance). In 2005, there were 82 companies around the world engaged in takaful business (77 dedicated
1740:
One complaint made against (most) takaful (by
Muhammad Akram Khan) is that despite the talk of solidarity, (most) takaful-holders "do not have any 'voice'" in the management of the takaful. The "TO (takaful operator) makes all the crucial decisions, such as rate of premium, risk strategy, asset
1773:
Additionally, there has been doubt cast on the legitimacy of claiming that takaful participants are making "donations". This is because the word "donations" implies giving with no expectation of worldly return. This is clearly not the case with takaful participants who are seeking insurance.
1731:
contract between the provider or providers of funds for a business venture and the entrepreneur who actually conducts the business. The operation of a takaful may thus be envisaged as the profit-sharing business venture between the takaful operator and the individual members of a group of
1204:
Theoretically, takaful is perceived as cooperative or mutual insurance, where members contribute a certain sum of money to a common pool. The purpose of this system is not profits, but to uphold the principle of "bear ye one another's burden". The principles of takaful are as follows:
1749:
that permitted insurance as "cooperative insurance, built on the principles of voluntary contribution (tabarru') and mutual cooperation". An exception to this state of affairs can be found in Sudan, where the takaful-holders have more say in the management of the takaful business.
1185:
Under takaful, people and companies concerned about hazards make regular contributions ("donations") to be reimbursed or repaid to members in the event of loss, and managed on their behalf by a takaful operator. Like other
Islamic finance products, Takaful is grounded in Islamic
1462:
The concept of takaful has reportedly been practised in various forms since 622 CE. The first practitioner of
Takaful were known as Zubayr ibn al-Awwam, companion of the prophet, as this practice were allowed according to classical scholar consensus, such as Ibn Taymiyyah in his
1705:) a certain proportion of his takaful installments (or contributions) that he agrees or undertakes to pay, should any of his fellow participants suffer a defined loss. This agreement enables him to fulfill his obligation of mutual help and joint guarantee.
1593:
also approved takaful as a legitimate form of business in 1985. The
Islamic Insurance Company of Sudan started as the first takaful company in 1979. By the mid-1990s, there were seven takaful companies in Sudan, Dubai, Saudi Arabia, Bahrain and Jordan.
1479:, such as Dr Erwandi Tarmizi. Additionally, Modern researchers of Islamic banking, and Islamic financing theorists, has delved the business aspect of Zubayr during his lifetime as rolemodel. One of the principles of az-Zubayr business were the
1598:
takaful companies, and five "offering takaful products" from "Islamic windows"). By 2006, there were 133. As with the traditional forms of insurance, reinsurance of a takaful operation may be used, known as "retakaful". Also in 2006,
1741:
management and allocation of surpluses and profits". The shareholders of the TO, and "not the takaful-holders, appoint and dismiss managers of the takaful". Similarly, Mahmud El-Gamal complains that "even companies that use the term
1898:
1561:, that the deposit center were named after Zubayr ibn al-Awwam. Meanwhile, modern day Pakistani Islamic business theorist, Zubair Mughal, has further observed the model of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam practice of Tafakul to avoid the
1228:
Muslims scholar have "hardly any difference of opinion" on "the need for managing, redeeming and mitigating general, business and life risks covered by the insurance business". But whether conventional insurance is forbidden
1415:: The place of relationships and feelings of people with faith, between each other, is just like the body; when one of its parts is afflicted with pain, then the rest of the body will be affected. (Narratives by Imam al-
2829:
2024:
2194:
1693:
between the participants (as providers of capital) and the takaful operator. The sharing of such profit may be in a ratio of 50:50, 60:40, 70:30 and so forth, as mutually agreed between the contracting parties.
1765:
does not change the reality. We can make insurance a not-for-profit activity (provided we can ensure efficient management), but it does not change the essential nature of what is being done."
1321:"Insurance companies invest surplus funds on the basis of interest and pay out a part of such earnings to policyholders as bonuses." According to the 'orthodox interpretation', this is riba.
1454:
The fundamentals underlying takaful are very similar to co-operative and mutual principles, to the extent that the co-operative and mutual model is one that is accepted under
Islamic law.
1908:
1656:
takaful and conventional insurance is the same, and as a consequence this structure "has come under a lot of criticism from Shari'ah scholars". Mainly used in
Pakistan and South Africa.
4688:
4570:
3938:
3204:
4555:
2848:
2043:
1956:
5754:
5977:
4654:
5769:
5034:
1467:. In practice, Takaful were regarded as technically as zero interests banking with fundraising business model. In the eyes of scholars and researchers, al-Zubair
1196:
self-development"; but also criticized as having "dwindled" in scope to an industry of "conventional insurance with Arabic terminology and language of contract".
987:
5014:
1986:
5764:
4585:
2629:
1627:), i.e. premiums, are accumulated into a fund to meet members' losses. Members are not allowed to take back any contributions or profits from investments.
5140:
1746:
1586:
1244:
4659:
4575:
3197:
2983:
2806:
2254:
4676:
3180:
Chakib
Abouzaid: Presentation of the World Islamic Insurance Directory at the World Takaful Conference (2006/07/08/09/10/11/12) www.takaful-re.ae
1903:
1160:, sometimes translated as "solidarity" or mutual guarantee) is a co-operative system of reimbursement or repayment in case of loss, organized as an
4639:
4560:
2300:
878:
2461:المدينة وفروعه متعددة كالإسكندرية ، والكوفة ، والبصرة ؛ مستدلا بذلك بما جاء في الطبقات الكبرى لابن سعد ، " عن عروة قال : كان للزبير بمصر خطط
5774:
4580:
3528:
2227:
1745:(cooperative mutual guarantee or insurance) are structured with stockholder rather than policyholder ownership", despite the 9/2 ruling of the
5759:
4590:
4547:
2895:
2497:
2478:
1274:
Islamic scholars began forbidding commercial insurance as early as the late nineteenth century CE. The majority of Islamic scholars believe
5029:
3190:
1732:
participants who desire to reciprocally guarantee each other against a certain loss or damage that may be inflicted upon any one of them.
1114:
4975:
3495:
1590:
1326:
1261:
The commercial insurance contract, with a fixed insurance premium, as practiced by commercial insurance companies, contains substantial
1248:
1652:-based model: Waqf is a distinct entity and a legal person. According to one critic, "except for names and terms, the essence" of both
5170:
286:
2666:
1617:
model (profit-sharing): the managers (shareholders) are sharing profit and losses with the policyholders; used initially in Far East.
5099:
4442:
4396:
4056:
4050:
3064:
2965:
2905:
2877:
2842:
2447:
2264:
2204:
2037:
1136:
851:
5165:
4313:
4169:
3704:
3600:
436:
1964:
5744:
5135:
5125:
4797:
4613:
3452:
1519:
2068:
5749:
4862:
4420:
4318:
1074:
1008:
533:
34:
1432:) and another true Muslim are like a building, whereby every part in it strengthens the other part. (Narratives by Imam al-
4230:
3989:
3724:
3314:
1754:
1701:("to donate, contribute, or give away") is incorporated. Relating to this concept, a participant agrees to relinquish (as
4759:
5907:
5155:
5056:
4782:
4379:
4235:
4225:
4131:
3842:
3481:
3416:
1599:
1472:
740:
695:
322:
4749:
2788:
Siddiqui, Mohammad Najatuallah "Islamic banking and finance in theory and practice: A survey of the state of the art."
5972:
5724:
5421:
5367:
5041:
4884:
4565:
4333:
4126:
3561:
3344:
3339:
3334:
3289:
3269:
3259:
3244:
3239:
3234:
3229:
3221:
3213:
808:
5206:
2572:
1107:
1101:
5372:
5236:
5130:
4644:
4527:
4044:
3521:
2923:
2867:
251:
3110:[Comparing the financial performance of Islamic and conventional banks in emerging markets (in English)].
5451:
5340:
5150:
5051:
4724:
4425:
4254:
3950:
3730:
3693:
1558:
1039:
341:
2114:
1118:
5967:
5824:
5576:
5446:
5426:
5094:
5046:
4879:
4608:
4432:
4205:
3743:
1874:
1522:, this fundraising Takaful business of Zubayr ibn al-Awwam were centered in Medina with its branches spread in
883:
717:
5481:
2732:
1753:
Whether takaful is significantly different from conventional insurance has been questioned. Islamic economist
1251:(also called the International Islamic Fiqh Academy) ruled conventional commercial (but not social) insurance
1325:
According to Jamal Zarabozo, the majority of modern Muslim such as scholars from Islamic Fiqh Council of the
5627:
5416:
5284:
5231:
5089:
5079:
4968:
4742:
3770:
3616:
3279:
465:
5719:
5352:
5180:
4894:
4823:
4792:
4732:
3714:
3709:
3627:
2995:
889:
866:
514:
441:
5734:
5620:
5549:
5404:
5289:
4840:
4818:
3637:
3514:
3457:
2532:
2316:
5251:
2986:[Jual Beli Gharar (Overview of the Process and Object of the Sale and Purchase Transaction)].
5843:
5786:
5409:
5389:
5216:
5104:
5024:
4507:
4414:
4359:
3421:
2636:
1864:
Ajmal Bhatty, President & Chief Executive Officer, Tokio Marine Middle East, Takaful Summit 2011.
1762:
1550:
978:
973:
956:
3012:
1689:(or surplus) from the operations of the takaful is to be shared in accordance with the principle of
5902:
5897:
5892:
5877:
5739:
5699:
5461:
5431:
5299:
5160:
5084:
5074:
4737:
4618:
4512:
4328:
3825:
3622:
1491:. This type of fundraising business consisted of Zubayr practice of accepting safety deposits as a
1433:
1416:
1338:
551:
500:
1464:
5945:
5938:
5850:
5729:
5654:
5471:
5436:
5347:
5304:
5274:
5246:
5241:
5211:
5185:
5009:
4961:
4899:
4813:
4664:
4600:
4408:
4384:
4061:
4039:
3999:
3802:
3753:
3719:
3610:
3319:
3129:
3034:
2520:
1686:
1508:
1480:
1067:
712:
493:
454:
258:
3889:
3142:
2140:
1646:
model: agency fee, received up front from the contributors and transferred to shareholders fund.
1389:(both: virtue, righteousness and piety), but do not help one another in sin and transgression. (
5799:
5669:
5561:
5525:
5515:
5476:
5466:
5394:
5384:
5314:
4874:
4869:
4774:
4764:
4754:
4437:
4323:
4275:
4118:
4029:
3790:
3780:
3775:
3765:
3760:
3593:
3411:
3395:
3060:
2961:
2901:
2873:
2838:
2443:
2260:
2200:
2033:
1674:
1538:
1450:
if he does not protect his neighbour who is in distress. (Narrative of Imam Ahmad bin Hanbal.)
1342:
731:
472:
393:
331:
229:
208:
5912:
5867:
5812:
5804:
5794:
5571:
5495:
5335:
5309:
5294:
5201:
5019:
5001:
4904:
4889:
4649:
4354:
4076:
4014:
4004:
3994:
3979:
3785:
3688:
3660:
3548:
3436:
3154:
3119:
3082:
3024:
2935:
2512:
1554:
1527:
1468:
1406:
398:
272:
5924:
5887:
5863:
5664:
5659:
5639:
5598:
5593:
5540:
5535:
5399:
5379:
5256:
5221:
4830:
4537:
4482:
3968:
3928:
3879:
3831:
3605:
2673:
2545:
2329:
1541:
era, such Islamic banking system were apparent. there were even one business center named
1153:
1050:
600:
358:
4282:
1697:
In order to eliminate the element of uncertainty in the takaful contract, the concept of
1673:(takaful operator) accepts payment of the takaful installments or takaful contributions (
379:
3108:"مقارنة الأداء المالي للمصارف الإسلامية والتقليدية في الأسواق الناشئة (بالغة الانجليزية"
5830:
5679:
5362:
5226:
5120:
5066:
4942:
4669:
4522:
4364:
4066:
1987:"RESOLUTIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS Of THE COUNCIL OF THE ISLAMIC FIQH ACADEMY 1985- 2000"
1728:
372:
203:
5961:
5633:
5554:
5502:
5441:
5279:
5145:
4845:
4682:
4532:
4071:
4034:
4009:
3894:
3299:
3133:
3038:
2524:
1610:
There are several models (and several variations) of how takaful can be implemented:
1573:
Muslim jurists acknowledge that the basis of shared responsibility (in the system of
1060:
122:
2897:
What Is Wrong with Islamic Economics?: Analysing the Present State and Future Agenda
2511:
Zubair Mughal, Muhammad. "Takaful cover for Ijarah & Muharaba". al Huda center.
2165:
1681:) from investors or providers of capital or funds (takaful participants), acting as
1526:, Kufa and Basra. Ali Ahmad Salih pointed out the evidences based on the records of
1218:
Losses are divided and liabilities spread according to the community pooling system.
5882:
5694:
5689:
5649:
5610:
4932:
4857:
4517:
4369:
4247:
3963:
3569:
3426:
1402:
1330:
689:
680:
657:
609:
486:
365:
307:
3867:
3855:
3124:
1390:
3054:
2955:
2437:
1405:
will always help his servant for as long as he helps others. (Narratives by Imam
17:
5917:
5872:
5545:
5330:
4494:
3984:
3923:
3850:
3737:
3431:
1531:
1484:
1437:
1420:
1286:
798:
157:
2939:
1265:, which renders the contract defective. Consequently, it is legally forbidden.
5816:
5808:
5684:
5605:
5566:
5510:
4787:
3884:
3859:
3474:
3385:
3182:
3107:
3029:
2984:"Gharar Transactions (Tinjauan terhadap Proses dan Obyek Transaksi Jual Beli)"
2516:
1523:
1496:
427:
5858:
5674:
5644:
5615:
5357:
4984:
4502:
3933:
3748:
3294:
3249:
3159:
1899:"Prospects for Evolution of Takaful in the 21st Century: Origins of Takaful"
1275:
1212:
Policyholders' contributions are considered as donations to the fund (pool).
1029:
266:
1963:. International Cooperative and Mutual Insurance Federation. Archived from
1796:
in goodness and piety, and do not help one another in sin and aggression;"
1428:
1362:
Islamic scholars supporting takaful point to Qur'an and several sayings (
1215:
Every policyholder pays his subscription to help those who need assistance.
293:
2928:
International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management
1565:(risky business), gambling, and Riba, which all forbidden by Islamic law.
5582:
4835:
4341:
4199:
4151:
3945:
3899:
3863:
3588:
3284:
3274:
2772:
2006:
1546:
1504:
1367:
1296:
1188:
967:
924:
826:
138:
5520:
4850:
4456:
4024:
3916:
3909:
3904:
3646:
3390:
3013:"Islamic Finance in Ethiopia: Current Status, Prospects and Challenges"
945:
781:
578:
279:
131:
76:
3143:"Multiple Contracts According to the Fatwa of National Sharia Council"
2924:"Determinants of Islamic banks' profitability: international evidence"
1475:
regarding the conduct and ethics in business in accordance of Islamic
5175:
4374:
4348:
4307:
4268:
4185:
4098:
4019:
3874:
3820:
3815:
3582:
3375:
3264:
3254:
1642:
1582:
1562:
1488:
1447:
1363:
1178:
1166:
931:
706:
699:
556:
479:
300:
111:
66:
1875:"Islamic Financial Services Industry Stability Report 2019, Page 10"
3112:مجلة الاسکندرية للبحوث المحاسبية (مجلة الاسکندرية للبحوث المحاسبية)
2716:
Archer, Simon; Abdel Karim, Riffat Ahmed; Nienhaus, Volker (2009).
1221:
Uncertainty is eliminated concerning subscription and compensation.
5835:
4623:
4448:
4402:
4390:
4192:
4178:
4137:
3810:
3667:
3653:
3574:
3537:
3370:
3354:
3324:
3304:
2301:"Islamic Banking, Takaful and Al Rahnu LCA4562 DR. ZULKIFLI HASAN"
2196:
The Foundations of Islamic Banking: Theory, Practice and Education
1578:
1512:
1500:
1334:
1306:
1253:
1231:
1161:
1023:
1016:
938:
917:
910:
896:
840:
774:
767:
760:
748:
646:
635:
589:
545:
420:
411:
404:
224:
217:
198:
177:
104:
97:
85:
56:
1170:-compliant alternative to conventional insurance, which contains
5530:
4289:
4261:
4211:
4158:
4103:
3674:
3380:
3349:
3309:
1492:
1476:
1302:
1172:
903:
819:
787:
618:
567:
507:
347:
186:
168:
150:
42:
4957:
4709:
4477:
4093:
3510:
3506:
3498:(OIC) are nations which officially recognize Islam politically.
3186:
1209:
Policyholders cooperate among themselves for their common good.
1192:(commercial and civil acts or dealings branch of Islamic law).
2353:
2351:
1086:
3017:
International Journal of Islamic Banking and Finance Research
2960:(English ed.). Indonesia: PT Erwandi Tarmizi Konsultan.
2630:"Concept Paper – Guidelines on Takaful Operational Framework"
1471:
of Tafakul has become serious object of study by scholars of
4953:
2573:"Key Sharia Principles and Prohibitions in Islamic Finance"
2069:"The Question of Insurance Outside of the "Lands of Islam""
1761:"The form of organization chosen to take advantage of the
1446:: By my life (which is in God's power), nobody will enter
1313:
They have two main concerns about conventional insurance:
2720:. Singapore: John Wiley & Sons (Asia). pp. 63–4.
2718:
Takaful Islamic insurance: Concepts and regulatory issues
2368:
2366:
2113:
Mulhim, Ahmed Salem; Sabbagh, Ahmed Mohammed (c. 2001).
2733:"TAKAFUL MODELS: THEIR EVOLUTION AND FUTURE DIRECTION"
2166:"Proof for the concept of Takaful in Quran and Sunnah"
1770:
later is not compensated, or not compensated in full.
3087:
Journal of Knowledge Economy and Knowledge Management
3011:
Hailu, Suadiq Mehammed; Yatoo, Nissar Ahmad (2021).
2439:الهندسة المالية المعاصرة: رؤية شرعية اقتصادية مقارنة
2431:
2429:
2256:
Islamic Economies: Stability, Markets and Endowments
5785:
5710:
5494:
5323:
5265:
5194:
5113:
5065:
5000:
4991:
4806:
4773:
4723:
4632:
4599:
4546:
4493:
4299:
4221:
4168:
4117:
3959:
3841:
3801:
3684:
3636:
3560:
3466:
3445:
3404:
3363:
3220:
2831:
Islamic Finance : Law, Economics, and Practice
2807:"The True Difference Between Takaful and Insurance"
2026:
Islamic Finance : Law, Economics, and Practice
1224:
It does not derive advantage at the cost of others.
3083:"An Overview of the Financial History of Muslims"
2595:
2593:
2591:
2589:
2711:
2709:
2092:
2090:
1844:
1842:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1819:
1817:
1815:
1813:
1530:narration in Tabaqat al Kubra which written by
3056:Ensiklopedi Ijma' Syaikhul Islam Ibnu Taimiyah
2557:
2555:
2253:Alam, Nafis; Rizvi, Syed Aun R., eds. (2017).
1897:Omar Fisher and Dawood Y.Taylor (April 2000).
1278:is disallowed for Muslims because it contains
4969:
3522:
3198:
2193:Ariff, Mohamed; Iqbal, Munawar, eds. (2011).
1068:
8:
2561:Ernst & Young, World Takaful Report 2008
1892:
1890:
1888:
2477:sfn error: no target: CITEREFAl-Harbi2015 (
1518:According to Ali Ahmad Salih, professor of
1243:In its second session (December 1985), the
4997:
4976:
4962:
4954:
4720:
4706:
4490:
4474:
4114:
4090:
3557:
3529:
3515:
3507:
3205:
3191:
3183:
2372:
1587:International Islamic Fiqh Academy, Jeddah
1257:(forbidden). Its ninth resolution stated:
1075:
1061:
871:
736:
538:
450:
327:
71:
29:
3158:
3123:
3028:
2800:
2798:
2116:The ISLAMIC INSURANCE THEORY and PRACTICE
1638:: Bahrain, UAE and Middle East countries.
1137:Learn how and when to remove this message
3147:International Journal of Nusantara Islam
2496:sfn error: no target: CITEREFIslam1984 (
2472:
2396:
2357:
2286:
2199:. Edward Elgar Publishing. p. 190.
1904:President and Fellows of Harvard College
1100:This article includes a list of general
5978:Islamic banking and finance terminology
3053:al Bushi, Abdullah bin Mubarak (2019).
2342:
2032:. New York, NY: Cambridge. p. 61.
1809:
1788:
1329:, the Board of the Leading Scholars of
1270:Argument against conventional insurance
955:
850:
807:
746:
453:
330:
184:
175:
166:
83:
74:
41:
2541:
2530:
2420:
2325:
2314:
2303:(Dr.). Universiti Sains Islam Malaysia
1951:
1949:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
2957:Haram Wealth in Contemporary Muamalah
2759:What Is Wrong with Islamic Economics?
2699:What Is Wrong with Islamic Economics?
2602:What Is Wrong with Islamic Economics?
2491:
2442:(in Arabic). Al Manhal. p. 103.
2384:
1931:What Is Wrong with Islamic Economics?
1851:What Is Wrong with Islamic Economics?
1826:What Is Wrong with Islamic Economics?
7:
2408:
1577:as practised between the Muslims of
3496:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
2141:"Verse (5:2) - English Translation"
2067:M. Zarabozo, Jamaal al-Din (2003).
1591:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
1511:of the business, which regarded as
1327:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
1249:Organisation of Islamic Cooperation
1157:
5015:Accidental death and dismemberment
2822:Books, documents, journal articles
1747:International Islamic Fiqh Academy
1106:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
1685:. The contract specifies how the
1349:Defense of conventional insurance
5141:Directors and officers liability
4938:
4937:
4926:
4457:Schools of islamic jurisprudence
3705:Timeline of the history of Islam
2075:. JamaalZarabozo.com. p. 16
1879:Islamic Financial Services Board
1669:According to this principle the
1520:Middle East University in Jordan
1091:
55:
4798:List of ex-Muslim organisations
2756:
2696:
2599:
1928:
1848:
1823:
584:(unlawful warfare and banditry)
2988:Mahazib Jurnal Pemikiran Islam
2649:
2096:
1:
3125:10.21608/aljalexu.2020.106078
2894:Khan, Muhammad Akram (2013).
2828:el-Gamal, Mahmoud A. (2006).
2805:Kayali, Rakaan (2016-01-15).
2023:el-Gamal, Mahmoud A. (2006).
1755:Mohammad Najatuallah Siddiqui
5908:Savings and loan association
4783:Apostasy in Islam by country
4660:Liberalism and progressivism
3482:The Economic System In Islam
3417:Mohammad Najatuallah Siddiqi
1487:based business according to
5341:Insurance-linked securities
3214:Islamic banking and finance
2982:Zaroni, Akhmad Nur (2007).
2900:. Edward Elgar Publishing.
2869:Islamic Finance For Dummies
2837:. New York, NY: Cambridge.
2667:"WORLD TAKAFUL REPORT 2016"
2652:Islamic Finance For Dummies
2436:Abdul Khaliq, Ihab (2021).
2099:Islamic Finance For Dummies
5994:
5030:Total permanent disability
2940:10.1108/IMEFM-12-2015-0161
2866:Jamaldeen, Faleel (2012).
1444:Basis of Mutual Protection
5933:
5770:Health insurance coverage
5035:Business overhead expense
4921:
4719:
4705:
4571:Geography and cartography
4489:
4473:
4113:
4089:
3556:
3545:
3491:
3030:10.46281/ijibfr.v6i1.1317
2954:Tarmizi, Erwandi (2017).
2872:. John Wiley & Sons.
2811:Practical Islamic Finance
2792:, 13 (2) (February): 1-48
2517:10.1017/9781108654241.008
1957:"About Takaful Insurance"
1559:Aligarh Muslim University
1545:in Basra that accept any
1182:(excessive uncertainty).
27:Islamic form of insurance
5171:Protection and indemnity
4880:Islamic view of miracles
3141:Lateh, Bukhoree (2016).
2922:Al-Harbi, A. T. (2017).
2790:Islamic Economic Studies
2299:Hasan, Zulkifli (2008).
2259:. Springer. p. 15.
605:("spreading corruption")
5628:Explanation of benefits
5100:Variable universal life
4645:Creationism (evolution)
3453:Banks in the Arab world
3160:10.15575/ijni.v4i1.1184
3081:Karaoğlu, Ömer (2020).
2731:Mahbubi Ali, Mohammad.
1413:Basis of Responsibility
1366:) of the Islam prophet
1121:more precise citations.
5765:Health insurance costs
5166:Professional liability
4895:Persecution of Muslims
4793:List of former Muslims
3710:Succession to Muhammad
3494:The bloc known as the
2994:(1): 1. Archived from
2672:. 2016. Archived from
2540:Cite journal requires
2373:Hailu & Yatoo 2021
2324:Cite journal requires
1767:
1665:model (profit-sharing)
1381:: Help one another in
1370:. Some examples are:
1337:under the auspices of
1333:, the Fiqh Council of
1267:
5621:Out-of-pocket expense
5482:Workers' compensation
5136:Collateral protection
5126:Business interruption
4689:Conversion to mosques
4556:Alchemy and chemistry
3458:Participation banking
2228:"Daily Hadith Online"
1759:
1623:-based: "donations" (
1379:Basis of Co-operation
1341:, Siddiq ad-Dharir,
1259:
43:Islamic jurisprudence
5844:Corpus Juris Civilis
4415:Ma malakat aymanukum
3990:Association football
3422:Muhammad Taqi Usmani
2637:Bank Negara Malaysia
2617:World Takaful Report
1763:law of large numbers
1503:, without accepting
1473:Islamic institutions
1458:History & models
1276:commercial insurance
5903:Rochdale Principles
5898:Mutual savings bank
5893:Mutual organization
5878:Cooperative banking
5795:Mesopotamian banker
5075:Longevity insurance
3106:منان, عتاب (2020).
2998:on 11 November 2021
2615:Ernst & Young,
2571:Jamaldeen, Faleel.
1515:in Islam teaching.
1409:and Imam Abu Daud.)
1339:Muslim World League
5973:Types of insurance
5655:Insurable interest
5156:Payment protection
5057:Payment protection
4900:Quran and miracles
4814:Criticism of Islam
4528:Geometric patterns
4380:Gender segregation
3951:Non-denominational
3320:Sharia investments
3315:Securities trading
3240:Bai' Bithaman Ajil
2360:, p. 331-350.
2289:, p. 685,686)
1967:on 13 October 2016
1727:is the commercial
696:Gender segregation
259:Islamic leadership
5955:
5954:
5800:Code of Hammurabi
5775:Vehicle insurance
5670:Replacement value
5562:Actual cash value
5526:Adverse selection
5516:Actuarial science
5490:
5489:
5422:Kidnap and ransom
5395:Extended warranty
5042:Income protection
4951:
4950:
4917:
4916:
4913:
4912:
4885:Domestic violence
4875:Islamic terrorism
4870:Islamic extremism
4701:
4700:
4697:
4696:
4469:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4255:Marriage contract
4085:
4084:
4045:Political aspects
3832:Story of Prophets
3601:Prophets of Islam
3504:
3503:
3412:Abdul Azim Islahi
3396:Modern gold dinar
2232:abuaminaelias.com
1630:A combination of
1553:theorized in his
1539:Abbasid Caliphate
1426:One true Muslim (
1343:Wahbah al-Zuhayli
1147:
1146:
1139:
1085:
1084:
999:
998:
857:
856:
671:
670:
524:
523:
449:
448:
242:
241:
18:Islamic Insurance
16:(Redirected from
5985:
5913:Social insurance
5868:Friendly society
5760:Health insurance
5588:Short rate table
5336:Catastrophe bond
5237:Lenders mortgage
4998:
4978:
4971:
4964:
4955:
4941:
4940:
4933:Islam portal
4931:
4930:
4929:
4721:
4713:
4707:
4548:Medieval science
4491:
4481:
4475:
4132:Economic history
4115:
4091:
4077:Islam by country
3910:Bektashi Alevism
3558:
3549:Outline of Islam
3531:
3524:
3517:
3508:
3499:
3437:Waleed El-Ansary
3207:
3200:
3193:
3184:
3171:
3169:
3167:
3162:
3137:
3127:
3102:
3100:
3098:
3077:
3075:
3073:
3049:
3047:
3045:
3032:
3007:
3005:
3003:
2978:
2976:
2974:
2950:
2948:
2946:
2918:
2916:
2914:
2890:
2888:
2886:
2862:
2860:
2859:
2853:
2847:. Archived from
2836:
2815:
2814:
2802:
2793:
2786:
2780:
2770:
2764:
2754:
2748:
2747:
2745:
2743:
2728:
2722:
2721:
2713:
2704:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2678:
2671:
2663:
2657:
2647:
2641:
2640:
2634:
2626:
2620:
2613:
2607:
2597:
2584:
2583:
2581:
2579:
2568:
2562:
2559:
2550:
2549:
2543:
2538:
2536:
2528:
2508:
2502:
2501:
2489:
2483:
2482:
2470:
2464:
2463:
2458:
2456:
2433:
2424:
2418:
2412:
2406:
2400:
2394:
2388:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2361:
2355:
2346:
2340:
2334:
2333:
2327:
2322:
2320:
2312:
2310:
2308:
2296:
2290:
2284:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2273:
2250:
2244:
2243:
2241:
2239:
2224:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2190:
2184:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2170:
2162:
2156:
2155:
2153:
2151:
2145:corpus.quran.com
2137:
2131:
2130:
2128:
2126:
2121:
2110:
2104:
2094:
2085:
2084:
2082:
2080:
2064:
2058:
2057:
2055:
2054:
2048:
2042:. Archived from
2031:
2020:
2014:
2004:
1998:
1997:
1991:
1983:
1977:
1976:
1974:
1972:
1953:
1936:
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1916:
1907:. Archived from
1894:
1883:
1882:
1871:
1865:
1862:
1856:
1846:
1831:
1821:
1797:
1793:
1555:Academic journal
1528:Hisham ibn Urwah
1469:Entrepreneurship
1407:Ahmad ibn Hanbal
1391:Sūrat al-Māʼidah
1358:Scriptural basis
1159:
1142:
1135:
1131:
1128:
1122:
1117:this article by
1108:inline citations
1095:
1094:
1087:
1077:
1070:
1063:
1040:Prisoners of war
1035:
993:
988:Comparison with
872:
737:
664:
653:
642:
625:
615:
606:
596:
585:
574:
563:
539:
451:
328:
287:Wilayat al-faqih
273:Majlis-ash-Shura
72:
59:
30:
21:
5993:
5992:
5988:
5987:
5986:
5984:
5983:
5982:
5968:Islamic banking
5958:
5957:
5956:
5951:
5929:
5925:Insurance cycle
5888:Fraternal order
5781:
5712:
5706:
5665:Proximate cause
5660:Insurance fraud
5640:General average
5599:Claims adjuster
5541:Risk management
5536:Risk assessment
5500:
5497:
5486:
5452:Prize indemnity
5319:
5267:
5261:
5190:
5151:Over-redemption
5109:
5061:
5052:National health
4993:
4987:
4982:
4952:
4947:
4927:
4925:
4909:
4831:Cultural Muslim
4802:
4769:
4725:Other religions
4715:
4711:
4693:
4628:
4595:
4542:
4485:
4483:Islamic studies
4479:
4461:
4295:
4240:
4217:
4164:
4109:
4108:
4081:
4030:Moral teachings
3973:
3955:
3929:Nation of Islam
3890:Twelver Shi'ism
3837:
3803:Religious texts
3797:
3715:Early conquests
3698:
3680:
3632:
3552:
3541:
3535:
3505:
3500:
3493:
3487:
3462:
3441:
3400:
3359:
3216:
3211:
3178:
3165:
3163:
3140:
3105:
3096:
3094:
3080:
3071:
3069:
3067:
3059:. Darul Falah.
3052:
3043:
3041:
3010:
3001:
2999:
2981:
2972:
2970:
2968:
2953:
2944:
2942:
2921:
2912:
2910:
2908:
2893:
2884:
2882:
2880:
2865:
2857:
2855:
2851:
2845:
2834:
2827:
2824:
2819:
2818:
2804:
2803:
2796:
2787:
2783:
2775:Islamic Finance
2771:
2767:
2755:
2751:
2741:
2739:
2730:
2729:
2725:
2715:
2714:
2707:
2695:
2691:
2682:
2680:
2676:
2669:
2665:
2664:
2660:
2648:
2644:
2632:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2614:
2610:
2598:
2587:
2577:
2575:
2570:
2569:
2565:
2560:
2553:
2539:
2529:
2510:
2509:
2505:
2495:
2490:
2486:
2476:
2471:
2467:
2454:
2452:
2450:
2435:
2434:
2427:
2419:
2415:
2407:
2403:
2395:
2391:
2383:
2379:
2371:
2364:
2356:
2349:
2341:
2337:
2323:
2313:
2306:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2293:
2285:
2281:
2271:
2269:
2267:
2252:
2251:
2247:
2237:
2235:
2226:
2225:
2221:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2192:
2191:
2187:
2177:
2175:
2168:
2164:
2163:
2159:
2149:
2147:
2139:
2138:
2134:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2112:
2111:
2107:
2095:
2088:
2078:
2076:
2066:
2065:
2061:
2052:
2050:
2046:
2040:
2029:
2022:
2021:
2017:
2009:Islamic Finance
2005:
2001:
1989:
1985:
1984:
1980:
1970:
1968:
1955:
1954:
1939:
1927:
1923:
1914:
1912:
1896:
1895:
1886:
1873:
1872:
1868:
1863:
1859:
1847:
1834:
1822:
1811:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1794:
1790:
1785:
1780:
1743:takaful ta'āwun
1738:
1667:
1608:
1571:
1460:
1360:
1351:
1272:
1241:
1235:) is disputed.
1202:
1143:
1132:
1126:
1123:
1113:Please help to
1112:
1096:
1092:
1081:
1051:Islamic studies
1045:
1044:
1033:
1011:
1001:
1000:
986:
983:
951:
869:
859:
858:
846:
794:
734:
724:
723:
722:
683:
673:
672:
662:
651:
641:(discretionary)
640:
623:
613:
604:
601:Mofsed-e-filarz
594:
583:
572:
561:
536:
526:
525:
520:
433:
385:
353:
325:
315:
314:
313:
254:
244:
243:
238:
146:
145:
117:
69:
44:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5991:
5989:
5981:
5980:
5975:
5970:
5960:
5959:
5953:
5952:
5950:
5949:
5946:List of topics
5942:
5934:
5931:
5930:
5928:
5927:
5922:
5921:
5920:
5915:
5910:
5905:
5900:
5895:
5890:
5885:
5880:
5875:
5861:
5856:
5855:
5854:
5840:
5839:
5838:
5833:
5831:Burial society
5821:
5820:
5819:
5813:§235–238; §240
5805:§100–105; §126
5797:
5791:
5789:
5783:
5782:
5780:
5779:
5778:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5755:Climate change
5747:
5745:United Kingdom
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5716:
5714:
5708:
5707:
5705:
5704:
5703:
5702:
5692:
5690:Underinsurance
5687:
5682:
5680:Self-insurance
5677:
5672:
5667:
5662:
5657:
5652:
5647:
5642:
5637:
5630:
5625:
5624:
5623:
5618:
5613:
5603:
5602:
5601:
5591:
5590:
5589:
5586:
5574:
5569:
5564:
5559:
5558:
5557:
5552:
5543:
5538:
5533:
5528:
5523:
5513:
5507:
5505:
5492:
5491:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5484:
5479:
5474:
5469:
5464:
5459:
5454:
5449:
5447:Political risk
5444:
5439:
5434:
5429:
5427:Legal expenses
5424:
5419:
5414:
5413:
5412:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5376:
5375:
5370:
5360:
5355:
5350:
5345:
5344:
5343:
5338:
5327:
5325:
5321:
5320:
5318:
5317:
5312:
5307:
5302:
5297:
5292:
5287:
5282:
5277:
5271:
5269:
5263:
5262:
5260:
5259:
5254:
5249:
5244:
5239:
5234:
5229:
5224:
5219:
5214:
5209:
5207:Builder's risk
5204:
5198:
5196:
5192:
5191:
5189:
5188:
5183:
5178:
5173:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5153:
5148:
5143:
5138:
5133:
5131:Business owner
5128:
5123:
5117:
5115:
5111:
5110:
5108:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5095:Universal life
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5071:
5069:
5063:
5062:
5060:
5059:
5054:
5049:
5047:Long-term care
5044:
5039:
5038:
5037:
5032:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5006:
5004:
4995:
4989:
4988:
4983:
4981:
4980:
4973:
4966:
4958:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4945:
4935:
4922:
4919:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4911:
4910:
4908:
4907:
4902:
4897:
4892:
4887:
4882:
4877:
4872:
4867:
4866:
4865:
4855:
4854:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4833:
4828:
4827:
4826:
4821:
4810:
4808:
4807:Related topics
4804:
4803:
4801:
4800:
4795:
4790:
4785:
4779:
4777:
4771:
4770:
4768:
4767:
4762:
4757:
4752:
4747:
4746:
4745:
4740:
4729:
4727:
4717:
4716:
4710:
4703:
4702:
4699:
4698:
4695:
4694:
4692:
4691:
4686:
4679:
4674:
4673:
4672:
4662:
4657:
4652:
4647:
4642:
4636:
4634:
4630:
4629:
4627:
4626:
4621:
4616:
4611:
4605:
4603:
4597:
4596:
4594:
4593:
4588:
4583:
4578:
4573:
4568:
4563:
4558:
4552:
4550:
4544:
4543:
4541:
4540:
4535:
4530:
4525:
4520:
4515:
4510:
4505:
4499:
4497:
4487:
4486:
4478:
4471:
4470:
4467:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4460:
4459:
4454:
4453:
4452:
4440:
4438:Sources of law
4435:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4418:
4411:
4406:
4399:
4394:
4387:
4382:
4377:
4372:
4367:
4362:
4357:
4352:
4345:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4331:
4326:
4316:
4311:
4303:
4301:
4297:
4296:
4294:
4293:
4286:
4279:
4272:
4265:
4258:
4251:
4243:
4241:
4239:
4238:
4233:
4228:
4222:
4219:
4218:
4216:
4215:
4208:
4203:
4196:
4189:
4182:
4174:
4172:
4166:
4165:
4163:
4162:
4155:
4148:
4141:
4134:
4129:
4123:
4121:
4111:
4110:
4107:
4106:
4101:
4095:
4094:
4087:
4086:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4079:
4074:
4069:
4064:
4062:Social welfare
4059:
4054:
4047:
4042:
4037:
4032:
4027:
4022:
4017:
4012:
4007:
4002:
3997:
3992:
3987:
3982:
3976:
3974:
3972:
3971:
3966:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3954:
3953:
3948:
3943:
3942:
3941:
3931:
3926:
3921:
3920:
3919:
3914:
3913:
3912:
3902:
3897:
3892:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3871:
3870:
3847:
3845:
3839:
3838:
3836:
3835:
3828:
3823:
3818:
3813:
3807:
3805:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3794:
3793:
3788:
3783:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3746:
3741:
3734:
3727:
3725:Historiography
3722:
3717:
3712:
3707:
3701:
3699:
3697:
3696:
3691:
3685:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3671:
3664:
3657:
3650:
3642:
3640:
3634:
3633:
3631:
3630:
3625:
3620:
3613:
3608:
3603:
3598:
3597:
3596:
3586:
3579:
3578:
3577:
3566:
3564:
3554:
3553:
3546:
3543:
3542:
3536:
3534:
3533:
3526:
3519:
3511:
3502:
3501:
3492:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3478:
3470:
3468:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3455:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3442:
3440:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3424:
3419:
3414:
3408:
3406:
3402:
3401:
3399:
3398:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3367:
3365:
3361:
3360:
3358:
3357:
3352:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3327:
3322:
3317:
3312:
3307:
3302:
3297:
3292:
3287:
3282:
3277:
3272:
3267:
3262:
3257:
3252:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3232:
3226:
3224:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3210:
3209:
3202:
3195:
3187:
3177:
3174:
3173:
3172:
3138:
3103:
3078:
3065:
3050:
3008:
2979:
2966:
2951:
2934:(3): 331–350.
2919:
2906:
2891:
2878:
2863:
2843:
2823:
2820:
2817:
2816:
2794:
2781:
2765:
2749:
2723:
2705:
2689:
2658:
2642:
2621:
2608:
2585:
2563:
2551:
2542:|journal=
2503:
2494:, p. 783.
2484:
2465:
2448:
2425:
2413:
2401:
2389:
2377:
2362:
2347:
2345:, p. 242.
2335:
2326:|journal=
2291:
2287:al Bushi (2019
2279:
2265:
2245:
2219:
2205:
2185:
2157:
2132:
2105:
2086:
2059:
2038:
2015:
1999:
1978:
1937:
1921:
1884:
1866:
1857:
1832:
1808:
1807:
1805:
1802:
1799:
1798:
1787:
1786:
1784:
1781:
1779:
1776:
1737:
1734:
1729:profit-sharing
1666:
1659:
1658:
1657:
1647:
1639:
1628:
1618:
1607:
1604:
1570:
1567:
1459:
1456:
1452:
1451:
1441:
1424:
1410:
1399:
1398:
1376:
1375:
1359:
1356:
1350:
1347:
1323:
1322:
1319:
1311:
1310:
1300:
1290:
1271:
1268:
1240:
1237:
1226:
1225:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1213:
1210:
1201:
1198:
1145:
1144:
1099:
1097:
1090:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1079:
1072:
1065:
1057:
1054:
1053:
1047:
1046:
1043:
1042:
1037:
1027:
1020:
1012:
1007:
1006:
1003:
1002:
997:
996:
995:
994:
982:
981:
976:
971:
963:
960:
959:
953:
952:
950:
949:
942:
935:
928:
921:
914:
907:
900:
893:
886:
881:
875:
870:
865:
864:
861:
860:
855:
854:
848:
847:
845:
844:
837:
830:
823:
815:
812:
811:
805:
804:
803:
802:
793:
792:
778:
771:
764:
756:
753:
752:
744:
743:
735:
730:
729:
726:
725:
721:
720:
715:
710:
703:
693:
685:
684:
679:
678:
675:
674:
669:
668:
667:
666:
663:(compensation)
655:
644:
630:
629:
628:
627:
616:
607:
598:
587:
576:
565:
554:
549:
537:
532:
531:
528:
527:
522:
521:
519:
518:
511:
504:
497:
490:
483:
476:
469:
461:
458:
457:
447:
446:
445:
444:
439:
432:
431:
424:
417:
416:
415:
408:
396:
390:
387:
386:
384:
383:
376:
369:
362:
354:
352:
351:
344:
338:
335:
334:
326:
321:
320:
317:
316:
312:
311:
304:
297:
290:
283:
276:
269:
263:
262:
261:
255:
250:
249:
246:
245:
240:
239:
237:
236:
221:
214:
206:
194:
191:
190:
182:
181:
173:
172:
164:
163:
162:
161:
154:
147:
144:
143:
135:
126:
120:
116:
115:
108:
101:
93:
90:
89:
81:
80:
70:
65:
64:
61:
60:
52:
51:
39:
38:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5990:
5979:
5976:
5974:
5971:
5969:
5966:
5965:
5963:
5948:
5947:
5943:
5941:
5940:
5936:
5935:
5932:
5926:
5923:
5919:
5916:
5914:
5911:
5909:
5906:
5904:
5901:
5899:
5896:
5894:
5891:
5889:
5886:
5884:
5881:
5879:
5876:
5874:
5871:
5870:
5869:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5853:
5852:
5848:
5847:
5846:
5845:
5841:
5837:
5834:
5832:
5829:
5828:
5827:
5826:
5822:
5818:
5814:
5810:
5806:
5803:
5802:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5792:
5790:
5788:
5784:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5752:
5751:
5750:United States
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5717:
5715:
5709:
5701:
5698:
5697:
5696:
5693:
5691:
5688:
5686:
5683:
5681:
5678:
5676:
5673:
5671:
5668:
5666:
5663:
5661:
5658:
5656:
5653:
5651:
5648:
5646:
5643:
5641:
5638:
5636:
5635:
5634:Force majeure
5631:
5629:
5626:
5622:
5619:
5617:
5614:
5612:
5609:
5608:
5607:
5604:
5600:
5597:
5596:
5595:
5592:
5587:
5585:
5584:
5580:
5579:
5578:
5575:
5573:
5570:
5568:
5565:
5563:
5560:
5556:
5555:Value of life
5553:
5551:
5547:
5544:
5542:
5539:
5537:
5534:
5532:
5529:
5527:
5524:
5522:
5519:
5518:
5517:
5514:
5512:
5509:
5508:
5506:
5504:
5499:
5493:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5475:
5473:
5470:
5468:
5465:
5463:
5460:
5458:
5455:
5453:
5450:
5448:
5445:
5443:
5440:
5438:
5435:
5433:
5430:
5428:
5425:
5423:
5420:
5418:
5417:Interest rate
5415:
5411:
5408:
5407:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5396:
5393:
5391:
5388:
5386:
5383:
5381:
5378:
5374:
5371:
5369:
5366:
5365:
5364:
5361:
5359:
5356:
5354:
5351:
5349:
5346:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5333:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5322:
5316:
5313:
5311:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5298:
5296:
5293:
5291:
5288:
5286:
5285:Inland marine
5283:
5281:
5280:GAP insurance
5278:
5276:
5273:
5272:
5270:
5268:Communication
5264:
5258:
5255:
5253:
5250:
5248:
5245:
5243:
5240:
5238:
5235:
5233:
5230:
5228:
5225:
5223:
5220:
5218:
5215:
5213:
5210:
5208:
5205:
5203:
5200:
5199:
5197:
5193:
5187:
5184:
5182:
5179:
5177:
5174:
5172:
5169:
5167:
5164:
5162:
5159:
5157:
5154:
5152:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5142:
5139:
5137:
5134:
5132:
5129:
5127:
5124:
5122:
5119:
5118:
5116:
5112:
5106:
5103:
5101:
5098:
5096:
5093:
5091:
5090:Unitised fund
5088:
5086:
5083:
5081:
5080:Mortgage life
5078:
5076:
5073:
5072:
5070:
5068:
5064:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5050:
5048:
5045:
5043:
5040:
5036:
5033:
5031:
5028:
5027:
5026:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5016:
5013:
5011:
5008:
5007:
5005:
5003:
4999:
4996:
4990:
4986:
4979:
4974:
4972:
4967:
4965:
4960:
4959:
4956:
4944:
4936:
4934:
4924:
4923:
4920:
4906:
4903:
4901:
4898:
4896:
4893:
4891:
4888:
4886:
4883:
4881:
4878:
4876:
4873:
4871:
4868:
4864:
4861:
4860:
4859:
4856:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4846:Post-Islamism
4844:
4842:
4839:
4838:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4816:
4815:
4812:
4811:
4809:
4805:
4799:
4796:
4794:
4791:
4789:
4786:
4784:
4781:
4780:
4778:
4776:
4772:
4766:
4763:
4761:
4758:
4756:
4753:
4751:
4748:
4744:
4743:Protestantism
4741:
4739:
4736:
4735:
4734:
4731:
4730:
4728:
4726:
4722:
4718:
4708:
4704:
4690:
4687:
4685:
4684:
4680:
4678:
4675:
4671:
4668:
4667:
4666:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4656:
4653:
4651:
4648:
4646:
4643:
4641:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4631:
4625:
4622:
4620:
4617:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4606:
4604:
4602:
4598:
4592:
4589:
4587:
4586:Ophthalmology
4584:
4582:
4579:
4577:
4574:
4572:
4569:
4567:
4564:
4562:
4559:
4557:
4554:
4553:
4551:
4549:
4545:
4539:
4536:
4534:
4531:
4529:
4526:
4524:
4521:
4519:
4516:
4514:
4511:
4509:
4506:
4504:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4496:
4492:
4488:
4484:
4476:
4472:
4458:
4455:
4451:
4450:
4446:
4445:
4444:
4441:
4439:
4436:
4434:
4431:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4417:
4416:
4412:
4410:
4407:
4405:
4404:
4400:
4398:
4395:
4393:
4392:
4388:
4386:
4383:
4381:
4378:
4376:
4373:
4371:
4368:
4366:
4363:
4361:
4358:
4356:
4353:
4351:
4350:
4346:
4344:
4343:
4339:
4335:
4334:Death penalty
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4321:
4320:
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4309:
4305:
4304:
4302:
4300:Other aspects
4298:
4292:
4291:
4287:
4285:
4284:
4280:
4278:
4277:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4266:
4264:
4263:
4259:
4257:
4256:
4252:
4250:
4249:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4237:
4234:
4232:
4229:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4220:
4214:
4213:
4209:
4207:
4204:
4202:
4201:
4197:
4195:
4194:
4190:
4188:
4187:
4183:
4181:
4180:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4171:
4167:
4161:
4160:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4149:
4147:
4146:
4142:
4140:
4139:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4124:
4122:
4120:
4116:
4112:
4105:
4104:Jurisprudence
4102:
4100:
4097:
4096:
4092:
4088:
4078:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4060:
4058:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4006:
4003:
4001:
3998:
3996:
3993:
3991:
3988:
3986:
3983:
3981:
3978:
3977:
3975:
3970:
3967:
3965:
3962:
3961:
3958:
3952:
3949:
3947:
3944:
3940:
3937:
3936:
3935:
3932:
3930:
3927:
3925:
3922:
3918:
3915:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3891:
3888:
3887:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3869:
3865:
3861:
3857:
3854:
3853:
3852:
3849:
3848:
3846:
3844:
3843:Denominations
3840:
3834:
3833:
3829:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3817:
3814:
3812:
3809:
3808:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3782:
3779:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3747:
3745:
3742:
3740:
3739:
3735:
3733:
3732:
3728:
3726:
3723:
3721:
3718:
3716:
3713:
3711:
3708:
3706:
3703:
3702:
3700:
3695:
3692:
3690:
3687:
3686:
3683:
3677:
3676:
3672:
3670:
3669:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3658:
3656:
3655:
3651:
3649:
3648:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3639:
3635:
3629:
3628:Holiest sites
3626:
3624:
3623:Judgement Day
3621:
3619:
3618:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3607:
3604:
3602:
3599:
3595:
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3379:
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3333:
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3328:
3326:
3323:
3321:
3318:
3316:
3313:
3311:
3308:
3306:
3303:
3301:
3300:Qard al-Hasan
3298:
3296:
3293:
3291:
3288:
3286:
3283:
3281:
3278:
3276:
3273:
3271:
3268:
3266:
3263:
3261:
3258:
3256:
3253:
3251:
3248:
3246:
3243:
3241:
3238:
3236:
3235:Bai' al 'Inah
3233:
3231:
3228:
3227:
3225:
3223:
3219:
3215:
3208:
3203:
3201:
3196:
3194:
3189:
3188:
3185:
3181:
3175:
3161:
3156:
3152:
3148:
3144:
3139:
3135:
3131:
3126:
3121:
3117:
3114:(in Arabic).
3113:
3109:
3104:
3092:
3088:
3084:
3079:
3068:
3066:9786029208078
3062:
3058:
3057:
3051:
3040:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3009:
2997:
2993:
2989:
2985:
2980:
2969:
2967:9786021974209
2963:
2959:
2958:
2952:
2941:
2937:
2933:
2929:
2925:
2920:
2909:
2907:9781782544159
2903:
2899:
2898:
2892:
2881:
2879:9781118233900
2875:
2871:
2870:
2864:
2854:on 2018-04-03
2850:
2846:
2844:9780521864145
2840:
2833:
2832:
2826:
2825:
2821:
2812:
2808:
2801:
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2753:
2750:
2738:
2734:
2727:
2724:
2719:
2712:
2710:
2706:
2702:
2700:
2693:
2690:
2679:on 2022-02-10
2675:
2668:
2662:
2659:
2655:
2653:
2646:
2643:
2639:. 2009-12-01.
2638:
2631:
2625:
2622:
2618:
2612:
2609:
2605:
2603:
2596:
2594:
2592:
2590:
2586:
2574:
2567:
2564:
2558:
2556:
2552:
2547:
2534:
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2507:
2504:
2499:
2493:
2488:
2485:
2480:
2474:
2473:Al-Harbi 2015
2469:
2466:
2462:
2451:
2449:9796500450896
2445:
2441:
2440:
2432:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2417:
2414:
2410:
2405:
2402:
2399:, p. 4l.
2398:
2397:Karaoğlu 2020
2393:
2390:
2387:, p. 46.
2386:
2381:
2378:
2374:
2369:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2358:Al-Harbi 2017
2354:
2352:
2348:
2344:
2339:
2336:
2331:
2318:
2302:
2295:
2292:
2288:
2283:
2280:
2268:
2266:9783319479378
2262:
2258:
2257:
2249:
2246:
2233:
2229:
2223:
2220:
2208:
2206:9781849807937
2202:
2198:
2197:
2189:
2186:
2174:
2167:
2161:
2158:
2146:
2142:
2136:
2133:
2118:
2117:
2109:
2106:
2102:
2100:
2093:
2091:
2087:
2074:
2070:
2063:
2060:
2049:on 2018-04-03
2045:
2041:
2039:9780521864145
2035:
2028:
2027:
2019:
2016:
2012:
2010:
2003:
2000:
1995:
1994:uaelaws.files
1988:
1982:
1979:
1966:
1962:
1958:
1952:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1942:
1938:
1934:
1932:
1925:
1922:
1911:on 2020-08-02
1910:
1906:
1905:
1900:
1893:
1891:
1889:
1885:
1880:
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1870:
1867:
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1814:
1810:
1803:
1792:
1789:
1782:
1777:
1775:
1771:
1766:
1764:
1758:
1757:writes that:
1756:
1751:
1748:
1744:
1735:
1733:
1730:
1726:
1725:Al-mudharabah
1722:
1720:
1719:al-mudharabah
1716:
1711:
1706:
1704:
1700:
1695:
1692:
1691:al-mudharabah
1688:
1684:
1680:
1676:
1672:
1664:
1660:
1655:
1651:
1648:
1645:
1644:
1640:
1637:
1633:
1629:
1626:
1622:
1619:
1616:
1613:
1612:
1611:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1595:
1592:
1588:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1568:
1566:
1564:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1551:Zafarul Islam
1548:
1544:
1543:Dar-uz Zubayr
1540:
1535:
1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1516:
1514:
1510:
1506:
1502:
1498:
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1404:
1401:
1400:
1396:
1395:
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1388:
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1373:
1372:
1371:
1369:
1365:
1357:
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1340:
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1332:
1328:
1320:
1316:
1315:
1314:
1308:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1294:
1291:
1288:
1284:
1281:
1280:
1279:
1277:
1269:
1266:
1264:
1258:
1256:
1255:
1250:
1246:
1239:Fiqh scholars
1238:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1223:
1220:
1217:
1214:
1211:
1208:
1207:
1206:
1199:
1197:
1193:
1191:
1190:
1183:
1181:
1180:
1175:
1174:
1169:
1168:
1163:
1155:
1151:
1141:
1138:
1130:
1120:
1116:
1110:
1109:
1103:
1098:
1089:
1088:
1078:
1073:
1071:
1066:
1064:
1059:
1058:
1056:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1048:
1041:
1038:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1026:
1025:
1021:
1019:
1018:
1014:
1013:
1010:
1005:
1004:
992:
991:
985:
984:
980:
977:
975:
972:
970:
969:
965:
964:
962:
961:
958:
954:
948:
947:
943:
941:
940:
936:
934:
933:
929:
927:
926:
922:
920:
919:
915:
913:
912:
908:
906:
905:
901:
899:
898:
894:
892:
891:
887:
885:
882:
880:
877:
876:
874:
873:
868:
863:
862:
853:
849:
843:
842:
838:
836:
835:
831:
829:
828:
824:
822:
821:
817:
816:
814:
813:
810:
806:
801:
800:
796:
795:
790:
789:
784:
783:
779:
777:
776:
772:
770:
769:
765:
763:
762:
758:
757:
755:
754:
751:
750:
745:
742:
739:
738:
733:
728:
727:
719:
716:
714:
711:
709:
708:
704:
701:
697:
694:
692:
691:
687:
686:
682:
677:
676:
665:
660:
656:
654:
652:(retaliation)
649:
645:
643:
638:
634:
633:
632:
631:
626:
621:
617:
611:
608:
602:
599:
597:
592:
588:
586:
581:
577:
575:
573:(illicit sex)
570:
566:
564:
559:
555:
553:
550:
548:
547:
543:
542:
541:
540:
535:
530:
529:
517:
516:
512:
510:
509:
505:
503:
502:
498:
496:
495:
491:
489:
488:
484:
482:
481:
477:
475:
474:
470:
468:
467:
463:
462:
460:
459:
456:
452:
443:
442:Breastfeeding
440:
438:
435:
434:
430:
429:
425:
423:
422:
418:
414:
413:
409:
407:
406:
402:
401:
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363:
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355:
350:
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343:
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329:
324:
319:
318:
310:
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302:
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296:
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291:
289:
288:
284:
282:
281:
277:
275:
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264:
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234:
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227:
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220:
219:
215:
212:
211:
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201:
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196:
195:
193:
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189:
188:
183:
180:
179:
174:
171:
170:
165:
160:
159:
155:
153:
152:
148:
141:
140:
136:
134:
133:
128:
127:
125:
124:
123:Sunnah prayer
119:
118:
114:
113:
109:
107:
106:
102:
100:
99:
95:
94:
92:
91:
88:
87:
82:
79:
78:
73:
68:
63:
62:
58:
54:
53:
50:
48:
40:
36:
32:
31:
19:
5944:
5937:
5883:Credit union
5849:
5842:
5823:
5695:Underwriting
5650:Insurability
5632:
5611:Co-insurance
5581:
5577:Cancellation
5456:
5368:Catastrophic
5353:Climate risk
5181:Trade credit
4858:Islamophobia
4733:Christianity
4681:
4614:Contemporary
4508:Architecture
4447:
4413:
4401:
4389:
4347:
4340:
4306:
4288:
4283:Nikah mut'ah
4281:
4274:
4267:
4260:
4253:
4246:
4210:
4198:
4191:
4184:
4177:
4157:
4150:
4144:
4143:
4136:
4049:
3830:
3754:
3736:
3729:
3673:
3666:
3659:
3652:
3645:
3638:Five Pillars
3615:
3581:
3570:God in Islam
3547:
3480:
3473:
3427:Rusni Hassan
3329:
3245:Bai' Muajjal
3179:
3164:. Retrieved
3153:(1): 41–48.
3150:
3146:
3115:
3111:
3095:. Retrieved
3090:
3086:
3070:. Retrieved
3055:
3042:. Retrieved
3020:
3016:
3000:. Retrieved
2996:the original
2991:
2987:
2971:. Retrieved
2956:
2943:. Retrieved
2931:
2927:
2911:. Retrieved
2896:
2883:. Retrieved
2868:
2856:. Retrieved
2849:the original
2830:
2813:. wordpress.
2810:
2789:
2784:
2774:
2768:
2758:
2752:
2740:. Retrieved
2736:
2726:
2717:
2698:
2692:
2681:. Retrieved
2674:the original
2661:
2651:
2645:
2624:
2616:
2611:
2601:
2576:. Retrieved
2566:
2533:cite journal
2506:
2487:
2475:, p. 1.
2468:
2460:
2453:. Retrieved
2438:
2423:, p. 1.
2416:
2404:
2392:
2380:
2343:Tarmizi 2017
2338:
2317:cite journal
2305:. Retrieved
2294:
2282:
2270:. Retrieved
2255:
2248:
2236:. Retrieved
2234:. 2010-09-28
2231:
2222:
2210:. Retrieved
2195:
2188:
2176:. Retrieved
2172:
2160:
2148:. Retrieved
2144:
2135:
2123:. Retrieved
2115:
2108:
2098:
2077:. Retrieved
2072:
2062:
2051:. Retrieved
2044:the original
2025:
2018:
2008:
2002:
1993:
1981:
1969:. Retrieved
1965:the original
1961:takaful.coop
1960:
1930:
1924:
1913:. Retrieved
1909:the original
1902:
1881:. July 2019.
1878:
1869:
1860:
1850:
1825:
1791:
1772:
1768:
1760:
1752:
1742:
1739:
1724:
1723:
1718:
1714:
1709:
1708:In essence,
1707:
1702:
1698:
1696:
1690:
1683:sahib-ul-mal
1682:
1678:
1670:
1668:
1662:
1653:
1649:
1641:
1635:
1631:
1624:
1620:
1614:
1609:
1596:
1574:
1572:
1557:released by
1542:
1536:
1517:
1465:Majmu Fatawa
1461:
1453:
1443:
1427:
1412:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1377:
1361:
1352:
1331:Saudi Arabia
1324:
1312:
1292:
1282:
1273:
1262:
1260:
1252:
1245:Fiqh Academy
1242:
1230:
1227:
1203:
1194:
1187:
1184:
1177:
1176:(usury) and
1171:
1165:
1149:
1148:
1133:
1124:
1105:
1030:
1022:
1015:
989:
966:
944:
937:
930:
923:
916:
909:
902:
895:
888:
839:
833:
832:
825:
818:
797:
786:
780:
773:
766:
759:
747:
705:
688:
658:
647:
636:
619:
614:("sedition")
595:("mischief")
590:
579:
568:
557:
544:
515:Masturbation
513:
506:
499:
492:
485:
478:
471:
464:
426:
419:
410:
403:
378:
371:
364:
357:
346:
306:
299:
292:
285:
278:
271:
231:
223:
216:
209:
197:
185:
176:
167:
156:
149:
137:
130:
121:
110:
103:
96:
84:
75:
46:
5918:Trade union
5873:Cooperative
5546:Uncertainty
5405:Index-based
5373:Multi-peril
5331:Reinsurance
5290:Public auto
5195:Residential
4633:Other areas
4624:Theological
4619:Eschatology
4576:Mathematics
4513:Calligraphy
4443:Theological
4397:Inheritance
4314:Cleanliness
3744:Shi'a Imams
3738:Ahl al-Bayt
3432:Umer Chapra
3097:11 November
3072:20 November
3023:(1): 1–18.
3002:11 November
2742:7 September
2737:icr journal
2650:Jamaldeen,
2455:18 December
2421:Zaroni 2007
2307:15 December
2272:7 September
2238:7 September
2212:7 September
2173:takaful.com
2150:7 September
2097:Jamaldeen,
2079:24 December
1679:ra's-ul-mal
1677:, known as
1671:al-Mudharib
1485:Fundraising
1438:Imam Muslim
1421:Imam Muslim
1393:, Verse 2)
1287:uncertainty
1127:August 2016
1119:introducing
852:Inheritance
799:Bayt al-mal
158:Nafl prayer
5962:Categories
5713:by country
5711:Insurance
5685:Total loss
5606:Deductible
5567:Cash value
5511:Act of God
5496:Insurance
5410:Parametric
5390:Expatriate
5266:Transport/
5232:Landlords'
5217:Earthquake
5105:Whole life
5025:Disability
4788:Ex-Muslims
4683:Shu'ubiyya
4677:Psychology
4665:Literature
4655:Inventions
4601:Philosophy
4409:Leadership
4385:Honorifics
4040:Philosophy
3895:Isma'ilism
3860:Maturidism
3749:Caliphates
3720:Golden Age
3611:Revelation
3475:Iqtisaduna
3386:Gold dinar
3166:6 November
3044:6 November
2973:24 October
2945:6 November
2858:2017-03-09
2773:El-Gamal,
2683:2019-05-01
2492:Islam 1984
2385:Lateh 2016
2073:Doc Player
2053:2017-03-09
2007:El-Gamal,
1915:2016-08-10
1778:References
1715:al-takaful
1663:Mudharabah
1636:Mudharabah
1615:Mudharabah
1569:Modern era
1524:Alexandria
1200:Principles
1102:references
713:Honorifics
562:(gambling)
5859:Syndicate
5825:Collegium
5720:Australia
5675:Risk pool
5645:Indemnity
5616:Copayment
5550:Knightian
5462:Terrorism
5432:Liability
5300:Satellite
5161:Pollution
5085:Term life
4994:insurance
4992:Types of
4985:Insurance
4905:Symbolism
4863:Incidents
4841:Criticism
4738:Mormonism
4640:Astrology
4566:Cosmology
4561:Astronomy
4503:Arabesque
4370:Etiquette
4329:Blasphemy
4119:Economics
3934:Ahmadiyya
3868:Mu'tazili
3856:Ash'arism
3295:Musharaka
3290:Musawamah
3250:Bai Salam
3134:225896422
3039:240627919
2525:243249574
2409:منان 2020
2178:12 August
1971:12 August
1804:Citations
1736:Criticism
1497:investing
1293:Al-Maisir
1283:Al-Gharar
1031:Istijarah
681:Etiquette
624:(stoning)
552:Blasphemy
267:Caliphate
252:Political
5939:Category
5817:§275–277
5735:Pakistan
5583:Pro rata
5472:War risk
5437:No-fault
5348:Casualty
5305:Shipping
5275:Aviation
5252:Renters'
5247:Property
5242:Mortgage
5212:Contents
5186:Umbrella
5146:Fidelity
5114:Business
5010:Accident
4943:Category
4836:Islamism
4819:Muhammad
4775:Apostasy
4750:Hinduism
4650:Feminism
4581:Medicine
4421:Military
4375:Gambling
4324:Apostasy
4319:Criminal
4231:Marriage
4200:Tayammum
4152:Murabaha
4025:Madrasas
4015:Holidays
4005:Clothing
4000:Children
3995:Calendar
3946:Quranism
3900:Alawites
3864:Atharism
3755:Rashidun
3594:In Islam
3589:Muhammad
3405:Scholars
3364:Currency
3335:Tawarruq
3285:Murabaha
3280:Mudaraba
3275:Muamalat
3222:Concepts
2913:26 March
2885:15 March
2125:9 August
1710:tabarru'
1703:tabarru'
1699:tabarru'
1675:premiums
1632:Tabarru'
1625:Tabarru'
1621:Tabarru'
1547:deposits
1532:Ibn Sa'd
1505:interest
1448:Paradise
1387:al-Taqwa
1368:Muhammad
1297:gambling
1189:Muamalat
1034:(asylum)
1009:Military
968:Dhabihah
925:Tayammum
827:Murabaha
732:Economic
534:Criminal
473:Abortion
437:Adoption
394:Polygyny
342:Contract
332:Marriage
204:clothing
139:Tahajjud
35:a series
33:Part of
5864:Benefit
5851:Digesta
5787:History
5521:Actuary
5477:Weather
5467:Tuition
5457:Takaful
5385:Deposit
5315:Vehicle
4890:Nursing
4851:Qutbism
4765:Sikhism
4760:Judaism
4755:Jainism
4591:Physics
4538:Pottery
4523:Gardens
4518:Carpets
4433:Slavery
4355:Divorce
4342:Dhabiĥa
4170:Hygiene
4145:Takaful
4127:Banking
4057:Science
4051:Qurbani
4020:Mosques
3980:Animals
3969:Culture
3917:Zaydism
3905:Alevism
3791:Ottoman
3781:Almohad
3776:Fatimid
3771:Córdoba
3766:Abbasid
3761:Umayyad
3694:Leaders
3689:History
3647:Shahada
3562:Beliefs
3391:Mithqal
3345:Wakalah
3330:Takaful
3270:Istisna
3176:Sources
2779:: p.170
2763:: p.409
2703:: p.405
2656:: p.302
2606:: p.408
2578:24 July
2103:: p.295
2013:: p.147
1935:: p.410
1855:: p.402
1830:: p.403
1687:profits
1654:Al Waqf
1650:Al Waqf
1589:of the
1537:During
1434:Bukhari
1417:Bukhari
1385:and in
1383:al-Birr
1247:of the
1162:Islamic
1158:التكافل
1150:Takaful
1115:improve
990:kashrut
974:Alcohol
957:Dietary
946:Istinja
890:Taharah
867:Hygiene
834:Takaful
809:Banking
785: (
782:Sadaqah
741:History
580:Hirabah
494:Hygiene
428:Kafa'ah
399:Divorce
280:Imamate
228: (
202: (
132:Tarawih
98:Raka'ah
77:Shahada
5740:Serbia
5700:Profit
5572:Broker
5498:policy
5310:Travel
5295:Marine
5202:Boiler
5176:Surety
5020:Dental
5002:Health
4712:
4670:poetry
4480:
4365:Ethics
4349:Dhimmi
4308:Baligh
4269:Mahram
4226:Family
4206:Toilet
4186:Miswak
3939:Lahori
3880:Salafi
3826:Seerah
3821:Tafsir
3816:Hadith
3786:Sokoto
3731:Sahaba
3606:Angels
3583:Tawhid
3540:topics
3376:Dirham
3340:Wadiah
3265:Ijarah
3255:Gharar
3132:
3063:
3037:
2964:
2904:
2876:
2841:
2777:, 2006
2761:, 2013
2757:Khan,
2701:, 2013
2697:Khan,
2654:, 2012
2604:, 2013
2600:Khan,
2523:
2446:
2263:
2203:
2101:, 2012
2036:
2011:, 2006
1933:, 2013
1929:Khan,
1853:, 2013
1849:Khan,
1828:, 2013
1824:Khan,
1643:Wakala
1606:Models
1583:Medina
1575:aquila
1563:Gharar
1509:profit
1489:Sharia
1481:ethics
1429:Mu’min
1397:Hadith
1374:Qur'an
1364:hadith
1263:gharar
1179:gharar
1167:sharia
1154:Arabic
1104:, but
932:Miswak
884:Toilet
879:Sexual
718:Toilet
707:Mahram
700:Purdah
661:
650:
639:
622:
612:
603:
593:
582:
571:
560:
558:Maisir
480:Baligh
455:Sexual
380:Mut‘ah
366:Halala
359:Misyar
323:Family
301:Dhimmi
294:Bay'ah
210:Mut'ah
112:Turbah
67:Ritual
5836:Guild
5730:India
5725:China
5594:Claim
5400:Group
5380:Cyber
5358:Crime
5324:Other
5257:Title
5222:Flood
4824:Quran
4714:Other
4609:Early
4533:Music
4449:Kalam
4403:Jizya
4391:Hudud
4276:Nikah
4193:Najis
4179:Ghusl
4138:Sukuk
4067:Women
4035:Music
4010:Flags
3924:Ibadi
3851:Sunni
3811:Quran
3668:Zakat
3654:Salah
3617:Qadar
3575:Allah
3538:Islam
3467:Works
3446:Other
3371:Dinar
3355:Zakat
3325:Sukuk
3305:Qirad
3260:Hibah
3130:S2CID
3118:(2).
3035:S2CID
2852:(PDF)
2835:(PDF)
2677:(PDF)
2670:(PDF)
2633:(PDF)
2521:S2CID
2169:(PDF)
2120:(PDF)
2047:(PDF)
2030:(PDF)
1990:(PDF)
1783:Notes
1579:Mecca
1513:usury
1501:money
1335:Mecca
1307:usury
1254:haram
1232:haram
1024:Hudna
1017:Jihad
939:Najis
918:Ghusl
911:Masah
897:Ihram
841:Sukuk
775:Khums
768:Nisab
761:Jizya
749:Zakat
648:Qisas
637:Tazir
610:Fitna
591:Fasad
546:Hudud
466:Awrah
421:Iddah
412:Zihar
405:Khula
225:Umrah
218:Tawaf
199:Ihram
178:Zakat
105:Qibla
86:Salah
5809:§234
5531:Risk
5501:and
5363:Crop
5227:Home
5121:Bond
5067:Life
4495:Arts
4426:POWs
4360:Diet
4290:Zina
4262:Mahr
4248:Haya
4212:Wudu
4159:Riba
4072:LGBT
3964:Life
3885:Shia
3875:Sufi
3866:and
3675:Hajj
3661:Sawm
3381:Fals
3350:Waqf
3310:Riba
3230:Aqad
3168:2021
3099:2021
3074:2021
3061:ISBN
3046:2021
3004:2021
2975:2021
2962:ISBN
2947:2021
2915:2015
2902:ISBN
2887:2017
2874:ISBN
2839:ISBN
2744:2017
2619:2010
2580:2016
2546:help
2498:help
2479:help
2457:2021
2444:ISBN
2330:help
2309:2021
2274:2017
2261:ISBN
2240:2017
2214:2017
2201:ISBN
2180:2016
2152:2017
2127:2016
2081:2021
2034:ISBN
1973:2016
1717:and
1661:The
1634:and
1581:and
1499:the
1495:and
1493:loan
1477:Fiqh
1436:and
1419:and
1303:Riba
1173:riba
1164:or
979:Pork
904:Wudu
820:Riba
788:Waqf
690:Adab
659:Diya
620:Rajm
569:Zina
508:Zina
501:Rape
487:Haya
373:Urfi
348:Mahr
308:Aman
232:Hajj
230:and
187:Hajj
169:Sawm
151:Witr
47:fiqh
5503:law
5442:Pet
4236:Sex
4099:Law
3985:Art
3155:doi
3120:doi
3093:(1)
3025:doi
2936:doi
2513:doi
1600:AIG
1507:as
1483:of
1403:God
5964::
5815:;
5811:;
5807:;
3862:,
3858:,
3149:.
3145:.
3128:.
3091:15
3089:.
3085:.
3033:.
3019:.
3015:.
2990:.
2932:10
2930:.
2926:.
2809:.
2797:^
2735:.
2708:^
2635:.
2588:^
2554:^
2537::
2535:}}
2531:{{
2519:.
2459:.
2428:^
2365:^
2350:^
2321::
2319:}}
2315:{{
2230:.
2171:.
2143:.
2089:^
2071:.
1992:.
1959:.
1940:^
1901:.
1887:^
1877:.
1835:^
1812:^
1721:.
1549:.
1534:.
1156::
37:on
5866:/
5548:/
4977:e
4970:t
4963:v
3530:e
3523:t
3516:v
3206:e
3199:t
3192:v
3170:.
3157::
3151:4
3136:.
3122::
3116:4
3101:.
3076:.
3048:.
3027::
3021:6
3006:.
2992:4
2977:.
2949:.
2938::
2917:.
2889:.
2861:.
2746:.
2686:.
2582:.
2548:)
2544:(
2527:.
2515::
2500:)
2481:)
2411:.
2375:.
2332:)
2328:(
2311:.
2276:.
2242:.
2216:.
2182:.
2154:.
2129:.
2083:.
2056:.
1996:.
1975:.
1918:.
1440:)
1423:)
1309:)
1305:(
1299:)
1295:(
1289:)
1285:(
1229:(
1152:(
1140:)
1134:(
1129:)
1125:(
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1076:e
1069:t
1062:v
791:)
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129:(
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