180:
110:
447:
377:
655:
725:
239:
609:
483:
302:
88:
and fears of strategic encirclement by U.S. armed forces. For both sides, the island chain strategy emphasizes the geographical and strategic importance of
768:
309:. Whereas the first three island chains are located in the Pacific Ocean, these two newly proposed ones are in the Indian Ocean, which would reflect the
636:
513:"Communist China's entry into the Korean hostilities and a U.S. proposal for a collective security arrangement in the Pacific offshore island chain"
715:
690:
389:
80:
and military analysts to this day. For the United States, the island chain strategy is a significant part of the force projection of the
179:
173:
65:
613:
488:
720:
549:
269:
As it is located within the middle portion of the West
Pacific, it acts as a second strategic defense line for the United States.
305:, argues that a fourth and a fifth island chain should be added to an overall understanding of Chinese maritime strategy in the
421:
330:
73:
222:, has two different interpretations, but the version most commonly used refers to the island chain which is formed by Japan's
172:
in the southwest. The first island chain forms one of three island chain doctrines within the island chain strategy in the
763:
405:
190:
716:"Geography Matters, Time Collides: Mapping China's Maritime Strategic Space under Xi - Mapping China's Strategic Space"
109:
758:
573:
81:
425:
571:
Yoshihara, Toshi (July 2012). "China's Vision of Its
Seascape: The First Island Chain and Chinese Seapower".
753:
141:
165:
541:
361:
310:
259:
219:
122:
102:
38:
696:
686:
647:
533:
85:
26:
582:
525:
293:, to reach New Zealand. Australia serves as the staple between the second and third chains.
282:
278:
247:
58:
601:
478:
381:
277:
The third island chain is the final part of the strategy. This island chain begins at the
243:
231:
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194:
169:
512:
437:
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34:
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126:
401:
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and runs south across the center of the
Pacific Ocean towards Oceania, through the
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46:
417:
341:
318:
157:
129:
30:
369:
365:
345:
54:
42:
700:
651:
537:
682:
133:
428:
in the early 21st century, China became the major target of the doctrine.
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333:
322:
69:
189:
Much of the first island chain is roughly situated in waters claimed by
529:
442:
409:
153:
413:
161:
149:
89:
301:
The Asia
Maritime Transparency Initiative (AMTI), a group under the
448:
United States foreign policy toward the People's
Republic of China
255:
218:
The second island chain, also called the "second island cloud" by
178:
108:
50:
637:"How the Pentagon thinks about America's strategy in the Pacific"
290:
235:
251:
136:
continental mainland coast. It is principally composed of the
679:
Chinese Naval
Strategy in the 21st Century: The Turn to Mahan
84:
in the Far East. For China, the concept is integral to its
262:. The chain serves as the eastern maritime boundary of the
64:
The "island chain" concept did not become a major theme in
677:
Holmes, James R.; Yoshihara, Toshi (10 September 2012).
360:
and along the entire East
African coastline through the
76:
has remained a major focus of both
American and Chinese
602:"CHINA'S REACH HAS GROWN; SO SHOULD THE ISLAND CHAINS"
479:"CHINA'S REACH HAS GROWN; SO SHOULD THE ISLAND CHAINS"
400:
The primary target of the doctrine was originally the
348:; while the proposed fifth chain would originate from
317:
The proposed fourth chain would include places like
473:
471:
469:
467:
465:
463:
635:
511:
404:; however, additional targets also included the
610:Center for Strategic and International Studies
484:Center for Strategic and International Studies
303:Center for Strategic and International Studies
8:
240:unincorporated American overseas territory
376:) towards South Africa, to encircle the
184:
459:
297:Proposed fourth and fifth island chains
164:, hence extending all the way from the
16:Concept in United States foreign policy
714:Erickson, Andrew S. (1 August 2024).
616:from the original on 17 November 2020
606:Asia Maritime Transparency Initiative
491:from the original on 17 November 2020
7:
600:Vorndick, Wilson (22 October 2018).
125:refers to the first chain of major
728:from the original on 5 August 2024
518:Journal of Northeast Asian Studies
14:
721:National Bureau of Asian Research
658:from the original on 15 June 2023
552:from the original on 29 June 2019
244:a heavily fortified military base
33:plan first conceived by American
587:10.1111/j.1943-0787.2012.01349.x
510:Umetsu, Hiroyuki (1 June 1996).
101:This section is an excerpt from
422:dissolution of the Soviet Union
74:dissolution of the Soviet Union
45:. It proposed surrounding the
1:
769:China–United States relations
574:Asian Politics & Policy
426:China's economic prominence
785:
406:People's Republic of China
117:perimeter (marked in red).
100:
390:China's trade with Africa
61:and restrict sea access.
311:growing Chinese interest
168:in the northeast to the
66:American foreign policy
57:in the West Pacific to
187:
118:
230:, in addition to the
182:
112:
23:island chain strategy
764:Geopolitical rivalry
193:. These include the
185:Second Island Chains
142:Japanese archipelago
41:in 1951, during the
487:. 22 October 2018.
214:Second island chain
174:U.S. foreign policy
166:Kamchatka Peninsula
530:10.1007/BF03028144
378:Chinese naval base
362:Mozambique Channel
273:Third island chain
260:Western New Guinea
258:), and extends to
220:Earl Hancock Ellis
188:
123:first island chain
119:
115:first island chain
103:First island chain
96:First island chain
39:John Foster Dulles
759:Military strategy
692:978-1-135-98176-1
396:Target and events
201:, as well as the
86:maritime security
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738:
737:
735:
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711:
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646:. 15 June 2023.
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372:, including the
331:String of Pearls
283:Hawaiian Islands
279:Aleutian Islands
248:Caroline Islands
156:), the northern
72:, but after the
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329:to disrupt the
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313:in the region.
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232:Mariana Islands
228:Volcano Islands
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195:South China Sea
170:Malay Peninsula
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17:
12:
11:
5:
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581:(3): 293–314.
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438:Bamboo Curtain
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374:Comoro Islands
358:Horn of Africa
350:Camp Lemonnier
298:
295:
287:American Samoa
274:
271:
264:Philippine Sea
234:(most notably
215:
212:
207:Okinawa Trough
203:East China Sea
199:nine-dash line
146:Ryukyu Islands
107:
99:
97:
94:
35:foreign policy
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
781:
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643:The Economist
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524:(2): 98–118.
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388:and sabotage
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224:Bonin Islands
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197:, within the
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138:Kuril Islands
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132:out from the
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95:
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87:
83:
82:U.S. military
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67:
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59:project power
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52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
32:
28:
24:
19:
730:. Retrieved
719:
709:
678:
672:
660:. Retrieved
641:
630:
618:. Retrieved
605:
595:
578:
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566:
554:. Retrieved
521:
517:
505:
493:. Retrieved
482:
424:in 1991 and
420:. After the
402:Soviet Union
399:
354:Gulf of Aden
340:such as the
338:Persian Gulf
336:towards the
327:Diego Garcia
315:
307:Indo-Pacific
300:
276:
268:
217:
205:west of the
130:archipelagos
120:
114:
78:geopolitical
63:
47:Soviet Union
22:
20:
18:
754:Geopolitics
620:12 November
495:12 November
418:North Korea
342:Gwadar Port
319:Lakshadweep
246:), western
158:Philippines
68:during the
55:naval bases
31:containment
748:Categories
454:References
370:Madagascar
366:Mozambique
346:Hambantota
183:First and
134:East Asian
43:Korean War
37:statesman
701:811506562
683:Routledge
652:0013-0613
546:150794431
538:1874-6284
364:(between
334:waypoints
29:maritime
27:strategic
732:5 August
726:Archived
656:Archived
614:Archived
550:Archived
489:Archived
432:See also
386:Djibouti
323:Maldives
70:Cold War
662:16 June
556:19 June
443:Rimland
410:Vietnam
382:Doraleh
352:in the
154:Formosa
127:Pacific
699:
689:
650:
544:
536:
414:Russia
321:, the
162:Borneo
160:, and
150:Taiwan
144:, the
140:, the
90:Taiwan
542:S2CID
256:Palau
242:with
238:, an
191:China
53:with
51:China
25:is a
734:2024
697:OCLC
687:ISBN
664:2023
648:ISSN
622:2020
558:2020
534:ISSN
497:2020
416:and
368:and
344:and
325:and
291:Fiji
289:and
254:and
236:Guam
226:and
121:The
113:The
49:and
21:The
583:doi
526:doi
380:at
252:Yap
750::
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718:.
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685:.
681:.
654:.
640:.
612:.
608:.
604:.
577:.
548:.
540:.
532:.
522:15
520:.
516:.
481:.
462:^
412:,
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392:.
384:,
285:,
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176:.
148:,
92:.
736:.
703:.
666:.
624:.
589:.
585::
579:4
560:.
528::
499:.
250:(
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152:(
105:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
