20:
45:
680:
872:
257:—where it is labelled "The Island of the Jewel, and its mountains encircle it like a basket" or "like scales"—and in other medieval Arabian and Persian texts.
601:
277:
99:
411:
811:
590:
425:
394:
119:
61:
33:
755:
212:
of the AD 1037 manuscript of al-Khwārizmī—including that of the Island of the Jewel—are the oldest surviving maps from the
221:
703:
237:
187:
847:
822:
607:
224:
for its coast, three cities, its surrounding chain of mountains, and two summits on the interior. It lies in the
168:
717:"Al-Huwârizmî e il suo rifacimento della Geografia di Tolomeo [Al-Khwārizmī and His Remaking of Ptolemy's
253:
179:
765:
Rapoport, Yossef; et al. (December 2004), "Medieval
Islamic View of the Cosmos: The Newly Discovered
415:
261:
171:
175:
625:
Der Osten nach der
Erdkarte al-Ḫuwārizmīs: Beiträge zur historischen Geographie und Geschichte Asiens
734:
148:
53:
716:
634:
389:. Qiraat. Vol. 8. Riyadh: King Faisal Center for research and Islamic Studies. p. 11.
124:
57:
28:
807:
795:
782:
751:
662:
586:
580:
421:
390:
195:
774:
654:
229:
209:
24:
830:
431:
225:
164:
128:
103:
88:
73:
420:. Washington, DC: Arthur M. Sackler Gallery, Smithsonian Institution. pp. 221–227.
241:
866:
44:
199:
132:
49:
19:
131:
without being able to explain what might lay on the imagined eastern shore of the
658:
245:
699:
191:
152:
804:
Cartography in
Antiquity and the Middle Ages: Fresh Perspectives, New Methods
786:
666:
778:
216:. Al-Khwārizmī gave the Island of the Jewel as the easternmost point of the
748:
A Sea
Discovered: Pre-Columbian Conceptions and Depictions of the Atlantic
384:
236:) and east of the still larger phantom peninsula—now usually known as the
233:
183:
156:
64:, showing the Island of the Jewel lying beyond the far eastern peninsula.
773:, vol. 41, London: British Cartographic Society, pp. 253–259,
217:
111:
107:
414:. In Krahl, Regina; Guy, John; Wilson, J. Keith; Raby, Julian (eds.).
857:, vol. II, Chicago: University of Chicago Press, pp. 90–107
265:
140:
220:. His gazetteer is divided by categories but altogether he provides
582:
Routes & Realms: The Power of Place in the Early
Islamic World
160:
136:
43:
18:
213:
144:
848:"4 · The Beginnings of a Cartographic Tradition"
693:
Kitāb Ṣūrat al-Arḍ, The Book of the
Description of the Earth
631:
Rekonstruktion der Karte, Interpretation der Karte: Südasien
167:
traditionally credit the founding of their community to the
330:
328:
559:
557:
469:
467:
465:
463:
606:, Oxford: Oxford Digital Library, 2011, archived from
240:— Its center was given at 173° east of al-Khwārizmī's
174:
as early as the 7th century. Muslim merchants such as
544:
542:
16:
Semi-legendary island in medieval Arabic cartography
806:, Leiden: Koninklijke Brill NV, pp. 133–134,
653:, vol. 55, London: Routledge, pp. 7–24,
186:in 760. These connections showed al-Khwārizmī and
127:around 833. Ptolemy's map ended at 180° E. of the
412:"Gold and Silver Wares on the Belitung Shipwreck"
251:It subsequently appeared in the world map of the
260:It is now typically identified with one of the
27:of the Island of the Jewel from the 1037 MS of
649:: A Newly Discovered Series of Islamic Maps",
178:established sizable expatriate communities; a
674:
417:Shipwrecked: Tang Treasures and Monsoon Winds
8:
686:
681:Abū ‘Abdallāh Muḥammad ibn Mūsā al-Khwārizmī
485:
319:
278:Geography and cartography in medieval Islam
563:
533:
497:
473:
454:
386:The earliest Muslim communities in China
370:
346:
334:
190:that the Indian Ocean was not closed as
873:Geography in the medieval Islamic world
600:"The Treasures: An Islamic world map",
521:
509:
312:
289:
194:and Ptolemy had held but opened either
794:Rapoport, Yossef; et al. (2008),
729:, vol. Series 4, Vol. II, Pt. 1:
725:Atti della Reale Accademia dei Lincei
358:
548:
182:of Arabs and Persians is recorded at
7:
750:, Ann Arbor: University of Toronto,
645:Johns, Jeremy; et al. (2003), "
120:Book of the Description of the Earth
34:Book of the Description of the Earth
687:
675:
633:, Bonn: Oriental Department of the
585:, Oxford: Oxford University Press,
110:, forming the eastern limit of the
92:
77:
14:
704:National & University Library
98:) was a semi-legendary island in
715:Nallino, Carlo Alfonso (1896),
676:عبد الله محمد بن موسى الخوارزمی
800:and a Unique Map of the World"
1:
823:"#256: Martellus' World Maps"
733:, Rome: V. Salviucci for the
296:Sometimes also translated as
248:and 2° north of the equator.
846:Tibbetts, Gerald R. (1987),
746:Olshin, Benjamin B. (1994),
117:It is first attested in the
659:10.1080/0308569032000095451
106:(Bahr az-Zulamat) near the
100:medieval Arabic cartography
889:
228:near the equator, east of
623:Daunicht, Hubert (1968),
603:Treasures of the Bodleian
188:other Islamic geographers
151:subsequently reached the
833:: Henry Davis Consulting
771:The Cartographic Journal
779:10.1179/000870404X13841
647:The Book of Curiosities
135:or beyond the lands of
39:(North is to the left.)
855:History of Cartography
579:Antrim, Zayde (2012),
65:
41:
821:Siebold, Jim (2011),
735:Royal Lincean Academy
410:Qi, Dongfang (2010).
102:, said to lie in the
54:modern reconstruction
47:
22:
180:large-scale massacre
827:Cartographic Images
798:Book of Curiosities
767:Book of Curiosities
486:al-Khwārizmī (1037)
457:, pp. 127–128.
320:al-Khwārizmī (1037)
254:Book of Curiosities
172:Saʿd ibn Abi Waqqas
85:Island of Sapphires
70:Island of the Jewel
635:University of Bonn
262:Indonesian islands
66:
42:
813:978-90-04-16663-9
706:as its Codex 4247
592:978-0-19-991387-9
488:, 7–8, 40–42, 83.
427:978-1-58834-305-5
396:978-603-8206-39-3
383:Wan, Lei (2017).
210:chorographic maps
81:Jazīrat al-Jawhar
880:
858:
852:
841:
840:
838:
816:
789:
760:
742:
738:
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513:
507:
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489:
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443:
442:
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430:. Archived from
407:
401:
400:
380:
374:
368:
362:
356:
350:
344:
338:
332:
323:
317:
301:
294:
230:Golden Peninsula
96:Jazīrat al-Yāqūt
94:
79:
48:A detail of the
40:
25:chorographic map
888:
887:
883:
882:
881:
879:
878:
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863:
862:
850:
845:
836:
834:
820:
814:
793:
764:
758:
745:
740:
737:, pp. 4–53
714:
709:
688:كتاب صورة الأرض
683:] (1037) ,
673:
644:
639:
629:, vol. I:
622:
613:
611:
610:on 2 March 2015
599:
593:
578:
575:
570:
564:Rapoport (2004)
562:
555:
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534:Rapoport (2008)
532:
528:
520:
516:
508:
504:
498:Rapoport (2008)
496:
492:
484:
480:
474:Bodleian (2011)
472:
461:
455:Rapoport (2008)
453:
449:
440:
438:
434:
428:
409:
408:
404:
397:
382:
381:
377:
371:Rapoport (2008)
369:
365:
357:
353:
347:Daunicht (1968)
345:
341:
335:Tibbetts (1987)
333:
326:
318:
314:
310:
305:
304:
295:
291:
286:
274:
226:Sea of Darkness
218:inhabited world
205:
165:Chinese Muslims
129:Fortunate Isles
112:inhabited world
104:Sea of Darkness
38:
17:
12:
11:
5:
886:
884:
876:
875:
865:
864:
861:
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743:
712:
671:
642:
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597:
591:
574:
571:
569:
568:
553:
538:
536:, p. 125.
526:
522:Nallino (1896)
514:
510:Siebold (2011)
502:
500:, p. 133.
490:
478:
459:
447:
426:
402:
395:
375:
373:, p. 137.
363:
361:, p. 171.
351:
339:
337:, p. 105.
324:
311:
309:
306:
303:
302:
288:
287:
285:
282:
281:
280:
273:
270:
242:prime meridian
149:Roman missions
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
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871:
870:
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757:9780315973237
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648:
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632:
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621:
609:
605:
604:
598:
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588:
584:
583:
577:
576:
572:
565:
560:
558:
554:
550:
545:
543:
539:
535:
530:
527:
524:, p. 41.
523:
518:
515:
511:
506:
503:
499:
494:
491:
487:
482:
479:
475:
470:
468:
466:
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437:on 2021-05-04
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367:
364:
360:
359:Antrim (2012)
355:
352:
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331:
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279:
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271:
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258:
256:
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249:
247:
243:
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238:Dragon's Tail
235:
231:
227:
223:
219:
215:
214:Islamic world
211:
206:
203:
201:
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
170:
166:
162:
158:
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
130:
126:
122:
121:
115:
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109:
105:
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93:جزيرة الياقوت
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78:جزيرة الجوهرة
75:
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835:, retrieved
826:
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741:(in Italian)
730:
727:
724:
718:
696:
692:
684:
650:
646:
630:
627:
624:
612:, retrieved
608:the original
602:
581:
549:Johns (2003)
529:
517:
505:
493:
481:
450:
439:. Retrieved
432:the original
416:
405:
385:
378:
366:
354:
342:
315:
298:Jewel Island
297:
292:
259:
252:
250:
207:
204:
133:Indian Ocean
125:al-Khwārizmī
123:compiled by
118:
116:
95:
84:
80:
69:
67:
58:al-Khwārizmī
50:Indian Ocean
32:
29:al-Khwārizmī
710:(in Arabic)
651:Imago Mundi
640:(in German)
322:, fol. 11b.
246:west Africa
222:coordinates
700:Strasbourg
698:, held by
573:References
441:2021-03-05
192:Hipparchus
787:0008-7041
719:Geography
667:0308-5694
308:Citations
208:The four
169:Companion
153:Han court
62:world map
867:Category
837:15 March
614:14 March
272:See also
264:or with
234:Malaysia
196:narrowly
184:Yangzhou
176:Soleiman
157:Longbian
731:Memorie
200:broadly
108:equator
52:from a
831:Oviedo
810:
785:
754:
721:]"
665:
589:
424:
393:
266:Taiwan
163:) and
141:Serica
89:Arabic
74:Arabic
851:(PDF)
796:"The
695:]
679:[
435:(PDF)
284:Notes
161:Hanoi
137:Sinae
83:) or
839:2015
808:ISBN
783:ISSN
752:ISBN
663:ISSN
616:2015
587:ISBN
422:ISBN
391:ISBN
244:off
155:via
145:Asia
139:and
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
