178:
361:
290:, along with a ten meter wide strip on the eastern shore, within the British Mandate. The French Mandate ended in 1946 with the independence of the Republic of Syria, and Syria demanded changes to the border to allow for greater access to fresh water sources, demands the British refused on the basis that the border had been submitted and approved to the
249:
became the only state to recognize the Golan
Heights as Israeli sovereign territory, while the rest of the international community continues to consider the territory Syrian held under Israeli military occupation. Israeli officials had lobbied the United States into recognizing "Israeli sovereignty"
438:
In March 2019, the United States, which previously considered the Golan
Heights to be occupied, became the first country to recognize Israeli sovereignty over the territory it has held since 1967. The US recognition was lobbied by Israeli officials. The rest of the international community continues
286:. The border, drawn in 1923, was the first international border between Syria and Palestine and to date is the last, with the remaining boundaries since then having been a result of armistice agreements. The boundary placed the entirety of the
430:
The international community, with the exception of Israel and the United States, regards the Golan to be Syrian territory held under
Israeli occupation. A number of states recognize the Israeli occupation as being legitimate under the
314:, where the border as delineated by the British and the French was ten meters east of the shoreline. In the armistice negotiations that followed the declaration of a ceasefire, that ten meter strip was included in a
244:
which condemned the
Israeli actions to change the status of the territory declaring them "null and void and without international legal effect", and that the Golan remained an occupied territory. In 2019, the
334:, which called on Israel to withdraw from territories occupied in the war in exchange for the termination of all states of belligerency and recognition of Israel as a sovereign state by the Arab states. The
310:, resulted in the newly formed state of Israel in control over roughly 77% of what had been the territory of the British Mandate. Syria had however advanced to the eastern shoreline of the
55:
1161:
339:
415:
331:
241:
165:
213:. The international community, with the exception of Israel and the United States, considers the Golan Heights to be Syrian territory held by Israel under
1231:
613:
111:
144:
48:
342:
between Israel and Syria. Syria has continued to insist on the return of the Golan in any negotiated peace agreement between the two countries.
1267:
139:
407:. While the law did not use the term annexation, it was considered to be an annexation by the Israeli opposition and international community.
1262:
1100:
1041:
998:
949:
915:
830:
788:
754:
720:
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99:
116:
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330:, Israel captured and occupied a majority of the Golan Heights from Syria. Following the war, the United Nations Security Council passed
307:
94:
41:
1136:
1080:
783:. Praeger Security International Published in cooperation with the Center for Strategic and International Studies. p. 222.
523:
440:
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Charter on a self-defense basis, but do not consider those concerns to allow for the annexation of territory seized by force.
411:
237:
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87:
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64:
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121:
583:
303:
267:
419:
279:
853:
Zacher, Mark (1 June 2001). "The
Territorial Integrity Norm: International Boundaries and the Use of Force".
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338:
saw further territorial gains by Israel, though Israel agreed to return to the 1967 ceasefire line in the
335:
275:
271:
104:
444:
218:
214:
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1117:
886:
878:
351:
315:
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1098:(January 1990). "Prolonged Military Occupation: The Israeli-Occupied Territories Since 1967".
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1072:
The Right of
Conquest: The Acquisition of Territory by Force in International Law and Practice
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17:
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to view the territory as Syrian, held under
Israeli occupation. The European members of the
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862:
232:
in 1981, which applied
Israeli law to the territory; a move that has been described as an
391:
As of 2019, the population of
Israeli settlements in the Golan Heights was over 25,000.
528:
432:
311:
287:
263:
177:
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declaring the law "null and void and without international legal effect" and that the
360:
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443:
issued a joint statement condemning the US announcement and the UN Secretary-General
246:
190:
182:
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issued a statement saying that the status of the Golan
Heights had not changed. The
644:. Routledge Studies in Middle Eastern Politics. Taylor & Francis. p. 235.
452:
198:
1162:"Trump recognizes Golan Heights as Israeli, boosting Netanyahu and angering Syria"
1135:
Pileggi, Tamar; Winer, Stuart; Newman, Marissa; Bachner, Michael (28 March 2019).
217:. Following the war, Syria dismissed any negotiations with Israel as part of the
678:
Atlas of the Near East: State Formation and the Arab-Israeli Conflict, 1918-2010
448:
327:
259:
210:
33:
866:
746:
Conflict and Peace Building in Divided Societies: Responses to Ethnic Violence
233:
874:
798:
825:. Israeli History, Politics and Society. Taylor & Francis. p. 234.
822:
Ralph Bunche and the Arab-Israeli Conflict: Mediation and the UN, 1947-1949
641:
The Golan Heights: Political History, Settlement and Geography since 1949
614:"GOP lawmakers introduce bill recognizing Israeli sovereignty over Golan"
282:
were two such mandates, with the border finalized between the two in the
1121:
882:
400:
225:
29:
International legal status of the plateau near the Israel–Syria border
202:
194:
1113:
1232:"Trump formally recognises Israeli sovereignty over Golan Heights"
206:
176:
780:
Israel and Syria : the military balance and prospects of war
584:"Trump's Golan move unites Gulf States and Iran in condemnation"
1188:"U.N. chief clear that Golan status has not changed: spokesman"
1137:"US redrawing official maps to include Golan as part of Israel"
37:
556:"Trump acceptance of Israeli control of Golan sparks protests"
410:
The action was condemned internationally, and in response the
355:
941:
Syria and Iran: Middle Powers in a Penetrated Regional System
422:
continued to apply to the Golan as an occupied territory.
495:"United Nations General Assembly Resolution A/RES/78/77"
372:
224:
The Golan was under military administration until the
938:
Ehteshami, Anoushiravan; Hinnebusch, Raymond (2002).
1207:"Security Council Denounces Trump's Golan Decision"
907:
The Brink of Peace: The Israeli-Syrian Negotiations
153:
132:
73:
524:"This Week in History: The Arab League Three No's"
455:'s recognition does not change the area's status.
989:. In Thomas M. Wilson and Hastings Donnan (ed.).
987:"17: Identity, the State and Borderline Disorder"
712:Israel And Syria: Peace And Security On The Golan
861:(2). Cambridge University Press (CUP): 231–232.
294:and Britain thus considered the matter closed.
416:United Nations Security Council Resolution 497
1075:, Oxford University Press, pp. 262–264,
49:
8:
993:. John Wiley & Sons. pp. 307–308.
270:under the control of one of the victorious
944:. Taylor & Francis. pp. 160–161.
910:. Princeton University Press. p. 28.
670:
668:
262:, portions of the former territory of the
56:
42:
34:
1064:
1062:
1060:
181:Historical borders and boundaries of the
486:
971:Israeli Ministry of Foreign Affairs.
607:
605:
451:denounced the US move, declaring that
352:Israeli settlement § Demographics
1101:American Journal of International Law
749:. Taylor & Francis. p. 129.
578:
576:
7:
715:. Taylor & Francis. p. 27.
612:Wilner, Michael (28 February 2019).
549:
547:
308:Israel's declaration of independence
1033:The International Law of Occupation
1069:Korman, Sharon (31 October 1996),
1018:UN Security Council Resolution 497
25:
1205:Fassihi, Farnaz (28 March 2019).
985:Rabinowitz, Dan (28 March 2012).
399:On 14 December 1981 the Israeli
359:
441:United Nations Security Council
412:United Nations Security Council
238:United Nations Security Council
112:Displacement in East Jerusalem
88:Occupied Palestinian Territory
18:Israeli-occupied Golan Heights
1:
1268:Military occupations of Syria
991:A Companion to Border Studies
554:Aji, Albert (26 March 2019).
276:British Mandate for Palestine
105:Enclaves within the West Bank
1263:History of the Golan Heights
1014:Council on Foreign Relations
470:Israeli-occupied territories
340:1974 disengagement agreement
66:Israeli-occupied territories
904:Rabinovich, Itamar (2009).
777:Cordesman, Anthony (2008).
254:British and French Mandates
193:are a rocky plateau in the
140:Southern Lebanon occupation
1289:
855:International Organization
349:
318:as Israel had argued for.
268:League of Nations mandates
145:Sinai Peninsula occupation
867:10.1162/00208180151140568
322:Six-Day War and aftermath
284:Paulet–Newcombe Agreement
420:Fourth Geneva Convention
280:French Mandate for Syria
161:Jordan Valley annexation
81:Golan Heights occupation
1030:Benvenisti, E. (2012).
819:Ben-Dror, Elad (2015).
743:Oberschall, A. (2007).
709:Capinera, John (2019).
266:was split into several
1273:Israel–Syria relations
681:. Brill. p. 114.
638:Kipnis, Yigal (2013).
475:Israel–Syria relations
186:
675:Balanche, F. (2017).
336:1973 Arab-Israeli War
304:1948 Arab–Israeli War
201:that was captured by
180:
117:Gaza Strip occupation
250:over the territory.
166:West Bank annexation
100:Oslo II Accord areas
95:West Bank occupation
1141:The Times of Israel
426:International views
298:Post-mandate period
242:UNSC Resolution 497
240:unanimously passed
236:. In response, the
219:Khartoum Resolution
215:military occupation
122:Gaza Strip blockade
618:The Jerusalem Post
504:. 11 December 2023
371:. You can help by
316:demilitarized zone
187:
1236:www.aljazeera.com
1043:978-0-19-163957-9
1000:978-1-118-25525-4
973:Golan Heights Law
951:978-1-134-73021-6
917:978-1-4008-2265-2
832:978-1-317-65470-4
790:978-0-313-35520-2
756:978-1-134-12814-3
722:978-0-429-71086-5
688:978-90-04-34518-8
651:978-1-136-74092-3
465:Borders of Israel
405:Golan Heights Law
395:Golan Heights Law
389:
388:
306:, which followed
292:League of Nations
230:Golan Heights Law
174:
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16:(Redirected from
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1194:. 25 March 2019.
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373:adding to it
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326:In the 1967
325:
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209:in the 1967
199:Western Asia
188:
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31:
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449:Arab League
403:passed the
380:August 2024
346:Settlements
328:Six-Day War
260:World War I
228:passed the
211:Six-Day War
1257:Categories
536:4 December
508:24 January
481:References
258:Following
234:annexation
197:region of
133:Historical
1108:(1): 60.
891:154890372
875:1531-5088
799:615600412
588:France 24
1216:29 March
1172:25 March
957:29 March
923:29 March
838:29 March
804:29 March
762:29 March
728:29 March
694:29 March
657:29 March
623:1 August
594:31 March
565:29 March
459:See also
278:and the
154:Proposed
1241:2 April
1192:Reuters
1166:Reuters
1146:2 April
1122:2203016
1049:1 April
883:3078631
414:passed
401:Knesset
226:Knesset
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195:Levant
1118:JSTOR
887:S2CID
879:JSTOR
498:(PDF)
453:Trump
207:Syria
205:from
1243:2019
1218:2019
1174:2019
1148:2019
1077:ISBN
1051:2019
1038:ISBN
995:ISBN
959:2019
946:ISBN
925:2019
912:ISBN
871:ISSN
840:2019
827:ISBN
806:2019
795:OCLC
785:ISBN
764:2019
751:ISBN
730:2019
717:ISBN
696:2019
683:ISBN
659:2019
646:ISBN
625:2024
596:2019
567:2019
538:2017
510:2024
302:The
189:The
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