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1074:(Earth Observing System Data and Information System). The Node was established in October 1996 as a part of the cooperation agreement between the director of NASA and the director of ISA. It is the only team in the country which focuses on collecting and preserving environmental information in Israel. The ISA-MEIDA was established in order to create and maintain an Earth observing data center available through the Internet to the research community and to the general public free of charge.
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than 200 square degrees, alternating every six months between the southern and northern hemisphere. The satellite will orbit the Earth from an altitude of about 300 km above the geosynchronous orbit, getting a ‘ride’ as a secondary payload in the fairing of the rocket carrying a communications satellite. A joint
American-Israeli proposal for this project was submitted to NASA by a team from Caltech/JPL (
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1308:. It will integrate radar observations with observations in the visible infrared and ultraviolet. In October 2015 a memorandum of understanding was signed, and the system is slated to become fully operational in 2021. The project is expected to cost over $ 200 million, with the cost being split evenly between the two countries.
1078:
Sensing Data from NASA and NOAA satellites, and data from other sources such as meteorological RADAR and readings from meteorological stations. Information collected by the system is critical for environmental and water related research, especially in light of the drastic global environmental changes and global warming.
1767:. The Mabat facility is responsible for the experiment and integration center, the ground monitoring, and the control stations and the remote satellites receiving stations. Many of the high-tech companies are involved in the various space programs in Israel, and in manufacturing sub-systems and components.
1077:
This research, headed by Pinhas Alpert, is funded by the ISA as a part of the Space
Scientific and Technological Infrastructure Development program. The node is integrated with NASA's Global Information System which includes Earth Observing Science Data and Information System. It also contains Remote
1500:
The ISA has conducted a number of experiments, both crewed and uncrewed, in collaboration with NASA using the Space
Shuttle. In October 1996, NASA and ISA signed an agreement for joint cooperation in the peaceful use of space - an agreement designed to develop cooperative programs of mutual interest
1382:
between 2020 and 2021. The radiation environment beyond Earth's protective atmosphere is a significant impediment to human space travel. The AstroRad is a protective vest that provides mobile shielding from high energy radiation. MARE offers a unique opportunity to measure tissue dose deposition and
1743:
in Dubai, in
October 2021, Israel and the UAE ministers of science and technology announced plans for cooperation on the mission. Said Kahn to the Global Investment Forum in Dubai, "It would be wonderful if we could develop a space program that would be a combination of Israel and the Arab world,
1035:
The goal of the center is to monitor and forecast dangerous meteorological and space phenomena. This includes solar radiation storms and shockwaves between very powerful stars creating magnetic storms. These phenomena can endanger electronic systems in satellites and space shuttles, the astronauts'
1251:
but a field of view more than 1000 times larger. It is also planned to have a detection rate for transient in the UV of more than 30 times greater than that of GALEX. The ULTRASAT is planned to be developed in just 3–4 years and relatively low cost. ULTRASAT will observe a large patch of sky, more
1207:
in Dubai, in
October 2021, Israel and the UAE ministers of science and technology announced plans for cooperation on the mission. They plan to examine phenomena related to Earth resources, precision agriculture, desertification, and monitoring of bodies of water, and climate change– issues common
1580:
osteoblast cultures were grown in microgravity, using specialized hardware. The space-grown osteoblastic cells were then compared with the Earth-grown osteoblastic cells. The research revealed numerous changes between the two cells. The microgravity cells showed lower proliferation rate, a lower
944:
The ISA is responsible for funding a large set of university research projects and governmental projects. The goal is to boost space related research and development in the academic arena. The Israel Space Agency strives to promote space research and space technology development as a part of the
1160:
The propulsion system, funded by the ISA, is fueled by cold gas and is constructed of four high-pressure canisters with pyrotechnic activation. The system can produce both linear acceleration and torque needed to perform slosh research. It is specifically designed to overcome the severe volume
317:
that the project proceed to its next phase. In 1982, a new recommendation called "Ofeq
Program" was submitted for developing an observation satellite. The program included timelines, planning for a ground station, budget estimates, and personnel requirements. The primary goal was to develop a
828:
The development of the Shavit began in 1983 and its operational capabilities were proven on three successful launches of the Ofek satellites on
September 19, 1988; April 3, 1990; and April 5, 1995. The Shavit launchers allows low-cost and high-reliability launch of micro/mini satellites to a
773:
The TechSAR satellite is a reconnaissance satellite equipped with a synthetic aperture radar. The satellite is designed penetrate thick clouds by being fitted with a large dish-like antenna to transmit and receive radar signals. The satellite was successfully launched on
January 21, 2008.
1791:(IAI) is Israel's prime aerospace and aviation manufacturer, producing aerial systems for both military and civilian usage. IAI entered the space race in the 1990s and has since been responsible for the development of most Israel's civilian and military satellites, particularly the
1681:
and Israel Space Agency was signed making Israel a member of the NASA Center for Moon
Research and promote cooperation between the two agencies. The INLSE hopes to bring its technical and engineering expertise for the sake of advancing the broad goals of lunar science at the
1557:
experiment designed to determine if mice embryo cells could develop normally in microgravity conditions in space. The outcome of the experiment was expected to help the understanding of early embryo cell development which would provide an insight into the possibilities of
1770:
The TAUVEX was spun off as DAVID, a small telescope with a resolution of about five meters. It is currently being developed jointly by an
Israeli hi-tech firm and a German firm. Many smaller university-related commercial products are being developed across the state.
1216:
OPsat is a next generation high resolution optical observation satellite for reconnaissance purposes. It is designed to be a 300 kilograms (660 lb) satellite capable of detecting objects of about 50 centimeters in diameter. It will be equipped with a camera with
1104:
satellite but due to a mis-match between the capabilities of the launched and the mass of the satellite, ISRO decided unilaterally to remove TAUVEX from GSAT-4. The telescope ended up in a limbo of constant delays. In 2012 ISA decided to terminate the TAUVEX project.
1100:. It was eventually designed and constructed for the university by El-Op. TAUVEX is a cluster of three bore-sighted 20-cm telescopes for observation in the ultra-violet funded by the Israel Space Agency. It was due to be launched by India on board the ISRO satellite
358:, suspended all work, and advocated the winding down of all projects, and planned to transfer the released financial resources to fulfill more priority tasks, he said. But his opinion did not become dominant in the defense department, and in 1984, Defense Minister
49:
1811:
in 2000, is the country's largest research and development company for space-qualified cameras and advanced telescopes that deal with various panchromatic, dual band, multi and super spectral wavelength applications. It is Israel's Center of Excellence for space
297:. The committee was formed to increase research activities across the academic communities in Israel. While at the time establishing a space program was not particularly one of its goals, during the 1960s through the late 1970s, the committee developed the
1599:. The tests included the thinning effect of space on mouse bones. Additionally the process of calcium loss in the mouse bone was later compared to what happened in Glenn's body and effectiveness of a calcium-vitamin D supplement against osteoporosis.
1183:
The Vegetation and Environment monitoring on a New Micro-Satellite (VENμS) is a satellite to be used for Earth observation using a superspectral sensor, dedicated to vegetation monitoring. It is the first cooperation between Israel (ISA) and France
520:
80 million to boost the agency's space activities in research and development. The budget does not include launch vehicle development and most satellite programs. Typically such programs get funded on a project-by-project basis. For example,
1723:. To win, they must have been the first to launch, fly, and land the spacecraft on the Moon then transmit live video feed back to Earth. The team intended to donate the prize, about $ 30 million, toward space education, if they won it.
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1192:
scientific objective is "the provision of data for scientific studies dealing with the monitoring, analysis, and modeling of land surface functioning under the influences of environmental factors as well as human activities."
1676:
The Israel Network for Lunar Science and Exploration (INLSE) program was established by the Israeli Space Agency part of an international effort to study the Moon and the Solar System. In January 2010 a joint declaration by
338:
to establish an Israeli Space Agency with the goal of advancing Israel's space program, unlike the NCSR which was primarily used for feasibility and infrastructure studies. In July 1983, the ISA was officially founded in
334:, and former director Aharon Beit Halahmi. The initial goal was to pursue the program to develop to Ofeq and the Shavit launchers. In January 1983, the Israeli government authorized the Minister of Science and Technology
308:
Following political tension with Egypt and Syria, reconnaissance flights became evermore difficult. In 1979, a satellite program was proposed followed by a year of feasibility study. The study was completed by late 1980;
4695:
896:. This is done in order to avoid flying over hostile territories. This is also to prevent possible debris from falling above populated areas. This limitation imposes a penalty of roughly 30% on its lifting capabilities.
318:
satellite program without relying on any foreign know-how, to allow flexibility and creativity. The launcher would be developed by Malam, the two engines by the Israel Military Industries (IMI), and the third by Rafael.
1925:
4612:
833:. The Shavit launcher is developed by Malam factory, one of four factories in the IAI Electronics Group. The factory is very experienced in development, assembling, testing and operating system for use in space.
409:; the lever for technological progress; the key to existing in a modern society; essential for developing an economy based on knowledge; and the central attraction for scientific and qualified human resources."
1324:. SAMSON consists of three nano-satellites in formation flying to demonstrate high precision geo-location of civilian signals from the ground for rescue purposes. SAMSON is planned to implement and demonstrate
2145:
1123:, was launched on July 10, 1998. The satellite was a great success, operating for over 11 years - setting a world record for the longest university satellite mission. The mission was completed in April 2010.
1004:. The telescope facilitated the discovery of several tens of new asteroids and is now intensely used to study asteroid rotation and asteroid pair properties. Following the cessation of funding from ISA, the
4174:
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The Israel Space Agency, Israeli industry, and the academy are all heavily involved in all the different stages of planning, development, construction, launching, and operating of space programs.
5423:
5384:
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The Israeli Space Agency has sponsored the first Israeli effort to land a spacecraft on the Moon. Additionally the ISA has been collaborating with NASA about future lunar research programs.
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3684:
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of its own, since the mid-1990s there has been a cooperation agreement between the Israel Space Agency and NASA which has resulted in one Israeli astronaut on a NASA mission to date.
5369:
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crash-landed on the lunar surface. Prior to impact, the probe had been able to take two last photographs: a view of itself against the Moon, and a closer shot of the Moon's surface.
3607:
692:, the first satellite in the series, was launched on May 16, 1996, using a French-built vehicle. Since then, 4 more satellites were launched. The most recent AMOS satellite is the
2342:
3639:
1545:. The Oriental Hornets used in the experiment were capable of building combs in the direction of the gravitational vector and detecting gravitational force changes in real time.
1328:-developed formation-flying algorithms using the nano-satellite's propulsion system. This is a student project with technical help from multiple partners in the industry such as
560:
in Israel. Since the launching of that first satellite, Israel has developed into a significant player in the commercial space arena. Today, the ISA satellite launches include:
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The vision is "to preserve and broaden the comparative advantage of Israel and to place it among the group of leading countries in the space research and exploration area."
354:
In 1982, the Israel Space Agency was created, which is responsible for coordinating the space program of Israel. The following year, the new head of military intelligence,
4734:
4700:
4099:
1523:, their physical and physiological development and their nest-building instincts. The flight hardware and measuring instruments were commissioned by the ISA and built by
4464:
857:. The next generation Shavit rockets, now called the Shavit-2 are being developed. The Shavit-2 is said to be made available for commercial launches in the near future.
644:, which carried an advanced electro-optical payload built by Israeli industry for local purposes. Ofeq-3 has been functioning without a hitch. Following a setback with
5364:
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3698:
1915:
1686:. The agreement offers NASA important research involving lasers, the development of advanced sensors for Solar System research tasks and automatic vehicle navigation.
1411:, precisely measure radiation exposure not only at the surface of the body but also at the locations corresponding to sensitive internal organs and tissues in humans.
2156:
3145:
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4257:
3937:
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The 2003 Mediterranean Israeli Dust Experiment (MEIDEX) was a Dust Experiment initiated by the ISA. The experiment was planned by a team from the Department of
387:
4186:
4148:
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mission. ULTRASAT is planned to have eight telescopes equipped with CCD cameras and reflective filters. It is set to have a sensitivity 10 times lower than
1225:
sensors, producing both panchromatic imagery at a very high resolution and multispectral imagery at a medium resolution. The satellite is set to orbit in a
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497:
227:
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is the Israeli authority for development of weapons and military technology. They are responsible for most of the ISA's spacecraft propulsion systems.
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The Gurwin TechSat was one of the world's first Microsatellites to be designed, built and launched by students. The satellite, developed by the
244:, which had established in 1960 to set up the initial infrastructure required for space missions. The agency is currently headed by Chairperson
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552:
The Israel Space Agency has had a long history of satellite programs both for reconnaissance and commercial purposes. Its first satellite, the
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4772:
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On the same mission, a second experiment investigating the growth of osteoblast cells in microgravity environment was also conducted. During
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made up of multidisciplinary team of Israeli scientists and space aficionados. The organization was formed to compete in the international
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To develop technologies, knowledge and scientific infrastructure (including laboratories and human resources) required for space research.
1527:. The hope of the mission was to discover ways to prevent astronauts from suffering headaches, nausea, and vomiting during the missions.
1279:
The INSAT-1 was set to carry a miniature atomic clock and a GPS receiver. By 2021, the mission was delayed and they were never launched.
716:
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The Israel Cosmic Ray Center (ICRC) was established in November 1997 with support from the Israel Space Agency and with affiliation to
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1963:
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exploration and sciences. One of the NCSR's earliest achievements took place in 1961 with the launch of its first two-stage rocket.
2504:
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that will be exposed to the intense radiation environment during the spacecraft's lunar orbit. One phantom will be shielded by the
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is responsible for supplying the superspectral camera and the science mission center. The satellite was launched in August 2017.
326:
At the end of 1982 it was decided during a closed-door meeting to establish an Israeli space agency. The decision was made by PM
5909:
853:. The first and second stage engines are manufactured by Ta'as, and use solid fuel. The third stage engines are manufactured by
810:
The Israel Space Agency is one of only seven countries that both build their own satellites and launch their own launchers. The
544:
The budget allocated annually for the Israeli military program as well as commercial programs are managed on different budgets.
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The ISA and the Ministry of Science and Technology formed and operated the National Knowledge Center on Near Earth Objects at
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The Israel Space Agency is responsible for the spacecraft, the launcher interface, and for the satellite control center. The
1114:
529:) which is set to launch in 2014 has a $ 50 million budget. The Spaceborne Hyperspectral Applicative Land and Ocean Mission (
5823:
5788:
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1992:
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In addition to university research, a number of large industrial groups are heavily involved with the Israel Space Agency.
1633:. The objective was to study the temporal and spatial distribution and physical properties of atmospheric desert dust over
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1701:
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Brull, Lily (1992). "Project ISIAH - Experiment on the effects of micro-gravity on hornets' nest building and activity".
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Payload Specialist Astronaut Bio: Ilan Ramon, National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA) Retrieved 2009-12-05
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satellites and thus became one of only a few nations in the world possessing an indigenous space launching capability (
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1264:(IAI). The Israeli contribution will be funded by the Israel Space Agency and the launch is scheduled for early 2026.
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health, electronic and navigational systems in aircraft flying in extremely high altitudes and ground power systems.
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1157:(ESA). The Israel Space Agency initiated the project and partly funded it by supplying the sub-propulsion system.
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The Israel Space Agency is currently involved with multiple satellites, space telescopes, and microsatellites.
606:
259:. Today, Israel is the smallest country with indigenous launch capabilities, as well as the smallest to have a
1316:
Space Autonomous Mission of Swarming & Geolocating Nano-Satellites (SAMSON) is a project initiated by the
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1967:
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The SHALOM Project (Spaceborne Hyperspectral Applicative Land and Ocean Mission) is a joint project with the
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and Ministry of Defence for the development of the needed infrastructure and of Israel's first observation
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1744:“I would welcome it – if it fits in with the program the Emirates have. They have an ambitious program.”
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977:. The goal is to map the objects which pose a threat to Earth and to find a solution to eliminate them.
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Wakayama, Sayaka; Kawahara, Yumi; Li, Chong; Yamagata, Kazuo; Yuge, Louis; Wakayama, Teruhiko (2009).
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1719:, weighing around 500 kg. It was designed to be launched and then land on the Moon bearing the
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The Israel Space Agency - Middle East Interactive Data Archive (ISA-MEIDA) is an Israeli node for
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The Tel Aviv University Ultraviolet Explorer (TAUVEX) is a space telescope array conceived by
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1297:(ASI) announced on November 23, 2010. The project involves the design and development of two
230:, that coordinates all Israeli space research programs with scientific and commercial goals.
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The INSAT-1 and the INSAT-2 are two nano-satellites which were planned and developed by the
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A continuation from the osteoblast cells experiment was later expanded upon by astronaut
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992:. For the purpose of NEO studies, a special wide-field 0.46-m telescope was acquired by
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The Matroshka AstroRad Radiation Experiment (MARE) is a collaboration between the ISA,
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that was initiated in the early 1990s to explorer the effects of near-zero gravity on
405:"Space research and exploration is an essential instrument for the defense of life on
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2018:
17:
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2948:"Detrimental Effects of Microgravity on Mouse Preimplantation Development In Vitro"
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The AMOS is a series of communications satellites. The AMOS satellites are by the
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The Israeli Space Agency Investigation About Hornets (ISAIAH) was a project from
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which was then ceasing operation, but it was destroyed in a launchpad explosion.
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The AMOS is distinguished for its light weight and sophisticated technology. The
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1996:
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636:-1 in 1988, additional satellites were developed. In 1989, the ISA launched the
402:
The agency vision as defined by the guiding committee on July 27, 2005, states:
365:
In 1984 the National Space Knowledge Center was established in cooperation with
359:
285:
The Israeli Space Agency originated as a university-based research project from
3585:
2789:"U.S., Israeli Space Agencies Join Forces to Protect Astronauts From Radiation"
1739:
would attempt a second time to land on the Moon. The planned date is 2024. At
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377:. This came to fruition in 1988 when Israel launched the first in a series of
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phenomena in space. The satellite was developed in collaboration between the
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5150:
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4042:
4030:
3556:
3454:
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2247:
1728:
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1345:
1048:
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572:
420:
374:
148:
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793:
782:
732:
The Earth Resources Observation Satellite (EROS) is a series of commercial
3109:
825:. The Shavit launcher has been used to send every Ofeq satellite to date.
3408:
3380:
3242:
3185:
2924:
1325:
1317:
1238:
1189:
1178:
1120:
1025:
1005:
811:
805:
797:
786:
685:
597:
522:
340:
117:
3123:
877:. The IAF with its 151 Squadron for missile testing uses it to test its
4681:
4310:
3449:
3195:
2208:
1695:
1489:
1454:
1400:
1384:
1368:
1032:
and headed by Gideon Bela and Lev Dorman from the Tel Aviv University.
932:
925:
918:
768:
745:
602:
485:
445:
1926:
List of multinationals with research and development centres in Israel
1243:
The ULTRASAT satellite is a wide field (~1000 deg) transient explorer
3364:
3343:
3338:
3235:
3230:
3225:
3190:
3180:
3175:
1642:
1596:
1577:
1570:
1542:
1484:, from 1998 until 2003, for a mission with a payload that included a
1329:
1101:
1087:
1071:
1043:
prepared via a joint collaboration with Italy. It was transported to
911:
904:
756:
749:
737:
704:
700:
693:
689:
649:
645:
641:
501:
223:
171:
2482:
1993:""Uri Oron selected as director general of the Israel Space Agency""
755:
The EROS series are set to be launched once every 6 to 8 years. The
2774:"NASA's large SLS rocket unlikely to fly before at least late 2021"
2725:
2629:
1534:, a flight hardware and measuring instruments were packed onto the
1047:, Israel in June 1998. The observatory was named after the Italian
5411:
5297:
3444:
1735:
On 13 April 2019, Morris Kahn announced that a new mission, named
1612:
1469:
1430:
1339:
1248:
952:
815:
781:
714:
618:
617:
428:
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406:
302:
892:
with surrounding countries, launches take off due west, over the
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4617:
4143:
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1760:
1756:
1678:
1356:
1185:
1067:
656:
637:
633:
627:
564:
553:
526:
516:
In 2010, the budget of the Israel Space Agency was increased to
489:
473:
465:
461:
379:
5560:
3589:
3127:
2824:
ISPCS 2017 - Thomas Berger "Exploration Missions and Radiation"
2606:
LIMSAT-UV: A Wide Field UV Transient Explorer Satellite Mission
343:
to coordinate the nation's space program in affiliation to the
271:
Space research in Israel has history dating to the late 1950s.
1464:, in which he and the six other crew members were killed in a
493:
3089:
2559:
1153:. The satellite is helped by the Israel Space Agency and the
1137:
The Sloshsat-FLEVO was a satellite launched for the study of
640:-2; in April 1995, it took a leap forward with the launch of
1553:
The early development of mice embryos in microgravity was a
1276:. Their purpose was to serve as a technology demonstrators.
2862:
Israel Space Research & Technology Information Bulletin
2369:"Israel Launches Advanced Optical Reconnaissance Satellite"
437:
To promote international cooperation in space research and
2456:
3082:
2868:(5–6). The Smithsonian/NASA Astrophysics Data System: 2.
1304:
satellites. They are set to follow the same orbit as the
1229:. It is expected to have a lifespan of roughly 10 years.
441:, and for strengthening the national interests of Israel.
194:
2343:"Israeli Rocket Launches Radar Reconnaissance Satellite"
703:
was due to be launched in 2016 in order to replace the
666:. The most recent, Ofek 16, was launched July 6, 2020.
2371:. Spaceflight 101. September 13, 2016. Archived from
2243:"Launchpad explosion destroys SpaceX Falcon 9 rocket"
3033:"Galactic Partnership: NASA and Israel Space Agency"
525:, a cooperative program by Israel (ISA) and France (
5892:
5852:
5594:
5444:
5320:
5278:
5136:
4714:
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3435:
3417:
3399:
3357:
3321:
3251:
3211:
3161:
3010:
Solar System Exploration Research Virtual Institute
2643:"NASA to cooperate on Israeli astrophysics mission"
1336:
Matroshka AstroRad Radiation Experiment - Artemis 1
945:effort to promote the Israeli scientific research.
190:
177:
159:
147:
124:
113:
103:
86:
68:
60:
55:
3006:"Israel Network for Lunar Science and Exploration"
2077:"Israel Space Agency: Current and Future Programs"
3096:Israeli Ministry of Science, Technology and Space
3056:"Israeli experts work with NASA on moon research"
2748:"Israel, Italy To Build Hyperspectral Satellites"
1403:vest and the other will be left unprotected as a
1391:. The crew compartment of the uncrewed Artemis 1
2086:. RESOURCEs: Israel Space Agency. Archived from
1916:Science, Technology and Space Minister of Israel
1672:Israel Network for Lunar Science and Exploration
1505:Israeli Space Agency Investigation About Hornets
1387:vest when exposed to the harsh radiation beyond
596:Techsat – Researching satellite launched by the
2726:"The Shalom Mission | Israel Space Agency"
2612:. Weizmann Institute Of Science. Archived from
1161:constraints encountered in typical satellites.
456:ISA has signed cooperation agreements with the
5572:
5533:Timeline of first orbital launches by country
3601:
3139:
388:timeline of first orbital launches by country
8:
2411:. Israel Cosmic Ray and Space Weather Center
1851:(Avi Har-Even) January 1995 - September 2004
1763:space programs is the IAI Mabat factory in
1562:. The payload was launched in 1996 on board
1549:Early development of embryos in microgravity
556:-1 was launched on September 19, 1988, from
394:was headed for many years by Moshe Bar-Lev.
38:
32:
2702:. Agenzia Spaziale Italiana. Archived from
2585:"Israel, UAE sign historic space agreement"
2182:"Zvi Kaplan, Director, Israel Space Agency"
2146:"Israel's Quest for Satellite Intelligence"
2114:
2112:
2110:
2108:
571:. The first of these was launched from the
533:), a joint mission by Israel (ISA) and the
415:The main goals for vision realization are:
5579:
5565:
5557:
4593:
3997:
3751:
3627:
3608:
3594:
3586:
3146:
3132:
3124:
2039:
2037:
2035:
1854:Zvi Kaplan September 2004 - September 2011
1581:metabolism and an altered cell structure.
1039:The Emilio Segre' Observatory (ESOI) is a
351:was nominated to be its Director-General.
31:
2981:
2971:
2507:. TECHNION FOCUS MAGAZINE. Archived from
2305:, www.spacewar.com, accessed 12 June 2007
2180:Opall-Rome, Barbara (September 6, 2011).
2084:From Modest Beginnings to a Vibrant State
988:and operates the three telescopes of the
899:Some of the recent ISA launches include:
740:, was launched on December 5, 2000, from
696:which was launched on December 11, 2011.
295:Israel Academy of Sciences and Humanities
2700:"Italy and Israel: all clear for SHALOM"
2670:"Italy and Israel: all clear for SHALOM"
2554:
2552:
2433:. Emilio Segre' Israel-Italy Observatory
2282:
2280:
1395:will include two female anthropomorphic
1082:Tel Aviv University Ultraviolet Explorer
888:Due to Israel's geographic location and
792:
345:Ministry of Science, Culture & Sport
2915:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2630:Israel Space Agency, “ULTRASAT project”
1946:
655:To date, twelve such satellites in the
652:was successfully launched in May 2002.
301:needed for research and development in
2831:from the original on December 21, 2021
2225:"AMOS 5 satellite launched into space"
2121:Space: The Frontiers of Modern Defence
1987:
1985:
1954:
1952:
1950:
1453:payload specialist on board the fatal
973:in order to study minor bodies in the
662:series were developed and launched to
2578:
2576:
2533:. Israel Space Agency. Archived from
2050:. Israel Space Agency. Archived from
1911:National Committee for Space Research
1649:experiment operated by the astronaut
291:National Committee for Space Research
281:National Committee for Space Research
242:National Committee for Space Research
94:National Committee for Space Research
7:
2479:"he Regional Center for NASA EOSDIS"
2223:Magnezi, Aviel (December 11, 2011).
2123:. KnowledgeWorld. pp. 155–165.
1860:Avi Blasberger May 2016- August 2021
1012:with no specific financial support.
759:is set to be launched in late 2014.
222:) is a governmental body, a part of
2395:"Israel launches new spy satellite"
1857:Menachem Kidron January 2012 - 2015
1748:Commercial and industry involvement
1645:regions. The aim was achieved by a
1496:Experiments via NASA Space Shuttles
1378:, which is expected to launch from
632:After the successful launch of the
423:systems for space research and for
215:
39:
2316:"Israel Launches Ofeq-9 Satellite"
2019:"Space program budget (In Hebrew)"
1964:Israel Ministry of Foreign Affairs
1371:. MARE will take place aboard the
1274:Israeli Nano Satellite Association
1198:Centre national d'études spatiales
752:, was launched on April 25, 2006.
362:insisted on resuming the program.
228:Ministry of Science and Technology
25:
3054:Siegel, Judy (January 28, 2010).
2728:. Space.gov.il. December 16, 2014
2303:Israel Launches New Spy Satellite
2144:E. L. Zorn (Winter–Spring 2001),
1906:List of government space agencies
1419:While the ISA has not yet made a
1208:both to Israel and the Emirates.
949:National Knowledge Center on NEOs
541:) has a budget of $ 116 million.
289:in the early 1960s. In 1960, the
27:Government space agency of Israel
5979:Science and technology in Israel
5947:
5938:
5937:
5512:
5500:
5488:
5476:
5464:
5452:
5429:
5417:
5405:
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3692:
3673:
3661:
2787:Pasztor, Andy (April 17, 2018).
2641:Foust, Jeff (January 22, 2023).
2341:Berger, Brian (April 10, 2014).
1890:
865:The Israel Space Agency and the
821:capable of sending payload into
444:To promote ties between Israeli
369:; a contract was signed between
164:
47:
5588:Science and technology in Asia
3490:Ilan Ramon Youth Physics Center
2821:ISPCS .com (November 3, 2017),
2263:"Space launch systems - Shavit"
1825:Rafael Advanced Defense Systems
1820:Rafael Advanced Defense Systems
1472:. Ramon had been selected as a
855:Rafael Advanced Defense Systems
322:Establishment of a space agency
5905:British Indian Ocean Territory
1936:Science and technology in Asia
1876:Yitzhak Ben Israel (2005-2022)
1383:test the effectiveness of the
1322:Asher Space Research Institute
1008:studies are continuing at the
313:requested from prime minister
233:The agency was founded by the
1:
5989:1983 establishments in Israel
3110:Israel Space Agency's channel
1711:The SpaceIL team developed a
1702:non-governmental organization
1438:- the first Israeli astronaut
1361:German Aerospace Center (DLR)
1258:Weizmann Institute of Science
1109:TechSat-Gurwin Microsatellite
980:This center is headed by Dr.
609:-based observation satellite.
390:). The project management at
143:(since 2021) Director General
3617:Public-sector space agencies
2973:10.1371/journal.pone.0006753
2345:. Space NEws. Archived from
1755:The main contractors of the
1488:camera for recording desert
1407:. The phantoms, designed by
1344:The two manikins inside the
1041:cosmic radiation observatory
220:Sokhnut heKhalal haYisraelit
2481:. ISA-MEIDA. Archived from
2455:. ISA-MEIDA. Archived from
2155:(10): 33–38, archived from
2119:Kiran Krishan Nair (2006).
1789:Israel Aerospace Industries
1560:human reproduction in space
1476:in 1997 and trained at the
1262:Israel Aerospace Industries
1028:. The center is located on
736:. The first satellite, the
682:Israel Aerospace Industries
575:site on September 19, 1988.
74:; 41 years ago
6005:
2583:Staff (October 21, 2021).
1693:
1609:MEIDEX Freestar Experiment
1606:
1508:
1286:
1236:
1176:
1130:
1112:
1085:
803:
766:
748:. A second satellite, the
725:
673:
625:
392:Israel Aircraft Industries
367:Israel Aircraft Industries
278:
5933:
5527:
3358:Satellites in development
3253:Communications satellites
3163:Reconnaissance satellites
2045:"Israel Celebrates Space"
1873:Yuval Ne'eman (1983-2005)
1842:Akiva Bar-Nun 1989 - 1993
1831:Agency managers/directors
1807:El-Op, which merged with
1501:between the two nations.
1254:Jet Propulsion Laboratory
660:reconnaissance satellites
583:communications satellites
569:reconnaissance satellites
293:(NCSR) was formed by the
275:NCSR and foreign reliance
46:
37:
5654:East Timor (Timor-Leste)
1016:Israel Cosmic Ray Center
996:and is operating at the
419:To build and to support
5974:Space program of Israel
5915:Cocos (Keeling) Islands
2921:"The Hornet Experiment"
2153:Studies in Intelligence
1960:"Israel's man on space"
1863:Uri Oron September 2021
867:Israeli Air Force (IAF)
742:Svobodny Launch Complex
240:in 1983 to replace the
186:US$ 14.5 million (2019)
3035:. Israel National News
2923:. IAMI. Archived from
2890:. NASA. Archived from
1931:List of space agencies
1618:
1439:
1363:, in cooperation with
1352:
966:
801:
790:
734:observation satellites
723:
623:
592:observation satellites
448:, space research, and
3485:Givatayim Observatory
3155:Israeli space program
3119:ISA-MEIDA (NASA Node)
2511:on September 29, 2013
2485:on September 28, 2013
2459:on September 27, 2013
1616:
1511:The Hornet Experiment
1434:
1343:
1227:Sun-synchronous orbit
1155:European Space Agency
956:
924:September 13, 2016 –
846:based on the 2-stage
838:triple-stage launcher
796:
785:
718:
711:EROS satellite series
670:AMOS satellite series
621:
614:Ofeq satellite series
248:and Director General
235:theoretical physicist
5829:United Arab Emirates
5539:Soviet space program
3574:commercial astronaut
2674:Italian Space Agency
2322:on September 7, 2012
1879:Dan Blumberg (2022-)
1706:Google Lunar X Prize
1478:Johnson Space Center
1380:Kennedy Space Center
1295:Italian Space Agency
869:jointly operate the
684:and are operated by
216:סוכנות החלל הישראלית
40:סוכנות החלל הישראלית
18:Israeli Space Agency
5856:limited recognition
4689:Guiana Space Centre
3322:Research satellites
3101:Israel Space Agency
2964:2009PLoSO...4.6753W
2927:on October 28, 2013
2874:1992IsSRT...9....2B
2793:Wall Street Journal
2754:on December 3, 2013
2706:on December 3, 2013
2680:on December 3, 2013
2537:on January 31, 2014
2453:"ISA-MEIDA Welcome"
2093:on February 1, 2014
1999:on February 5, 2022
1631:Tel Aviv University
1517:Tel Aviv University
1445:was Israel's first
1268:INSAT-1 and INSAT-2
1165:Ongoing development
1098:Tel Aviv University
1022:Tel Aviv University
994:Tel Aviv University
986:Tel Aviv University
971:Tel Aviv University
861:Palmachim Spaceport
778:Launch capabilities
688:once in orbit. The
460:of: United States (
330:, Defense minister
287:Tel Aviv University
204:Israel Space Agency
34:
33:Israel Space Agency
3499:Primary spaceports
3060:The Jerusalem Post
2958:(8). PLOS: e6753.
2619:on August 9, 2020.
1868:Agency chairperson
1726:On 11 April 2019,
1713:robotic spacecraft
1627:Planetary Sciences
1619:
1474:Payload Specialist
1440:
1353:
967:
802:
791:
724:
624:
548:Satellite programs
535:Italy Space Agency
5961:
5960:
5898:other territories
5554:
5553:
5274:
5273:
4585:
4584:
3989:
3988:
3871:and the Caribbean
3743:
3742:
3583:
3582:
3575:
3506:Palmachim Airbase
3296:
3213:Earth observation
3031:Kempinski, Yoni.
2894:on August 9, 2020
2349:on April 10, 2014
2251:. September 2016.
1921:Economy of Israel
1775:Industrial groups
1700:The SpaceIL is a
1641:and the Atlantic
1555:Hebrew University
1466:re-entry disaster
1421:human spaceflight
1302:Earth observation
957:The smaller 46cm
917:April 10, 2014 –
894:Mediterranean Sea
890:hostile relations
875:Palmachim Airbase
873:located south of
851:ballistic missile
763:TechSAR Satellite
558:Palmachim Airbase
200:
199:
154:Palmachim Airbase
149:Primary spaceport
16:(Redirected from
5996:
5951:
5941:
5940:
5910:Christmas Island
5596:Sovereign states
5581:
5574:
5567:
5558:
5537:Preceded by the
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3522:Isaac Ben-Israel
3480:Wise Observatory
3437:Moon exploration
3294:
3148:
3141:
3134:
3125:
3093:
3092:
3090:Official website
3071:
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2851:
2846:
2840:
2839:
2838:
2836:
2818:
2812:
2811:
2809:
2807:
2784:
2778:
2777:
2776:. July 17, 2019.
2770:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2750:. Archived from
2744:
2738:
2737:
2735:
2733:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2713:
2711:
2696:
2690:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2676:. Archived from
2666:
2660:
2659:
2657:
2655:
2638:
2632:
2627:
2621:
2620:
2618:
2611:
2601:
2595:
2594:
2580:
2571:
2570:
2568:
2566:
2556:
2547:
2546:
2544:
2542:
2527:
2521:
2520:
2518:
2516:
2501:
2495:
2494:
2492:
2490:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2466:
2464:
2449:
2443:
2442:
2440:
2438:
2427:
2421:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2405:
2399:
2398:
2391:
2385:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2354:
2338:
2332:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2318:. Archived from
2312:
2306:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2284:
2275:
2274:
2272:
2270:
2259:
2253:
2252:
2239:
2233:
2232:
2220:
2214:
2213:
2200:
2194:
2193:
2191:
2189:
2177:
2171:
2170:
2169:
2167:
2162:on June 13, 2007
2161:
2150:
2141:
2135:
2134:
2116:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2092:
2081:
2073:
2067:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2057:on March 3, 2016
2056:
2049:
2041:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2025:
2015:
2009:
2008:
2006:
2004:
1995:. Archived from
1989:
1980:
1979:
1977:
1975:
1970:on June 10, 2015
1966:. Archived from
1956:
1900:
1895:
1894:
1893:
1741:World Space Week
1532:Oriental hornets
1521:oriental hornets
1449:. Ramon was the
1393:Orion spacecraft
1376:Orion Spacecraft
1205:World Space Week
1062:EOSDIS ISA-MEIDA
1010:Wise Observatory
998:Wise Observatory
990:Wise Observatory
963:Wise Observatory
910:June 22, 2010 –
903:June 11, 2007 –
841:solid propellant
836:The Shavit is a
744:using a Russian
728:EROS (satellite)
721:EROS-B Satellite
676:AMOS (satellite)
496:), Netherlands (
258:
217:
170:
168:
167:
142:
87:Preceding agency
82:
80:
75:
51:
42:
41:
35:
21:
6004:
6003:
5999:
5998:
5997:
5995:
5994:
5993:
5964:
5963:
5962:
5957:
5929:
5897:
5888:
5869:Northern Cyprus
5855:
5848:
5590:
5585:
5555:
5550:
5523:
5513:
5511:
5501:
5499:
5489:
5487:
5477:
5475:
5465:
5463:
5453:
5451:
5440:
5430:
5428:
5418:
5416:
5406:
5404:
5316:
5306:
5304:
5287:
5285:
5270:
5260:
5258:
5248:
5246:
5229:
5227:
5217:
5215:
5193:
5191:
5181:
5179:
5169:
5167:
5157:
5155:
5145:
5143:
5132:
5122:
5120:
5110:
5108:
5098:
5096:
5084:
5082:
5072:
5070:
5060:
5058:
5048:
5046:
5009:
5007:
4997:
4995:
4985:
4983:
4973:
4971:
4961:
4959:
4949:
4947:
4937:
4935:
4925:
4923:
4913:
4911:
4901:
4899:
4882:
4880:
4870:
4868:
4858:
4856:
4846:
4844:
4834:
4832:
4822:
4820:
4803:
4801:
4791:
4789:
4779:
4777:
4767:
4765:
4755:
4753:
4741:
4739:
4729:
4727:
4710:
4636:
4634:
4581:
4566:
4564:
4547:
4545:
4528:
4526:
4509:
4507:
4490:
4488:
4471:
4469:
4459:
4457:
4447:
4445:
4435:
4433:
4423:
4421:
4411:
4409:
4398:
4388:
4386:
4376:
4374:
4364:
4362:
4352:
4350:
4340:
4338:
4328:
4326:
4315:
4305:
4303:
4293:
4291:
4264:
4262:
4252:
4250:
4239:
4229:
4227:
4217:
4215:
4193:
4191:
4181:
4179:
4169:
4167:
4157:
4155:
4138:
4136:
4084:
4082:
4071:
4061:
4059:
4037:
4035:
4025:
4023:
4012:
3985:
3968:
3966:
3956:
3954:
3927:
3925:
3915:
3913:
3903:
3901:
3891:
3889:
3879:
3877:
3870:
3864:
3854:
3852:
3842:
3840:
3830:
3828:
3818:
3816:
3806:
3804:
3787:
3785:
3775:
3773:
3763:
3761:
3739:
3729:
3727:
3717:
3715:
3705:
3703:
3693:
3691:
3674:
3672:
3662:
3660:
3649:
3632:
3619:
3614:
3584:
3579:
3551:
3510:
3494:
3466:
3431:
3419:Sounding rocket
3413:
3395:
3353:
3317:
3247:
3207:
3157:
3152:
3088:
3087:
3079:
3074:
3064:
3062:
3053:
3052:
3048:
3038:
3036:
3030:
3029:
3025:
3015:
3013:
3004:
3003:
2999:
2945:
2944:
2940:
2930:
2928:
2919:
2918:
2907:
2897:
2895:
2886:
2885:
2881:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2847:
2843:
2834:
2832:
2820:
2819:
2815:
2805:
2803:
2786:
2785:
2781:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2757:
2755:
2746:
2745:
2741:
2731:
2729:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2709:
2707:
2698:
2697:
2693:
2683:
2681:
2668:
2667:
2663:
2653:
2651:
2640:
2639:
2635:
2628:
2624:
2616:
2609:
2603:
2602:
2598:
2582:
2581:
2574:
2564:
2562:
2558:
2557:
2550:
2540:
2538:
2529:
2528:
2524:
2514:
2512:
2503:
2502:
2498:
2488:
2486:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2462:
2460:
2451:
2450:
2446:
2436:
2434:
2429:
2428:
2424:
2414:
2412:
2407:
2406:
2402:
2393:
2392:
2388:
2378:
2376:
2375:on June 8, 2017
2367:
2366:
2362:
2352:
2350:
2340:
2339:
2335:
2325:
2323:
2314:
2313:
2309:
2301:
2297:
2286:
2285:
2278:
2268:
2266:
2261:
2260:
2256:
2241:
2240:
2236:
2222:
2221:
2217:
2202:
2201:
2197:
2187:
2185:
2179:
2178:
2174:
2165:
2163:
2159:
2148:
2143:
2142:
2138:
2131:
2118:
2117:
2106:
2096:
2094:
2090:
2079:
2075:
2074:
2070:
2060:
2058:
2054:
2047:
2043:
2042:
2033:
2023:
2021:
2017:
2016:
2012:
2002:
2000:
1991:
1990:
1983:
1973:
1971:
1958:
1957:
1948:
1944:
1896:
1891:
1889:
1886:
1870:
1833:
1822:
1805:
1785:
1777:
1750:
1698:
1692:
1674:
1666:
1611:
1605:
1551:
1513:
1507:
1498:
1429:
1417:
1415:Crewed programs
1389:low Earth orbit
1365:Lockheed Martin
1338:
1314:
1291:
1285:
1270:
1245:space telescope
1241:
1235:
1214:
1181:
1175:
1167:
1139:liquid sloshing
1135:
1129:
1117:
1111:
1090:
1084:
1064:
1056:Emilio G. Segrè
1018:
951:
942:
931:July 6, 2020 –
863:
831:low Earth orbit
823:low Earth orbit
808:
780:
771:
765:
730:
713:
678:
672:
664:Low Earth Orbit
630:
616:
550:
514:
400:
324:
283:
277:
269:
252:
185:
165:
163:
136:
132:
99:
78:
76:
73:
56:Agency overview
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
6002:
6000:
5992:
5991:
5986:
5984:Space agencies
5981:
5976:
5966:
5965:
5959:
5958:
5956:
5955:
5945:
5934:
5931:
5930:
5928:
5927:
5922:
5917:
5912:
5907:
5901:
5899:
5890:
5889:
5887:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5860:
5858:
5850:
5849:
5847:
5846:
5841:
5836:
5831:
5826:
5821:
5816:
5811:
5806:
5801:
5796:
5791:
5786:
5781:
5776:
5771:
5766:
5761:
5756:
5751:
5746:
5741:
5736:
5731:
5726:
5721:
5716:
5711:
5706:
5701:
5696:
5691:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5656:
5651:
5646:
5641:
5636:
5631:
5626:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5600:
5598:
5592:
5591:
5586:
5584:
5583:
5576:
5569:
5561:
5552:
5551:
5549:
5548:
5541:
5535:
5528:
5525:
5524:
5522:
5521:
5509:
5497:
5485:
5473:
5461:
5448:
5446:
5442:
5441:
5439:
5438:
5426:
5414:
5402:
5397:
5392:
5387:
5382:
5377:
5372:
5367:
5362:
5357:
5352:
5347:
5346:
5345:
5335:
5330:
5324:
5322:
5318:
5317:
5315:
5314:
5302:
5301:
5300:
5282:
5280:
5276:
5275:
5272:
5271:
5269:
5268:
5256:
5244:
5243:
5242:
5225:
5213:
5212:
5211:
5206:
5189:
5177:
5165:
5153:
5140:
5138:
5134:
5133:
5131:
5130:
5118:
5106:
5094:
5093:
5092:
5068:
5056:
5044:
5043:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5005:
4993:
4981:
4969:
4957:
4945:
4933:
4921:
4909:
4897:
4896:
4895:
4878:
4866:
4854:
4842:
4830:
4818:
4817:
4816:
4799:
4787:
4775:
4763:
4751:
4750:
4749:
4724:
4722:
4712:
4711:
4709:
4708:
4703:
4698:
4693:
4692:
4691:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4674:
4669:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4632:
4627:
4622:
4621:
4620:
4610:
4600:
4598:
4591:
4587:
4586:
4583:
4582:
4580:
4579:
4562:
4561:
4560:
4543:
4542:
4541:
4524:
4523:
4522:
4505:
4504:
4503:
4486:
4485:
4484:
4467:
4455:
4443:
4431:
4419:
4406:
4404:
4400:
4399:
4397:
4396:
4384:
4372:
4360:
4348:
4336:
4323:
4321:
4320:Southeast Asia
4317:
4316:
4314:
4313:
4301:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4277:
4260:
4247:
4245:
4241:
4240:
4238:
4237:
4225:
4213:
4212:
4211:
4206:
4189:
4177:
4165:
4153:
4152:
4151:
4134:
4133:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4121:
4120:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4097:
4079:
4077:
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4057:
4056:
4055:
4050:
4033:
4020:
4018:
4014:
4013:
4011:
4010:
4004:
4002:
3995:
3991:
3990:
3987:
3986:
3984:
3983:
3982:
3981:
3964:
3952:
3951:
3950:
3945:
3940:
3923:
3911:
3899:
3887:
3874:
3872:
3866:
3865:
3863:
3862:
3850:
3838:
3826:
3814:
3802:
3801:
3800:
3783:
3771:
3758:
3756:
3749:
3745:
3744:
3741:
3740:
3738:
3737:
3725:
3713:
3701:
3689:
3688:
3687:
3670:
3657:
3655:
3651:
3650:
3648:
3647:
3642:
3636:
3634:
3625:
3621:
3620:
3615:
3613:
3612:
3605:
3598:
3590:
3581:
3580:
3578:
3577:
3567:
3561:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3550:
3549:
3544:
3539:
3534:
3529:
3524:
3518:
3516:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3508:
3502:
3500:
3496:
3495:
3493:
3492:
3487:
3482:
3476:
3474:
3468:
3467:
3465:
3464:
3463:
3462:
3457:
3447:
3441:
3439:
3433:
3432:
3430:
3429:
3423:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3405:
3403:
3401:Launch vehicle
3397:
3396:
3394:
3393:
3388:
3383:
3378:
3373:
3368:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3354:
3352:
3351:
3346:
3341:
3336:
3334:Sloshsat-FLEVO
3331:
3329:TechSat-Gurwin
3325:
3323:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3315:
3314:
3313:
3308:
3303:
3298:
3288:
3283:
3278:
3273:
3268:
3257:
3255:
3249:
3248:
3246:
3245:
3240:
3239:
3238:
3233:
3228:
3217:
3215:
3209:
3208:
3206:
3205:
3204:
3203:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3167:
3165:
3159:
3158:
3153:
3151:
3150:
3143:
3136:
3128:
3122:
3121:
3116:
3107:
3098:
3085:
3078:
3077:External links
3075:
3073:
3072:
3046:
3023:
2997:
2938:
2905:
2879:
2852:
2841:
2813:
2779:
2765:
2739:
2717:
2691:
2661:
2633:
2622:
2596:
2590:Jerusalem Post
2572:
2548:
2522:
2496:
2470:
2444:
2422:
2400:
2386:
2360:
2333:
2307:
2295:
2276:
2254:
2234:
2215:
2195:
2172:
2136:
2129:
2104:
2068:
2031:
2010:
1981:
1945:
1943:
1940:
1939:
1938:
1933:
1928:
1923:
1918:
1913:
1908:
1902:
1901:
1885:
1882:
1881:
1880:
1877:
1874:
1869:
1866:
1865:
1864:
1861:
1858:
1855:
1852:
1846:
1843:
1840:
1837:
1832:
1829:
1821:
1818:
1814:electro-optics
1804:
1801:
1784:
1781:
1776:
1773:
1749:
1746:
1717:microsatellite
1694:Main article:
1691:
1688:
1673:
1670:
1665:
1662:
1655:Space Shuttle
1647:remote sensing
1607:Main article:
1604:
1601:
1590:Space Shuttle
1564:Space Shuttle
1550:
1547:
1536:Space Shuttle
1509:Main article:
1506:
1503:
1497:
1494:
1482:Houston, Texas
1468:over southern
1459:Space Shuttle
1428:
1425:
1416:
1413:
1337:
1334:
1313:
1310:
1289:SHALOM Project
1287:Main article:
1284:
1283:SHALOM Project
1281:
1269:
1266:
1237:Main article:
1234:
1231:
1213:
1210:
1177:Main article:
1174:
1171:
1166:
1163:
1143:Dutch NLR labs
1133:Sloshsat-FLEVO
1131:Main article:
1128:
1127:Sloshsat-FLEVO
1125:
1115:TechSat-Gurwin
1113:Main article:
1110:
1107:
1086:Main article:
1083:
1080:
1063:
1060:
1053:Nobel laureate
1017:
1014:
950:
947:
941:
940:Space research
938:
937:
936:
929:
922:
915:
908:
862:
859:
819:launch vehicle
804:Main article:
779:
776:
767:Main article:
764:
761:
726:Main article:
712:
709:
674:Main article:
671:
668:
626:Main article:
615:
612:
611:
610:
600:
594:
585:
576:
549:
546:
513:
510:
458:space agencies
454:
453:
442:
435:
432:
427:research from
399:
396:
328:Menachem Begin
323:
320:
315:Menachem Begin
299:infrastructure
279:Main article:
276:
273:
268:
265:
198:
197:
192:
188:
187:
184:51.063 million
179:
175:
174:
161:
157:
156:
151:
145:
144:
126:
122:
121:
115:
111:
110:
105:
101:
100:
98:
97:
90:
88:
84:
83:
70:
66:
65:
62:
58:
57:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
6001:
5990:
5987:
5985:
5982:
5980:
5977:
5975:
5972:
5971:
5969:
5954:
5950:
5946:
5944:
5936:
5935:
5932:
5926:
5923:
5921:
5918:
5916:
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5894:Dependencies
5824:Turkmenistan
5789:Saudi Arabia
5543:Preceded by
5395:Intersputnik
5240:TÜBİTAK UZAY
4701:EUTELSAT IGO
4597:Pan-European
4558:TÜBİTAK UZAY
4495:
4017:Central Asia
3633:and pan-Arab
3570:Eytan Stibbe
3532:Aby Har Even
3154:
3065:November 20,
3063:. Retrieved
3049:
3039:November 20,
3037:. Retrieved
3026:
3014:. Retrieved
3009:
3000:
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2951:
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2931:November 20,
2929:. Retrieved
2925:the original
2898:November 20,
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2892:the original
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2758:November 21,
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2752:the original
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2710:November 19,
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2614:the original
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2565:November 19,
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2541:November 19,
2539:. Retrieved
2535:the original
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2515:November 19,
2513:. Retrieved
2509:the original
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2186:. Retrieved
2175:
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2097:November 19,
2095:. Retrieved
2088:the original
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2071:
2061:November 19,
2059:. Retrieved
2052:the original
2022:. Retrieved
2013:
2001:. Retrieved
1997:the original
1974:November 19,
1972:. Retrieved
1968:the original
1849:Aby Har Even
1845:Marcel Klein
1823:
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1769:
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1751:
1734:
1727:
1725:
1721:Israeli flag
1710:
1699:
1675:
1667:
1664:Moon mission
1656:
1635:North Africa
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1306:Cosmo SkyMed
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1045:Mount Hermon
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1019:
1002:Mitzpe Ramon
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975:Solar System
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551:
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332:Ariel Sharon
325:
307:
284:
270:
261:space agency
232:
219:
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203:
201:
195:space.gov.il
129:Dan Blumberg
114:Headquarters
108:Space agency
61:Abbreviation
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5953:Asia portal
5854:States with
5774:Philippines
5714:South Korea
5709:North Korea
5604:Afghanistan
5545:Interkosmos
5519:Interkosmos
4625:Eurocontrol
4275:Antrix Corp
3631:Pan-African
3547:Noah Brosch
3460:Beresheet 2
3367:(cancelled)
2654:January 23,
2184:. SpaceNews
2003:February 5,
1737:Beresheet 2
1653:aboard the
1617:MEIDEX Seal
1457:mission of
1351:crew module
1094:Noah Brosch
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450:exploration
439:exploration
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5724:Kyrgyzstan
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5531:See also:
4244:South Asia
3848:USSPACECOM
3565:Ilan Ramon
3557:Astronauts
3537:Haim Eshed
2531:"SLOSHSAT"
2290:Britannica
2287:"Shavit",
2204:"i24 News"
1942:References
1839:David Abir
1836:Dror Sadeh
1651:Ilan Ramon
1623:Geophysics
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1427:Ilan Ramon
1359:, and the
885:missiles.
848:Jericho-II
472:), India (
356:Ehud Barak
349:Dror Sadeh
5920:Hong Kong
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5151:ArmCosmos
4852:DTU Space
4814:BIRA-IASB
4761:EU SatCen
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4403:West Asia
4076:East Asia
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4031:KazCosmos
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3455:Beresheet
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3295:destroyed
3016:April 12,
2801:0099-9660
2648:SpaceNews
2353:April 10,
2248:Space.com
1729:Beresheet
1684:institute
1592:Discovery
1588:on board
1538:Endeavour
1447:astronaut
1373:Artemis 1
1346:Artemis 1
1049:physicist
959:Telescope
935:satellite
928:satellite
921:satellite
914:satellite
907:satellite
871:spaceport
573:Palmachim
421:satellite
375:satellite
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5769:Pakistan
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3409:Shavit 2
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3186:TecSAR-1
3105:Facebook
2992:19707597
2952:PLOS ONE
2888:"STS-47"
2829:archived
2684:April 4,
2265:. Deagel
2229:Ynetnews
1884:See also
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1569:mission
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1541:mission
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1461:Columbia
1401:AstroRad
1397:phantoms
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1318:Technion
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1026:Technion
1024:and the
1006:asteroid
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800:launcher
686:Spacecom
598:Technion
341:Tel Aviv
250:Uri Oron
134:Uri Oron
120:, Israel
118:Tel Aviv
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5279:Oceania
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4095:SASTIND
3812:FAA/AST
3645:Arabsat
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3311:Amos-17
3201:Ofeq-11
3196:Ofeq-10
3114:YouTube
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2983:2727478
2960:Bibcode
2870:Bibcode
2835:July 9,
2806:July 9,
2560:"VENUS"
2209:YouTube
1696:SpaceIL
1690:SpaceIL
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1490:aerosol
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1405:control
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1256:), the
961:in the
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603:TechSAR
486:Ukraine
446:society
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3624:Africa
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3339:BGUSAT
3306:Amos-8
3301:Amos-7
3291:Amos-6
3286:Amos-5
3281:Amos-4
3276:Amos-3
3271:Amos-2
3266:Amos-1
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2431:"ESOI"
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1149:, and
1102:GSAT-4
1088:TAUVEX
1072:EOSDIS
912:Ofeq 9
905:Ofeq 7
812:Shavit
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705:AMOS-2
701:AMOS-6
694:AMOS-5
690:AMOS-1
650:Ofeq-5
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512:Budget
502:Brazil
500:) and
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212:Hebrew
172:Israel
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5694:Japan
5669:India
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5644:China
5495:NASDA
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5298:CSIRO
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2617:(PDF)
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3041:2013
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2988:PMID
2933:2013
2900:2013
2837:2018
2808:2018
2797:ISSN
2760:2013
2734:2022
2712:2013
2686:2014
2656:2023
2567:2013
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2328:2013
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