401:
437:
377:
413:
449:
389:
266:, on 5 August 1944. He was captured on 7 August and, including a period of seven weeks in a concentration camp, remained in a POW camp in Gerolstein, Germany, until liberated by the Allies on 8 March 1945. His son, Andrzej, was born during the Warsaw Uprising on 23 September, as Pluskowski later wrote, "on a table, in our cellar, in the middle of a German bombardment". Although he was unable to see his son for the first time until after the war ended, he wrote a moving letter on his name-day, sent from the prison camp in Gerolstein, Germany. Earlier, on 11 November, he had written a "Letter from Captivity" poem, later collected as part of the
242:. On one occasion, his wife supplied the ghetto with 97 grenades hidden in her fur coat. Pluskowski, who lived in the "Aryan" side, concealed eight Jewish families in his apartment and continued giving aid even after the Uprising had been crushed. In a statement issued by the Łódź Jewish Committee, 3 Dec 1946, Gustaw-Gerszen Miller testified that he and his family had been sheltered by the Pluskowskis in their multi-room home at 5 Elektoralna for over two and a half years, even though discovery would have meant instant execution for Józef and his family as well, and had been present in an adjoining room when Józef was interrogated by the
365:
353:
425:
119:
22:
169:. The Pabianice district history records, under the section on Peowiacy, presents a short memoir by Pluskowski of a clash with German police whilst curfew-breaking to hang POW posters in 1918. He also wrote a paper in 1932 entitled "Komendant Józef Piłsudzki w walce o wolność Polski". In 1937 his contribution was acknowledged with the
286:
On 26 August 1948, a certificate issued by the administrator of <ŚWIATŁO (Édition La Lumière) at Rue d'Alsace guaranteed Józef
Pluskowski an appointment as editor for a period of 12 months, at a salary of 15000 Francs (Ff). There is also a residence record at 3, Rue Brey, and his French identity
249:
Throughout this period of occupation, when teaching in Polish was forbidden, alongside its use in public meetings and cultural events, Pluskowski continued to write and participated in numerous clandestine poetry readings. His poems of that period, printed on a duplicating machine and circulated as
320:
At his funeral, a broadsheet was circulated with an article he had written for the Polish
Socialist Press, extolling "La Marseillaise" as a song that "since 1792 enflamed all those who had loved Freedom above all". It was entitled "Pieśń Purpurowa" (The Purple Song) and finished with the words,
291:
group arranged for his wife and son to leave Poland by train as Jewish immigrants travelling to the newly proclaimed State of Israel. They travelled on passports and papers issued to a
Rachelle Miller and her son Adam. Not trusting a four year old to remember a change of name, Andrzej/Adam was
273:
Liberated in March 1945, Pluskowski was, shortly after, made commander of the Polish Guard
Company alongside the US Army in Paris. He requested repatriation to Poland and returned via Reims/Épernay on 15 November. Records state that he had been wounded three times. Warsaw having been totally
295:
During this period, Pluskowski wrote poems of longing for his country, "Codzień Jestem w Kraju" (Every Day I am in My
Country) and "Tęsknota za Ojczyzną" (Longing for My Fatherland); a Parisian interlude "Paryskie Chimery" followed, describing times in favourite cafés and fishing in the
330:. She left the Torah scroll in Paris (with family friends, Mr and Mrs Neimann and Mr Z. Solski). Having settled into a teaching job in London with her children, in the late 1950s she instructed her Paris friends to bequeath the scroll to an appropriate Jewish institution.
412:
400:
274:
destroyed, he joined his family in nearby Mińsk
Mazowiecki, and attempted to start a business enterprise. He was, however, quickly made unwelcome by the authorities, briefly imprisoned, and only rescued due to the efforts of the Jewish Underground group
388:
316:
A second son, Grzegorz was born and in
October 1950, Pluskowski applied for immigration to the United States where he had distant relatives. His health had been steadily weakening, however, and he died of exhaustion in November at the age of 53.
238:. He found the Jewish Underground, provided forged documents for many of their members, served as a liaison between the ghetto and the outside, was a source of valuable information and supplied the fighters with ammunition for the
376:
436:
308:, the Jewish homeland. By the end of 1949, he had assembled a last, carefully chosen selection from all his poetic writings entitled "Dziewięćdziesiąt Cztery Utwory Poetyckie" (94 Poetic Creations) by Edition Libella, Paris.
448:
341:
in 1966. In May 2015, Józef
Pluskowski was added to the list of the Polish Righteous by the Museum of the History of Polish Jews, POLIN, in Warsaw. In March 2016, the Commission for Designation of the Righteous at
325:
parchment by the Miller family to take to safety. He brought it with him to Paris. Following his death, his wife Irena was invited to come to
Britain by former Polish President/Prime Minister in Exile, Mr
173:(Krzyź Niepodległości), awarded to individuals who had "fought heroically for the Independence of Poland". Among the various privileges, it gave recipients a right to be elected to the Senate of the
670:
246:
about smuggling Jews out of the ghetto and hiding them in
Grodzisk and Warsaw. He further states that during a second series of interrogations, which lasted seven days, Pluskowski was tortured.
161:
and fluent in Polish, German, Russian, and French, he returned to Pabianice where he became a teacher. During this time, from 1914-1918, he acted as a liaison-member of the secret
231:, divided the local population into those for quicker extermination (the Jews) and those assigned for slave labour. Miłosz wrote, "A generation was lost. Also cities. Nations."
675:
364:
665:
321:"always will the Marseillaise work its magic on people who long for Freedom and fight for it". When leaving Poland, Pluskowski had been entrusted with an ancient
304:). Among his last poems is one addressed "Do Żydów" (To the Jews) in which, having witnessed the horrors of the ghetto first-hand, he celebrated the creation of
262:
Pluskowski participated in the Warsaw Uprising as lieutenant of the Polish Armed Forces and was awarded Poland's highest military decoration for valor, the
424:
352:
623:
39:
660:
337:(Krzyż Armii Krajowej), given to commemorate the soldiers of the Home Army (Armja Krajowa) between 1939-1945 and established by General
685:
158:
105:
86:
58:
188:, both by Editions M. Fruchtman in Warsaw, 1938. In the same year, he married Irena Turczynska-Śikorska, a Warsaw schoolteacher.
680:
471:
65:
43:
394:
Józef Pluskowski's military record: as lieutenant; 7 weeks in a concentration camp; Virtuti Militari award; wounded 3 times
162:
157:
Józef was born to Julian Pluskowski and Agnieszka Dolewska in Pabianice, then under Prussian control. After studying at
72:
418:
A letter to "the brave emigrant Andrzej Pluskowski", signed by Tomasz Arciszewski (the Polish Prime Minister in exile)
292:
instructed, if asked his name, to answer, "I don't remember", an answer he persisted with for many months afterwards.
180:
Working in Warsaw as Inspector of Schools, he developed his ideas and published several volumes of poetry, including
234:
An active underground state grew up in opposition where Pluskowski was "assigned" by his superiors to work in the
54:
32:
220:
208:
239:
174:
134:
287:
card /passport, issued December 1948, lists his profession as Rédacteur-journaliste. In August 1948 the
170:
166:
254:. After readings, he always slept in different locations so as not to be identified or followed home.
655:
650:
228:
212:
604:
Archives of Łódź Jewish Committee, now in the archives of the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw
334:
79:
129:(22 December 1896 – 28 November 1950) was a Polish poet, teacher, administrator and member of the
631:
593:
475:
327:
224:
338:
531:
263:
215:, who had become the symbol of the defence of Warsaw. An early organiser of what became the
472:
http://www.um.pabianice.pl/informator-miejski/historia-miasta/wylowione-z-sieci/pluskowski
301:
278:
who spirited him over the Tatra Mountains to Czechoslovakia and eventually back to Paris.
138:
346:
awarded Józef Pluskowski and Irena Pluskowska the status of Righteous Among the Nations.
118:
644:
406:
Passport issued for emigration from Poland to Rachele Miller and her son Adam in 1948
297:
235:
216:
211:(Krzyź Walecznych). This was certified by the legendary ex-mayor, Civilian Commissar
322:
146:
21:
592:
Copy of the original documents in Polin; Museum of the History of Polish Jews,
343:
142:
130:
204:"Warsaw was said to have two special treasures: its mayor and its poets"
243:
382:
Deposition at Łódź Jewish Committee on Józef concealing Miller Family
333:
In 1968, Józef Pluskowski - "MIERZWA" - was posthumously awarded the
288:
275:
207:
During the Nazi-Soviet invasions of 1939, Pluskowski was awarded the
227:
period when the Nazis, as described by his contemporary, the poet
117:
570:
Document in archives of the Jewish Historical Institute in Warsaw
454:
Józef Pluskowski's and Irena Pluskowska's Yad Vashem medal, 2016
624:"Jozef Pluskowski - Polscy Sprawiedliwi - Przywracanie Pamięci"
442:
Józef Pluskowski's military insignia and Virtuti Militari award
133:
under the pseudonym "Mierzwa". He played an active role in the
594:
http://www.sprawiedliwi.org.pl/en/family/760,jozef-pluskowski/
476:
http://www.sprawiedliwi.org.pl/en/family/760,jozef-pluskowski/
15:
430:
Gerolstein, where Józef was sent to the Officers Transit Camp
219:(AK) resistance, Starzyński is believed to have been shot at
613:
A copy is kept in the French National Archives in Nanterre.
223:
in October 1943. Pluskowski remained in Warsaw during the
192:
came out in a second edition that same year followed by
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
370:Józef, Irena and Andrzej Pluskowski in Paris, 1948
583:. Warsaw: Odbito na powielaczu (self-published).
671:Recipients of the Virtuti Militari (1943–1989)
8:
490:Warsaw: M. Fruchtman; Pluskowski, J. 1938b.
676:Recipients of the Cross of Valour (Poland)
358:Józef and Irena Pluskowski in Warsaw, 1938
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
666:Recipients of the Cross of Independence
464:
348:
250:broadsheets, were collected in 1944 as
145:, Poland and died aged 53 in exile in
535:. Paris: Instytut Literacki, preface.
7:
44:adding citations to reliable sources
14:
518:Rising 44' 'The Battle for Warsaw
447:
435:
423:
411:
399:
387:
375:
363:
351:
200:Resistance and the Warsaw Ghetto
20:
31:needs additional citations for
1:
196:, also by Fruchtman in 1939.
163:Polish Military Organisation
505:Trubadur z kolorowych bajek
194:Trubadur z kolorowych bajek
702:
661:Warsaw Uprising insurgents
686:20th-century Polish poets
159:St Petersburg University
628:www.sprawiedliwi.org.pl
581:Z walki i pracy. Poezje
507:. Warsaw: M. Fruchtman.
252:Z walki i pracy. Poezje
559:Their Brothers Keepers
546:Their Brothers Keepers
486:Pluskowski, J. 1938a.
240:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
135:Warsaw Ghetto Uprising
123:
681:People from Pabianice
579:Pluskowski, J. 1944.
503:Pluskowski, J. 1939.
300:(with his old friend
225:"Generalgouvernement"
171:Cross of Independence
121:
494:Warsaw: M. Fruchtman
40:improve this article
557:Friedman, P. 1957.
544:Friedman, P. 1957.
335:Armia Krajowa Cross
561:. New York: Crown.
548:. New York: Crown.
488:Na rubieżach śnień
328:Tomasz Arciszewski
182:Na rubieżach śnień
175:Republic of Poland
124:
55:"Józef Pluskowski"
529:Miłosz, C. 1953.
516:Davies, N. 2004.
312:Death and funeral
213:Stefan Starzyński
149:, Paris, France.
141:. He was born in
131:Polish Resistance
116:
115:
108:
90:
693:
636:
635:
630:. Archived from
620:
614:
611:
605:
602:
596:
590:
584:
577:
571:
568:
562:
555:
549:
542:
536:
532:Zniewolony umysł
527:
521:
514:
508:
501:
495:
484:
478:
469:
451:
439:
427:
415:
403:
391:
379:
367:
355:
264:Virtuti Militari
165:(POW) formed by
127:Józef Pluskowski
122:Józef Pluskowski
111:
104:
100:
97:
91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
701:
700:
696:
695:
694:
692:
691:
690:
641:
640:
639:
622:
621:
617:
612:
608:
603:
599:
591:
587:
578:
574:
569:
565:
556:
552:
543:
539:
528:
524:
515:
511:
502:
498:
485:
481:
470:
466:
462:
455:
452:
443:
440:
431:
428:
419:
416:
407:
404:
395:
392:
383:
380:
371:
368:
359:
356:
314:
302:Zygmunt Zaremba
284:
260:
258:Warsaw Uprising
209:Cross of Valour
202:
167:Józef Piłsudski
155:
139:Warsaw Uprising
112:
101:
95:
92:
49:
47:
37:
25:
12:
11:
5:
699:
697:
689:
688:
683:
678:
673:
668:
663:
658:
653:
643:
642:
638:
637:
634:on 2015-09-24.
615:
606:
597:
585:
572:
563:
550:
537:
522:
520:. London: Pan.
509:
496:
492:Płomienne dale
479:
463:
461:
458:
457:
456:
453:
446:
444:
441:
434:
432:
429:
422:
420:
417:
410:
408:
405:
398:
396:
393:
386:
384:
381:
374:
372:
369:
362:
360:
357:
350:
339:Bór-Komorowski
313:
310:
283:
280:
268:Kolorowe listy
259:
256:
229:Czesław Miłosz
201:
198:
190:Płomienne dale
186:Płomienne dale
154:
151:
114:
113:
28:
26:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
698:
687:
684:
682:
679:
677:
674:
672:
669:
667:
664:
662:
659:
657:
654:
652:
649:
648:
646:
633:
629:
625:
619:
616:
610:
607:
601:
598:
595:
589:
586:
582:
576:
573:
567:
564:
560:
554:
551:
547:
541:
538:
534:
533:
526:
523:
519:
513:
510:
506:
500:
497:
493:
489:
483:
480:
477:
473:
468:
465:
459:
450:
445:
438:
433:
426:
421:
414:
409:
402:
397:
390:
385:
378:
373:
366:
361:
354:
349:
347:
345:
340:
336:
331:
329:
324:
318:
311:
309:
307:
306:Eretz Yisrael
303:
299:
293:
290:
282:Life in exile
281:
279:
277:
271:
269:
265:
257:
255:
253:
247:
245:
241:
237:
232:
230:
226:
222:
218:
217:Armja Krajowa
214:
210:
205:
199:
197:
195:
191:
187:
183:
178:
176:
172:
168:
164:
160:
152:
150:
148:
144:
140:
136:
132:
128:
120:
110:
107:
99:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
71:
67:
64:
60:
57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
632:the original
627:
618:
609:
600:
588:
580:
575:
566:
558:
553:
545:
540:
530:
525:
517:
512:
504:
499:
491:
487:
482:
467:
332:
323:Torah scroll
319:
315:
305:
294:
285:
272:
267:
261:
251:
248:
233:
206:
203:
193:
189:
185:
181:
179:
156:
126:
125:
102:
93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
656:1950 deaths
651:1896 births
298:River Marne
147:Montfermeil
645:Categories
460:References
344:Yad Vashem
153:Early life
66:newspapers
143:Pabianice
270:series.
137:and the
96:May 2015
244:Gestapo
80:scholar
289:Bricha
276:Bricha
236:ghetto
221:Dachau
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
87:JSTOR
73:books
184:and
59:news
42:by
647::
626:.
474:;
177:.
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
