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Brill's primary (and large) plant was at 62nd and
Woodland Ave., adjacent to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad which it used for shipping its products. One particularly large order in 1911, was for 1,500 streetcars for the Philadelphia Rapid Transit Company. It took two years to build those trolleys, with delivery rates at times exceeding 100 cars a month. All told, more than 30,000 rail vehicles were produced at the Brill plant. In its best years, a workforce of 3,000 Philadelphians was employed by Brill, with many being skilled laborers and carpenter craftsmen. The Brill Company's primary competitors over the years were the St. Louis Car Company, the Cincinnati Car Company, and Pullman. Cincinnati was the first trolley manufacturer to use aluminum, this on the Cincinnati and Lake Erie's innovative lightweight and fast 1930 "Red Devils." These ended life on Pennsylvania's Lehigh Valley Transit. St Louis Car outlasted Brill by being a major builder of subway cars for Chicago and New York City. Pullman tended to build more massive cars, such as for Chicago's North Shore and South Shore lines.
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ridership due to the
Depression led to the bankruptcy of many trolley and streetcar railways, especially in smaller centres. In turn, this collapsed the demand for new trolleys and streetcars. Attempts by Brill to provide acceptable new designs went nowhere. The last rail cars built by J.G. Brill were 25 streamliner Brilliners for Atlantic City in 1939, and a final ten PCC-competitive Brilliner streetcars for Philadelphia's Red Arrow Lines two years later. Brill's production was dramatically shifted to rubber-tired vehicles. More than 8,000 gasoline- and electric-powered buses (
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539:(Presidents' Conference Committee) car looked somewhat like the first PCCs and had a foot operated speed control like an automobile accelerator pedal. The Brilliner was not successful when compared to the PCC. Underpowered. Few were sold, whereas PCCs were well sold worldwide. Twenty-four built for Atlantic City's Miss America Fleet.
326:
Heavy weight full railroad-size gas electric cars capable of towing up to two trailers were manufactured using
General Electric Company electrical equipment and various engine manufacturers, for branch line service that had minimal passenger traffic. This was to comply with U.S. Post Office contracts
528:
Master Unit - built 1931-36. Steel frame with aluminum side construction to reduce weight, the Master Unit had a traditional GE or
Westinghouse control stand and was capable of 70 mph. The 1930s Great Depression brought declining ridership and revenue to most streetcar companies. The answer was
335:
The rapidly growing ownership and use of automobiles created a huge demand for paved roads and streets. Cities and towns struggling to cover the cost of these projects during the Great
Depression applied "paving" taxes to the privately-owned trolley and streetcar companies, which combined with lower
616:
The lines that operated interurban passenger cars recognized in the mid-1920s that they needed faster, quieter, more power-efficient equipment. Until then, the wooden and most of the steel interurban cars were large, sat high, and were heavy. Streetcars were slow, noisy, and clumsy to operate using
251:
manufacturing firm. Its large factory complex was located in southwest
Philadelphia at 62nd St and Woodland Avenue, adjacent to the Baltimore and Ohio Railroad tracks. At its peak of operation, it was one of Philadelphias's largest employers. Over the years, it absorbed numerous other manufacturers
317:
in 1921, which ceased operating in 1923. With rapid internal growth plus these acquisitions, Brill became the largest rail car manufacturer in the world. As large orders continued to be won, new facilities continued to be added in
Philadelphia, including steel forges and cavernous erecting shops.
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acquired a controlling interest in ACF-Brill for $ 7.5 million. Consolidated Vultee was sold the following year to the
Nashville Corporation, which in 1951 sold its share to investment firm Allen & Co. In early 1954, the Brill name disappeared when ACF-Brill ceased production and
524:
cars, with passengers entering and exiting via doors located at the center of the car. These cars required a two man crew, a conductor at the doors, and an operator. At a time of difficult financial conditions, in order to eliminate the conductor, many were rebuilt into one-man
529:
to reduce operating costs and keep going or to abandon outright. On the
Philadelphia and West Chester interurban, their Master Unit purchase “80 cars,” as they were known, the lighter weight reduced electricity consumption. Built for one man operation.
668:
ordered
Bullets, albeit a single-ended, single-unit "trolley-ized" version. Five were procured in mid-Depression 1932 for passenger business that was rapidly declining. In 1936, the closing FJ&G sold these Bullets to the
379:. The firm built about 1,100 trolley buses and a few thousand buses under the name. Brill had earlier (in 1908) established a company in France (Cie. J.G. Brill of Gallardon, which was sold to Electroforge in 1935).
340:) were built in the 1940s. By the early 1950s the bus orders had diminished. In March 1954, the Brill plant was sold to the Penn Fruit Company and a strip mall was built on the eastern end of the site. In 1926,
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664:. The Bullets could attain speeds as high as 92 mph (148 km/h). They were very successful, and operated until the 1980s, but Brill sold few others. Only the central New York state interurban
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629:, and Brill worked to design equipment for a better ride at high speed, improved passenger comfort, and reduced power consumption. This particularly involved designing low-level trucks (
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Steel heavy interurban cars built 1920-1930s. The Brill "Center Door" car was typical of suburban trolleys and interurbans built around 1920. These tended to be large, heavy,
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743:"sweet train", a deluxe excursion train. It comprises two power cars and two newly-built trailer cars based on a set of 5 luxury Brill cars the original
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313:(Massachusetts). Brill acquired a controlling share of the Danville Car Company in 1908, dissolving it in 1911, then the Canadian railway car builder
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Model 55 (1924–38), Model 65 (1924) and Model 75 (1924–) railcars. Almost 300 were built for US and foreign railroads. A major purchaser was the
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Brill also manufactured the Pack Howitzer 75 mm cannon for the U.S. Military during the years between WWI and WWII.
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1080:. (Coverage: photographs of Brilliners, Bullets and other Brill designs, on Philadelphia and Western line and in shops.)
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704:. A third is a part of a restaurant building in Springville, Utah, but is barely recognizable as a Bullet.
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acquired a controlling interest in what had become the Brill Corporation. The new structure consisted of:
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in Utah, which ran them in high-speed service between Salt Lake City and Ogden until the mid-1950s.
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Brill diners – Brill sold and designed diners, generally through one of its four subsidiaries, the
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ordered in 1908 but never used before nationalization. Scale models of the original cars at the
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The interurban design result was the aluminum-and-steel, wind-tunnel-developed, slope-roof "
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1065:. (Coverage: list of US interurban car manufacturers, pp 416–417; Bullet design, pp 68–70.)
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943:"[Exhibit 61: 75 class railcar] R.C. 41 South Australian Railways – Broad Gauge"
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A Brill Bullet (right) passes a pair of "Strafford Cars" (left), Philadelphia, June 1968
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subcontracted its remaining orders. Brill granted licenses to build its vehicles to the
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1151:, including approximately 16,000 photographs, are available for research use at the
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from the P&W line. With a top speed at 92 mph (148 km/h) it was a forerunner of
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For the heritage tramway line in England (unrelated to the J.G. Brill Company), see
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Although the company ceased production in 1954, some of its interurbans served the
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913:"[Exhibit 60: 55 class railcar] 8 South Australian Railways – Broad Gauge"
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manufacturer. At its height, Brill was the largest manufacturer of streetcars and
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in the United States for nearly 90 years, hence the longest-lasting trolley and
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requiring reduced crew sizes. The Pennsylvania Railroad was a large purchaser.
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cars than any other manufacturer, building more than 45,000 streetcars alone.
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Share certificate issued by the J. G. Brill Company, issued on April 11, 1921
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in Indiana. In 1944, with rail car business diminishing, it merged with the
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power cars (all but the first being constructed in South Australia at the
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641:, worked on a new interurban design and on a new streetcar design (the
581:, including T30, T40, 40SMT, 44SMT and, as ACF-Brill, TC44 and T46/TC46
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the J.G. Brill Company. In 1944, the two companies merged, forming the
825:
History of the J.G. Brill Company (Series: Railroads Past and Present)
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949:. National Railway Museum Incorporated. November 2017. Archived from
919:. National Railway Museum Incorporated. November 2017. Archived from
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the motor controller "stand" of the time. Car manufacturers such as
621:(who already in 1922 made a lightweight, albeit slow, interurban),
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633:) able to handle rough track at speed. Brill, in conjunction with
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Traditional arch-windowed, all-wood interurban cars. 1890-1920s.
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Hall-Scott: the untold story of a great American engine maker
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in Perris, California, and another has been preserved by the
517:) plus trailers. The last was withdrawn from service in 1971.
1102:. (Coverage: development of improved interurban car design.)
612:. No. 206 on display at Steamtown in Scranton, Pennsylvania.
542:
Brill "Bullet" car, 1929–1932. For suburban/interurban use.
293:. After James Rawle joined the firm in 1872 it was renamed
696:
in Washington, Pennsylvania. A Bamberger Bullet is in the
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to manufacture and sell throughout Canada motor buses and
509:
power cars plus trailers in 1924, followed in 1928 by 39
1806:
Defunct rolling stock manufacturers of the United States
719:
Observation car Sutoku 9000 of the original "Aru Ressha"
232:
in the US and produced more streetcars, interurbans and
1124:, SAE International Book Publishing, Warrendale, 2007.
656:
cars, the first of which were purchased in 1931 by the
428:
1851:
Defunct manufacturing companies based in Pennsylvania
1846:
Electric vehicle manufacturers of the United States
1826:
Vehicle manufacturing companies established in 1868
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1164:Photos of Red Arrow Trolleys, including Brill cars
1072:, Morning Sun Books, Scotch Plains, 1998. Vol. 2.
276:area until the 1980s and similarly in Australia.
549:. The last one believed to be operating is the
1831:Manufacturing companies disestablished in 1954
1801:Defunct bus manufacturers of the United States
676:Three of the SEPTA Bullet cars are now at the
1821:Manufacturing companies based in Philadelphia
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1194:
1003:"Philadelphia & West Chester Traction 78"
8:
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970:
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39:
1117:. (Coverage: development of Bullet design.)
1088:The Electric Interurban Railways in America
666:Fonda, Johnstown, and Gloversville Railroad
1388:
1374:
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1023:. Milwaukee: Kalmbach Publishing Company.
761:Frankfort and Cincinnati Model 55 Rail Car
735:, one of the constituent companies of the
688:in Orbisonia, Pennsylvania. One is at the
289:In 1868, the Brill company was founded as
38:
1655:General Motors Diesel Division (GM Coach)
885:
883:
818:
816:
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788:, p. 101. St. Louis: Archway Publishing.
727:Scale models of the Aru Ressha Brill cars
1740:Transportation Manufacturing Corporation
1120:Bradford, Francis H. & Dias, Ric A.
1109:, Arcadia Publishing, Charleston, 2007.
385:Consolidated Vultee Aircraft Corporation
777:
363:. In the same year, ACF-Brill licensed
1841:1954 disestablishments in Pennsylvania
871:Transit's Stepchild: The Trolley Coach
804:The Historical Society of Pennsylvania
692:in St. Louis, Missouri. One is at the
7:
559:National Register of Historic Places
1836:1868 establishments in Pennsylvania
1775:Yellow Coach Manufacturing Company
1439:Environmental Performance Vehicles
1153:Historical Society of Pennsylvania
981:. Charleston: Arcadia Publishing.
848:Szilagyi, Mike (January 5, 2012).
711:Brill look-alike cars in the 2010s
698:Southern California Railway Museum
192:A 1903 Brill-built streetcar on a
25:
690:National Museum of Transportation
658:Philadelphia and Western Railroad
1214:American Car and Foundry Company
751:were used to derive the design.
491:safety car – by subsidiary, the
415:
390:Canadian Car and Foundry Company
348:ACF Motors Company, which owned
342:American Car and Foundry Company
297:. In 1902, Brill bought out the
266:American Car and Foundry Company
45:
977:Springirth, Kenneth C. (2007).
1680:Les Enterprises Michel Corbeil
1212:manufacturing predecessors of
1107:Suburban Philadelphia Trolleys
1070:Pennsylvania Trolleys in Color
979:Suburban Philadelphia Trolleys
396:streetcars, trolley buses and
1:
1710:North American Bus Industries
1143:History of J.G. Brill Company
786:Veteran & Vintage Transit
352:(100%) and controlled 90% of
827:. Indiana University Press.
823:Brill, Debra (August 2001).
682:Electric City Trolley Museum
535:– Brill's competitor to the
350:Hall-Scott Motor Car Company
285:Trolleys and interurban cars
1700:Millennium Transit Services
1660:GM Truck and Coach Division
1055:Kalmbach Publishing Company
694:Pennsylvania Trolley Museum
684:in Scranton. One is at the
547:Wason Manufacturing Company
515:Islington Railway Workshops
311:Wason Manufacturing Company
239:The company was founded by
1867:
1149:J.G. Brill Company Records
1094:, Stanford, reissue 2000.
702:Utah State Railroad Museum
662:Norristown High Speed Line
309:(New Jersey); and in 1907
29:
27:Rolling stock manufacturer
1092:Stanford University Press
869:; and Ward, Paul (1973).
784:Young, Andrew D. (1997).
749:Hara Model Railway Museum
557:, which is listed on the
503:South Australian Railways
453:South Australian Railways
402:South Australian Railways
303:G. C. Kuhlman Car Company
166:39.9273472°N 75.2291959°W
44:
1816:Trolleybus manufacturers
1640:Fifth Avenue Bus Company
1610:Canadian Car and Foundry
1174:The Tramways of Colombia
1169:Brill history and photos
891:"The J.G. Brill Company"
854:Hidden City Philadelphia
850:"And Then There Was One"
569:Large cars with trailers
365:Canadian Car and Foundry
361:ACF-Brill Motors Company
1620:Crown Coach Corporation
1105:Springirth, Kenneth C.
947:National Railway Museum
917:National Railway Museum
873:, p. 127. Los Angeles:
686:Rockhill Trolley Museum
678:Seashore Trolley Museum
459:railcar no. 106 on the
322:Gas electric motor cars
307:John Stephenson Company
305:(Cleveland), then the
171:39.9273472; -75.2291959
1765:Wayne Wheeled Vehicles
1735:Superior Coach Company
1715:Optima Bus Corporation
1615:Carpenter Body Company
1506:Motor Coach Industries
733:Kyushu Railway Company
728:
720:
619:Cincinnati Car Company
613:
592:Bullet interurban cars
484:
472:
464:
463:heritage line in 2006.
295:The J.G. Brill Company
212:, interurban coaches,
201:
185:
57:Privately held company
1048:Middleton, William D.
1017:Middleton, William D.
766:List of tram builders
726:
718:
623:St. Louis Car Company
599:
483:in Philadelphia, 1978
478:
470:
450:
404:(Model 75 railcars).
191:
183:
1750:U.S. Bus Corporation
1730:St Louis Car Company
1316:Common Sense Bolster
1238:Jackson & Woodin
1068:Volkmer, William D.
1057:, Milwaukee, 2000 .
953:on February 16, 2017
893:. American-Rails.com
737:Japan Railways Group
565:Peter Witt streetcar
493:American Car Company
429:adding missing items
299:American Car Company
131:Streetcars (trams),
1796:J. G. Brill Company
1770:White Motor Company
1720:Orion International
1312:Jackson & Sharp
1243:Michigan-Peninsular
1086:& Due, John F.
739:, has operated the
604:interurban railcar
587:IC-41 intercity bus
577:Numerous models of
555:Lynn, Massachusetts
461:Pichi Richi Railway
375:of their design as
315:Preston Car Company
291:J.G. Brill and Sons
206:J. G. Brill Company
162: /
41:
40:J. G. Brill Company
1811:Tram manufacturers
1297:Later acquisitions
1288:Wells & French
1051:The Interurban Era
1021:The Interurban Era
729:
721:
671:Bamberger Railroad
614:
505:, which bought 12
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427:; you can help by
377:Canadian Car-Brill
202:
194:heritage streetcar
186:
99:1954 (acquired by
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1760:Wayne Corporation
1690:Marmon-Herrington
1625:Dupont Industries
1518:Phoenix Motorcars
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1084:Hilton, George W.
479:A 1947 ACF-Brill
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260:in Cleveland and
241:John George Brill
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101:GE Transportation
90:John George Brill
16:(Redirected from
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923:on April 9, 2016
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457:Brill Model 75
455:narrow-bodied
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436:September 2011
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1417:Daimler Truck
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584:C-36 city bus
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551:Capitol Diner
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423:This list is
421:
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386:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
355:
354:Fageol Motors
351:
347:
346:
345:
343:
339:
338:trolley buses
330:
328:
321:
319:
316:
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308:
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231:
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223:
222:railroad cars
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208:manufactured
207:
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142:
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122:United States
118:
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91:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
43:
37:
33:
32:Brill Tramway
19:
1665:Goshen Coach
1444:Forest River
1398:bus builders
1351:
1336:Indianapolis
1210:Railroad car
1159:Brill Bullet
1121:
1106:
1087:
1069:
1050:
1042:Bibliography
1020:
1011:
997:
978:
957:November 30,
955:. Retrieved
951:the original
946:
937:
927:November 30,
925:. Retrieved
921:the original
916:
907:
897:February 23,
895:. Retrieved
870:
862:
853:
843:
824:
800:
785:
780:
730:
706:
675:
647:
635:Westinghouse
615:
605:
579:trolleybuses
522:double-ended
433:
382:
376:
360:
334:
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294:
290:
288:
274:Philadelphia
269:
245:Philadelphia
238:
234:gas-electric
218:trolleybuses
205:
203:
147:
141:trolleybuses
117:Pennsylvania
113:Philadelphia
108:Headquarters
54:Company type
36:
1705:Neoplan USA
1685:Mack Trucks
1557:Volvo Buses
1278:Terre Haute
1273:St. Charles
1221:1899 merger
875:Interurbans
867:Sebree, Mac
602:streamlined
481:trolley bus
400:), and the
398:motor buses
301:; in 1904,
254:interurbans
243:in 1868 in
214:motor buses
169: /
137:motor buses
1790:Categories
1745:Twin Coach
1595:AM General
1547:Trans Tech
1486:GreenPower
1304:Bloomsburg
1268:Ohio Falls
834:0253339499
772:References
741:Aru Ressha
572:Small cars
451:Preserved
425:incomplete
394:Peter Witt
270:ACF-Brill.
256:, such as
226:interurban
210:streetcars
157:75°13′45″W
154:39°55′38″N
135:railcars,
133:interurban
18:J.G. Brill
1630:Eagle Bus
1590:Aerocoach
1585:ACF-Brill
1530:REV Group
1511:New Flyer
1501:NFI Group
1469:Starcraft
1412:Blue Bird
533:Brilliner
383:In 1946,
1670:Kenworth
1645:FitzJohn
1562:Nova Bus
1552:Vicinity
1542:Stallion
1523:Proterra
1481:Girardin
1459:ElDorado
1449:Champion
1324:Southern
1253:Missouri
1019:(1965).
755:See also
511:Model 75
507:Model 55
408:Products
369:Montreal
249:horsecar
196:line in
128:Products
62:Industry
1650:Flxible
1578:Defunct
1567:Prevost
1454:Collins
1344:Pacific
1263:Niagara
1248:Minerva
1228:Buffalo
627:Pullman
280:History
258:Kuhlman
247:, as a
200:in 2010
96:Defunct
86:Founder
78:Founded
1635:Fageol
1600:AmTran
1491:IC Bus
1476:Gillig
1464:Glaval
1427:Thomas
1405:Active
1355:(1926)
1347:(1924)
1339:(1905)
1327:(1904)
1319:(1901)
1307:(1899)
1233:Ensign
1128:
1113:
1098:
1076:
1061:
1027:
985:
831:
792:
650:Bullet
631:bogies
606:Bullet
489:Birney
262:Jewett
139:, and
1422:Setra
1352:Brill
1283:Union
525:cars.
356:; and
331:Buses
70:Genre
1695:MASA
1605:Beck
1496:Lion
1434:DINA
1147:The
1126:ISBN
1111:ISBN
1096:ISBN
1074:ISBN
1059:ISBN
1025:ISBN
983:ISBN
959:2017
929:2017
899:2016
829:ISBN
790:ISBN
637:and
600:The
220:and
204:The
81:1868
1535:ENC
1332:ICF
645:).
643:PCC
553:in
537:PCC
431:.
367:of
1792::
1334:,
1314:,
1090:,
1053:,
967:^
945:.
915:.
882:^
852:.
809:^
652:"
625:,
216:,
120:,
115:,
1389:e
1382:t
1375:v
1202:e
1195:t
1188:v
1155:.
1132:.
1033:.
1005:.
991:.
961:.
931:.
901:.
856:.
837:.
561:.
495:.
438:)
434:(
392:(
103:)
34:.
20:)
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