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Wilkins had two children with his first wife Gloria Louise
Steward (d. 1980) whom he married in June 1947, married Maxine G. Malone in 1984. He was married a third time to Vera Wood Anderson in Chicago in September 2003. He had a daughter, Sharon, and a son, J. Ernest III, during his first marriage.
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Knowing that men of high qualifications are scarce these days, I thought that it might be useful that I suggest a capable person for this job. Mr. Wilkins in Wigner's group at the
Metallurgical Laboratory has been doing, according to Wigner, excellent work. He is a colored man and since Wigner's
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co-developed the Wigner-Wilkins approach for estimating the distribution of neutron energies within nuclear reactors, which is the basis for how all nuclear reactors are designed. Wilkins later went on to become the
President of the American Nuclear Society in 1974.
388:
J. Ernest
Wilkins Jr. (right) At the Conference for African American Researchers in the Mathematical Sciences (CAARMS), Mathematical Sciences Research Institute (MSRI), Berkeley, California in June 1995. Next to him are, from left to right:
310:(who was the director of war research at Columbia at the time) of Wilkins's abilities, informing him about the issue caused by local reactions to Wilkins's race, and recommending his services for a new position. As Teller explained:
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To improve communication between mathematicians and nuclear engineers on a project, Wilkins earned bachelor's (1957) and master's degrees (1960) in mechanical engineering from
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research in both academia and industry. He wrote numerous scientific papers, served in various important posts, earned several significant awards and helped recruit
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with Robert L. Hellens and Paul E. Zweifel, "Status of
Experimental and Theoretical Information on Neutron Slowing-Down Distributions in Hydrogenous Media," in
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and also to help found the university's PhD program in mathematics. During his tenure at Howard he undertook a sabbatical position as a visiting scientist at
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at the age of 13, becoming its youngest ever student. His graduation at a young age resulted in him being hailed as "the Negro Genius" in the national media.
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group is moving to "X" it is not possible for him to continue work with that group. I think that it might be a good idea to secure his services for our work.
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in mathematics at the
University of Chicago. He went on to an MS and PhD in mathematics at the same institution, which he completed in 1941 and 1942.
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862:
Agwu, Nkechi & Nkwanta, Asamoah, "Dr. J Ernest
Wilkins Jr.: The Man and His Works: Mathematician, Physicist and Engineer", Nathaniel Dean, ed.,
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615:
563:, in a special ceremony that included the dedication of his portrait and a plaque in the Eckhart Hall Tea Room of its Physical Sciences Division;
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283:. Wilkins was the co-discoverer or discoverer of a number of phenomena in physics such as the Wilkins effect and the Wigner–Wilkins spectra.
275:, Wilkins researched the extraction of fissionable nuclear materials, but was not told of the research group's ultimate goal until after the
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1042:, U.S. Department Of Energy, Office of Public Affairs, U.S.Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C., 1979, pp. 14–15, DOE/OPA-0035(79)
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ed. by
Nathaniel Dean, NSF Science and Technology Center in Discrete Mathematics and Theoretical Computer Science, AMS Bookstore, 1997,
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Effect of the
Temperature of the Moderator on the Velocity Distribution of Neutrons With Numerical Calculations for H as a Moderator
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honoring him in the
Eckhart Hall Tea Room of the Physical Sciences Division, University of Chicago in 2007. (Courtesy: Dan Dry)
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with J. N. Kibe, "Apodization for Maximum Central Irradiance and Specified Large Rayleigh Limit of Resolution II ",
355:, thus earning five science degrees during his life. It also qualified him to design and build nuclear facilities.
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Wilkins then continued to teach mathematics and conduct significant research in neutron absorption with physicist
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Having initially been unable to secure a research position, Wilkins taught mathematics from 1943 to 1944 at the
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Wilkins had a widely varied career, spanning seven decades and including significant contributions to pure and
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Throughout his years of research Wilkins published more than 100 papers on a variety of subjects, including
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1141:, University of Chicago News Office, February 27, 2007, updated July 23, 2007. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
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926:, Wilkins' father and the first African American to participate in White House cabinet-level meetings
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University of Chicago to Commemorate Accomplishments of Mathematics Alumnus J. Ernest Wilkins Jr.
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University of Chicago to Commemorate Accomplishments of Mathematics Alumnus J. Ernest Wilkins Jr.
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Voices of Historical and Contemporary Black American Pioneers (Volume I: Medicine and Science)
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with Shantay A. Souter "Mean Number of Real Zeros of a Random Trigonometric Polynomial. III",
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761:"The Expected Value of the Number of Real Zeros of a Random Sum of Legendre Polynomials",
705:"The Silverman Necessary Condition for Multiple Integrals in the Calculus of Variations",
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Black Contributors to Science and Energy Technology (Biographical sketch: Ernest Wilkins)
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with Keshav N. Srivastava, "Minimum Critical Mass Nuclear Reactors, Part I and Part II",
740:"An Asymptotic Expansion for the Expected Number of Real Zeros of a Random Polynomial",
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Damn Near White: An African American Family's Rise from Slavery to Bittersweet Success
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Damn Near White: An African American Family's Rise from Slavery to Bittersweet Success
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1376:"Race, Sustainability, and Social Justice: A Conversation with the Wilkins Brothers"
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The Girls of Atomic City: The Untold Story of the Women Who Helped Win World War II
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in Boston, wrote of Wilkins' father and her family more generally in her biography
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1014:, Department of Mathematics, University of Buffalo. Retrieved online May 7, 2011.
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University of Chicago Alumni Association, Professional Achievement Citation, 1997.
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and Wilkins spectra, discovered during the 1940s, are named or co-named after him;
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Proceedings of the International Conference on the Peaceful Uses of Atomic Energy
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The Golden Anniversary Celebration of the National Association of Mathematicians
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Wilkins died on May 1, 2011, in Fountain Hills, Arizona. He was buried at the
487:. In 2010 a niece of Wilkins, Carolyn Marie Wilkins, Professor of Music at the
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In 1944 he returned to the University of Chicago where he served first as an
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Kessler, James H., Kidd, J. S., Kidd, Renée A. & Morin, Katherine A.,
866:, (Providence, RI: American Mathematical Society, 1997), pp. 195–205;
680:"Mean Number of Real Zeroes of a Random Trigonometric Polynomial. II," in
64:
789:"Optimization of Extended Surfaces for Heat Transfer", video recording,
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Topics in Polynomials of One or Several Variables and Their Applications
1320:(media release), News Office, University of Chicago, February 27, 2007.
444:, garnering numerous professional and scientific awards along the way.
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into the sciences. During his life he was often the target of racism.
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60:
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806:, MAA Online website, November 19, 2003, originally published in the
768:"Mean Number of Real Zeros of a Random Trigonometric Polynomial IV",
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Journal of the Optical Society of America A, Optics and Image Science
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was informed about this, he wrote a letter on September 18, 1944, to
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Ortega, Omayra; Lawrence, Emille Davie; Goins, Edray Herber (2020).
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and in 1976 became the second African American to be elected to the
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African American scientists and technicians on the Manhattan Project
208:, civil and nuclear engineering, and optics. Wilkins was one of the
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African Americans in Mathematics: DIMACS Workshop, June 26–28, 1996
535:
383:
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1475:"Full Cast of Oppenheimer: Every Main Actor & Who They Play"
733:"A Modulus of Continuity for a Class of Quasismooth Functions",
1157:, University of Chicago, March 2, 2007. Retrieved June 9, 2011.
775:"Mean Number of Real Zeros of a Random Hyperbolic Polynomial",
777:
International Journal of Mathematics and Mathematical Sciences
618:, Advisory Committee on Reactor Safeguards, Chairman, 1990–94;
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Distinguished African American Scientists of the 20th Century
302:, Wilkins would have been prevented from working there. When
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NAM, Honorary Life Member, Lifetime Achievement Award, 1994;
660:, Nevai, Paul and Allan Pinkus, eds., Academic Press, 1991;
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Part of his early life is retold in the 1948 radio drama "
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https://www.atomicheritage.org/profile/j-ernest-wilkins-jr
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Wilkins is portrayed by Ronald Auguste in the 2023 film
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Zerbonia, Ralph G. (contrib. by Alic, Margaret) (2005)
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When Wilkins's team was about to be transferred to the
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Gates, Henry Louis & Higginbotham, Evelyn Brooks.
982:, Gale Research Inc, 2005, Vol. 49 (Original from the
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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Stochastic Analysis
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Journal of Applied Mathematics and Stochastic Analysis
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Department of Energy, Special Recognition Award, 1996;
1248:"Edward Teller Letter Concerning Black Mathematician"
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From 1974 to 1975 Wilkins served as president of the
1204:, Oxford University Press, U.S., 2004, pp. 883–884,
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Polytechnic Institute of New York University alumni
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U.S. Army Outstanding Civilian Service Medal, 1980;
520:, named one of the top-ten films of 2023 by the
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1250:. The National Archives at Atlanta. Archived from
612:, Board of Directors, 1967–77, President, 1974–75;
173:(November 27, 1923 – May 1, 2011) was an American
1052:Farmer, Vernon L.; Shepherd-Wynn, Evelyn (2012).
919:List of African-American inventors and scientists
1449:"Why Are We Still Whitewashing History In 2023?"
1103:"Obituary of J. Ernest Wilkins, Jr. (1923-2011)"
763:Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society
749:Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society
742:Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society
735:Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society
707:Proceedings of the American Mathematical Society
696:Systematic Calculations of Gamma-Ray Penetration
417:, and retired again for his last time in 2003.
263:in its Metallurgical Laboratory, as part of the
471:Wilkins is the uncle of two notable attorneys:
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1279:. American Mathematical Society. p. 177.
1176:Contemporary Black Biography: Encyclopedia.com
694:with Herbert Goldstein and L. Volume Spencer,
616:National Research Council of the United States
627:U.S. Army Science Board, chairman, 1970–2001.
8:
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294:(known at the time as site "X"), due to the
871:Notable Scientists from 1900 to the Present
712:"A Variational Problem in Hilbert Space, "
331:, becoming part owner of one such company.
1153:Y., M.R., University of Chicago Magazine.
893:Tubbs, Vincent. "Adjustment of a Genius."
572:QEM Network, Giant in Science Award, 1994;
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674:The Collected Works of Eugene Paul Wigner
555:In March 2007 Wilkins was honored by his
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1010:Mathematicians of the African Diaspora.
604:American Society of Mechanical Engineers
587:Some of Wilkins's memberships included:
1619:United States Army Science Board people
1447:Rayford, Rayna Reid (August 13, 2023).
1354:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
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1101:Mickens, Ronald E. (January 18, 2013).
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836:MacTutor History of Mathematics Archive
830:O'Connor, J.J. & Robertson, E. F.,
825:State University of New York at Buffalo
243:(now Tuskegee University) in Tuskegee,
1403:, University of Missouri Press, 2010,
882:, Oryx Press, 1996, pp. 331–334,
821:Mathematicians of the African Diaspora
808:National Association of Mathematicians
401:From 1990 Wilkins lived and worked in
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1579:20th-century American mathematicians
905:Black Mathematicians and Their Works
714:Applied Mathematics and Optimization
684:, World Scientific Publishing, 1993.
1517:, 2006. Retrieved from Answers.com
345:U.S. Department of Energy biography
1473:Thompson, David (August 1, 2023).
1226:. Simon and Schuster. p. 47.
1085:Atomic Heritage Foundation, 2019.
362:as its distinguished professor of
27:American mathematician (1923–2011)
25:
1515:Gale Contemporary Black Biography
986:), Digitized September 17, 2008,
632:Selected writings and other works
622:Oak Ridge Associated Universities
358:In 1970 Wilkins went on to serve
267:. Working under the direction of
1599:Clark Atlanta University faculty
1530:
954:, Chicago Tribune, May 4, 2011.
899:, February 1958, pp. 60–67.
864:African Americans in Mathematics
658:Progress in Approximation Theory
257:associate mathematical physicist
1589:African-American mathematicians
721:Nuclear Science and Engineering
598:National Academy of Engineering
462:US Assistant Secretary of Labor
379:National Academy of Engineering
232:In 1940, Wilkins completed his
1172:"Wilkins, J. Ernest Jr. 1923–"
485:Freshfields Bruckhaus Deringer
1:
1624:American mechanical engineers
1537:J. Ernest Wilkins Jr. and Sr.
791:American Mathematical Society
548:The Wilkins effect, plus the
426:linear differential equations
288:Oak Ridge National Laboratory
1634:Mathematicians from Illinois
1604:University of Chicago alumni
1331:"IEEE Biography: Wilkins Jr"
980:Contemporary Black Biography
364:applied mathematical physics
1649:African-American physicists
1639:Tuskegee University faculty
1614:American nuclear physicists
1038:U.S. Department Of Energy,
952:Obituary: J. Ernest Wilkins
656:"The Landau Constants," in
541:Wilkins portrait and plaque
409:of applied mathematics and
368:Argonne National Laboratory
159:Argonne National Laboratory
1665:
1584:African-American engineers
747:"An Integral Inequality",
600:, Member, elected in 1976;
505:National Memorial Cemetery
228:Education and early career
1644:Howard University faculty
1349:"Jesse Ernest Wilkins Jr"
869:"J. Ernest Wilkins Jr.",
466:Eisenhower administration
343:Sketch of Wilkins from a
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129:
41:
1609:Manhattan Project people
1399:Wilkins, Carolyn Marie.
844:& Nkwanta, Asamoah,
832:Jesse Ernest Wilkins Jr.
677:, Springer-Verlag, 1992;
610:American Nuclear Society
522:National Board of Review
489:Berklee College of Music
415:Clark Atlanta University
375:American Nuclear Society
171:Jesse Ernest Wilkins Jr.
155:Metallurgical Laboratory
1546:", a presentation from
1222:Denise Kiernan (2013).
1137:University of Chicago.
1058:. Praeger. p. 35.
653:, United Nations, 1956;
526:American Film Institute
407:distinguished professor
84:Fountain Hills, Arizona
1202:African American Lives
984:University of Michigan
902:Newell, V.K., editor.
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300:Southern United States
18:J. Ernest Wilkins, Jr.
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924:J. Ernest Wilkins Sr.
817:J. Ernest Wilkins Jr.
804:J. Ernest Wilkins Jr.
561:University of Chicago
539:
475:, a professor at the
458:J. Ernest Wilkins Sr.
422:differential geometry
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191:University of Chicago
96:University of Chicago
36:J. Ernest Wilkins Jr.
1539:at Wikimedia Commons
1254:on February 22, 2014
827:, November 19, 2003;
411:mathematical physics
292:Oak Ridge, Tennessee
269:Arthur Holly Compton
216:. He also conducted
1594:American Methodists
1549:Destination Freedom
813:, Fall Issue, 1994;
532:Tributes and honors
509:Cave Creek, Arizona
434:nuclear engineering
370:from 1976 to 1977.
353:New York University
206:applied mathematics
179:mechanical engineer
1155:The Wilkins Effect
545:
481:Timothy A. Wilkins
477:Harvard Law School
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349:
241:Tuskegee Institute
189:, he attended the
1535:Media related to
1115:10.1063/PT.4.1695
950:Chicago Tribune.
483:, a partner with
391:Abdulalim Shabazz
360:Howard University
265:Manhattan Project
251:Manhattan Project
222:minority students
175:nuclear scientist
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131:Scientific career
57:November 27, 1923
16:(Redirected from
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76:May 1, 2011
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