40:
1544:
1018:
412:("left one"). Forehand leads with a trump (sometimes optional). Suit must be followed, but players may play any card if unable to follow. Teams start with eight points and aim to be first to zero, one point being deducted to the winners of a deal if they declared trumps. If the declarers lose, they add a point and their opponents deduct one. On reaching zero, the team earns a
372:
is turned and, if it is the same suit, dealer may exchange with it. If not, players are asked in turn if they will play with the turnup suit. If any player says yes, the dealer may exchange with it. If no-one wants to play with the turnup suit, it is turned over again and players are asked if they
282:, an expert on the history of card games, goes further and argues that, "on linguistic grounds alone there can be no doubt as to origin in the Alsatian game of Juckerspiel as brought to America by German immigrants." Not only are Jucker and Euchre phonetically alike, but the terms
275:
with ideas from German card games by German immigrants. Bumppo (1999) refutes the "canard" of a link with Ecarté pointing out that the two games emerged at roughly the same time and that Ecarté is a two-handed game in which Jacks are not the top trumps.
395:
which is a four-handed, plain trick, partnership game. This time 8 cards are dealt to each player clockwise in two packets of 4, trumps being chosen by forehand after the first packet has been dealt. It employs a 32-card, French-suited
314:
identified two games, still being played today in the region north of Alsace in the area of
Rhineland-Palatinate (Rheinland-Pfalz) in Germany, that could be descendants of Juckerspiel:
259:
Jucker has been suggested as the ancestor of the popular
American game, Euchre, on the basis of chronology, linguistics and mode of play. 19th century American sources show that
360:, means "marching through", taking all tricks). If the cut card is a Jack, it determines the trump suit unless superseded later. Players are dealt five cards each from a
873:
348:, uses 32 French-suited cards and is a six-handed, two-team game in which there are two Jacks as top trumps: the trump Jack and the Jack of the same colour. Like
373:
will play with another suit. If all pass, the cards are redealt. This process is similar to that used in Euchre. Teams start with five lines marked on a slate (
290:
have been imported into Euchre as 'Bower' and 'march'. His conclusion is that Euchre derives from the
Alsatian game of Jucker which, in turn, is descended from
424:("cards away") which is announced by a player who intends to take every trick. The partner's cards are set aside and the player wanting to "make a march" ("
447:
game, also shares the feature of having two Jacks as the top trumps, but is a three-hand game played with 10-card hands and a 32-card Skat pack.
1568:
377:) and play for the best of five tricks. If the declarers win, they erase a line; if they lose, they add a line and the winners erase a line.
1577:
1559:
311:
784:
368:
is turned for trump. If it is a Jack, it determines trumps even if the cut card was a Jack. If it is a Jack, the bottom card of the
216:
region of
Germany in 1874 and in an article in a Palatinate newspaper that same year as played socially by ordinary folk alongside
1611:
1550:
731:
205:
859:
702:
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866:
466:
in which players may drop out if they do not think their hand is strong enough. There appears to be no equivalent of the
806:
Rausch, Heinrich Adam (1908). "Das
Spielverzeichnis im 25. Kapitel von Fischarts "Geschichtklitterung" (Gargantua)" in
271:
as early as 1829 in the
American Mid-West, and that Euchre was invented in America during the 1820s from the mixing of
1218:
1042:
762:
1606:
1601:
836:
184:("Forget-me-Not"), in which a young man gambles his time away in pubs playing various games including Jucker (
711:
735:
1002:
967:
1142:
1112:
723:
1388:
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was to take all five tricks in Jucker. Rausch (1908) states that
Juckerspiel was widespread in Alsace and
39:
817:
1172:
987:
962:
897:
1368:
1228:
1162:
1157:
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161:
1338:
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1137:
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217:
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119:
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regions on either side of the modern Franco-German border. It is believed to be the ancestor of
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1182:
1528:
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780:
719:
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189:
997:
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Vergißmeinnicht: Taschenbuch der Liebe, der
Freundschaft und dem Familienleben gewidmet.
1323:
1278:
1263:
1258:
1007:
992:
907:
789:
772:
747:
432:. The game is sometimes played with a shortened pack of 20 cards or by two teams of 3.
177:
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972:
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707:
643:
279:
248:
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172:
The earliest known reference to the game occurs in 1792 in a German dictionary, as
1303:
615:
272:
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also employs two Jacks as top trumps and a 5-card hand, but is a member of the
1393:
1057:
463:
212:
region. The game also appears in an 1874 book of poetry in the dialect of the
1516:
1498:
1486:
1414:
1333:
1308:
1298:
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published by Hackländer and Edmund Hoefer. Vol. 4. Stuttgart: Adolph Krabbe.
444:
397:
244:
209:
145:
115:
352:, players receive 5 cards each and there is a bonus for a slam, known as a
223:
No complete rules have been found, but Martin and
Lienhart (1899) describe
180:
region. By 1848 it was well known enough for
Spindler to mention it in his
17:
243:
is the highest card. Modern sources state that the game was played in the
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pack and, if trumps have not already been decided, the top card of the
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Jahrbuch für Geschichte, Sprache und Literatur Elsass-Lothringens
200:, there are frequent references in French to playing the game of
855:
176:, where it is described as "a game with cards" and assigned to
713:
Thirty Years passed among the Players in England and America.
160:
and may have given its name to the playing card known as the
752:, Vol. 1 (A E I O U F V G H J K L M N), Trübner, Strassburg.
734:"Die erste Versammlung deutscher bildender Künstler" in
263:
was being played as early as 1810 and that by 1829, as
848:. No. 153. Thursday, 24 December 1874. Speyer. p. 612.
408:("fat one") and the Jack of the same suit colour or
208:
recounts playing Juckern, a new game to him, in the
1469:
1438:
1402:
1211:
1025:
890:
101:
93:
82:
71:
63:
53:
552:Martin and Lienhart (1899), pp. 406b and 713b.
867:
620:at www.parlettgames.uk. Retrieved 14 Jun 2019
516:Erckmann-Chatrian (1864), pp. 4, 86, 98, etc.
8:
416:("loaf" or "roll"; translation: "bread") or
27:
846:Palatina: Heimatblatt des Pfälzer Anzeigers
841:. 1st edn. Vol. 1. Frankfurt & Leipzig.
796:, Vol. 35. No. 4. Apr-Jun 2007. pp. 255 ff.
874:
860:
852:
239:means to take all the tricks and that the
639:
637:
635:
485:
483:
479:
26:
749:Wörterbuch der elsässischen Mundarten
648:at i-p-c-s.org. Retrieved 4 Jul 2019.
645:Bauer -- Euchre in its area of origin
428:") leads off. Winning earns an extra
420:. The equivalent of a going alone is
7:
792:(2006), "The Origins of Euchre," in
617:EUCHRE and related five-trick games
404:) as top trumps: the trump Jack or
204:as far back as the 1830s. In 1856,
697:. 2nd edn. Brownsville, KY: Borf.
312:International Playing Card Society
231:is worth more than the Ace" and a
25:
803:. Philadelphia: Thomas S. Manning
332:Possibly the closest relative of
1543:
1542:
1016:
606:Cowell (1844), pp. 94 & 101.
38:
835:Von Klein, Anton Edeln (1792).
838:Deutsches Provinzialwörterbuch
819:Gedichte in Hunsrücker Mundart
1:
822:, R . Voigtländer, Kreuznach.
662:Bauern Hunsrücker Kartenspiel
227:as a "card game in which the
1569:Patience and solitaire games
844:"W." (1874). "Miscellen" in
769:, Vol. 3. Fritz Klopp, Bonn.
728:. Paris: Librairie Hachette.
716:Part 2: America. NY: Harper.
387:There is another version of
1578:Tarot and Tarock card games
1560:Non trick-taking card games
1219:Belle, Flux et Trente-et-Un
1103:Gé, Point, Flux et Sequence
1043:Belle, Flux et Trente-et-Un
755:Maurer et al. (1965-2010).
695:The Columbus Book of Euchre
97:J > A, otherwise unknown
1628:
746:and Hans Lienhart (1899).
525:Hackländer (1856), p. 302.
1538:
1014:
498:von Klein (1792), p. 215.
310:Recently, members of the
144:("playing Jucker"), is a
106:
37:
32:
757:Südhessisches Wörterbuch
588:Piomingo (1810), p. 153.
534:Rottmann (1874), p. 203.
507:Spindler (1848), p. 170.
426:einen Durchmarsch machen
148:that was popular in the
1612:18th-century card games
1551:Trick-taking card games
923:Hannikin canst abide it
777:A History of Card Games
680:. Retrieved 4 Jul 2019.
664:. Retrieved 4 Jul 2019.
629:Parlett (2006), p. 261.
489:Bumppo (1999), pp. 7–9.
400:and there are 2 Jacks (
48:was higher than the Ace
767:Rheinisches Wörterbuch
693:Bumppo, Natty (1999).
138:("game of Jucker") or
579:Maurer (1965), p.990.
267:, it was played with
543:"W." (1874), p. 612.
67:Juckerspiel, Juckern
832:Franckh, Stuttgart.
597:Hoyle (1868), p. 94
29:
933:Laugh and lie down
799:Piomingo (1810).
356:(short for German
118: •
114: •
110: •
33:Ancestor of Euchre
1607:German card games
1602:French card games
1589:
1588:
810:, Vol. 24. Heitz.
732:Hackländer, F. W.
720:Erckmann-Chatrian
678:Bauer Kartenspiel
443:, a 19th-century
327:Hunsrücker Bauern
320:Hunsrücker Bauern
190:Erckmann-Chatrian
125:
124:
64:Alternative names
16:(Redirected from
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1138:Homme d'Auvergne
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998:Ruff and honours
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794:The Playing-Card
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658:wer-weiss-was.de
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344:, played in the
336:is a variant of
132:, also known as
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948:My sow's pigged
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814:Rottmann, P. J.
779:, OUP, Oxford.
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298:, probably via
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255:Euchre ancestor
182:Vergißmeinnicht
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94:Rank (high→low)
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391:played in the
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237:e Marsch mache
192:'s 1864 novel
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785:0-19-282905-X
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763:Müller, Josef
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1495:Hundertspiel
1284:Hundertspiel
1274:German Tarok
1229:Bierschlauch
1053:Bête Hombrée
1038:As Qui Court
938:Losing lodam
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1364:Scherwenzel
1354:Sansprendre
1324:Müller Matz
1314:Kontraspiel
1289:Juckerspiel
1279:Grobhäusern
1269:German Solo
1264:Fünfzehnern
1224:Bester Bube
1133:Hoc Mazarin
1003:Speculation
968:Pope Julius
913:French ruff
882:Historical
737:Hausblätter
725:L’Ami Fritz
459:Bester Bube
452:Bester Bube
358:Durchmarsch
334:Juckerspiel
296:French Ruff
194:L'ami Fritz
135:Juckerspiel
108:Bester Bube
76:Plain-trick
18:Juckerspiel
1596:Categories
1525:(Scottish)
1513:(Austrian)
1491:Elfmandeln
1394:Vogelspiel
1389:Trischaken
1058:Bouillotte
884:card games
801:The Savage
703:0960489460
688:Literature
474:References
464:Rams group
422:Karten weg
206:Hackländer
154:Palatinate
1531:(Swedish)
1517:Romestecq
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1304:Karnöffel
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1168:Quadrette
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963:Pope Joan
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398:Skat pack
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196:, set in
146:card game
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1374:Spitzeln
1369:Schlauch
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1188:Reversis
1163:Pamphile
1158:Papillon
1148:Lenterlu
1083:Commerce
958:Penneech
903:Bone ace
828:(1848).
816:(1874).
775:(1990).
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722:(1864).
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393:Saarland
346:Hunsrück
292:Triomphe
251:region.
247:and the
214:Hunsrück
1519:(Dutch)
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1456:Primero
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1403:Italian
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1319:Mariage
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441:Reunion
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1026:French
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468:Marsch
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342:Bauern
288:Marsch
273:Écarté
269:Bowers
233:Marsch
225:Jucker
218:Tarock
202:youker
198:Alsace
188:). In
158:Euchre
150:Alsace
129:Jucker
112:Euchre
87:Euchre
83:Family
58:Alsace
54:Origin
28:Jucker
1529:Kille
1470:Other
1451:Ombre
1425:Ronfa
1410:Gilet
1108:Gilet
953:Noddy
928:Ombre
918:Gleek
898:Andro
410:Linke
406:Dicke
389:Bauer
382:Bauer
354:Durch
340:, or
338:Bauer
316:Bauer
284:Bauer
261:eucre
241:Bauer
229:Bauer
162:Joker
89:group
46:Bauer
1123:Hère
1048:Bête
781:ISBN
699:ISBN
430:Brot
414:Brot
370:skat
366:skat
362:skat
318:and
300:Bête
286:and
265:uker
152:and
78:game
72:Type
44:The
1523:Maw
1128:Hoc
1118:Her
983:Put
943:Maw
322:.
294:or
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