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replacement until the crown appointed his successor. The high tension between the new viceroy, Salvatierra, and bishop and visitador general
Palafox was not unprecedented however. In 1624 the viceroy the marquis of Gelves had ordered the expulsion of the archbishop from the viceroyalty, in clear terms the civil authority challenging the ecclesiastical. That earlier conflict had resulted in a huge riot in the main plaza of Mexico City and the ouster of the viceroy himself. The conflict between Salvatierra and Palafox, who was then acting as visitador, flared over what might seem a trivial matter, whether or not the viceroy could sit on a cushion when seated with the Audiencia. Palafox said no, since it distinguished the viceroy from the high court judges. However, the practice had been standard with earlier viceroys. Where the performance of power and its prerogatives was important not as minor traditions but as the theater of power, such a conflict was seated in deeper issues.
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XVI. Both popes strongly advocated for the episcopal authority of the
Catholic Church against secular authority, the position that Palafox advocated when he served in Mexico. Popes have considerable authority to delay or fast track causes for beatification and canonization. While Pope John Paul II often announced beatifications during papal visits, Benedict XVI discontinued the practice of going to the announced beatifications in person in the home locale. The ceremony for the beatification of Palafox was overseen by the Papal Legate, Cardinal Angelo Amato, Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints.
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583:. Salvatierra sought to arrest Palafox. In 1647, rather than be arrested, which might have produced an uprising in Puebla against the viceroy's abuse of authority, Palafox fled to the mountains outside the city. The move was calculated to show the crown that the situation in New Spain was grave, that the viceroy and the Jesuits were challenging the rightful place of episcopal authority. In that he failed and was ultimately humiliated by being recalled to Spain.
924:. On 8 January 2010, the Congregation of the Causes of Saints accepted a miracle attributed to Palafox's intercession. The decree recognizing the miracle was promulgated by Pope Benedict XVI on 27 March 2010. The cause for his beatification was supported by the Diocese of Osma-Soria in Spain, where he spent the last years of his life and ecclesiastical career, following his unsuccessful struggle with the Jesuits in his Diocese of Puebla in New Spain (Mexico).
774:(high court) and laid out his suspicions. He then ordered that the viceregal palace be surrounded by guards. The following morning Viceroy López Pacheco was informed that he was under arrest and that the bishop had been named archbishop of Mexico and viceroy of New Spain. His possessions were confiscated and he was held for some time before being allowed to return to Spain. In Spain he was acquitted of the charges against him.
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644:, on 5 September 1646, donating his own collection of 5,000 books to the College of San Juan to start the collection. It was the first public library in the Americas. He also founded the Dominican Convent of Santa Inés, the Colleges of San Pedro and San Pablo, and the girls school Purísima Concepción. He amended the by-laws of the seminary of San Juan. When Palafox arrived in Puebla he carried with him a
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451:, Spain, Don Juan Palafox y Mendoza was the natural son of Jaime de Palafox, the Marquis of Ariaza, of the Aragonese nobility. His mother became a Carmelite nun. He was taken in by a family of millers who gave him the name "Juan" and raised him for ten years, after which his father recognized him, and had him educated at Alcalá and Salamanca.
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that was required under canon law and empowered bishops. The
Jesuits asserted they needed no such licenses, that they could exercise such powers without special permission of a bishop. Palafox wrote that if this were true, that the bishop had no power in his own diocese and he would be separated from his own flock by "an alien authority".
785:) with the greatest respect, but also "preserve the authority and superiority of the head" i.e., the president/viceroy. Two members of the Audiencia rejected his reforms, and he suspended them from office. Palafox also raised twelve companies of militia to protect the colony against the spread of revolution from Portugal and
628:. Palafox had jurisdiction as a bishop on certain Asian missions, but - according to Costa Rican scholar Ricardo Martínez Esquivel - the main reason he declared the Jesuit's tolerance for traditional ancestor worship practices among Chinese converts to Christianity as heretic was "his personal conflict" with the Jesuits.
621:. Although Palafox's ecclesiastical career went into eclipse, his writings against the Jesuits were subsequently published in France and in the eighteenth century, his writings were used to strengthen the case for regalist authority resulting in the expulsion of the Jesuits from Spain and Spanish territories in 1767.
770:. One scholar has characterized the suspicion of the viceroy's conspiring with rebels as being based on "slender evidence". Bishop Palafox claimed to have orders from the Crown, although he did not show them. He arrived secretly in the capital, and in the middle of the night of 9/10 June, he met with the
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through the intervention of the
Jesuits. A vote by the Congregation then responsible for the cause was taken on 28 January 1777 and twenty-six out of forty one prelates favored the continuation of Palafox's cause of beatification with the proclamation of a decree of heroic virtue; the decree was then
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Obviously, as a powerful bishop, Palafox would have been interested in increasing the revenue from Jesuit tithes, but also in asserting episcopal authority over that order. In 1647, the diocese of Puebla ordered all
Jesuits to produce licenses from the diocese to preach and hear confession, something
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As the long process for holy recognition of
Palafox by the Vatican, stretching from the late seventeenth century to the early twenty-first, it is clear that there were authorities opposed to his cause. The cause for his beatification likely found favor with John Paul II and his successor Benedict
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and their missionary work on the colonial frontiers. On principle, Palafox asserted that it was the spiritual duty of all to pay the tithe, which the
Jesuits steadfastly refused to do. The tithe transferred wealth from the countryside's landed estates to cities and towns, supporting the cathedral
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He then targeted the
Jesuits as another entity that did not respect ecclesiastical jurisdiction by paying tithes, essentially a 10% tax on agricultural production, to the Church hierarchy. In the 1640s when he took on the Jesuits, Palafox pointed out that the Jesuit order was a hugely wealthy
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As visitador general, Bishop
Palafox had powers to inspect practices in the viceroyalty, but the viceroy himself was protected from the inspector-general's inquiries, thus undermining his ability to pursue effective reform. Palafox's general mission was "to increase efficiency in government,
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on 23 November 1642, but continued to hold the post of visitador. Having a bishop serve as viceroy was not the usual pattern of appointment, but the extraordinary circumstances that prompted to crown to precipitously remove the previous viceroy meant that
Palafox was a useful, if temporary,
781:, and the legal profession. Palafox considered a key duty of the viceroy was to serve as president of the Audiencia, the high court, the seat of justice. Palafox wrote that the viceroy as president of the Audiencia should prudently treat the judges (
613:(on 14 May 1648), commanding the Jesuits to respect the episcopal jurisdiction. On 20 May 1655, Palafox and the Jesuits signed an accord, but disagreements continued. In the same year the Jesuits succeeded in securing his transfer to the
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strengthen royal authority, maximize the extraction of resources, and improve the administration of the viceroyalty", especially toward increasing the revenues for the crown. Blocked from effective reform, Palafox broke with Viceroy
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of the cathedral under Palafox and the most famous seventeenth century composer in Mexico, brought the latest European music styles to the New World. Palafox also strongly believed in education in general.
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1936:
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The History of the Conquest of China by the Tartars together with an Account of Several Remarkable things, Concerning the Religion, Manners, and Customs of Both Nation's, but especially the Latter
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over ecclesiastical jurisdiction that eventually cost him his post as Bishop of Puebla de los Ángeles. The Spanish crown was moving to displace mendicant orders from their populous and lucrative
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A Juan de Palafox : más de 2000 versos, del abate Tommaso Campastri, capellán de Carlos IV a favor de la beatificación del Venerable, sacados de un manuscrito de la Real Biblioteca
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in central Mexico, and replace them with parishes staffed by secular (diocesan) clergy with benefices rather than mendicants. He was largely successful in doing so in Puebla.
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652:. To finance the resumed construction, Palafox increased the tithes, which exacerbated his poor relations with the Jesuits. The cathedral was dedicated 18 April 1649.
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Palafox was an enthusiastic patron of the arts, and it was during his tenure in Puebla that the city became the musical center of New Spain. Composers such as
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José Ignacio Tellechea Idigoras, "Coordenadas históricas, políticas y religiosas del siglo XVII en que vivió el obispo don Juan de Palafox", en VV. AA.,
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Breve noticia histórica de la Biblioteca Palafoxiana y de su fundador Juan de Palafox y Mendoza y los colegios de San Juan, San Pedro y San Pantaleón
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2004:
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José Antonio Cervera - Ricardo Martínez Esquivel, "Puebla de Los Ángeles entre China y Europa. Palafox en las controversias de los ritos chinos",
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landowner in New Spain. Jesuits claimed that the income from their haciendas went exclusively toward support of their educational institutions
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1541:, "Historia del proceso de beatificación y canonización del Venerable Juan de Palafox y Mendoza", en Ricardo Fernández Gracia (coordinador),
916:; the question of the heroic virtue was returned to the consideration of the Congregation for the Causes of Saints. On 17 January 2009, Pope
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532:(royal inspector, representative of the king), to investigate the two previous viceroys. His retinue further included the Aragonese painter
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528:, known in New Spain as Don Guillén de Lombardo y Guzmán, who played a role in political turmoil during the 1640s. Palafox was also named
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Nancy H. Fee(ed.) ; Alejandro Cañeque (other) with Look Inside feature of pages excluded from GoogleBooks online version (above)
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Juan de Palafox y Mendoza, Virtues of the Indian/Virtudes del Indio, translated by Nancy H. Fee. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield 2009.
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1718:(online pdf) author: Michael Richard Scott of Department of Romance Languages, University of North Carolina (Chapel Hill, 2011)
935:, Prefect of the Congregation for the Causes of the Saints, by mandate of Pope Benedict XVI. Palafox's feast day is 6 October.
439:. Although a case was opened for his beatification shortly after he died in 1659, he was not designated "Blessed" until 2011.
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El Venerable obispo Juan de Palafox y Mendoza. Semana de estudios histórico-pastorales y de espiritualidad (2-7 Agosto 1976)
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889:, the procedure for the approval of Palafox's writings was initiated. The process was continued under the Pontificates of
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Juan de Palafox was finally proclaimed Blessed on 5 June 2011. The rite of beatification was presided over by Cardinal
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Rowman & Littlefield Publishers; January 2009 for Kindle Fire, Apple, Android, Nook, Kobo, PC, Mac, Sony Reader...
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Universidad Iberoamericana (Golfo-Centro). Puebla Patronato Editorial para la Cultura, Arte e Historia de Puebla 2001
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approved the decree of the said Congregation recognizing Palafox's heroic virtue, thus granting him the title of
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404:(26 June 1600 – 1 October 1659) was a Spanish politician, administrator, and Catholic clergyman in 17th century
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in Paris in 1670; a French translation appeared the same year. An English translation, whose full title was
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Recently a bi-lingual edition of his observations on Mexican Indians has been published under the title
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Politics and reform in Spain and Viceregal Mexico: the life and thought of Juan de Palafox, 1600–1659
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Mythistory in Sino-Western Contacts. Jesuit Missionaries and the Pillars of Chinese Catholic Religion
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Politics and Reform in Spain and Viceregal Mexico: The Life and Thought of Juan de Palafox 1600-1659.
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However, though the process passed through the preliminary stages, securing for Palafox the title of
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Jaque mate al obispo virrey. Siglo y medio de sátiras y libelos contra don Juan de Palafox y Mendoza
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submitted to Pope Pius VI for approbation; Pius VI, however, decided to suspend the final decision.
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843:, appeared in London in 1676. Palafox's work, based on hearsay, was generally less informed than
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1659:"Don Juan de Palafox y Mendoza, Obispo de Puebla y Osma, Visitador y Virrey de la Nueva España"
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During his brief term as viceroy, Palafox established the laws governing the University, the
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One or more of the preceding sentences incorporates text from a publication now in the
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The cause thus was suspended in 1777 and remained so until 2003, when it was restored under
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Making Saints: How the Catholic Church Determines Who becomes a Saint, Who Doesn't, and Why
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The First America: The Spanish Monarchy, Creole Patriots, and the Liberal State 1492-1867
423:(1640−1642). He also held political office, from 10 June 1642 to 23 November 1642 as the
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The King's Living Image: The Culture and Politics of Viceregal Power in Colonial Mexico
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The King's Living Image: The Culture and Politics of Viceregal Power in Colonial Mexico
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462:, the chief administrative body for administration of the overseas territories of the
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877:. The decree allowing the introduction of the cause of beatification was approved by
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609:, however, refused to approve his censures, and all he could obtain was a brief from
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524:, whom he had gotten to know during the voyage. That same ship brought an Irishman,
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1247:, Thunder Bay (Ontario): Lakehead University Printing Services, pp. 159–172,
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As bishop, Palafox y Mendoza distinguished himself by his efforts to protect the
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Breve Biografía de Juan de Palafox y Mendoza, Diócesis de Osma-Soria, n.d. p. 14
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Index ac status causarum beatificationis servorum dei et canonizationis beatorum
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The history of the conquest of China by the Tartars ... and now rendred English
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El desierto y la celda en la vida y muerte del Obispo Juan de Palafox y Mendoza
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from 1640 to 1655, and as interim archbishop of Mexico from May 1642 to 1643.
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Iconografía de Juan de Palafox: imágenes por un hombre de estado y de Iglesia
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Don Juan de Palafox y Mendoza: obispo de La Puebla de los Ángeles y de Osma
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Diego de Borgraf: un destello en la noche de los tiempos: obra pictórica.
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La pluma y el báculo: Juan de Palafox y el mundo hispano del seiscientos
1075:. Vol. 20 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 593.
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Palafox was ordained in 1629, and became the chaplain and almoner of
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Ott, Michael. "Juan de Palafox y Mendoza." The Catholic Encyclopedia
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Following the example of an earlier Spanish ecclesiastic in Mexico,
1324: This article incorporates text from a publication now in the
1286:(in Latin). Typis polyglottis vaticanis. January 1953. p. 114.
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dated January 19, 1640 that ordered the long-delayed completion of
458:, and later a prosecutor at the Council of War and a member of the
1270:, translated by Nancy H. Fee. Lanham: Rowman and Littlefield 2009.
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This article incorporates text from this source, which is in the
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Some of Palafox's influential anti-Jesuit writings deal with the
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Palafox y Mendoza’s Virtudes del indio as a Deliberative Oration
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The Jesuits found an ally against Palafox in the new viceroy,
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Vol. 6, No. 3 (Oct., 1920), by Joachim Walsh pp. 358–360
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His writings were published in 15 volumes in Madrid in 1762.
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1436:, ed. Aldecoa, Burgos, 1987. XVI+490 p. ; 25 cm.,
1377:, ed. Obispado de Osma-Soria, Soria, 1977, pp. 24–38.
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BAE, vol. CCLXXVI, pp. 62-63 quoted in Alejandro Cañeque,
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Catholic Hierarchy: "Bishop Bl. Juan de Palafox y Mendoza"
809:, Juan de Palafox y Mendoza authored a book on China. His
955:. New York: Cambridge University Press 1991, p. 229, 237.
829:, based on reports that reached Mexico by the way of the
482:. He accompanied her on her various trips around Europe.
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In 1626 he was a deputy of the nobility in the Cortes de
300:
Cathedral of the Assumption of Our Lady in Burgo de Osma
243:
Cathedral of the Assumption of Our Lady in Burgo de Osma
16:
Spanish politician, administrator and Catholic clergyman
1209:
Race, Class, and Politics in Colonial Mexico, 1610–1670
847:, an eyewitness account by the Chinese-speaking Jesuit
794:
García Sarmiento de Sotomayor, 2nd Count of Salvatierra
664:
Francisco Diego Díaz de Quintanilla y de Hevía y Valdés
662:
While bishop, Palafox was the principal consecrator of
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García Sarmiento de Sotomayor, 2nd Count of Salvatierra
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in 1642, accusing the viceroy of being in league with
601:
Palafox laid formal complaints against the Jesuits at
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chapter, parish priests, and charitable institutions.
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in New Spain, resulting in a recall to Spain, to the
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1989:
1955:
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Palafox: Iglesia, Cultura y Estado en el siglo XVII
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Historia de la conquista de la China por el Tartaro
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1649:Beatificación del Obispo Juan de Palafox y Mendoza
516:on 24 June 1640. He was in the company of the new
2355:17th-century Roman Catholic archbishops in Mexico
1401:Sor Cristina de la Cruz Arteaga y Falguera, OSH,
1353:Sor Cristina de la Cruz Arteaga y Falguera, OSH,
555:He was embroiled in a major controversy with the
986:Vol. 11. New York: Robert Appleton Company, 1911
501:(viceroyal México) then, and is the present day
2360:Spanish Roman Catholic bishops in North America
815:History of the Conquest of China by the Tartars
33: and the second or maternal family name is
1840:
1604:, ed. L. Macy. (Accessed 11 December 2005.) (
370:Diego Roque López Pacheco Cabrera y Bobadilla
158:by Francisco Hurtado de Mendoza y Ribera
8:
1670:Book review of Genaro Garcia's biography in
1504:Palafox, su pontificado en Puebla, 1640–1649
965:
963:
961:
1455:Don Juan de Palafox, Virrey de Nueva España
427:. He lost a high-profile struggle with the
1847:
1833:
1825:
1721:
1395:, v. 1. Mexico City: Joaquín Porrúa, 1984.
758:to restore its independence following the
39:
1685:: an annotated translation on GoogleBooks
1415:. Mexico City: Panorama Editorial, 1985,
1190:Juan de Palafox y Mendoza, "Relación" in
522:Diego López Pacheco, 7th Duke of Escalona
485:In 1639 based on Philip IV's nomination,
2415:Venerated Catholics by Pope Benedict XVI
2324:Francisco Novella Azabal Pérez y Sicardo
1434:Palafox y la espiritualidad de su tiempo
1278:
1276:
1268:Virtues of the Indian/Virtudes del Indio
1181:Cayetana Alvarez de Toledo 2004, p. 129.
1044:
1042:
1040:
1030:Brading 1991, pp. 243-44 citing Palafox
904:, the cause was in effect blocked under
859:Virtues of the Indian/Virtudes del Indio
349:10 June 1642 – 23 November 1642
1367:, I, Madrid, 1950,(pp. 367 y ss.).
944:
881:in 1726, granting Palafox the title of
865:Cause of beatification and canonization
748:Diego López Pacheco Cabrera y Bobadilla
1365:La erudición española en el siglo XVII
1172:Cayetana Alvarez de Toledo 2004, p.53.
2304:Francisco Javier de Lizana y Beaumont
2148:Juan Antonio de Vizarrón y Eguiarreta
979:
977:
975:
591:Portrait of Juan de Palafox y Mendoza
7:
1340:. New York: Robert Appleton Company.
1300:. New York: Simon and Schuster 1990.
1198:New York: Routledge 2004,p. 63, 285.
476:Maria of Austria, Holy Roman Empress
2405:Beatifications by Pope Benedict XVI
1817:Diego García Sarmiento de Sotomayor
1691:by Bishop Juan de Palafox y Mendoza
1545:, Pamplona, 2001, pp. 515–558.
1211:London, 1975, pp. 135-160; 217-240.
1163:Oxford: Clarendon Press 2004, p. 56
512:He left for America and arrived in
497:was the second largest city in the
493:and "visitador general" of Mexico.
382:Diego García Sarmiento de Sotomayor
1330:Herbermann, Charles, ed. (1913). "
762:; the viceroy was a cousin of the
640:, the first public library in the
14:
2390:17th-century venerated Christians
2319:Juan José Ruiz de Apodaca y Eliza
2216:Antonio María de Bucareli y Ursúa
1644:Information at Catholic Hierarchy
2050:Diego Osorio de Escobar y Llamas
1897:
1890:
1783:Diego Osorio de Escobar y Llamas
1657:) GoogleBooks online version of
1319:
1049:
987:
67:
2241:Manuel Antonio Flores Maldonado
2128:Francisco Fernández de la Cueva
2040:Francisco Fernández de la Cueva
1463:"Palafox de Mendoza, Juan de,"
792:He was succeeded as viceroy by
505:. He was consecrated Bishop in
491:Bishop of Puebla de los Ángeles
105:
57:Bishop of Puebla de los Ángeles
2410:University of Salamanca alumni
2236:Alonso Núñez de Haro y Peralta
1674:The Catholic Historical Review
1594:, Puebla de los Angeles, 2004.
1558:, Puebla de los Angeles, 2002.
1506:, Puebla de los Angeles, 2000.
1224:New York: Routledge 2004, p.51
551:Jesuits controversy and recall
1:
2182:Agustín de Ahumada y Villalón
2025:García Sarmiento de Sotomayor
419:(1640−1655), and the interim
2201:Francisco Cajigal de la Vega
1766:Gutiérrez Bernardo de Quirós
1159:Cayetana Alvarez de Toledo,
1005:Fernando E Rodríguez-Miaja,
25:, the first or paternal
2375:17th-century Spanish clergy
2314:Félix María Calleja del Rey
2275:Félix Berenguer de Marquina
2265:Miguel de la Grúa Talamanca
2231:Bernardo de Gálvez y Madrid
2226:Matías de Gálvez y Gallardo
2104:José Sarmiento y Valladares
2055:Antonio Sebastián de Toledo
1800:Pacheco Cabrera y Bobadilla
1622:Gregorio Bartolomé Martínez
1526:Gregorio Bartolomé Martínez
1500:José Eduardo Castro Ramírez
1487:Gregorio Bartolomé Martínez
1467:, v. 11. Mexico City, 1988.
1266:Juan de Palafox y Mendoza,
1067:Palafox de Mendoza, Juan de
684:Archbishop of Santo Domingo
170:Agustín de Spínola Basadone
2436:
1981:Diego Fernández de Córdoba
1922:Martín Enríquez de Almanza
1888:
1709:: an annotated translation
1699:: an annotated translation
1575:Cayetana Alvarez de Toledo
1539:P. Ildefonso Moriones, OCD
1451:Francisco Sánchez-Castañer
1411:Orozco Linares, Fernando,
1403:Una mitra entre dos mundos
1363:Ricardo del Arco y Garay,
1233:Cañeque 2004, pp. 119–120.
766:, since acclaimed king as
680:Diego de Guevara y Estrada
20:
2211:Carlos Francisco de Croix
2045:Juan de Leyva de la Cerda
2020:Juan de Palafox y Mendoza
2000:Diego Carrillo de Mendoza
1937:Álvaro Manrique de Zúñiga
1927:Lorenzo Suárez de Mendoza
1813:
1804:
1794:
1789:
1779:
1770:
1762:
1748:
1739:
1731:
1724:
1332:Juan de Palafox y Mendoza
1192:Los virreyes de Mexico IV
1150:retrieved 10 January 2015
730:Juan Gutierrez de Padilla
672:Fernando Montero Espinosa
626:Chinese Rites controversy
402:Juan de Palafox y Mendoza
395:
391:
387:
342:
330:
326:
193:Juan de Palafox y Mendoza
66:
55:
50:Juan de Palafox y Mendoza
2385:Politicians from Navarre
2309:Francisco Javier Venegas
2221:Martín de Mayorga Ferrer
2177:Juan Francisco de Güemes
2030:Marcos de Torres y Rueda
1588:Montserrat Galí Boadella
1565:Ricardo Fernández Gracia
1513:Ricardo Fernández Gracia
1474:Teófilo Portillo Capilla
1393:México y sus gobernantes
1109:"Biblioteca Palafoxiana"
1034:XII, Madrid 1762, 23-47.
807:Juan González de Mendoza
696:Juan de Mañozca y Zamora
688:Marcos de Torres y Rueda
536:and the Flemish painter
499:Viceroyalty of New Spain
2158:Pedro Cebrián y Agustín
2079:Payo Enríquez de Rivera
2035:Luis Enríquez de Guzmán
2010:Lope Díez de Armendáriz
1932:Pedro Moya de Contreras
1430:Ambrosio Puebla Gonzalo
1309:Diocese of Osma-Soria,
1243:Chen, Min-Sun (2003),
1072:Encyclopædia Britannica
676:Bishop of Nueva Segovia
73:Blessed Juan de Palafox
2329:Juan O'Donojú y O'Ryan
2260:Juan Vicente de Güemes
2133:Fernando de Alencastre
2123:Juan Ortega y Montañés
2099:Juan Ortega y Montañés
1966:Juan de Mendoza y Luna
1735:Antonio Valdés Herrera
1726:Catholic Church titles
1680:Biographical essay in
1639:Biblioteca Palafoxiana
1465:Enciclopedia de México
1391:García Puron, Manuel,
1085:Brading 1991, p. 250
885:. In 1758, under Pope
833:. The work was first
725:
719:Biblioteca Palafoxiana
704:Diego López de la Vega
638:Biblioteca Palafoxiana
598:
119:Antonio Valdés Herrera
2350:Viceroys of New Spain
2270:Miguel José de Azanza
2206:Joaquín de Montserrat
1707:Virtues of the Indian
1697:Virtues of the Indian
1683:Virtues of the Indian
1413:Gobernantes de México
1337:Catholic Encyclopedia
1296:Kenneth L. Woodward,
1098:58,1 (2018): 245–284.
1021:Brading 1991, p. 242
716:
589:
509:on 27 December 1639.
495:Puebla de los Ángeles
478:, the sister of King
470:Ecclesiastical career
460:Council of the Indies
278:Roman Catholic Church
141:Puebla de los Ángeles
83:Roman Catholic Church
2089:Melchor Portocarrero
1807:Viceroy of New Spain
1742:Bishop of Osma-Soria
1355:El venerable Palafox
1207:Jonathan I. Israel,
1129:Brading 1991, p. 251
969:Brading 1991, p. 237
835:published in Spanish
700:Archbishop of México
636:Palafox founded the
518:Viceroy of New Spain
425:Viceroy of New Spain
421:Archbishop of Mexico
337:Viceroy of New Spain
2420:Spanish sinologists
2280:José de Iturrigaray
2015:Diego López Pacheco
1667:Oxford Text Archive
1611:16 May 2008 at the
1606:subscription access
1220:Alejandro Cañeque,
873:petitioned for his
871:Charles II of Spain
768:John IV of Portugal
534:Pedro García Ferrer
2138:Baltasar de Zúñiga
2094:Gaspar de la Cerda
1877:Antonio de Mendoza
1790:Political offices
1689:Virtudes del indio
1661:, by Genaro Garcia
1602:Grove Music Online
879:Pope Benedict XIII
845:De bello tartarico
817:) reported on the
734:maestro di capilla
726:
599:
480:Philip IV of Spain
128:Nicolás Martinez,
2337:
2336:
2084:Tomás de la Cerda
1917:Gastón de Peralta
1823:
1822:
1814:Succeeded by
1798:Diego Roque López
1780:Succeeded by
1749:Succeeded by
1571:, Pamplona, 2002.
1552:Pedro Angel Palou
1517:El virrey Palafox
1096:Historia Mexicana
914:Pope John Paul II
756:at war with Spain
708:Bishop of Badajoz
692:Bishop of Yucatán
668:Bishop of Durango
408:and a viceroy of
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538:Diego de Borgraf
417:Bishop of Puebla
415:Palafox was the
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2019:
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1777:1639 – 1641
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1746:1641 – 1653
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1113:. Retrieved
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1011:(in Spanish)
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933:Angelo Amato
930:
926:
918:Benedict XVI
911:
906:Pope Pius VI
899:
891:Clement XIII
887:Benedict XIV
875:canonization
868:
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377:Succeeded by
344:
317:Angelo Amato
274:Venerated in
220:(1659-10-01)
196:24 June 1600
163:Consecration
34:
30:
23:Spanish name
18:
2370:1659 deaths
2365:1600 births
2297:(1809–1821)
2253:(1789–1809)
2194:(1760–1789)
2192:Charles III
2170:(1746–1760)
2116:(1701–1746)
2067:(1665–1701)
1993:(1621–1665)
1959:(1603–1621)
1910:(1566–1603)
1870:(1535–1564)
1861:(1535–1821)
1856:Viceroys of
1115:4 September
895:Clement XIV
831:Philippines
646:real cédula
619:Old Castile
615:see of Osma
437:Old Castile
365:Preceded by
297:5 June 2011
143:(1639–1653)
115:Predecessor
89:Archdiocese
2344:Categories
2251:Charles IV
2065:Charles II
1957:Philip III
1714:MA Thesis
1345:References
823:Ming China
569:(colegios)
443:Early life
156:April 1629
153:Ordination
139:Bishop of
107:Term ended
1991:Philip IV
1908:Philip II
1868:Charles V
1859:New Spain
922:Venerable
787:Catalonia
779:Audiencia
772:Audiencia
561:doctrinas
530:Visitador
358:Philip IV
345:In office
294:Beatified
269:1 October
266:Feast day
261:Sainthood
125:Successor
99:Appointed
2114:Philip V
1609:Archived
1111:. UNESCO
869:In 1694
819:conquest
801:Writings
752:Portugal
706:(1650),
698:(1645),
690:(1645),
682:(1642),
674:(1640),
666:(1640),
642:Americas
514:Veracruz
447:Born in
21:In this
1704:eBooks
1694:Amazon
1672:JSTOR:
1655:Spanish
1328::
1060::
827:Manchus
825:by the
821:of the
783:oidores
754:, then
557:Jesuits
449:Navarre
429:Jesuits
354:Monarch
288:Blessed
204:Navarre
45:Blessed
35:Mendoza
31:Palafox
27:surname
1756:O.S.H.
1440:
1419:
1381:
1251:
1054:
702:; and
605:. The
597:, 1643
507:Madrid
456:Monzón
410:Mexico
321:S.D.B.
239:Buried
200:Fitero
179:Bishop
148:Orders
130:O.S.H.
79:Church
1811:1642
1032:Obras
939:Notes
721:, in
593:, by
406:Spain
335:18th
312:Spain
308:Soria
255:Spain
251:Soria
233:Spain
229:Soria
208:Spain
1438:ISBN
1417:ISBN
1379:ISBN
1249:ISBN
1117:2023
893:and
717:The
607:pope
603:Rome
225:Osma
215:Died
189:Born
176:Rank
93:Osma
61:Osma
59:and
1687:of
1334:".
1069:".
617:in
435:in
29:is
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1624:,
1590:,
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1515:,
1502:,
1489:,
1476:,
1453:,
1432:,
1275:^
1039:^
974:^
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861:.
851:.
732:,
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694:;
686:;
678:;
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412:.
319:,
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306:,
302:,
253:,
249:,
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231:,
227:,
206:,
202:,
1848:e
1841:t
1834:v
1653:(
1615:)
1444:.
1423:.
1385:.
1119:.
996:.
813:(
37:.
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