1840:(1821) Hazlitt recalled the opening routine: '... the chief of the Indian Jugglers begins with tossing up two brass balls, which is what any of us could do, and concludes with keeping up four at the same time, which is what none of us could do to save our lives... to make them revolve round him at certain intervals, like the planets in their spheres, to make them chase one another like sparkles of fire, or shoot up like flowers or meteors, to throw them behind his back and twine them round his neck like ribbons or like serpents...with all the ease, the grace, the carelessness imaginable... is skill surmounting difficulty, and beauty triumphing over skill.'
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1312:") appear to be easier in all patterns and also required by certain patterns. For example, "the fountain pattern...can be stably performed in two ways...one can perform the fountain with different frequencies for the two hands, but that coordination is difficult because of the tendency of the limbs to synchronize," while "in the cascade...the crossing of the balls between the hands demands that one hand catches at the same rate that the other hand throws."
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364:, most people will describe juggling as "throwing and catching things"; however, a juggler might describe the act as "a visually complex or physically challenging feat using one or more objects". David Levinson and Karen Christensen describe juggling as "the sport of tossing and catching or manipulating objects keeping them in constant motion". "Juggling, like
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638:, founded in 1947, began as an association for professional vaudeville jugglers, but restrictions for membership were eventually changed, and non-performers were permitted to join and attend the annual conventions. The IJA continues to hold an annual convention each summer and runs a number of other programs dedicated to advance the art of juggling worldwide.
1098:. Most street jugglers perform comedy juggling acts. Well known locations for this kind of street performance include Covent Garden in London, Faneuil Hall in Boston, Outside the Pump Rooms in Bath, Prince's Street in Edinburgh, outside the Pompidou Centre in Paris, Circular Quay in Sydney, and Pearl Street in Boulder.
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professional jugglers in the last thirty years. Festivals, fairs, retail promotions and corporate events have all booked juggling acts. The increase in hobby juggling has resulted in juggling stores opening and numerous juggling conventions being run to fulfill the needs of an increasingly popular pastime.
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Variety theatres have a long history of including juggling acts on their billing. Vaudeville in the USA and Music halls in the UK regularly featured jugglers during the heyday of variety theatre in the first half of 20th century. Variety theatre has declined in popularity but is still present in many
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Traditional circus-style juggling emphasises high levels of skill and sometimes large-scale props to enable the act to "fill" the circus ring. The juggling act may involve some comedy or other circus skills such as acrobatics, but the principal focus is the technical skill of the jugglers. Costumes
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the objects between the jugglers is used — this can be through the air (as in toss juggling), bounced off the ground, simply handed over, or a number of other ways depending on the objects and the style of juggling. For example, one variation is where two club jugglers stand facing each other, each
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This type of juggling involves performing tricks of varying levels of difficulty. The tricks can use the basic patterns of toss juggling but add more difficult levels of object manipulation. Other tricks can be independent of these basic patterns and involve other variations of object manipulation.
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Juggling conventions or festivals form the backbone of the juggling scene. The focus of most of these conventions is the main space used for open juggling. There will also be more formal workshops in which expert jugglers will work with small groups on specific skills and techniques. Most juggling
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Juggling up until the latter half of the 20th century has been principally practised as a profession. Since the 1960s, and even more so from the 1980s, juggling has also been practiced as a hobby. The popularity of juggling acts performing outside the circus has meant an increase in the number of
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and catching objects in the air without the objects touching the ground. Bounce juggling is bouncing objects (usually balls) off the ground. Contact juggling is manipulating the object in constant contact with the body. One division of juggling by method is into toss, balancing (equilibristics),
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Comedy juggling acts vary greatly in their skill level, prop use and costuming. However, they all share the fact that the focus of the performance is comedic rather than a demonstration of technical juggling skill. Comedy juggling acts are most commonly seen in street performance, festivals and
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World
Juggling Day was created as an annual day of recognition for the hobby, with the intent to teach people how to juggle, to promote juggling and to get jugglers together and celebrate. It is held on the Saturday in June closest to the 17th, the founding date of the International Jugglers'
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is by far the most common juggling notation. Various heights of throw, considered to take specific "beats" of time to complete, are assigned a relative number. From those, a pattern is conveyed as a sequence of numbers, such as "3", "744", or "97531". Those examples are for two hands making
1298:"The time that a ball spends in flight is proportional to the square root of the height of the throw," meaning that the number of balls used greatly increases the amount of speed or height required, which increases the need for accuracy between the direction and synchronization of throws.
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Most cities and large towns now have juggling clubs. These are often based within, or connected to, universities and colleges. There are also community circus groups that teach young people and put on shows. The
Juggling Edge maintains a searchable database of most juggling clubs.
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only track the props that are in the air, and assumes that a juggler has a prop in each hand. Numeric notation systems are more popular and standardized than diagram-based notations. They are used extensively in both a written form and in normal conversations among jugglers.
407:"In tomb 15, the prince is looking on to things he enjoyed in life that he wishes to take to the next world. The fact that jugglers are represented in a tomb suggests religious significance." ... "round things were used to represent large solar objects, birth, and death."
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Balls, clubs, rings, diabolos, devil sticks, shaker cups, and cigar boxes are several types of objects that are commonly juggled. Other objects, such as scarves, knives, fruits and vegetables, flaming torches, chainsaws, and toilet plungers, have also been
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Diagram-based notations are the clearest way to show juggling patterns on paper, but as they are based on images, their use is limited in text-based communication. Ladder diagrams track the path of all the props through time, where the less complicated
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theatres became more popular, and jugglers were in demand to fill time between music acts, performing in front of the curtain while sets were changed. Performers started specializing in juggling, separating it from other kinds of performance such as
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was an art performed by some warriors. One such warrior was Xiong Yiliao, whose juggling of nine balls in front of troops on a battlefield reportedly caused the opposing troops to flee without fighting, resulting in a complete victory.
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and the average of the numbers in a siteswap pattern equal the number of balls required for the pattern. For example, the number of three digit three ball patterns is 3 = 27, and the box, (4,2x)(2x,4), requires (4+2+4+2)/4 = 3 balls.
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There is a wide variety of festivals and fairs where juggling acts are sometimes booked to perform. Music, food and arts festivals have all booked professional performers. The festivals can range from very large scale events such as
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Renaissance fairs in North
America and medieval fairs in Europe often book professional jugglers. Other historically themed events such as Victorian, maritime, and large-scale festivals of history such as the one organised by
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An illustration of
Shannon's juggling theorem for the cascade juggling pattern, note that the hand making the toss reverses each time through the pattern (1st time: RLR, 2nd time: LRL), meaning the tosses alternate between
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Professional jugglers perform in a number of different styles, which are not mutually exclusive. These juggling styles have developed or been introduced over time with some becoming more popular at some times than others.
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Juggling tricks and patterns can become very complex, and hence can be difficult to communicate to others. Therefore, notation systems have been developed for specifying patterns, as well as for discovering new patterns.
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juggling a three-club pattern themselves, but then simultaneously passing between each other. Another variation is where the jugglers are back-to-back, and (usually) any passes to the other person travel over their heads.
173:. Juggling can be the manipulation of one object or many objects at the same time, most often using one or two hands but other body parts as well, like feet or head. Jugglers often refer to the objects they juggle as
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for patterns where one hand holds or throws two or more balls on the same beat. Other extensions to siteswap have been developed, including passing siteswap, Multi-Hand
Notation (MHN), and General Siteswap (GS).
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Gentleman juggling was popular in variety theatres and usually involves juggling some of the elements of a gentleman's attire, namely hats, canes, gloves, cigars, and other everyday items such as plates and
1801:(London, England), 27 July 1813, p.2:'The exhibition of the Indian Jugglers, at No. 87, Pall-mall, has been attended by nearly all the Families of distinction in town; and is becoming extremely popular.'
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Since the 1980s, a juggling culture has developed. The scene revolves around local clubs and organizations, special events, shows, magazines, web sites, internet forums and, possibly most importantly,
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Juggling has been performed in space despite the fact that the micro-gravity environment of orbit deprives the juggled objects of the essential ability to fall. This was accomplished initially by
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European countries, particularly
Germany. Television talent shows have introduced juggling acts to a wider audience with the newest examples being Britain's Got Talent and America's Got Talent.
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657:. Juggling today has evolved and branched out to the point where it is synonymous with all prop manipulation. The wide variety of the juggling scene can be seen at any juggling convention.
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Numbers juggling is the goal of juggling as many objects as possible. This is often the initial goal of beginner jugglers, as it is commonly seen in the circus and stage juggling acts.
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Toss juggling and club passing world records used to be tracked by the
Juggling Information Service Committee on Numbers Juggling (JISCON) (now defunct). Some records are tracked by
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and other
Eastern European countries, China, Latin America and other European countries. Some of the greatest jugglers from the past 50 years are from Eastern Europe, including
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Jugglers perform themed acts, sometimes with specifically themed props and usually in themed costumes. Examples include jesters, pirates, sports, Victorians and chefs.
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Juggling is most commonly performed by an individual. However, multiple-person juggling is also popular and is performed by two or more people. Various methods of
579:, stuffed leather bags, wooden spheres, or various metals. Solid or inflatable rubber balls meant that bounce juggling was possible. Inflated rubber balls made
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Jugglers commonly feature in circuses, with many performers having enjoyed a star billing. Circus jugglers come from many countries and include those from
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tomb of an unknown
Egyptian prince, showing female dancers and acrobats throwing balls. Juggling has been recorded in many early cultures including
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1455:. For showing patterns in which both hands throw at the same time, there are other notating conventions for synchronous siteswap. There is also
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959:. The style is often sophisticated and visual rather than comedic, though it has been interpreted in many different styles. French juggler
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to small town or village fairs. The acts may differ from year to year or a one-act may become a regular feature at these yearly events.
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created the first sport juggling organization in the early nineties − the
International Sport Juggling Federation, which promotes
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Mathematics has been used to understand juggling as juggling has been used to test mathematics. The number of possible patterns
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are usually colourful with sequins. Variations within this style include the traditions from Chinese and Russian circus.
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in the sense of manipulating objects for entertainment originates as far back as the 11th century, the current sense of
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processing developed, and jugglers started using rubber balls. Previously, juggling balls were made from balls of
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In the early to mid-20th century, variety and vaudeville shows decreased in popularity due to competition from
469:, most histories were written by religious clerics who frowned upon the type of performers who juggled, called
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nightmare, stating that it is one of the least understood relating to magic. In the 21st century, the term
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and the United States have produced some of the greatest jugglers from the past 50 years, most notably
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conventions also include a main show (open to the general public), competitions, and juggling games.
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In the early 19th century, troupes from Asia, such as the famous "Indian Jugglers" referred to by
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In many countries such as the UK, USA, Australia, Spain, France jugglers perform on the street (
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toss: 1st 2nd 3rd hand: D--VD—VD—V ball: D--F--D--F-- R L R L R L
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Two person juggling passing multiple objects between them was first accomplished in space by
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This ancient wall painting appears to depict jugglers. It was found in the 15th tomb of the
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An appearance by the leader of the Indian Jugglers troupe, Ramo Samee, is described in the
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The earliest record of juggling is suggested in a panel from the 15th (1994 to 1781 B.C.)
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819:. Sport juggling competitions reward pure technical ability and give no extra credit for
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for recreation, entertainment, art or sport. The most recognizable form of juggling is
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1387:= number of hands. For example, a hand's and a ball's perspectives in the two-hand (
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in October 2008. Their juggling of objects while in orbit was featured in
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can also commonly refer to other prop-based manipulation skills, such as
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2090:"Juggling enhances connections in the brain | University of Oxford"
2015:
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1992:"St. Louisan juggles his way into spot with Cirque du Soleil show"
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demonstrates a trick using a teacup, saucer, and tray in his show
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Cascade ladder diagram minimum required by siteswap (siteswap: 3)
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There is no organisation that tracks all juggling world records.
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acts. Since then, jugglers have been associated with circuses.
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theatres employed jugglers, often hiring European performers.
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465:, after which the activity fell into disgrace. Throughout the
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Young juggler performing during the 2009 Circus Festival in
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Cascade ladder suggested by Shannon's formula (siteswap: 3)
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and 'Zero-G Magic', a magic show also recorded in space by
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The best known type of juggling is toss juggling, which is
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easier and more readily accessible. Soon in North America,
653:. In recent years, there has also been a growing focus on
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In Europe, juggling was an acceptable diversion until the
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were the terms most consistently used to describe acts of
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314:, meaning "to jest". Although the etymology of the terms
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and is commonly used to share patterns between Jugglers.
539:, arrived to tour Britain, Europe and parts of America.
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among the audience for tips. Some kings' and noblemen’s
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alternating or "asynchronous" throws, and often called
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or for juggling with props such as knives or torches.
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Juggling has more recently developed as a competitive
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regularly employ juggling acts as part of the event.
403:. According to Dr. Bianchi, associate curator of the
1705:"Prof. Arthur Lewbel's Research in Juggling History"
1375:= time a ball spends in a hand/time a hand is full,
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2121:. Santa Cruz: Renegade Juggling. pp. 137–138.
1135:, the first science fiction movie made in space by
57:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2244:Ziethen, Karl-Heinz & Serena, Alessandro 2003
1730:"The JIS Museum of Juggling's Ethnography section"
1021:In North America jugglers have often performed in
473:, accusing them of base morals or even practicing
191:. Some jugglers use more dramatic objects such as
1789:Chinese Acrobatics Through the Ages, by Fu Qifeng
1499:Oxford English Dictionary, Second Edition, 1989:
721:Juggling can be categorised by various criteria:
563:style was established by German jugglers such as
501:, though their main skills would have been oral (
1308:("the tendency of two limbs to move at the same
768:Many patterns and tricks can be described using
2342:- detailed collection of toss juggling patterns
1605:Sports and Games of the 18th and 19th Centuries
786:records are noted by a number of organisations.
2320:- dated but has a huge amount of information (
2263:, Werner Rausch & Werner Luft Inc, Berlin
139:"Juggler" redirects here. For other uses, see
2929:
2379:
2287:The International Jugglers' Association (IJA)
2259:Ziethen, Karl-Heinz & Allen, Andrew 1985
879:Street juggler Mark Lippard on stilts at the
477:. Jugglers in this era would only perform in
8:
1753:Petra and the Lost Kingdom of the Nabataeans
150:Children performing juggling as part of the
1679:Beek, Peter J. and Lewbel, Arthur (1995). "
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950:at the Emerald Room in St Louis, Missouri.
497:would have been able to juggle or perform
1920:"International Sport Juggling Federation"
154:supported Mobile Mini Circus for Children
117:Learn how and when to remove this message
2293:The European Jugglers' Association (EJA)
1511:
1509:
757:gyroscopic (spin), and contact juggling.
2289:— worldwide community of jugglers
2143:"Rudy Cardenas - A Living Legend · IJA"
1890:"Juggling Edge - Global Juggling Clubs"
1492:
560:
2336:- juggling subreddit; active community
2295:— European community of jugglers
360:According to James Ernest in his book
132:For the novel by Barbara Trapido, see
2330:- up to date events and club listings
831:and other athletic forms of juggling.
7:
3381:
1962:"Meaning and expression in juggling"
1628:, p.134. American Mathematical Soc.
686:Pair of street jugglers with torches
161:is a physical skill, performed by a
55:adding citations to reliable sources
2299:The World Juggling Federation (WJF)
2157:"Siteswap Fundamentals ⋆ Thom Wall"
636:International Jugglers' Association
341:, though some have called the term
329:From the 12th to the 17th century,
152:International Jugglers' Association
1624:Borwein, Jonathan M.; ed. (1997).
1539:The Art of Iugling or Legerdemaine
1424:With a few more balls: 10 siteswap
25:
2261:Juggling: The Art and its Artists
1371:= time a ball spends in the air,
368:, combines abstract patterns and
129:Circus skill manipulating objects
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3371:
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2360:- list of world juggling records
2248:, Renegade Juggling, Santa Cruz
2104:"Juggling increases brain power"
1338:
1324:
1121:while Garriott was visiting the
31:
42:needs additional citations for
1941:"JIS Numbers Juggling Records"
1573:. Cited in Ernest (2011), p.1.
290:"), which in turn is from the
1:
2201:Encyclopedia of Ball Juggling
1812:J. Green: The Indian Jugglers
815:by organizations such as the
2358:JIS Numbers Juggling Records
2353:A glossary of juggling terms
2318:Juggling Information Service
2117:Ziethen, Karl-Heinz (2003).
2042:"The Joy of Zero-G Juggling"
1571:American Heritage Dictionary
1075:A street performer juggling
1025:, in places like Las Vegas.
806:Sport (competitive) juggling
179:. The most common props are
2233:, Finesse Press, San Diego
2186:Compendium of Club Juggling
1123:International Space Station
881:Lexington Barbecue Festival
463:decline of the Roman Empire
3438:
2218:, Vintage Books, New York
2065:"Greg Chamitoff's Journal"
1943:. Juggling.org. 2011-06-20
1756:. London, United Kingdom:
1732:. Juggling.org. 1995-03-13
1647:Remember the Force Hassan!
1427:
1170:
1163:connectivity performance.
1054:Historically themed events
860:Juggling is often used in
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1707:. .bc.edu. Archived from
1379:= time a hand is vacant,
1159:study, juggling improves
817:World Juggling Federation
777:Number of objects juggled
602:juggling on a unicycling
455:Juggling in ancient China
1318:Juggling ladder diagrams
1037:from the United States.
948:On the Topic of Juggling
524:opened the first modern
2203:, Butterfingers, Devon
1681:The Science of Juggling
1645:Gillen, Billy (1986). "
1383:= number of balls, and
1355:, builder of the first
1127:Spaceflight Participant
725:Professional or amateur
611:Modern juggling culture
387:Ancient to 20th century
167:manipulation of objects
3148:Cigar box manipulation
1823:Orientalism-in-Art.org
1603:Crego, Robert (2003).
1582:Ernest, James (2011).
1521:OxfordDictionaries.com
1425:
1279:
1087:
951:
903:
883:
872:
851:Guinness World Records
842:Juggling world records
718:
710:
698:
694:Juggling seven rings,
687:
606:
408:
370:mind-body coordination
268:
155:
2246:Virtuosos of Juggling
2231:Juggling with Finesse
2199:Dancey, Charlie 2001
2184:Dancey, Charlie 1995
2119:Virtuosos of Juggling
2016:"Gaston Palmer - IJA"
1750:Jane, Taylor (2001).
1423:
1276:
1074:
941:
894:
878:
859:
716:
704:
693:
685:
655:juggling competitions
598:
542:In the 19th century,
394:
258:
149:
2655:Juggling Conventions
2496:Rubenstein's Revenge
2216:The Complete Juggler
2214:Finnigan, Dave 1987
2188:Butterfingers, Bath
2040:Giduz, Bill (1985).
1542:. Project Gutenberg.
1048:Glastonbury Festival
709:, Daniel Hochsteiner
651:juggling conventions
372:in a pleasing way."
299:. There is also the
51:improve this article
3230:Equestrian vaulting
2888:Rhythmic gymnastics
2399:object manipulation
2340:Library of Juggling
1909:Ernest (2011), p.2.
1692:Scientific American
1626:Organic Mathematics
1558:Merriam-Webster.com
1395:) cascade pattern:
1302:Coupled oscillation
1041:Festivals and fairs
717:Juggling a Football
615:Juggling convention
382:History of juggling
376:Origins and history
3417:Street performance
2229:Summers, Kit 1987
2106:. 12 October 2009.
1892:. JugglingEdge.com
1871:2015-06-30 at the
1866:World Juggling Day
1817:2016-08-14 at the
1686:2016-03-04 at the
1481:Passing (juggling)
1457:multiplex siteswap
1426:
1290:or fewer balls is
1286:digits long using
1280:
1088:
1067:Street performance
952:
942:Gentleman juggler
934:Gentleman juggling
904:
884:
873:
791:Number of jugglers
747:Method of juggling
719:
711:
699:
688:
607:
409:
353:usually refers to
286:("to entertain by
269:
156:
3394:
3393:
3290:Human firecracker
2911:
2910:
2764:Coin manipulation
2328:The Juggling Edge
2063:Chamitoff, Greg.
2022:. 7 December 2016
1990:Lisenby, Ashley.
1659:: Vol. 38, No. 2.
1430:Juggling notation
1416:Juggling notation
1205:& Lotti Brunn
1157:Oxford University
1033:from Germany and
994:Andrii Kolesnikov
864:arts, such as in
770:Siteswap Notation
683:
671:Forms of juggling
561:Gentleman Juggler
495:fools, or jesters
288:performing tricks
263:(also known as a
127:
126:
119:
101:
16:(Redirected from
3429:
3384:
3383:
3374:
3373:
3235:Human cannonball
3190:Fire performance
3163:Hat manipulation
3153:Contact juggling
3001:Chair acrobatics
2938:
2931:
2924:
2915:
2789:Flair bartending
2769:Contact juggling
2518:
2388:
2381:
2374:
2365:
2305:Extreme juggling
2172:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2153:
2147:
2146:
2145:. 20 March 2015.
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1584:Contact Juggling
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1497:
1476:Flair bartending
1453:vanilla siteswap
1361:juggling theorem
1342:
1328:
1244:Luca Pferdmenges
1219:Paul Cinquevalli
1173:List of jugglers
1167:Notable jugglers
1155:According to an
1119:Richard Garriott
1061:English Heritage
1008:Variety theatres
1002:Gregory Popovich
998:Evgenij Biljauer
784:Numbers juggling
696:Luca Pferdmenges
684:
553:sword swallowing
362:Contact Juggling
279:derive from the
241:hat manipulation
229:contact juggling
165:, involving the
134:Juggling (novel)
122:
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2179:Further reading
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1271:
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1224:Michael Moschen
1214:Enrico Rastelli
1175:
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1151:Health benefits
1104:
1069:
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967:Themed juggling
936:
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925:Comedy juggling
918:
916:Circus juggling
909:
889:
866:Jennifer Miller
844:
838:
736:Objects juggled
675:
673:
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609:Main articles:
593:
537:William Hazlitt
451:civilizations.
405:Brooklyn Museum
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2020:www.juggle.org
2007:
1982:
1953:
1932:
1911:
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1791:
1780:
1766:
1760:. p. 41.
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1428:Main article:
1417:
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1397:
1391:) three-ball (
1359:, developed a
1357:juggling robot
1353:Claude Shannon
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1195:Sergej Ignatov
1192:
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1171:Main article:
1168:
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1147:at that time.
1132:Apogee of Fear
1115:Greg Chamitoff
1103:
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705:Juggling four
669:Main article:
666:
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621:motion picture
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380:Main article:
377:
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281:Middle English
261:3 ball cascade
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107:November 2022
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68: –
67:
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62:Find sources:
56:
52:
46:
45:
40:This article
38:
34:
29:
28:
19:
3278:Circus clown
3135:manipulation
3127:
3118:Trick riding
3041:Hand to hand
3006:Chinese pole
2821:Pen spinning
2816:Keepie uppie
2799:Hoop rolling
2774:Devil sticks
2682:Competitions
2634:Trick roping
2572:Cup-and-ball
2394:
2346:
2345:
2311:
2310:
2280:
2279:
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2245:
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2200:
2185:
2165:. Retrieved
2163:. 2017-09-05
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2072:. Retrieved
2068:
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2024:. Retrieved
2019:
2010:
1999:. Retrieved
1996:stltoday.com
1995:
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1970:the original
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1894:. Retrieved
1884:
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1771:. Retrieved
1752:
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1724:
1713:. Retrieved
1709:the original
1699:
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1652:Juggling.org
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1254:Thomas Dietz
1239:Luke Burrage
1185:Albert Lucas
1154:
1130:
1112:
1108:Don Williams
1105:
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1057:
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1020:
1011:
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957:wine bottles
953:
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910:
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825:Albert Lucas
720:
659:
648:
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633:
618:
600:Albert Alter
591:20th century
541:
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515:storytelling
479:marketplaces
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217:devil sticks
204:
197:fire torches
175:
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80:
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61:
49:Please help
44:verification
41:
3356:Flea circus
3310:Target girl
3266:Lion taming
3240:Teeterboard
3205:Firewalking
3200:Fire eating
3091:Spanish web
3081:Slacklining
3071:Russian bar
3021:Corde lisse
3011:Cloud swing
2986:Aerial silk
2981:Aerial hoop
2971:Acrobalance
2759:Chinese top
2589:Fingerboard
2565:Indian club
2543:Bouncy ball
2465:Mills' Mess
1534:Rid, Samuel
1269:Mathematics
1234:Jonglissimo
1190:Alex Barron
887:Performance
870:Circus Amok
821:showmanship
467:Middle Ages
225:cigar boxes
203:. The term
141:The Juggler
3412:Ball games
3401:Categories
3341:Roustabout
3300:Ringmaster
3245:Trampoline
3016:Contortion
2963:contortion
2953:Acrobatics
2843:Rattleback
2784:Fire staff
2548:Hacky sack
2334:r/juggling
2167:2017-11-21
2128:0974184802
2074:18 January
2026:2017-11-21
2001:2017-08-27
1976:2017-11-21
1947:2012-04-16
1926:2012-04-16
1922:. isjf.org
1896:2012-07-15
1838:Table Talk
1758:I.B.Tauris
1736:2012-03-27
1715:2012-03-27
1487:References
1472:(category)
629:television
623:theatres,
585:vaudeville
548:music hall
499:acrobatics
475:witchcraft
449:Polynesian
413:Beni Hasan
301:Late Latin
292:Old French
271:The words
77:newspapers
66:"Juggling"
3305:Strongman
3295:Puppeteer
3096:Tightrope
3086:Slackwire
3036:Hair hang
3031:Cyr wheel
2584:Fan dance
2555:Cigar box
2470:Multiplex
2460:Jollyball
2312:Resources
2161:Thom Wall
1799:The Times
1310:frequency
1262:Thom Wall
1209:Bobby May
1141:Chamitoff
1085:Wiltshire
944:Thom Wall
520:In 1768,
421:Nabataean
397:Karyssa I
324:to juggle
251:Etymology
201:chainsaws
3407:Juggling
3376:Category
3351:Sideshow
3222:Vaulting
3168:Twirling
3143:Bullwhip
3128:Juggling
2883:Jugglers
2779:Fire fan
2739:Astrojax
2731:twirling
2538:Bean bag
2480:Siteswap
2475:Notation
2455:Joggling
2445:Fountain
2407:Patterns
2395:Juggling
2069:Nasa.gov
1869:Archived
1815:Archived
1684:Archived
1607:, p.16.
1569:(1983).
1536:(1612).
1501:juggling
1470:Jugglers
1464:See also
1448:Siteswap
1367:, where
1199:Air Jazz
1161:cerebral
1145:Garriott
1137:Garriott
829:joggling
754:throwing
707:racquets
417:Egyptian
351:juggling
343:juggling
331:juggling
320:juggling
312:joculari
305:joculare
273:juggling
265:Siteswap
245:kick-ups
205:juggling
159:Juggling
3386:Commons
3346:Showman
3324:Related
3158:Diabolo
3101:Trapeze
2958:balance
2871:History
2866:Culture
2794:Hooping
2726:Balance
2577:Kendama
2491:Passing
2435:Columns
2425:Cascade
2322:website
1836:In his
1773:16 July
1586:, p.1.
1408:6×2=4×3
1092:busking
1081:Devizes
1077:torches
1027:Germany
1023:casinos
1017:Casinos
930:fairs.
901:Finland
798:passing
565:Salerno
544:variety
471:gleemen
425:Chinese
335:juggler
316:juggler
296:jangler
284:jogelen
277:juggler
233:hooping
209:diabolo
163:juggler
91:scholar
18:Juggler
3133:object
3111:Static
3106:Flying
3056:Risley
3026:Cradle
2976:Adagio
2831:tricks
2811:Meteor
2806:Kemari
2704:JISCON
2647:events
2643:Groups
2609:Jianzi
2501:Shower
2450:Havana
2267:
2252:
2237:
2222:
2207:
2192:
2125:
2052:: 4–6.
1764:
1632:
1611:
1590:
1554:Juggle
1517:Juggle
1503:entry.
1096:bottle
1000:, and
986:Russia
980:Circus
975:Venues
897:Kerava
862:circus
573:Rubber
559:. The
526:circus
511:comedy
503:poetry
429:Indian
399:area,
193:knives
93:
86:
79:
72:
64:
3331:Carny
3273:Clown
3254:Other
3183:Plate
3173:Baton
3051:Perch
2960:, and
2898:Terms
2893:Robot
2859:Other
2850:Yo-yo
2660:BACAF
2629:Torch
2614:Knife
2525:Props
2440:Flash
2412:forms
2347:Other
1411:12=12
1278:hands
1125:as a
1102:Space
907:Style
813:sport
742:used.
625:radio
577:twine
557:magic
530:clown
507:music
491:bards
445:Aztec
441:Norse
437:Roman
433:Greek
401:Egypt
366:music
339:magic
309:Latin
303:form
237:yo-yo
189:rings
187:, or
185:clubs
181:balls
176:props
98:JSTOR
84:books
3178:Hoop
3131:and
2729:and
2645:and
2624:Ring
2560:Club
2533:Ball
2506:Toss
2484:list
2430:Claw
2410:and
2397:and
2265:ISBN
2250:ISBN
2235:ISBN
2220:ISBN
2205:ISBN
2190:ISBN
2123:ISBN
2076:2015
2050:37–2
1775:2016
1762:ISBN
1630:ISBN
1609:ISBN
1588:ISBN
1304:and
1143:and
1117:and
634:The
627:and
613:and
569:Kara
567:and
555:and
546:and
513:and
333:and
318:and
275:and
243:and
70:news
2838:Top
2826:Poi
2716:WJF
2699:JIS
2694:IJA
2675:IJC
2670:EJC
2665:BJC
2604:Hat
2420:Box
1877:IJA
1875:",
1821:",
1690:",
1649:",
1556:",
1519:",
1079:in
868:'s
517:).
487:bag
485:or
483:hat
307:of
221:poi
199:or
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227:,
223:,
219:,
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2078:.
2029:.
2004:.
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1950:.
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1718:.
1694:.
1636:.
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1560:.
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1393:N
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1381:N
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1288:b
1284:n
143:.
136:.
120:)
114:(
109:)
105:(
95:·
88:·
81:·
74:·
47:.
20:)
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