1829:(1821) Hazlitt recalled the opening routine: '... the chief of the Indian Jugglers begins with tossing up two brass balls, which is what any of us could do, and concludes with keeping up four at the same time, which is what none of us could do to save our lives... to make them revolve round him at certain intervals, like the planets in their spheres, to make them chase one another like sparkles of fire, or shoot up like flowers or meteors, to throw them behind his back and twine them round his neck like ribbons or like serpents...with all the ease, the grace, the carelessness imaginable... is skill surmounting difficulty, and beauty triumphing over skill.'
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620:, and juggling suffered as a result. Music and comedy transferred very easily to radio, but juggling could not. In the early years of TV, when variety-style programming was popular, jugglers were often featured; but developing a new act for each new show, week after week, was more difficult for jugglers than other types of entertainers; comedians and musicians can pay others to write their material, but jugglers cannot get other people to learn new skills on their behalf.
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1301:") appear to be easier in all patterns and also required by certain patterns. For example, "the fountain pattern...can be stably performed in two ways...one can perform the fountain with different frequencies for the two hands, but that coordination is difficult because of the tendency of the limbs to synchronize," while "in the cascade...the crossing of the balls between the hands demands that one hand catches at the same rate that the other hand throws."
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353:, most people will describe juggling as "throwing and catching things"; however, a juggler might describe the act as "a visually complex or physically challenging feat using one or more objects". David Levinson and Karen Christensen describe juggling as "the sport of tossing and catching or manipulating objects keeping them in constant motion". "Juggling, like
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627:, founded in 1947, began as an association for professional vaudeville jugglers, but restrictions for membership were eventually changed, and non-performers were permitted to join and attend the annual conventions. The IJA continues to hold an annual convention each summer and runs a number of other programs dedicated to advance the art of juggling worldwide.
1087:. Most street jugglers perform comedy juggling acts. Well known locations for this kind of street performance include Covent Garden in London, Faneuil Hall in Boston, Outside the Pump Rooms in Bath, Prince's Street in Edinburgh, outside the Pompidou Centre in Paris, Circular Quay in Sydney, and Pearl Street in Boulder.
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professional jugglers in the last thirty years. Festivals, fairs, retail promotions and corporate events have all booked juggling acts. The increase in hobby juggling has resulted in juggling stores opening and numerous juggling conventions being run to fulfill the needs of an increasingly popular pastime.
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Variety theatres have a long history of including juggling acts on their billing. Vaudeville in the USA and Music halls in the UK regularly featured jugglers during the heyday of variety theatre in the first half of 20th century. Variety theatre has declined in popularity but is still present in many
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Traditional circus-style juggling emphasises high levels of skill and sometimes large-scale props to enable the act to "fill" the circus ring. The juggling act may involve some comedy or other circus skills such as acrobatics, but the principal focus is the technical skill of the jugglers. Costumes
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the objects between the jugglers is used — this can be through the air (as in toss juggling), bounced off the ground, simply handed over, or a number of other ways depending on the objects and the style of juggling. For example, one variation is where two club jugglers stand facing each other, each
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This type of juggling involves performing tricks of varying levels of difficulty. The tricks can use the basic patterns of toss juggling but add more difficult levels of object manipulation. Other tricks can be independent of these basic patterns and involve other variations of object manipulation.
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Juggling conventions or festivals form the backbone of the juggling scene. The focus of most of these conventions is the main space used for open juggling. There will also be more formal workshops in which expert jugglers will work with small groups on specific skills and techniques. Most juggling
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Juggling up until the latter half of the 20th century has been principally practised as a profession. Since the 1960s, and even more so from the 1980s, juggling has also been practiced as a hobby. The popularity of juggling acts performing outside the circus has meant an increase in the number of
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and catching objects in the air without the objects touching the ground. Bounce juggling is bouncing objects (usually balls) off the ground. Contact juggling is manipulating the object in constant contact with the body. One division of juggling by method is into toss, balancing (equilibristics),
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Comedy juggling acts vary greatly in their skill level, prop use and costuming. However, they all share the fact that the focus of the performance is comedic rather than a demonstration of technical juggling skill. Comedy juggling acts are most commonly seen in street performance, festivals and
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World
Juggling Day was created as an annual day of recognition for the hobby, with the intent to teach people how to juggle, to promote juggling and to get jugglers together and celebrate. It is held on the Saturday in June closest to the 17th, the founding date of the International Jugglers'
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is by far the most common juggling notation. Various heights of throw, considered to take specific "beats" of time to complete, are assigned a relative number. From those, a pattern is conveyed as a sequence of numbers, such as "3", "744", or "97531". Those examples are for two hands making
1287:"The time that a ball spends in flight is proportional to the square root of the height of the throw," meaning that the number of balls used greatly increases the amount of speed or height required, which increases the need for accuracy between the direction and synchronization of throws.
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Most cities and large towns now have juggling clubs. These are often based within, or connected to, universities and colleges. There are also community circus groups that teach young people and put on shows. The
Juggling Edge maintains a searchable database of most juggling clubs.
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only track the props that are in the air, and assumes that a juggler has a prop in each hand. Numeric notation systems are more popular and standardized than diagram-based notations. They are used extensively in both a written form and in normal conversations among jugglers.
396:"In tomb 15, the prince is looking on to things he enjoyed in life that he wishes to take to the next world. The fact that jugglers are represented in a tomb suggests religious significance." ... "round things were used to represent large solar objects, birth, and death."
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Balls, clubs, rings, diabolos, devil sticks, shaker cups, and cigar boxes are several types of objects that are commonly juggled. Other objects, such as scarves, knives, fruits and vegetables, flaming torches, chainsaws, and toilet plungers, have also been
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Diagram-based notations are the clearest way to show juggling patterns on paper, but as they are based on images, their use is limited in text-based communication. Ladder diagrams track the path of all the props through time, where the less complicated
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theatres became more popular, and jugglers were in demand to fill time between music acts, performing in front of the curtain while sets were changed. Performers started specializing in juggling, separating it from other kinds of performance such as
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was an art performed by some warriors. One such warrior was Xiong Yiliao, whose juggling of nine balls in front of troops on a battlefield reportedly caused the opposing troops to flee without fighting, resulting in a complete victory.
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and the average of the numbers in a siteswap pattern equal the number of balls required for the pattern. For example, the number of three digit three ball patterns is 3 = 27, and the box, (4,2x)(2x,4), requires (4+2+4+2)/4 = 3 balls.
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There is a wide variety of festivals and fairs where juggling acts are sometimes booked to perform. Music, food and arts festivals have all booked professional performers. The festivals can range from very large scale events such as
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Renaissance fairs in North
America and medieval fairs in Europe often book professional jugglers. Other historically themed events such as Victorian, maritime, and large-scale festivals of history such as the one organised by
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An illustration of
Shannon's juggling theorem for the cascade juggling pattern, note that the hand making the toss reverses each time through the pattern (1st time: RLR, 2nd time: LRL), meaning the tosses alternate between
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Professional jugglers perform in a number of different styles, which are not mutually exclusive. These juggling styles have developed or been introduced over time with some becoming more popular at some times than others.
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Juggling tricks and patterns can become very complex, and hence can be difficult to communicate to others. Therefore, notation systems have been developed for specifying patterns, as well as for discovering new patterns.
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juggling a three-club pattern themselves, but then simultaneously passing between each other. Another variation is where the jugglers are back-to-back, and (usually) any passes to the other person travel over their heads.
162:. Juggling can be the manipulation of one object or many objects at the same time, most often using one or two hands but other body parts as well, like feet or head. Jugglers often refer to the objects they juggle as
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for patterns where one hand holds or throws two or more balls on the same beat. Other extensions to siteswap have been developed, including passing siteswap, Multi-Hand
Notation (MHN), and General Siteswap (GS).
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Gentleman juggling was popular in variety theatres and usually involves juggling some of the elements of a gentleman's attire, namely hats, canes, gloves, cigars, and other everyday items such as plates and
1790:(London, England), 27 July 1813, p.2:'The exhibition of the Indian Jugglers, at No. 87, Pall-mall, has been attended by nearly all the Families of distinction in town; and is becoming extremely popular.'
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Since the 1980s, a juggling culture has developed. The scene revolves around local clubs and organizations, special events, shows, magazines, web sites, internet forums and, possibly most importantly,
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Juggling has been performed in space despite the fact that the micro-gravity environment of orbit deprives the juggled objects of the essential ability to fall. This was accomplished initially by
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European countries, particularly
Germany. Television talent shows have introduced juggling acts to a wider audience with the newest examples being Britain's Got Talent and America's Got Talent.
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646:. Juggling today has evolved and branched out to the point where it is synonymous with all prop manipulation. The wide variety of the juggling scene can be seen at any juggling convention.
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Numbers juggling is the goal of juggling as many objects as possible. This is often the initial goal of beginner jugglers, as it is commonly seen in the circus and stage juggling acts.
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Toss juggling and club passing world records used to be tracked by the
Juggling Information Service Committee on Numbers Juggling (JISCON) (now defunct). Some records are tracked by
1980:
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and other
Eastern European countries, China, Latin America and other European countries. Some of the greatest jugglers from the past 50 years are from Eastern Europe, including
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Jugglers perform themed acts, sometimes with specifically themed props and usually in themed costumes. Examples include jesters, pirates, sports, Victorians and chefs.
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Juggling is most commonly performed by an individual. However, multiple-person juggling is also popular and is performed by two or more people. Various methods of
568:, stuffed leather bags, wooden spheres, or various metals. Solid or inflatable rubber balls meant that bounce juggling was possible. Inflated rubber balls made
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Jugglers commonly feature in circuses, with many performers having enjoyed a star billing. Circus jugglers come from many countries and include those from
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tomb of an unknown
Egyptian prince, showing female dancers and acrobats throwing balls. Juggling has been recorded in many early cultures including
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1444:. For showing patterns in which both hands throw at the same time, there are other notating conventions for synchronous siteswap. There is also
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948:. The style is often sophisticated and visual rather than comedic, though it has been interpreted in many different styles. French juggler
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to small town or village fairs. The acts may differ from year to year or a one-act may become a regular feature at these yearly events.
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created the first sport juggling organization in the early nineties − the
International Sport Juggling Federation, which promotes
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Mathematics has been used to understand juggling as juggling has been used to test mathematics. The number of possible patterns
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are usually colourful with sequins. Variations within this style include the traditions from Chinese and Russian circus.
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in the sense of manipulating objects for entertainment originates as far back as the 11th century, the current sense of
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processing developed, and jugglers started using rubber balls. Previously, juggling balls were made from balls of
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In the early to mid-20th century, variety and vaudeville shows decreased in popularity due to competition from
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nightmare, stating that it is one of the least understood relating to magic. In the 21st century, the term
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and the United States have produced some of the greatest jugglers from the past 50 years, most notably
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conventions also include a main show (open to the general public), competitions, and juggling games.
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In the early 19th century, troupes from Asia, such as the famous "Indian Jugglers" referred to by
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In many countries such as the UK, USA, Australia, Spain, France jugglers perform on the street (
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toss: 1st 2nd 3rd hand: D--VD—VD—V ball: D--F--D--F-- R L R L R L
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Two person juggling passing multiple objects between them was first accomplished in space by
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This ancient wall painting appears to depict jugglers. It was found in the 15th tomb of the
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An appearance by the leader of the Indian Jugglers troupe, Ramo Samee, is described in the
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The earliest record of juggling is suggested in a panel from the 15th (1994 to 1781 B.C.)
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808:. Sport juggling competitions reward pure technical ability and give no extra credit for
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for recreation, entertainment, art or sport. The most recognizable form of juggling is
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1376:= number of hands. For example, a hand's and a ball's perspectives in the two-hand (
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in October 2008. Their juggling of objects while in orbit was featured in
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can also commonly refer to other prop-based manipulation skills, such as
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2079:"Juggling enhances connections in the brain | University of Oxford"
2004:
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1981:"St. Louisan juggles his way into spot with Cirque du Soleil show"
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demonstrates a trick using a teacup, saucer, and tray in his show
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Cascade ladder diagram minimum required by siteswap (siteswap: 3)
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There is no organisation that tracks all juggling world records.
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acts. Since then, jugglers have been associated with circuses.
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theatres employed jugglers, often hiring European performers.
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454:, after which the activity fell into disgrace. Throughout the
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Young juggler performing during the 2009 Circus Festival in
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Cascade ladder suggested by Shannon's formula (siteswap: 3)
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and 'Zero-G Magic', a magic show also recorded in space by
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The best known type of juggling is toss juggling, which is
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easier and more readily accessible. Soon in North America,
642:. In recent years, there has also been a growing focus on
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In Europe, juggling was an acceptable diversion until the
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were the terms most consistently used to describe acts of
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303:, meaning "to jest". Although the etymology of the terms
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and is commonly used to share patterns between Jugglers.
528:, arrived to tour Britain, Europe and parts of America.
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among the audience for tips. Some kings' and noblemen’s
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alternating or "asynchronous" throws, and often called
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or for juggling with props such as knives or torches.
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Juggling has more recently developed as a competitive
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regularly employ juggling acts as part of the event.
392:. According to Dr. Bianchi, associate curator of the
1694:"Prof. Arthur Lewbel's Research in Juggling History"
1364:= time a ball spends in a hand/time a hand is full,
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2110:. Santa Cruz: Renegade Juggling. pp. 137–138.
1124:, the first science fiction movie made in space by
46:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2233:Ziethen, Karl-Heinz & Serena, Alessandro 2003
1719:"The JIS Museum of Juggling's Ethnography section"
1010:In North America jugglers have often performed in
462:, accusing them of base morals or even practicing
180:. Some jugglers use more dramatic objects such as
1778:Chinese Acrobatics Through the Ages, by Fu Qifeng
1488:Oxford English Dictionary, Second Edition, 1989:
710:Juggling can be categorised by various criteria:
552:style was established by German jugglers such as
490:, though their main skills would have been oral (
1297:("the tendency of two limbs to move at the same
757:Many patterns and tricks can be described using
2331:- detailed collection of toss juggling patterns
1594:Sports and Games of the 18th and 19th Centuries
775:records are noted by a number of organisations.
2309:- dated but has a huge amount of information (
2252:, Werner Rausch & Werner Luft Inc, Berlin
128:"Juggler" redirects here. For other uses, see
2918:
2368:
2276:The International Jugglers' Association (IJA)
2248:Ziethen, Karl-Heinz & Allen, Andrew 1985
868:Street juggler Mark Lippard on stilts at the
466:. Jugglers in this era would only perform in
8:
1742:Petra and the Lost Kingdom of the Nabataeans
139:Children performing juggling as part of the
1668:Beek, Peter J. and Lewbel, Arthur (1995). "
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939:at the Emerald Room in St Louis, Missouri.
486:would have been able to juggle or perform
1909:"International Sport Juggling Federation"
143:supported Mobile Mini Circus for Children
106:Learn how and when to remove this message
2282:The European Jugglers' Association (EJA)
1500:
1498:
746:gyroscopic (spin), and contact juggling.
2278:— worldwide community of jugglers
2132:"Rudy Cardenas - A Living Legend · IJA"
1879:"Juggling Edge - Global Juggling Clubs"
1481:
549:
2325:- juggling subreddit; active community
2284:— European community of jugglers
349:According to James Ernest in his book
121:For the novel by Barbara Trapido, see
2319:- up to date events and club listings
820:and other athletic forms of juggling.
7:
3370:
1951:"Meaning and expression in juggling"
1617:, p.134. American Mathematical Soc.
675:Pair of street jugglers with torches
150:is a physical skill, performed by a
44:adding citations to reliable sources
2288:The World Juggling Federation (WJF)
2146:"Siteswap Fundamentals ⋆ Thom Wall"
625:International Jugglers' Association
330:, though some have called the term
318:From the 12th to the 17th century,
141:International Jugglers' Association
1613:Borwein, Jonathan M.; ed. (1997).
1528:The Art of Iugling or Legerdemaine
1413:With a few more balls: 10 siteswap
14:
2250:Juggling: The Art and its Artists
1360:= time a ball spends in the air,
357:, combines abstract patterns and
118:Circus skill manipulating objects
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3360:
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2503:
2349:- list of world juggling records
2237:, Renegade Juggling, Santa Cruz
2093:"Juggling increases brain power"
1327:
1313:
1110:while Garriott was visiting the
20:
31:needs additional citations for
1930:"JIS Numbers Juggling Records"
1562:. Cited in Ernest (2011), p.1.
279:"), which in turn is from the
1:
2190:Encyclopedia of Ball Juggling
1801:J. Green: The Indian Jugglers
804:by organizations such as the
2347:JIS Numbers Juggling Records
2342:A glossary of juggling terms
2307:Juggling Information Service
2106:Ziethen, Karl-Heinz (2003).
2031:"The Joy of Zero-G Juggling"
1560:American Heritage Dictionary
1064:A street performer juggling
1014:, in places like Las Vegas.
795:Sport (competitive) juggling
168:. The most common props are
2222:, Finesse Press, San Diego
2175:Compendium of Club Juggling
1112:International Space Station
870:Lexington Barbecue Festival
452:decline of the Roman Empire
3427:
2207:, Vintage Books, New York
2054:"Greg Chamitoff's Journal"
1932:. Juggling.org. 2011-06-20
1745:. London, United Kingdom:
1721:. Juggling.org. 1995-03-13
1636:Remember the Force Hassan!
1416:
1159:
1152:connectivity performance.
1043:Historically themed events
849:Juggling is often used in
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127:
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1696:. .bc.edu. Archived from
1368:= time a hand is vacant,
1148:study, juggling improves
806:World Juggling Federation
766:Number of objects juggled
591:juggling on a unicycling
444:Juggling in ancient China
1307:Juggling ladder diagrams
1026:from the United States.
937:On the Topic of Juggling
513:opened the first modern
2192:, Butterfingers, Devon
1670:The Science of Juggling
1634:Gillen, Billy (1986). "
1372:= number of balls, and
1344:, builder of the first
1116:Spaceflight Participant
714:Professional or amateur
600:Modern juggling culture
376:Ancient to 20th century
156:manipulation of objects
3137:Cigar box manipulation
1812:Orientalism-in-Art.org
1592:Crego, Robert (2003).
1571:Ernest, James (2011).
1510:OxfordDictionaries.com
1414:
1268:
1076:
940:
892:
872:
861:
840:Guinness World Records
831:Juggling world records
707:
699:
687:
683:Juggling seven rings,
676:
595:
397:
359:mind-body coordination
257:
144:
2235:Virtuosos of Juggling
2220:Juggling with Finesse
2188:Dancey, Charlie 2001
2173:Dancey, Charlie 1995
2108:Virtuosos of Juggling
2005:"Gaston Palmer - IJA"
1739:Jane, Taylor (2001).
1412:
1265:
1063:
930:
883:
867:
848:
705:
693:
682:
674:
644:juggling competitions
587:
531:In the 19th century,
383:
247:
138:
2644:Juggling Conventions
2485:Rubenstein's Revenge
2205:The Complete Juggler
2203:Finnigan, Dave 1987
2177:Butterfingers, Bath
2029:Giduz, Bill (1985).
1531:. Project Gutenberg.
1037:Glastonbury Festival
698:, Daniel Hochsteiner
640:juggling conventions
361:in a pleasing way."
288:. There is also the
40:improve this article
3219:Equestrian vaulting
2877:Rhythmic gymnastics
2388:object manipulation
2329:Library of Juggling
1898:Ernest (2011), p.2.
1681:Scientific American
1615:Organic Mathematics
1547:Merriam-Webster.com
1384:) cascade pattern:
1291:Coupled oscillation
1030:Festivals and fairs
706:Juggling a Football
604:Juggling convention
371:History of juggling
365:Origins and history
3406:Street performance
2218:Summers, Kit 1987
2095:. 12 October 2009.
1881:. JugglingEdge.com
1860:2015-06-30 at the
1855:World Juggling Day
1806:2016-08-14 at the
1675:2016-03-04 at the
1470:Passing (juggling)
1446:multiplex siteswap
1415:
1279:or fewer balls is
1275:digits long using
1269:
1077:
1056:Street performance
941:
931:Gentleman juggler
923:Gentleman juggling
893:
873:
862:
780:Number of jugglers
736:Method of juggling
708:
700:
688:
677:
596:
398:
342:usually refers to
275:("to entertain by
258:
145:
3383:
3382:
3279:Human firecracker
2900:
2899:
2753:Coin manipulation
2317:The Juggling Edge
2052:Chamitoff, Greg.
2011:. 7 December 2016
1979:Lisenby, Ashley.
1648:: Vol. 38, No. 2.
1419:Juggling notation
1405:Juggling notation
1194:& Lotti Brunn
1146:Oxford University
1022:from Germany and
983:Andrii Kolesnikov
853:arts, such as in
759:Siteswap Notation
672:
660:Forms of juggling
550:Gentleman Juggler
484:fools, or jesters
277:performing tricks
252:(also known as a
116:
115:
108:
90:
3418:
3373:
3372:
3363:
3362:
3224:Human cannonball
3179:Fire performance
3152:Hat manipulation
3142:Contact juggling
2990:Chair acrobatics
2927:
2920:
2913:
2904:
2778:Flair bartending
2758:Contact juggling
2507:
2377:
2370:
2363:
2354:
2294:Extreme juggling
2161:
2160:
2158:
2157:
2142:
2136:
2135:
2134:. 20 March 2015.
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2020:
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1957:. Archived from
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1573:Contact Juggling
1569:
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1550:
1539:
1533:
1532:
1519:
1513:
1502:
1493:
1486:
1465:Flair bartending
1442:vanilla siteswap
1350:juggling theorem
1331:
1317:
1233:Luca Pferdmenges
1208:Paul Cinquevalli
1162:List of jugglers
1156:Notable jugglers
1144:According to an
1108:Richard Garriott
1050:English Heritage
997:Variety theatres
991:Gregory Popovich
987:Evgenij Biljauer
773:Numbers juggling
685:Luca Pferdmenges
673:
542:sword swallowing
351:Contact Juggling
268:derive from the
230:hat manipulation
218:contact juggling
154:, involving the
123:Juggling (novel)
111:
104:
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91:
89:
48:
24:
16:
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2717:
2709:
2676:Combat juggling
2633:
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2170:
2168:Further reading
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2035:Juggler's World
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1987:
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1955:Object Episodes
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1295:synchronization
1260:
1255:
1213:Michael Moschen
1203:Enrico Rastelli
1164:
1158:
1142:
1140:Health benefits
1093:
1058:
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1008:
999:
971:
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958:
956:Themed juggling
925:
916:
914:Comedy juggling
907:
905:Circus juggling
898:
878:
855:Jennifer Miller
833:
827:
725:Objects juggled
664:
662:
656:
606:
598:Main articles:
582:
526:William Hazlitt
440:civilizations.
394:Brooklyn Museum
378:
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336:lexicographical
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3304:Wheel of Death
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2583:Flagging dance
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2265:External links
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2009:www.juggle.org
1996:
1971:
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1769:
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1749:. p. 41.
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1417:Main article:
1406:
1403:
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1401:
1398:
1395:
1392:
1386:
1380:) three-ball (
1348:, developed a
1346:juggling robot
1342:Claude Shannon
1333:
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1218:Jason Garfield
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1184:Sergej Ignatov
1181:
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1171:
1165:
1160:Main article:
1157:
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1141:
1138:
1136:at that time.
1121:Apogee of Fear
1104:Greg Chamitoff
1092:
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1007:
1004:
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979:Sergej Ignatov
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751:Trick juggling
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694:Juggling four
658:Main article:
655:
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610:motion picture
581:
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377:
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369:Main article:
366:
363:
270:Middle English
250:3 ball cascade
241:
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202:plate spinning
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13:
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3411:Circus skills
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3201:Toss juggling
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3050:Rolling globe
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3035:Human pyramid
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2892:World records
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2270:Organizations
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96:November 2022
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57: –
56:
52:
51:Find sources:
45:
41:
35:
34:
29:This article
27:
23:
18:
17:
3267:Circus clown
3124:manipulation
3116:
3107:Trick riding
3030:Hand to hand
2995:Chinese pole
2810:Pen spinning
2805:Keepie uppie
2788:Hoop rolling
2763:Devil sticks
2671:Competitions
2623:Trick roping
2561:Cup-and-ball
2383:
2335:
2334:
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2189:
2174:
2154:. Retrieved
2152:. 2017-09-05
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2061:. Retrieved
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2013:. Retrieved
2008:
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1988:. Retrieved
1985:stltoday.com
1984:
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1963:. Retrieved
1959:the original
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1934:. Retrieved
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1760:. Retrieved
1741:
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1723:. Retrieved
1713:
1702:. Retrieved
1698:the original
1688:
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1641:Juggling.org
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1243:Thomas Dietz
1228:Luke Burrage
1174:Albert Lucas
1143:
1119:
1101:
1097:Don Williams
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946:wine bottles
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814:Albert Lucas
709:
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589:Albert Alter
580:20th century
530:
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504:storytelling
468:marketplaces
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206:devil sticks
193:
186:fire torches
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93:
83:
76:
69:
62:
50:
38:Please help
33:verification
30:
3345:Flea circus
3299:Target girl
3255:Lion taming
3229:Teeterboard
3194:Firewalking
3189:Fire eating
3080:Spanish web
3070:Slacklining
3060:Russian bar
3010:Corde lisse
3000:Cloud swing
2975:Aerial silk
2970:Aerial hoop
2960:Acrobalance
2748:Chinese top
2578:Fingerboard
2554:Indian club
2532:Bouncy ball
2454:Mills' Mess
1523:Rid, Samuel
1258:Mathematics
1223:Jonglissimo
1179:Alex Barron
876:Performance
859:Circus Amok
810:showmanship
456:Middle Ages
214:cigar boxes
192:. The term
130:The Juggler
3401:Ball games
3390:Categories
3330:Roustabout
3289:Ringmaster
3234:Trampoline
3005:Contortion
2952:contortion
2942:Acrobatics
2832:Rattleback
2773:Fire staff
2537:Hacky sack
2323:r/juggling
2156:2017-11-21
2117:0974184802
2063:18 January
2015:2017-11-21
1990:2017-08-27
1965:2017-11-21
1936:2012-04-16
1915:2012-04-16
1911:. isjf.org
1885:2012-07-15
1827:Table Talk
1747:I.B.Tauris
1725:2012-03-27
1704:2012-03-27
1476:References
1461:(category)
618:television
612:theatres,
574:vaudeville
537:music hall
488:acrobatics
464:witchcraft
438:Polynesian
402:Beni Hasan
290:Late Latin
281:Old French
260:The words
66:newspapers
55:"Juggling"
3294:Strongman
3284:Puppeteer
3085:Tightrope
3075:Slackwire
3025:Hair hang
3020:Cyr wheel
2573:Fan dance
2544:Cigar box
2459:Multiplex
2449:Jollyball
2301:Resources
2150:Thom Wall
1788:The Times
1299:frequency
1251:Thom Wall
1198:Bobby May
1130:Chamitoff
1074:Wiltshire
933:Thom Wall
509:In 1768,
410:Nabataean
386:Karyssa I
313:to juggle
240:Etymology
190:chainsaws
3396:Juggling
3365:Category
3340:Sideshow
3211:Vaulting
3157:Twirling
3132:Bullwhip
3117:Juggling
2872:Jugglers
2768:Fire fan
2728:Astrojax
2720:twirling
2527:Bean bag
2469:Siteswap
2464:Notation
2444:Joggling
2434:Fountain
2396:Patterns
2384:Juggling
2058:Nasa.gov
1858:Archived
1804:Archived
1673:Archived
1596:, p.16.
1558:(1983).
1525:(1612).
1490:juggling
1459:Jugglers
1453:See also
1437:Siteswap
1356:, where
1188:Air Jazz
1150:cerebral
1134:Garriott
1126:Garriott
818:joggling
743:throwing
696:racquets
406:Egyptian
340:juggling
332:juggling
320:juggling
309:juggling
301:joculari
294:joculare
262:juggling
254:Siteswap
234:kick-ups
194:juggling
148:Juggling
3375:Commons
3335:Showman
3313:Related
3147:Diabolo
3090:Trapeze
2947:balance
2860:History
2855:Culture
2783:Hooping
2715:Balance
2566:Kendama
2480:Passing
2424:Columns
2414:Cascade
2311:website
1825:In his
1762:16 July
1575:, p.1.
1397:6×2=4×3
1081:busking
1070:Devizes
1066:torches
1016:Germany
1012:casinos
1006:Casinos
919:fairs.
890:Finland
787:passing
554:Salerno
533:variety
460:gleemen
414:Chinese
324:juggler
305:juggler
285:jangler
273:jogelen
266:juggler
222:hooping
198:diabolo
152:juggler
80:scholar
3122:object
3100:Static
3095:Flying
3045:Risley
3015:Cradle
2965:Adagio
2820:tricks
2800:Meteor
2795:Kemari
2693:JISCON
2636:events
2632:Groups
2598:Jianzi
2490:Shower
2439:Havana
2256:
2241:
2226:
2211:
2196:
2181:
2114:
2041:: 4–6.
1753:
1621:
1600:
1579:
1543:Juggle
1506:Juggle
1492:entry.
1085:bottle
989:, and
975:Russia
969:Circus
964:Venues
886:Kerava
851:circus
562:Rubber
548:. The
515:circus
500:comedy
492:poetry
418:Indian
388:area,
182:knives
82:
75:
68:
61:
53:
3320:Carny
3262:Clown
3243:Other
3172:Plate
3162:Baton
3040:Perch
2949:, and
2887:Terms
2882:Robot
2848:Other
2839:Yo-yo
2649:BACAF
2618:Torch
2603:Knife
2514:Props
2429:Flash
2401:forms
2336:Other
1400:12=12
1267:hands
1114:as a
1091:Space
896:Style
802:sport
731:used.
614:radio
566:twine
546:magic
519:clown
496:music
480:bards
434:Aztec
430:Norse
426:Roman
422:Greek
390:Egypt
355:music
328:magic
298:Latin
292:form
226:yo-yo
178:rings
176:, or
174:clubs
170:balls
165:props
87:JSTOR
73:books
3167:Hoop
3120:and
2718:and
2634:and
2613:Ring
2549:Club
2522:Ball
2495:Toss
2473:list
2419:Claw
2399:and
2386:and
2254:ISBN
2239:ISBN
2224:ISBN
2209:ISBN
2194:ISBN
2179:ISBN
2112:ISBN
2065:2015
2039:37–2
1764:2016
1751:ISBN
1619:ISBN
1598:ISBN
1577:ISBN
1293:and
1132:and
1106:and
623:The
616:and
602:and
558:Kara
556:and
544:and
535:and
502:and
322:and
307:and
264:and
232:and
59:news
2827:Top
2815:Poi
2705:WJF
2688:JIS
2683:IJA
2664:IJC
2659:EJC
2654:BJC
2593:Hat
2409:Box
1866:IJA
1864:",
1810:",
1679:",
1638:",
1545:",
1508:",
1068:in
857:'s
506:).
476:bag
474:or
472:hat
296:of
210:poi
188:or
42:by
3392::
2944:,
2471::
2148:.
2056:.
2037:.
2033:.
2007:.
1983:.
1953:.
1653:^
1644:.
1497:^
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993:.
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494:,
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428:,
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420:,
416:,
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256:3)
236:.
228:,
224:,
220:,
216:,
212:,
208:,
204:,
200:,
184:,
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2919:t
2912:v
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2369:t
2362:v
2313:)
2260:.
2245:.
2230:.
2215:.
2200:.
2185:.
2159:.
2120:.
2081:.
2067:.
2018:.
1993:.
1968:.
1939:.
1918:.
1888:.
1868:.
1853:"
1814:.
1799:"
1766:.
1728:.
1707:.
1683:.
1625:.
1604:.
1583:.
1549:.
1541:"
1512:.
1504:"
1382:N
1378:H
1374:H
1370:N
1366:V
1362:D
1358:F
1281:b
1277:b
1273:n
132:.
125:.
109:)
103:(
98:)
94:(
84:·
77:·
70:·
63:·
36:.
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