445:
Christianity—that
Judaism is somehow completed in Christianity. The concept of a Judeo-Christian tradition flows from the Christian theology of supersession, whereby the Christian covenant (or Testament) with God supersedes the Jewish one. Christianity, according to this belief, reforms and replaces Judaism. The belief, therefore, implies, first, that Judaism needs reformation and replacement, and second, that modern Judaism remains merely as a "relic". Most importantly the belief of the Judeo-Christian tradition insidiously obscures the real and significant differences between Judaism and Christianity.
371:
The Jewish community's attitude towards the concept has been mixed. In the 1930s, "In the face of worldwide anti-semitic efforts to stigmatize and destroy
Judaism, influential Christians and Jews in America labored to uphold it, pushing Judaism from the margins of American religious life towards its
298:
During the late 1940s, evangelical proponents of the new Judeo-Christian approach lobbied
Washington for diplomatic support of the new state of Israel. From the 1990s, continuing through the first two decades of the 21st century, interest in and a positive attitude towards America's Judeo-Christian
444:
Once one recognizes that
Christianity has historically engendered antisemitism, then this so-called tradition appears as dangerous Christian dogma (at least from a Jewish perspective). For Christians, the concept of a Judeo-Christian tradition comfortably suggests that Judaism progresses into
141:
in 1829, in reference to a type of church that would observe some Jewish traditions in order to convert Jews. Mark Silk states in the early 19th century the term was "most widely used (in French as well as
English) to refer to the early followers of Jesus who opposed" the wishes of
479:"From all I can see there is but one way to bring about the object of the Society, that is by erecting a Judæo Christian community, a city of refuge, where all who wish to be baptized could be supplied with the means of earning their bread."
409:, both motivated by an impulse to clarify Judaism's distinctiveness "in a world where the term Judeo-Christian had obscured critical differences between the two faiths." Reacting against the blurring of theological distinctions, Rabbi
259:
created teams consisting of a priest, a rabbi, and a minister, to run programs across the country, and fashion a more pluralistic
America, no longer defined as a Christian land, but "one nurtured by three ennobling traditions:
386:, the ship's multi-faith chaplains gave up their lifebelts to evacuate seamen and stood together "arm in arm in prayer" as the ship sank. A 1948 postage stamp commemorated their heroism with the words: "interfaith in action."
341:; and fear that God will judge the nations at the end of time based on how they treated the Jewish people. Moreover, for many evangelicals Israel is seen as the instrument through which prophecies of the
389:
In the 1950s, "a spiritual and cultural revival washed over
American Jewry" in response to the trauma of the Holocaust. American Jews became more confident in their desire to be identified as different.
1121:
192:
According to historian K. Healan Gaston, the term became a descriptor of the U.S. in the 1930s, when the country sought to forge a unified cultural identity in an attempt to distinguish itself from
318:
observed in 2019, that for the first time, he was encountering the situation of nations with ample governmental support for Israel but disinterest and even overt hostility by the Jewish populace.
71:
first appeared in the 19th century as a word for Jewish converts to
Christianity. The term has received much criticism, largely from Jewish thinkers, as relying on and perpetuating inherently
158:("Jewish-Christian") to describe and emphasize what he believed were neglected aspects of the continuity which exists between the Jewish and Christian worldviews. The expression appears in
1246:
380:
speak before." At funerals for the unknown soldier, rabbis stood alongside the other chaplains and recited prayers in Hebrew. In a much-publicized wartime tragedy, the sinking of the
376:, Jewish chaplains worked with Catholic priests and Protestant ministers in order to promote goodwill, addressing servicemen who, "in many cases had never seen, much less heard a
272:....The phrase 'Judeo-Christian' entered the contemporary lexicon as the standard liberal term for the idea that Western values rest on a religious consensus that included Jews."
804:
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256:
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413:
wrote that "Judaism is
Judaism because it rejects Christianity, and Christianity is Christianity because it rejects Judaism." Theologian and author
48:
961:
329:, and curse those who curse them. In the evangelical interpretation this promise includes the descendants of Abraham. Other factors in the new
348:
The use of the term "Judeo-Christian" in 21st century discourse has been criticized for equating two different faiths and being a vector for
436:
Law professor
Stephen M. Feldman looking at the period before 1950, chiefly in Europe, sees invocation of a "Judeo-Christian tradition" as
189:, the "normative Judaeo-Christian interpretation of history" is to treat human suffering, such as a plague, as punishment for human guilt.
292:
333:
include gratitude to the Jews for contributing to the theological foundations of Christianity and being the source of the prophets and
279:, "there was a revolution in Christian theology in America. The greatest shift in Christian attitudes towards the Jewish people since
914:
894:
954:
620:
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511:
252:
164:, published in 1895 but written several years earlier; a fuller development of Nietzsche's argument can be found in the prior work,
251:
in the 1930s led concerned Protestants, Catholics, and Jews to take steps to increase mutual understanding and lessen the level of
663:
31:
1236:
991:
1241:
928:
880:
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421:, questioned the theological validity of the Judeo-Christian concept and suggested that it was essentially an invention of
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79:, as well as glossing over fundamental differences between Jewish and Christian thought, theology, culture and practice.
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338:
311:
166:
295:. This interest is especially focused on areas of commonality between the teachings of Judaism and their own beliefs.
567:
805:"The term 'Judeo-Christian' has been misused for political ends – a new 'Abrahamic' identity offers an alternative"
1153:
550:
237:
1256:
1251:
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and wanted "to restrict the message of Jesus to Jews and who insisted on maintaining Jewish law and ritual".
829:
Disputation and Dialogue: Readings in the Jewish Christian Encounter, Ed. F. E. Talmage, Ktav, 1975, p. 291.
201:
1011:
921:
In the Beginning: The Story of the King James Bible and How It Changed a Nation, a Language, and a Culture
433:, writes, "The two faiths stand for different people talking about different things to different people."
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121:, and other faiths in addition to Judaism and Christianity) is also sometimes seen as problematic.
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394:
853:
Please Don't Wish Me a Merry Christmas: A Critical History of the Separation of Church and State
321:
The scriptural basis for this new positive attitude towards Jews among evangelicals is found in
185:
in 1939, along with the phrase "the Judaeo-Christian scheme of morals". According to theologian
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Two notable books addressed the relationship between contemporary Judaism and Christianity,
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90:
in an attempt to suggest that the U.S. had a unified American identity which was opposed to
52:
885:
Paula Fredriksen. From Jesus to Christ: The Origins of the New Testament Images of Christ,
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322:
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213:
76:
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Wide as the Waters : The Story of the English Bible and the Revolution It Inspired
330:
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216:. It is sometimes employed in a separate context in political attempts to restrict
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755:
Evangelicals and Israel: The Story of Christian Zionism by Stephen Spector, 2008
342:
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and (to some extent) the political conservative movement in the United States.
221:
217:
17:
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455:
402:
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197:
91:
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648:
212:. In the 1970s, the term became particularly associated with the American
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287:, religiously motivated Christian interest, and support for the state of
205:
87:
842:. New York and London: Trinity Press International and SCM Press. p. 28
326:
269:
193:
102:
1188:
288:
178:
101:" to refer to the common grouping of faiths which are attributed to
569:
Missionary Journal of the Rev. Joseph Wolff, Missionary to the Jews
133:
which is dated October 17, 1821. The term in this case referred to
744:
The Fervent Embrace: Liberal Protestants, Evangelicals, and Israel
377:
118:
106:
60:
950:
325:
12:3, in which God promises that he will bless those who bless
204:
by the 1940s, the term rose to greater prominence during the
181:(rather than a theological or liturgical) sense was used by
641:
After Auschwitz: Radical Theology and Contemporary Judaism
1122:
Center for Jewish–Christian Understanding and Cooperation
585:"Mark Silk on the history of the term 'Judeo-Christian'"
129:
The term "Judæo Christian" first appears in a letter by
704:
702:
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698:
208:, especially when it was used to express opposition to
503:
Abrahamic Religions: On the Uses and Abuses of History
1198:
1139:
1114:
1073:
1042:
1035:
984:
840:
Jews and Christians: The Myth of a Common Tradition
572:. Vol. III. London: James Duncan. p. 314.
431:
Jews and Christians: The Myth of a Common Tradition
664:"The Problem With the 'Judeo-Christian Tradition'"
314:were more supportive of Palestinians than Israel.
731:Christian Attitudes Towards the State of Israel
442:
27:Term grouping Judaism and Christianity together
1247:Christianity and Judaism related controversies
962:
234:Covenant (biblical) § Abrahamic covenant
8:
1127:International Council of Christians and Jews
720:Brog, David. Standing With Israel. 2006.p.13
553:, Second Edition. Accessed online 2008-07-21
153:
506:. Oxford University Press. pp. 71–75.
1039:
969:
955:
947:
615:. David R. Godine Publisher. p. 401.
612:George Orwell: An age like this, 1920-1940
533:The Jewish Expositor, and Friend of Israel
257:National Conference of Christians and Jews
419:The Myth of the Judeo-Christian Tradition
1211:Christian observances of Jewish holidays
767:"The Right's "Judeo-Christian" Fixation"
275:In the aftermath of World War 2 and the
790:"What Do We Mean by 'Judeo-Christian'?"
733:(McGill-Queen's University Press, 2007)
492:
472:
299:tradition has become mainstream among
281:Constantine converted the Roman Empire
86:, the term was widely used during the
49:Christianity's derivation from Judaism
817:
788:Goldman, Shalom (February 15, 2011).
708:
689:
529:"Extract of a Letter From Mr. M'Caul"
7:
291:increased interest in Judaism among
255:. In this effort, precursors of the
765:Udi Greenberg (November 14, 2019).
662:Loeffler, James (August 1, 2020).
25:
803:Toby Greene (December 24, 2020).
253:antisemitism in the United States
137:. The term was similarly used by
47:together, either in reference to
339:Church's history of antisemitism
200:in Europe. Becoming part of the
177:or Judeo-Christian values in an
51:, Christianity's recognition of
32:Judeo-Christian (disambiguation)
527:M'Caul, Alexander (1820–1821).
135:Jewish converts to Christianity
67:by the two religions. The term
903:The Judaeo-Christian Tradition
1:
643:. The Bobbs-Merrill Company.
609:Orwell, George (2017-02-04).
583:Silk, Mark (15 April 2019).
312:National Council of Churches
167:On the Genealogy of Morality
65:values supposed to be shared
940:American Judaism, A History
851:Stephen M. Feldman (1998),
306:In contrast, by the 1970s,
1273:
589:National Catholic Reporter
359:
231:
29:
1154:Hebrew Christian movement
551:Oxford English Dictionary
238:Jerusalem in Christianity
978:Christianity and Judaism
942:. Yale University Press.
500:Aaron W. Hughes (2012).
407:Judaism and Christianity
45:Christianity and Judaism
792:. Religious Dispatches.
202:American civil religion
1237:Judeo-Christian topics
1012:Dual-covenant theology
923:. Anchor Books, 2002.
838:Jacob Neusner (1990),
729:Paul Charles Merkley,
637:Rubenstein, Richard L.
549:Judæo-, Judeo- in the
447:
310:denominations and the
175:Judeo-Christian ethics
154:
1242:Christian terminology
1017:New Covenant theology
907:Yale University Press
887:Yale University Press
399:Where Judaism Differs
372:very center." During
293:American evangelicals
232:Further information:
228:Inter-group relations
187:Richard L. Rubenstein
152:used the German term
97:The use of the term "
1176:Sacred Name Movement
873:Simon & Schuster
243:In the United States
30:For other uses, see
1206:Abrahamic religions
807:. The Conversation.
308:mainline Protestant
150:Friedrich Nietzsche
99:Abrahamic religions
1115:Religious dialogue
919:McGrath, Alister.
905:(Second Edition).
769:. The New Republic
395:Abba Hillel Silver
337:; remorse for the
55:to constitute the
1224:
1223:
1164:Messianic Judaism
1135:
1134:
1101:Jesus and Judaism
1055:Eastern Orthodoxy
1022:Nontrinitarianism
1007:Dispensationalism
1002:Covenant theology
997:Christian Zionism
867:Bobrick, Benson.
742:Caitlyn Carenen,
461:Messianic Judaism
423:American politics
411:Eliezer Berkovits
285:Christian Zionism
210:communist atheism
155:"Judenchristlich"
59:of the Christian
43:is used to group
16:(Redirected from
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1106:Paul and Judaism
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367:Jewish responses
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144:Paul the Apostle
131:Alexander McCaul
53:Jewish scripture
21:
18:Judaeo-Christian
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1257:Western culture
1252:Supersessionism
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1216:Judeo-Christian
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1096:Anglo-Israelism
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1027:Supersessionism
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936:Sarna, Jonathan
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862:Further reading
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415:Arthur A. Cohen
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345:are fulfilled.
316:Natan Sharansky
283:." The rise of
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214:Christian right
173:The concept of
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77:supersessionism
69:Judæo Christian
40:Judeo-Christian
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820:, p. 281.
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331:philo-Semitism
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161:The Antichrist
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564:Wolff, Joseph
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57:Old Testament
54:
50:
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42:
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33:
19:
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1159:Hebrew Roots
1091:Anti-Judaism
1081:Antisemitism
939:
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813:
798:
783:
771:. Retrieved
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673:. Retrieved
669:The Atlantic
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592:. Retrieved
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374:World War II
370:
350:Islamophobia
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305:
301:evangelicals
297:
274:
249:antisemitism
247:The rise of
246:
191:
172:
165:
159:
148:
139:Joseph Wolff
128:
115:Samaritanism
111:Baháʼà Faith
96:
81:
68:
39:
38:
36:
1074:By conflict
266:Catholicism
222:LGBT rights
218:immigration
75:notions of
73:antisemitic
1231:Categories
1141:Syncretism
992:Abrogation
985:Theologies
929:0385722168
881:0684847477
818:Sarna 2004
709:Sarna 2004
690:Sarna 2004
487:References
383:Dorchester
1149:Judaizers
1065:Mormonism
1050:Catholics
1043:By branch
1036:Relations
675:August 5,
456:Mandaeans
403:Leo Baeck
356:In Europe
343:end times
277:Holocaust
198:communism
92:communism
37:The term
1199:See also
1185:Converso
938:(2004).
909:, 1995;
773:July 10,
639:(1966).
594:18 March
566:(1829).
450:See also
425:, while
206:Cold War
88:Cold War
649:2118249
327:Abraham
323:Genesis
270:Judaism
194:fascism
179:ethical
125:History
119:Druzism
103:Abraham
82:In the
1189:Anusim
927:
913:
893:
879:
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