828:, Rabbi Yosef claims that the Arab–Israeli conflict endangers human lives, thereby meeting the above criteria and overruling the priority of commandments pertaining to settling the land of Israel. Therefore, Israel is permitted—even obligated if saving lives is a definitive outcome—to make serious efforts to reach a peace settlement as well as to make arrangements to properly protect its citizens. Rabbi Yosef first applied the
669:
teaching, the very fact of taking someone's life, even when justly doing so, it effects, nevertheless the person, as the Talmud regards even a justly court that did order (in ancient times) the death penalty justifiably, that particular court at that time was labeled "killer court" in shame. and even
766:
Jewish law prohibits the use of outright vandalism in warfare. It forbids destruction of fruit trees as a tactic of war. It is also forbidden to break vessels, tear clothing, wreck that which is built up, stop fountains, or waste food in a destructive manner. Killing an animal needlessly or offering
479:
The wolf will live with the lamb, the leopard will lie down with the goat, the calf and the lion and the yearling together; and a little child will lead them. The cow will feed with the bear, their young will lie down together, and the lion will eat straw like the ox. The infant will play near the
549:
When the time for war arrived, Jewish soldiers are expected to abide by specific laws and values when fighting. Jewish war ethics attempts to balance the value of maintaining human life with the necessity of fighting a war. Judaism is somewhat unusual in that it demands adherence to Jewish values
490:
The Jews are the mildest of men, passionately hostile to violence. That obstinate sweetness which they conserve in the midst of the most atrocious persecution, that sense of justice and of reason which they put up as their sole defense against a hostile, brutal, and unjust society, is perhaps the
67:
which is derived from one of the names of God. Hebrew root word for "complete" or "whole" implying that according to
Judaism and the teachings of the Torah, only when there is a true state of "wholeness" meaning that everything is "complete" does true "peace" reign. This the same for the directly
154:
and its related literature write extensively concerning peace, as well as its opposite states. The word "shalom" meaning "peace" has been absorbed into the usage of the language from its
Biblical roots and from there to many of the world's languages, religions and cultures as prized idioms and
537:
of the middle third century. While absolute nonviolence is not a requirement of
Judaism, the religion so sharply restricts the use of violence, that nonviolence often becomes the only way to fulfilling a life of truth, justice and peace, which Judaism considers to be the three tools for the
521:, "Judaism, from the days of the prophets, has proclaimed to mankind the ideal of universal peace, striving for spiritual and physical disarmament of all nations. Judaism rejects violence and relies upon moral education, love and sympathy."
480:
hole of the cobra, and the young child put his hand into the viper's nest. They will neither harm nor destroy on all my holy mountain, for the earth will be full of the knowledge of the Lord as the waters cover the sea. (Isaiah 11:6-9)
41:. The precepts of peacefulness and compassion are paramount in Judaism, Judaism also contains a number of doctrines which eschew violence. However, while Judaism condemns normative violence, it is not categorically pacifist.
785:
According to
Maimonides, on besieging a city in order to seize it, it must not be surrounded on all four sides but only on three sides, thus leaving a path of escape for whoever wishes to flee to save their life.
449:
According to Jewish tradition, the
Messianic Era will be one of global peace and harmony, an era free of strife and hardship, and one conducive to the furtherance of the knowledge of the Creator. The theme of the
735:, wrote that military restraint was an absolute demand of Torah law, for "Thou shalt not murder" applied irrespective of whether the victim was Arab or Jew, and was the basis of Jewish ethics.
579:
Jews have always hated war and "Shalom" expresses the hope for peace, in
Judaism war is evil, but at times a necessary one, yet, Judaism teaches that one has to go to great length to avoid it.
757:"Human life is undoubtedly a supreme value in Judaism, as expressed both in the Halacha and the prophetic ethic. This refers not only to Jews, but to all men created in the image of God."
541:
Jewish law (past and present) does not permit any use of violence unless it is in self-defense. Any person that even raises his hand in order to hit another person is called "evil."
397:
367:
1120:
894:
662:: "Great is peace, as the whole Torah was given in order to promote peace in the world, as it is stated, 'Her ways are pleasant ways and all her paths are peace.'"
503:
Judaism's religious texts overwhelmingly endorse compassion and peace, and the Hebrew Bible contains the well-known commandment to "love thy neighbor as thyself".
572:
The ancient orders (like those) of wars for Israel to eradicate idol worshiping does not apply today. Jews are not taught to glorify violence. The rabbis of the
510:. While Jewish tradition permits waging war and killing in certain cases, however, the requirement is that one always seek a just peace before waging war.
1225:
Ginzey
Schechter, Vol. I, p. 114, as cited by Rabbi Professor David Golinkin, "The Jewish Attitude Towards Non-Violent Protest and Civil Disobedience"
654:"Her ways are pleasant ways and all her paths are shalom ('peace')." " The Talmud explains, "The entire Torah is for the sake of the ways of shalom".
715:(1800–1865) stated categorically that the only permissible war was defensive. Later, a similar position prohibiting offensive war was taken by Rabbi
674:, regarded by Jewish tradition as the most pious righteous person, (and his wars were within God's permission or/and orders) was denied building the
1396:
1234:
Maimonides, Hovel Umazik 5:1, as cited by Rabbi
Professor David Golinkin, "The Jewish Attitude Towards Non-Violent Protest and Civil Disobedience"
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Fighting the War and the Peace: Battlefield Ethics, Peace Talks, Treaties, and
Pacifism in the Jewish Tradition. Michael J. Broyde, 1998, p. 1
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A New
Concordance of the Bible: Thesaurus of the Language of the Bible: Hebrew and Aramaic Roots, Words, Proper Names Phrases and Synonyms
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saw war as an avoidable evil. They taught: "The sword comes to the world because of delay of justice and through perversion of justice."
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1170:
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as both paratrooper and chief chaplain, was instrumental in the formulation of the IDF official doctrine of ethics, and the concept of
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902:
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sages further asked, who is a hero of heroes? They answered, not one who defeats his enemy but one who turns an enemy into a friend.
1318:
832:
principle to Israel's conflicts with its neighbors in 1979, when he ruled that this argument granted Israel authority to return the
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and their spears into pruning hooks; nation will not lift sword against nation and they will no longer study warfare. (Isaiah 2:4)
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824:) are put on hold if a life is put in danger. Using an argument first articulated by the late American rabbinical leader
808:
1581:
1145:
790:, writing a century later, strengthened the rule and added a reason: "We are to learn to deal kindly with our enemy."
708:
of Prague, Jewish law forbids the killing of innocent people, even in the course of a legitimate military engagement.
1110:
Bearing witness: violence and collective responsibility, Sandra L. Bloom, Michael Reichert, Routledge, 1998: page 242
1256:
Judaism and the ethics of war, Norman Solomon. International Review of the Red Cross. Volume 87 Number 858 June 2005
618:, an offer of peace is to be made to any city which is besieged, conditional on the acceptance of terms of tribute.
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860:
802:, an influential Sephardic rabbi and distinguished rabbinical authority, advocates for peace negotiations in the
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Those few cases in the Bible in which this norm was violated are special cases. One example was when King
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ushering in an era of global peace is encapsulated in two of the most famous scriptural passages from the
728:
380:
citizens, since its inception and has been involved in a peace process with its Arab neighbors, such as:
1553:
746:
712:
138:
words, and many of those words are used as names. The root itself translates as "whole, safe, intact".
1506:
Yuchtman-Yaar, Ephraim; Hermann, Tamar (2000). "Shas: The Haredi-Dovish Image in a Changing Reality".
1338:
1417:
Steinberg, G. M. (Winter 2001). "Interpretations of Jewish Tradition on Democracy, Land, and Peace".
855:
471:
21:
167:
lists over almost 300 words connected with the root "SH-L-M" for "peace" and the same for "Solomon"
931:
Firestone, Reuven (2020). "Judaism on Violence and Reconciliation: An Examination of Key Sources".
850:
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are replete with constant references for a longing for peace on Earth and its attendant blessings.
34:
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comments, "Rabbi Yitzhak said: from this you learn that whoever hits his fellow, is called a
1515:
1487:
Yossef, Rav Ovadia (1990). "Ceding Territory of the Land of Israel in Order to Save Lives".
1468:
Yossef, Rav Ovadia (1989). "Ceding Territory of the Land of Israel in Order to Save Lives".
1426:
936:
534:
496:
123:
678:, the Talmud explains that when King David asked "Why can I not build the Bais Hamikdash?"
550:
even while fighting a war. The Torah provides the following rules for how to fight a war:
92:
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term referring to a future time of universal peace and brotherhood on the earth, without
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In fact, the love of peace and the pursuit of peace is one of the key principles in
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best part of the message they bring to us and the true mark of their greatness.
229:
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Medieval Jewish commentators including the Spanish theologian and commentator
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782:, which Jewish scholars regards as a violation of the Biblical commandment.
775:
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The Talmud also teaches: "Be of the persecuted rather than the persecutor".
266:
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162:
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ruled that whoever strikes his fellow transgresses a negative commandment.
1430:
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War and its discontents: pacifism and quietism in the Abrahamic traditions
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since the late 1980s. His main justification is the halakhic principle of
634:
taught: "The world rests on three things: justice, truth, and peace." The
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682:'s answer was: "Your hands have spilled blood (in all your many wars)."
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The Columbus Platform: The Guiding Principles of Reform Judaism, 1937
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have come to believe and await such an age; some refer to it as the "
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to the distant and the close" - שָלוֹם שָלוֹם לָרָחוֹק וְלַקָּרוֹב
147:
69:
54:
38:
377:
236:
to those who love Your Torah" - שָלוֹם רָב, לְאֹהֲבֵי תוֹרָתֶךָ
431:
83:
977:
Dynamic Judaism: The Essential Writings of Mordecai M. Kaplan
646:
Shalom ("peace"), is one of the underlying principles of the
182:) ends with: "May God lift up his face onto you and give you
701:(1437–1508), emphasized the commitment of Judaism to peace.
545:
Guidelines from the Torah to the 'Jewish Way to Fight a War'
1121:"Halacha File: The Halacha of Rodef and the Rabin Shooting"
895:"Halacha File: The Halacha of Rodef and the Rabin Shooting"
305:. Other midrashim say that Jerusalem means "City of Peace",
1029:"The Co-existence of Violence and Non-Violence in Judaism"
333:
in Hebrew) means " 'peaceful' or 'complete' or 'whole' ."
1051:(Kiryat Sepher Publishing House, Jerusalem. 1986 edition)
281:" i.e. "Jeru-" denoting "fear " as a combined word. This
29:
has teachings and guidance for its adherents through the
1081:
Jean-Paul Sartre, 1946, Reflexions sur la question juive
186:" – יִשָּׂא יְהוָה פָּנָיו אֵלֶיךָ, וְיָשֵׂם לְךָ שָלוֹם
1397:"Bal Tashhit: The Torah Prohibits Wasteful Destruction"
277:" i.e. "-salem" denoting the concept of "peace", with "
998:
996:
1301:
Maimonides, Mishneh Torah, The Laws of Chanukah 4:14
418:Judaism is the source-religion for the notion of a
812:, in which all the Jewish commandments (excluding
599:("evil one"), why do you hit your fellow!?". The
557:Preserve the Ecological Needs of the Environment.
398:Peace process in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
368:Peace process in the Israeli–Palestinian conflict
1007:. KTAV Publishing House, Inc. pp. 137–318.
970:
968:
767:poisoned water to livestock are also forbidden.
1173:. Judaism.about.com. 2009-12-17. Archived from
488:
477:
468:
8:
226:and pursue it" - בַּקֵּשׁ שָלוֹם וְרָדְפֵהוּ
1313:by Iser Guinzburg, Editorial MAXTOR, 2009,
1062:"Bar-Ilan University Parshat Hashavua Page"
1005:Morality, Halakha, and the Jewish Tradition
926:
924:
206:" - הִנְנִי נֹתֵן לוֹ אֶת-בְּרִיתִי, שָלוֹם
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1123:. Koltorah.org. 2004-11-20. Archived from
883:. Georgetown University Press. p. 18.
301:) given to Moriah by Abraham and the name
285:explanation of the name relates it to the
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1363:
1361:
979:. Fordham University Press. p. 181.
196:upon the land" וְנָתַתִּי שָלוֹם בָּאָרֶץ
1489:Crossroads: Halacha and the Modern World
914:
912:
731:(1883–1946), who was the Chief Rabbi of
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533:has roots in Judaism, going back to the
273:in Hebrew is made up of two words with "
871:
798:Despite controversial public comments,
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1389:
1387:
975:Kaplan, Mordecai Menahem, ed. (1991).
250:upon Israel" - שָׁלוֹם, עַל-יִשְׂרָאֵל
37:relating to the notion and concept of
762:Violent tactics forbidden by Halakhah
704:According to sixteenth century Rabbi
591:saw a Jew striking another in Egypt (
376:state of Israel with its majority of
325:The name of the famous Biblical king
7:
348:List of Jewish prayers and blessings
343:List of Jewish prayers and blessings
202:: "Behold I give him my covenant of
104:
560:Maintain Sensitivity to Human Life.
114:
91:
14:
1197:by Arye Forta, Heinemann, 1995,
554:Pursue Peace Before Waging War.
1:
774:stopped all the fountains in
1171:"The Jewish Way to Wage War"
804:Israeli–Palestinian conflict
719:(the Hazon Ish, 1878–1953).
165:of the Language of the Bible
1419:Journal of Church and State
538:preservation of the world.
1603:
1587:Peace and conflict studies
1371:"The Ethics of Jewish War"
1343:February 25, 2005, at the
861:Religion and peacebuilding
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392:Israel–Jordan peace treaty
364:Israel–Jordan peace treaty
357:
340:
318:
258:
48:
15:
1148:. Ask.com. Archived from
941:10.1515/9780823237395-006
879:Burns, J. Patout (1996).
386:Egypt–Israel peace treaty
360:Egypt–Israel peace treaty
745:, who had served in the
525:Judaism opposes violence
265:The name of the city of
1520:10.2979/ISR.2000.5.2.32
1003:Spero, Shubert (1983).
354:Modern Israel and peace
155:well-worn expressions.
1274:Avot de Rabbi Natan 23
1047:Abraham Even-Shoshan,
759:
595:): "...he said to the
513:According to the 1937
501:
482:
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472:swords into plowshares
470:They shall beat their
127:
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747:Israel Defense Forces
713:Samuel David Luzzatto
568:Avoidance of violence
485:Rejection of violence
192:: "And I shall place
1399:. My Jewish Learning
1373:. My Jewish Learning
856:Judaism and violence
697:(c. 1420–1494), and
68:related Arabic word
22:Judaism and violence
1431:10.1093/jcs/43.1.93
851:Judaism and warfare
826:Joseph Soloveitchik
778:in the war against
729:Moshe Avigdor Amiel
170:Notable examples:
35:rabbinic literature
18:Judaism and warfare
1582:Religion and peace
1292:Talmud, Gittin 59b
935:. pp. 74–87.
846:Jewish eschatology
717:Yeshayahu Karelitz
711:The Italian rabbi
632:Shimon ben Gamliel
563:The Goal is Peace.
529:The philosophy of
293:("The Lord sees",
63:word for peace is
1577:Judaism and peace
1547:Project MUSE
1327:978-84-9761-579-2
1203:978-0-435-30321-1
1014:978-0-87068-727-3
986:978-0-8232-1310-8
950:978-0-8232-3739-5
515:Columbus Platform
458:from the verses:
414:Jewish Messianism
176:Priestly Blessing
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676:Jewish Temple
673:
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663:
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657:
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652:Proverbs 3:17
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642:In the Talmud
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621:
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612:
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464:Isaiah 11:6–9
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420:Messianic Age
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291:Adonai-yir'eh
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800:Ovadia Yosef
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743:Shlomo Goren
737:
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271:Yerushalayim
270:
264:
247:
244:Psalms 128:6
240:Psalms 125:5
233:
223:
220:Psalms 34:15
214:Peace, peace
213:
210:Isaiah 57:19
203:
193:
183:
169:
156:
145:
142:Hebrew Bible
119:
96:
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31:Hebrew Bible
26:
25:
1216:Exodus 2:13
1064:. Biu.ac.il
788:Nachmanides
780:Sennacherib
740:Chief Rabbi
695:Isaac Arama
616:Deuteronomy
593:Exodus 2:13
531:nonviolence
424:theological
372:The modern
159:Concordance
1571:Categories
1403:2014-02-18
1377:2014-02-18
1181:2014-02-18
1156:2014-02-18
1131:2014-02-18
1091:Deut 20:10
1068:2014-02-18
1034:2021-04-26
867:References
836:to Egypt.
706:Judah Loew
656:Maimonides
609:Maimonides
508:Jewish law
460:Isaiah 2:4
16:See also:
1558:195258747
1544:A67583299
1536:144346265
1455:A73064918
1311:El Talmud
1205:, p. 122
959:241979399
776:Jerusalem
440:religions
283:Midrashic
275:-shalayim
267:Jerusalem
261:Jerusalem
255:Jerusalem
232:: "Great
163:Thesaurus
130:) is the
1554:ProQuest
1528:30245551
1439:23920015
1341:Archived
1146:"Rasha?"
840:See also
818:idolatry
814:adultery
772:Hezekiah
738:Israeli
733:Tel Aviv
667:Talmudic
630:, Rabbi
494:—
222:: "Seek
1470:Tehumim
1447:3060265
1329:, p. 54
1195:Judaism
626:In the
601:midrash
438:. Many
436:poverty
327:Solomon
321:Solomon
315:Solomon
295:Vulgate
136:Semitic
124:Maltese
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378:Jewish
374:Jewish
366:, and
331:Shlomo
308:Shalom
297:Latin
287:yir'eh
157:A New
152:Tanakh
111:Hebrew
88:Arabic
80:Lamedh
70:Salaam
65:shalom
61:Hebrew
51:Shalom
45:Shalom
1551:14455
1532:S2CID
1524:JSTOR
1435:JSTOR
955:S2CID
672:David
670:King
648:Torah
605:rasha
597:rasha
589:Moses
587:When
428:crime
303:Salem
279:Yeru-
248:Peace
234:peace
224:peace
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184:peace
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128:S-L-M
120:Š-L-M
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93:س ل م
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1540:Gale
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