Judicial system of Finland

1262:) be taken before an administrative court may actually hear the case. The rectification request is lodged with the public authority (or private actor using public power) that made the original decision. By means of the request, the authority may double-check its decision (to rule out potential unintentionally incorrect application of law, spelling errors etc.) and possibly modify it, in order that an undisputedly unlawfully made decision need not be settled at court. The rectification process is regulated by the Administrative Procedure Act (434/2003). If the decision is not modified through rectification, an actual appeal may (in most cases) be lodged with the administrative court. That appeals process is regulated by the Administrative Judicial Procedure Act (586/1996). On appeal, the administrative court reviews the legality of the decision of the authority. The appeal may usually be made by an involved person, or by another authority charged with the supervision of public interest in the matters of its jurisdiction. Depending on the type of the case and the laws involved, the review by the administrative court may cover only the formal legality of the authority's procedure, but it may extend to the actual appropriateness of the decision. If the authority in question is overturned, the administrative court issues a decision in the case or submits it back to the authority for further consideration of facts. If the appellant or the authority is discontent with the decision of the administrative court, it is possible to appeal to the Supreme Administrative Court. The proceedings are chiefly written, but if the case requires, the administrative courts may conduct surveys, hold oral proceedings, hear witnesses, experts or involved parties, or receive opinions from other authorities. 1501:) is a special court that hears market law, competition and public procurement cases. It issues injunctions against illegal restrictions of competition and order monetary penalties. It has duties also in the supervision of mergers and acquisitions. In addition, the Market Court may overturn public procurement decisions, adjust the procurement process and order compensatory payments. As a peculiarity, the Market Court follows civil procedure in market law cases and administrative procedure in public procurement cases and in most competition cases. Similarly, in cases where civil procedure is followed, the appeals from the decisions of the Market Court are made to the Supreme Court, while the cases with administrative procedure are appealed to the Supreme Administrative Court. 875: 1331:

competition, trades, access to documents, population administration, and driver's licences and other cases related to vehicles, as well as cases concerning traffic, financial management, pharmacies, agriculture and forestry, labour administration and state officials. The third chamber handles cases concerning social welfare, child welfare and public care of children, nationality, aliens, patents and registers, local government, local authority officials, Church law, handicap services, mental health, health care, health inspections, school education, public order and public entertainment, and firearms.

1285:) can be appealed against by any member of the municipality, regardless whether the decision involves them. However, while the usual administrative court proceeding examines both the reasonableness and the legality of the decision, the municipal decision can only be overturned on the grounds of legality. In addition, a municipal decision may not be amended by the administrative courts, only overturned. However, in some areas of administration, the municipal government acts as an administrative authority, and its decisions can be appealed against in the normal manner. 751:

recidivists after their sentences had expired. In 1971 the law was amended so that property offenses could no longer be considered grounds for indeterminate incarceration, and conditions under which violent offenders could be so confined were more narrowly defined. As a result, the number of offenders held in internment of any kind fell dramatically, from nearly 400 in the 1960s to fewer than 10 in 1984. Although indefinite detention remained legal, this provision was not enforced after the mid-1970s.

1091:), located in Helsinki, consists of a president and 18 other justices, usually working in five-judge panels. The most important function of the Supreme Court is to rule on important points of law in cases which are significant for the entire legal order, guiding the administration of justice in future cases. Decisions of courts of appeal, as well as certain decisions of the Insurance Court may be appealed against to the Supreme Court, provided that it grants leave to appeal. 1514:

organizations. Two Vice Chief Justices are part-time members, with a legal training and without labour market connections. Four of the lay Justices are nominated by employer organizations, while four lay Justices are nominated by labour unions. The remaining four lay Justices are nominated similarly: Two by the labour market administrations of the State and the municipalities and two by the labour unions of civil servants. All lay Justices serve on part-time basis.

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divisions, with each division headed by a Senior Justice. More important cases are tried before a plenary session of judges if the Chief Justice decides. In cases involving senior government officials, a court of appeals may serve as the court of first instance. The judges of the Courts of Appeal are appointed by the President, on the basis of a draft decision presented by the government.

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between premeditated crime and spontaneous actions. Among the acts decriminalized were creating a public disturbance because of drunkenness as well as certain offenses against property, such as petty theft. Homosexual acts between consenting adults also ceased to be regarded as a criminal offense. Stiff penalties for offenses against persons, threats of violence against persons, and

1038:. Most of the cases dealt with by the Courts of Appeal are appeals against decisions of the district courts. In addition, Courts of Appeal decide, as the first instance, matters of treason and high treason, as well as certain offences in public office. The Helsinki Court of Appeal has special responsibilities, such as granting parole to felons serving a life sentence. 727:

seriousness of the offense and the potential threat posed to society by the offender. In practical terms, punishments are standardized, and they are imposed consistently for all categories of crimes, in the interest of ensuring equality in the application of the law. For this reason, the penal code restricts the discretionary power of the courts in imposing sentences.

1559:, more literally 'Court of the Realm') may be convened for cases dealing with criminal charges (for an offence in office) against the President of the Republic, a justice of the Supreme Court, a member of the Government (a minister), the Chancellor of Justice or the Ombudsman of Parliament. The court has convened only four times since its formation in 1922. 1598:

court only if it is supported by the District Judge or is milder than his/hers. The District Court where the military unit of the accused is permanently or temporarily located has the jurisdiction. In case of military crimes committed by servicemen in international crisis management duties, the District Court of Helsinki has the jurisdiction.

707:. Both officials receive complaints from citizens about the conduct of civil servants, and on their own may investigate all public officials and may order prosecutors to proceed against them. The Chancellor of Justice also supervises advocates. Both officials may call any Finnish authorities to render such assistance as they deem fit. 1176: 600: 1733:

enforces miscellaneous decisions such as immigration judgements, i.e. there are no separate agencies for immigration, drug, alcohol or firearms enforcement, all of which fall under the jurisdiction of the police. Law enforcement agencies can also issue summary fines such as speeding tickets, but they

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are always considered civilian crimes. If a military and a civilian crime are committed in direct conjunction, both crimes fall into the civilian jurisdiction and are investigated by the police and the normal civilian courts. However, a minor civilian crime may fall into the military jurisdiction, if

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The Insurance Court has been recently criticized for favoring the insurance companies in cases relating to disability pensions arising from accident insurance contracts. The insurance companies reject 90% of the applications, and the court also has a 90% rejection rate. One of the judges of the court

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All judges in administrative courts are professionals, appointed in the same manner as judges who sit in general courts. Judges work in three-judge panels in the regional administrative courts and in five-judge panels in the Supreme Administrative Court. In certain types of matters, part-time experts

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has a separate administrative court. The judicial oversight of administrative acts is the task of the administrative courts. A person or a corporation that believes a decision of a state or local authority relating to them is illegal is entitled to appeal against the decision. The administrative acts

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The Supreme Court gives advice to the President of the Republic in cases concerning the exercise of his or her right to grant a pardon, and to the Ministry of Justice in cases concerning extradition. It may provide legal opinions on government bills at different stages of the legislative process, and

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The head of a Court of Appeal is the Chief Justice. The other judges of the court are called Senior Justices or Justices. Cases are presented for decision by legally trained referendaries, who are called Senior Assistant Justices or Assistant Justices. Most cases are heard by professional three-judge

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Finland has been less willing than other Scandinavian countries to replace punishment with other measures, such as treatment-oriented institutions for repeat offenders. Under legislation enacted in 1931, offenders "dangerous to private or public safety" could be confined in a separate institution for

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The military criminal cases are investigated by the Defence Forces, by the Border Guard or by the civilian police and the case is brought to court by the civilian district prosecutor. The proceedings take place according to the normal procedure, but the majority option will become the verdict of the

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The High Court of Impeachment follows criminal procedure and may use all means available to a District Court. The verdict of the Court is final. The President of Finland may not pardon persons convicted by the High Court of Impeachment. Only the Court itself can reverse or vacate one of its previous

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does not exist in Finland as such. In civil cases, there are no non-professional judges involved in the process. In criminal cases, the common sense and popular sense of justice are represented by the three (or four, in complicated matters) lay judges. However, they participate both in the trying of

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Imprisonment is not regarded as benefiting the offender, nor is the length of time in an institution to be set on the basis of need for treatment; it is accepted that punishment is detrimental and should be used sparingly. Thus, the tendency has been to rely on light punishment, especially on fines,

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The appeals are considered by the Helsinki Court of Appeals with two military members who must have at least major's rank and who are appointed by the Supreme Court. The cases against officers with at least major's rank are always handled by the court of appeals acting as a court first instance. If

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or an injured party may appeal in criminal cases, in addition to the defence. The Court of Appeals usually completely retries the case, hearing the same evidence as presented in the District Court. The process is mainly verbal. However, the process economy rules require that the parties may present

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The Labour Court has jurisdiction in disputes on collective agreements and collective civil service agreements. Disputes on individual employment relationships are heard by the general courts and disputes on individual civil service relationships by the administrative courts. Only labour unions or

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In addition to ensuring that sentences are equal and proportional, the penal code advises that sentences imposed should not cause the "unregulated accumulation of sanctions," that is, when assessing punishment, courts should avoid several sanctions being imposed – such as dismissal from office, or

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or a rank-and-file servicemember. The judgments of the Court Martial could be appealed to Courts of Appeal. Civilian personnel of the Defence Forces and the Border Guard would also be subject to the military criminal legislation and to the jurisdiction of courts handling military crimes. In areas

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and the other belongs to some other personnel group of the military. Both are appointed on a permanent basis by the court of appeals. Unlike in civilian cases, the court may decide to impose a disciplinary measure if the punishment would normally be a fine. The measures available are two types of

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The tendency since the early 1970s has been to decriminalize a number of actions formerly indictable under the penal code. The modifications in the code reflected changing priorities in assessing the seriousness of criminal conduct, changing norms of social behavior, and an attempt to distinguish

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Nowadays, the Finnish courts are divided into two main branches: general courts dealing with civil suits and criminal cases, and administrative courts regulating the actions of the administration and litigations between individuals and the administration. This division dates to the administrative

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The non-service-related crimes of servicemembers do not fall into the jurisdiction of the courts with military members. All crimes where the victim is a civilian are considered non-service-related. Only certain classes of crimes may be considered service-related, even if the victim is a military

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The Labour Court has 16 members elected by the President of Finland for three-year terms, four with a legal training, twelve with a labour market background. The Chief Justice and one Justice of the Labour court are full-time members with a legal training and without connections to labour market

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Any lawyer applying for membership in the Finnish Bar Association must have completed a Master of Laws degree, entitling them to hold judicial office, and must be known to be a person of integrity. They also must have several years experience in the legal profession and other judicial duties. An

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The legal costs in the administrative court system are borne by the parties. However, the prevailing party may be awarded the legal costs partly or in full, if it is deemed reasonable in the light of the decision. If the private party prevails, the most important point considered is whether the

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sit nowadays only in criminal cases, previously also in certain civil matters. The composition with lay judges consists of the ordinary district judge at the District Court, acting as the chairperson, and two (or three) lay judges. The municipal councils appoint the lay judges for terms of four

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The prosecutors in Finland are organised in two tiers. The prosecution service consists of the Office of the Prosecutor General in Helsinki and the local prosecution units in all 90 state local districts in Finland. The Office operates as the central administrative authority for the prosecution

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In addition to the judicial proceedings, the military may use disciplinary means in minor infractions. A serviceperson has a right to appeal to the District Court against the disciplinary action. The disciplinary actions available depend on the person using discipline. The lowest servicemember

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became the newly independent country's two highest courts. The Senate Department of Justice became the Supreme Court, and part of the Senate Finance Department was the basis of the Supreme Administrative Court. The two court systems are entirely separate, and they have no jurisdiction over one

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The first chamber focuses on cases concerning building and planning, environmental permits, real property, waste management, water rights, roads, nature conservation, extraction of land resources and general administrative law. The second chamber handles cases concerning taxation and customs,

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is the supreme prosecutor and the head of the prosecution service. The current Prosecutor General is Ms. Raija Toiviainen. The Prosecutor General appoints local prosecutors, and directs and develops prosecutorial activity by issuing general instructions and guidelines to the prosecutors. The

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Finnish thinking on criminal policy, as it was evolved by the 1980s, regards the punishment of offenders essentially as society's reproach to the criminal. In the abstract, the type and the length of punishment prescribed by law are considered indicative of the norms of society regarding the

1568:: the Chief Justices of the two supreme courts and the three most senior Chief Justices of the Courts of Appeal. Five of the members are elected by the Parliament at the beginning of each parliamentary term. The term of the parliamentary members is the same as the term of the Parliament. 1588:

are handled by the civilian courts with some modifications to the usual procedure. The usual forum for the proceedings is the local district court, with a civilian District Judge as a chairperson and two military persons as other members. One of the military members is a

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The chambers do not exclusively handle cases concerning the aforementioned subject-matters but may examine any types of cases falling within the court's jurisdiction. About 50 percent of the cases heard in the Supreme Administrative Court involve questions about taxes.

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years. Each lay judge participates in a hearing approximately once a month. The District Court pays a hearing fee to the lay judges and reimburses them for loss of income. Lay judges are appointed by municipal councils, and are not a part of the legal profession.

1642:. The Chief Judge of a Court Martial would be a legally trained person elected by the Supreme Court, while the two other Judges would be servicemembers elected by a Court of Appels. One of the Judges would be a commissioned officer, while the other would be a 1510:

employer organizations may bring suits to the Labour Court. Similarly, only employers or labour unions may be called to answer in the Labour Court. If individual employees are called to answer, their labour union is to answer to charges on their behalf.

959:). The cases are handled and resolved either in a session, or in chambers. In simple cases decisions can be made by notaries at the court or by trained office staff. The decision of a district court can normally be appealed in a Court of Appeal ( 1610:, while the full range of disciplinary punishments is only available to brigade commanders. The disciplinary means available are the same as for the court with the exception of confinement to quarters, which may be sentenced only by a court. 1095:

the president may consult it on bills passed by Parliament before ratifying them. The Supreme Court may also approach the president on its own initiative, and propose enactment of a new Parliament act or an amendment to an existing act.

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it is committed in direct conjunction with a clearly more aggravated military crime. For instance, stealing a military vehicle (a military crime) and driving it under influence (a civilian crime) would fall under military jurisdiction.

1689:) is a state agency that enforces all prison and community service sentences. The police can hold individuals in arrest for four days, after which there must be a court decision to continue detention. Financial sanctions such as 853:, on the proposal of a judge selection committee. Appointments are permanent. Experience in other court functions qualifies for the task. Judges in higher and administrative courts are assisted by legally trained referendaries ( 797:). The Finnish Bar Association has about 1,570 members. Practising lawyers who are not members of the Bar Association may not meet the requirements for an advocate, or may prefer not to submit to the obligations of an advocate. 1253:

are recognized from the hallmark that they become binding without the consent of the other involved parties. The contracts between authorities and private persons fall usually to the jurisdiction of the general court system.

923:) deal with criminal cases, civil cases and petitionary matters, such as divorce, the custody of children or debt adjustment. There are 27 district courts in Finland. A district court is headed by the chief judge (Finnish: 1098:

The Supreme Court mainly relies on written evidence when deciding on a case. The court may, however, hold oral hearings in which the parties, witnesses and experts are heard in person. The oral hearings are public.

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The Insurance Court has jurisdiction in certain matters of social insurance, such as accident insurance, employment pensions, civil service pensions and national pensions. Despite the name, the Insurance Court

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in serious cases in the district courts. They are not legally trained and not part of the legal profession. However, a professional judge serves as the chairman of the panel of judges.

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revocation of a driver's permit – as the result of a single offense. The courts are also expected to ensure that punishment is not extended indirectly to the offender's family. Also,

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proceeding was due to an error of the authority. The authority which prevails against a private party is not awarded its legal costs unless the appeal was frivolous.

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In the state local districts, prosecutorial duties are performed by local district prosecutors. Their jurisdiction normally covers one local district. In addition,

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must be a certified insurance physician. The certification is given by a subsection of the Finnish Medical Association. The standards have also been criticized.

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The verdict of the Court of Appeals may be executed immediately, even if one of the parties seeks a leave of appeal from the Supreme Court of Finland.

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The decisions of the Labour Court are final and cannot be appealed against. The procedure followed in the Labour Court resembles the civil procedure.

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do not exist in Finland, so if bail is ordered, it is enforced only by the threat of punitive measures and does not depend on the suspect's finances.

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the Supreme Court considers a military case, it will have two military members who are general officers appointed by the President of Republic.

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warning, additional service (1–5 shifts), confinement to garrison (1–15 days), 1–30 disciplinary fines, or confinement to quarters (1–30 days).

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During a war, the Finnish law gives an option of founding Courts Martial to handle military crimes. The Courts Martial would be founded by the

615:, everyone is entitled to have their case heard by a court or an authority appropriately and without undue delay. This is achieved through the 513: 509: 493: 460: 2213: 2154: 814:

Prosecutor General may take over a case from a subordinate prosecutor. If the Parliament decides that charges are to be brought against the

663:'s The Rules for Judges unified legal system since the 1530s and the law concerning the judicial procedure, the Code of Judicial Procedure ( 2922: 2417: 335: 166: 1256:

As a Finnish peculiarity, the law may in some cases provide that a special, out-of-court appeal measure known as "rectification request" (

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has a provincial prosecutor. The Parliamentary Ombudsman and the Chancellor of Justice are competent to raise charges in special cases.

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advocate must be independent and autonomous in relation to the government and all other quarters with the exception of their client.

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consider all kinds of private insurance contracts by private insurance companies, only those relating to accident insurance.

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for criminal cases and civil disputes continued after conquest and the country's first court of appeals was established at

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new evidence or make new claims only if that evidence was not available at the time of the trial in the District Court.

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In all types of cases, any party may appeal to the Court of Appeal. In the Finnish interpretation of the prohibition of

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where the civilian courts of law have ceased functioning, the Courts Martial have jurisdiction in all criminal cases.

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Routine cases can be handled by a single district judge. More complicated cases are handled by three district judges.

2405: 1839: 3142: 2944: 2699: 2694: 2395: 2255: 2139: 1660: 142: 79: 671:), was instituted as part of the legal codification of 1734. Since then, the Code has undergone numerous changes. 2555: 2427: 2292: 2265: 2171: 1666: 1266: 441: 119: 3114: 718:. Issues dealt with by a court of this kind elsewhere are handled by the Parliament's Constitutional Committee. 3119: 3044: 2689: 2489: 2260: 1647: 1543: 1072: 1066: 352: 197: 3193: 3014: 2974: 2954: 2934: 2837: 2640: 2625: 2560: 2380: 2360: 2186: 2176: 2091: 1793: 759:

The basic degree for a legal professional in Finland is a Master of Laws degree. Additionally, the title of

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was originally a royal plenipotentiary, then evolved towards specialization in financial enforcement. The

1581: 422: 357: 84: 2939: 3137: 3074: 3029: 2999: 2857: 2575: 2494: 2412: 704: 692: 161: 947:) who have the title of district judge. In certain cases, the district court may also have lay judges ( 1618:, embezzlement and robbery may fall to military jurisdiction, but sexual crimes, traffic infractions, 3064: 3054: 3004: 2917: 2912: 2902: 2887: 2877: 2862: 2847: 2832: 2827: 2822: 2817: 2580: 2565: 2519: 2422: 2365: 2275: 2228: 1665:

Enforcement of judgements is the responsibility of several agencies, depending on the judgement. The

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The Finnish legal system originated during the period before Swedish rule. The traditional system of

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the prison service and the probation service, who see to the enforcement of custodial sentences, and

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The current justices of the Supreme Court, as of February 2020, are in order of seniority:

2684: 2635: 2463: 2181: 1781:. In Encyclopædia Britannica. Retrieved October 4, 2007, from Encyclopædia Britannica Online. 1730: 1607: 676: 675:

procedure of the 18th and 19th centuries and was formalized in 1918 when two sections of the

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Only members of the bar association are entitled to use the professional title "advocates" (

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another. The establishment of the two courts was confirmed by the Constitution Act of 1919.

664: 652: 1548: 2650: 2645: 2590: 2499: 2458: 2012: 1858: 1797: 1643: 1046: 788: 170: 112: 2322: 45: 2763: 2390: 2208: 2043: 1747: 1221: 890: 550: 499: 2027: 1975: 1960: 1888: 1870: 1809: 3182: 2706: 982: 17: 2484: 382: 362: 129: 919: 2630: 2201: 2161: 1990: 1694: 1050: 761: 660: 347: 1921: 1851: 1778: 1327:) consists of a president and 19 other justices. The court has three chambers. 2191: 2144: 1564: 1690: 1630:, most economic crimes, drug offences and crimes against the prohibition of 1627: 1619: 1237: 1035: 975: 863: 736: 703:, whereas the Parliamentary Ombudsman is chosen for a four-year term by the 688: 2057: 1580:

The service-related criminal cases against military persons serving in the

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The president and other justices of the Supreme Court are appointed by the

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can be earned by completing a one-year court training in a district court.

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There are nineteen justices in the Court, including the Chief Justice (

1049:, the case is considered closed only after the final verdict. Thus the 1027: 1175: 2620: 1229: 1031: 1935: 636:

the enforcement authorities, who see to the enforcement of judgments

2083: 1705:) nominated by the National Administrative Office for Enforcement ( 2570: 2312: 1700: 1293:

also participate in the proceedings of the Administrative Courts.

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The current judges of the Supreme Administrative Court are:

1216:), named after their seats as the Administrative Courts of 731:

and to emphasize short sentences of a few weeks or months.

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can enforce disciplinary sentences conducted at barracks.

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Appeals from the District Courts are addressed to the six

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The Finnish judicial system is mostly organized under the

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the Bar Association and the other avenues of legal aid.

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the independent courts of law and administrative courts

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Supreme Administrative Court of Finland: Activities

1606:empowered to use disciplinary means is the company 224: 1769:. Finnish ministry of Justice. Retrieved 10-4-2007 1614:person or the state. For example, violent crimes, 1717:, who leads a team of professional distrainers ( 1830:. Parliamentary Ombudsman. Retrieved 10-4-2007. 1936:"Raija Toiviainen on uusi valtakunnansyyttäjä" 823: 2790: 2099: 1905:Text from PD source: US Library of Congress: 1724: 1718: 1712: 1706: 1698: 1554: 1257: 966: 960: 954: 948: 942: 936: 930: 924: 854: 792: 782: 580: 8: 1861:. Chancellor of Justice. Retrieved 10-4-2007 1842:Parliamentary Ombudsman. Retrieved 10-4-2007 1828:The Ombudsman and the Chancellor of Justice 986:fact and of law, as well as in sentencing. 830:, the office of which is presently held by 2797: 2783: 2775: 2538: 2446: 2348: 2233: 2106: 2092: 2084: 587: 573: 214: 31: 2030:. 20-22, 25 §§. Retrieved 17 April 2009. 849:Professional judges are appointed by the 683:Overseeing the system of justice are the 1759: 1697:are enforced by local state officials ( 1303:Supreme Administrative Court of Finland 1181:Supreme Administrative Court of Finland 880:Supreme Administrative Court of Finland 34: 1892:(193/2000). 8 §. Retrieved 10-4-2007. 1890:Laki valtioneuvoston oikeuskanslerista 1840:Subjects of the Ombudsman's oversight. 1734:can always be disputed in court. The 1248:. In addition, the autonomous region 202: 7: 1976:Laki työtuomioistuimesta. (744/1974) 1961:Laki työtuomioistuimesta. (744/1974) 207: 2028:Sotilasoikeudenhoitolaki (326/1983) 192: 1872:Laki eduskunnan oikeusasiamiehestä 699:and is a non-voting member of the 25: 544: 44: 27:National court system of Finland 1963:12 §. Retrieved 17 April 2009. 2214:History of independent Finland 1978:2 §. Retrieved 17 April 2009. 1711:). A district is managed by a 1192:Regional Administrative Courts 1161:Justice Ms. Eva Tammi-Salminen 747:remained unaffected, however. 722:Principles of criminal justice 530:Politics of the European Union 353:National Coalition Party (KOK) 225:Regional Administrative Courts 1: 2058:"Entry page - Ulosottolaitos" 2044:"Entry page - Ulosottolaitos" 343:Social Democratic Party (SDP) 1815:. 2 §. Retrieved 10-4-2007. 1325:högsta förvaltningsdomstolen 1309:Supreme Administrative Court 1297:Supreme Administrative Court 373:Swedish People's Party (RKP) 220:Supreme Administrative Court 2015:. Retrieved 17 April 2009. 1993:. Retrieved 17 April 2009. 1632:weapons of mass destruction 1146:Justice Ms. Kirsti Uusitalo 1113:President Mr. Tatu Leppänen 818:or against a member of the 494:Ministry of Foreign Affairs 461:Wellbeing services counties 70:Declaration of Independence 3215: 2469:Government-owned companies 2140:Finland under Swedish rule 2075:Judicial system of Finland 1942:(in Finnish). 13 July 2018 1876:6 §. Retrieved 10-4-2007. 1767:Judicial system in Finland 1661:Law enforcement in Finland 1658: 1562:Five of the members serve 1300: 1152:Justice Mr. Mika Ilveskero 1149:Justice Ms. Lena Engstrand 1134:Justice Mr. Jarmo Littunen 1064: 617:judicial system of Finland 2729: 2541: 2480:National income agreement 2449: 2351: 2236: 2172:Golden Age of Finnish Art 1991:Työtuomioistuin. 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2454:Agriculture 2298:Urban areas 2202:Lapland War 2167:Grand Duchy 2162:Finnish War 1946:13 February 1940:Yle Uutiset 1695:garnishment 1655:Enforcement 1547: [ 1365:Olof Olsson 1222:Hämeenlinna 1051:prosecution 944:tingsdomare 929:, Swedish: 801:Prosecutors 762:varatuomari 661:Olaus Petri 522:Ambassadors 429:Seutukunnat 423:Sub-regions 156:Legislative 3183:Categories 3015:San Marino 2975:Montenegro 2955:Luxembourg 2935:Kazakhstan 2838:Azerbaijan 2661:Literature 2576:Healthcare 2413:Parliament 2376:Government 2192:Winter War 2145:Cudgel War 2135:Prehistory 2006:HE 40/1997 1874:(197/2002) 1754:References 1659:See also: 1640:Government 1620:war crimes 1572:verdicts. 1565:ex officio 1456:Ilkka Pere 1351:Ahti Rihto 1342:President 1004:hovioikeus 976:Lay judges 962:hovioikeus 864:lay judges 784:asianajaja 737:bail bonds 705:Parliament 701:Government 693:Parliament 647:Background 611:Under the 514:in Finland 498:Minister: 306:European: 162:Parliament 137:Government 3148:Gibraltar 2950:Lithuania 2685:Mythology 2581:Languages 2566:Education 2520:Transport 2423:President 2386:Judiciary 2366:Elections 2323:Jyväskylä 2276:Provinces 2229:Geography 2182:Civil War 1813:(94/1919) 1691:distraint 1628:espionage 1372:Esa Aalto 1238:Rovaniemi 1170:President 1036:Rovaniemi 956:nämndeman 950:lautamies 920:tingsrätt 806:service. 769:Advocates 697:President 659:in 1634. 410:Maakunnat 251:elections 186:Judiciary 103:President 97:Executive 3168:Svalbard 3153:Guernsey 3100:Abkhazia 3075:Scotland 3030:Slovenia 3025:Slovakia 3000:Portugal 2858:Bulgaria 2759:Category 2656:Folklore 2598:Religion 2546:Abortion 2505:Taxation 2495:Startups 2475:Industry 2401:Military 2344:Politics 2330:Wildlife 2303:Helsinki 2119:articles 2009:Archived 1855:Archived 1794:Archived 1742:See also 1528:does not 1475:Justice 1468:Justice 1461:Justice 1454:Justice 1447:Justice 1440:Justice 1433:Justice 1426:Justice 1419:Justice 1412:Justice 1405:Justice 1398:Justice 1391:Justice 1384:Justice 1377:Justice 1370:Justice 1363:Justice 1356:Justice 1349:Justice 1218:Helsinki 1016:Helsinki 926:laamanni 884:Helsinki 856:viskaali 687:and the 605:Raseborg 452:Kommuner 414:Landskap 85:Military 3065:England 3055:Ukraine 3005:Romania 2965:Moldova 2923:Ireland 2918:Iceland 2913:Hungary 2903:Germany 2898:Georgia 2888:Finland 2883:Estonia 2878:Denmark 2863:Croatia 2848:Belgium 2843:Belarus 2833:Austria 2828:Armenia 2823:Andorra 2818:Albania 2736:Outline 2646:Cuisine 2613:Culture 2591:Swedish 2586:Finnish 2534:Society 2515:Tourism 2442:Economy 2308:Tampere 2281:Regions 2256:Islands 2251:Geology 2127:History 2115:Finland 2077:by the 1679:Swedish 1671:Finnish 1624:treason 1616:larceny 1584:or the 1495:Finnish 1321:Swedish 1313:Finnish 1279:Swedish 1271:Finnish 1226:Kouvola 1210:Swedish 1202:Finnish 1085:Swedish 1077:Finnish 1028:Kouvola 1012:hovrätt 1008:Swedish 1000:Finnish 968:hovrätt 915:Swedish 907:Finnish 822:in the 794:advokat 789:Swedish 779:Finnish 665:Finnish 404:Regions 249:Recent 167:Speaker 3163:Jersey 3105:Kosovo 3050:Turkey 3040:Sweden 3020:Serbia 3010:Russia 2995:Poland 2990:Norway 2970:Monaco 2940:Latvia 2908:Greece 2893:France 2868:Cyprus 2764:Portal 2636:Cinema 2621:Anthem 2473: 2464:Energy 2293:Rivers 2117: 1479:(2004) 1472:(2004) 1465:(2003) 1458:(2003) 1451:(2003) 1444:(2003) 1437:(2000) 1430:(2000) 1423:(1998) 1416:(1997) 1409:(1997) 1402:(1995) 1395:(1995) 1388:(1994) 1381:(1994) 1374:(1993) 1367:(1993) 1360:(1990) 1353:(1988) 1283:kommun 1230:Kuopio 1034:, and 1032:Kuopio 932:lagman 870:Courts 677:Senate 448:Kunnat 3138:Åland 3080:Wales 3035:Spain 2960:Malta 2930:Italy 2743:Index 2712:Sport 2707:Sauna 2680:Music 2675:Media 2571:Finns 2551:Crime 2313:Turku 2286:Åland 2261:Lakes 1726:vouti 1701:vouti 1551:] 1275:kunta 1250:Åland 1246:Vaasa 1242:Turku 1024:Vaasa 1020:Turku 839:Åland 657:Turku 653:tings 59:State 2651:Flag 2406:NATO 2318:Oulu 1948:2020 1693:and 1687:RISE 1542:The 1307:The 1244:and 1234:Oulu 1071:The 809:The 319:2024 313:2019 308:2014 296:2023 291:2019 286:2015 272:2018 267:2012 262:2006 143:list 124:list 107:list 2631:Art 2391:Law 1172:). 971:). 882:in 859:). 3185:: 1938:. 1681:: 1677:, 1673:: 1646:, 1626:, 1622:, 1549:fi 1497:: 1323:: 1319:, 1315:: 1281:: 1277:, 1273:: 1240:, 1236:, 1232:, 1228:, 1224:, 1220:, 1212:: 1208:, 1204:: 1106:. 1087:: 1083:, 1079:: 1030:, 1026:, 1022:, 1018:, 1010:: 1006:, 1002:: 965:, 953:, 941:, 917:: 913:, 909:: 791:: 787:, 781:: 667:: 619:. 512:/ 469:, 450:, 431:, 412:, 169:: 126:) 109:) 2798:e 2791:t 2784:v 2107:e 2100:t 2093:v 2060:. 2046:. 1950:. 1924:. 1669:( 1553:( 1311:( 1269:( 1200:( 1075:( 998:( 905:( 588:e 581:t 574:v 473:) 465:( 454:) 446:( 435:) 427:( 416:) 408:( 145:) 122:( 105:( 20:)

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