918:
976:
754:
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818:
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1184:). Conditions on board had rapidly deteriorated: most of the crew had obvious symptoms of scurvy and the main decks were covered by smoke from the ships' fires and bad smells and became unbearable. At the end of February 1838, Dumont accepted that he was not able to continue further south, and he continued to doubt the actual latitude reached by Weddell. He therefore directed the two ships towards
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40:
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1621:â... je fus le premier Ă en remettre une description dĂ©taillĂ©e Ă M. le marquis de RiviĂšre, Ă Constantinople. GrĂące Ă son empressement, Ă son amour pour les beaux arts et aux efforts de M. de Marcellus, la France n'a pas eu le regret de voir passer en mains Ă©trangĂšres ce prĂ©cieux reste d'antiquitĂ©...â (ââŠI was the first one to supply a detailed description to the
1625:, in Constantinople. Thanks to his enthusiasm, his love of fine arts and to the efforts of M. de Marcellus, France has been able to avoid the regret to see this precious piece of antiquity pass into foreign handsâŠâ) Note on the underground galleries of the island of Milos, by J. Dumont dâUrville, in ââNouvelles annales des voyages, de gĂ©ographie et de histoire
1830:
Alors, j'annonçais aux officiers rassemblés en présence de l'équipage que cette terre porterait désormais le nom de terre Adélie. Cette désignation est destinée à perpétuer le souvenir de ma profonde reconnaissance pour la compagne dévouée qui a su par trois fois consentir à une séparation longue et
1274:
The first days of the voyage mainly involved the crossing of twenty degrees and a westerly current; on board there were further misfortunes, including the loss of a man. Crossing the 50°S parallel, they experienced unexpected falls in the air and water temperatures. After completing the crossing of
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prevented the ships from continuing to the south. In the next two months Dumont led increasingly desperate attempts to find a passage through the ice so that he could reach the desired latitude. For a while the ships managed to keep to an ice-free channel, but shortly afterwards they became trapped
932:
Dumont's health was by now weakened by years of a poor diet. He suffered from kidney and stomach problems and from intense attacks of gout. During the first thirteen years of their marriage, half of which passed far apart, Adélie and Jules had two sons. The first one died at a young age while his
956:
In 1835, Dumont was directed to return to Toulon to engage in "down to earth" work and spent two years, marked by mournful events (notably the loss of a daughter from cholera) and happy events (notably the birth of another son, Ămile) but with the constant and nearly obsessive thought of a third
491:
During this period, Dumont built on his already substantial cultural knowledge. He already spoke, in addition to Latin and Greek, English, German, Italian, Russian, Chinese and Hebrew. During his later travels in the
Pacific, thanks to his prodigious memory, he would acquire some knowledge of an
1609:
institution characterised by "...maßtres athées, promiscuité des condisciples venus de tous les milieux, contagion des idées philosophiques et révolutionnaires..." ("atheistic teachers, the promiscuity of school-fellows from all parts of society, the contagion of philosophical and revolutionary
1102:
to disembark a sick official. During the first part of the voyage there were also problems of provisioning, particularly rotten meat, which affected the health of the crew. At the end of
November, the ships reached the Strait of Magellan. Dumont thought there was sufficient time to explore the
568:
Dumont recognised its value and would have acquired it immediately, but the ship's commander pointed out that there was not enough space on board for an object of its size. Moreover, the expedition was likely to proceed through stormy seas that could damage it. Dumont then wrote to the French
940:
Dumont d'Urville passed a short period with his family before returning to Paris, where he was promoted to captain and he was put in charge of writing the report of his travels. The five volumes were published at the expense of the French government between 1832 and 1834. During these years
1018:
were prepared for the voyage at Toulon. The
Astrolabe was commanded by Dumont d'Urville, and Gaston de Roquemaurel as second, and La Zélée by Charles Hector Jacquinot. In the course of the preparation Dumont also went to London to acquire documentation and instrumentation, meeting the
584:
in
Constantinople. The French ambassador's representative arrived just as the statue was being loaded aboard a ship bound for Constantinople and persuaded the island's primates (chief citizens) to annul the sale and honour the first offer. This earned Dumont the title of
1220:, where he received a letter from his wife that informed him of the death of his second son from cholera. Adélie's sorrowful demand that he return home coincided with a deterioration in his health: Dumont was more and more often hit by attacks of gout and stomach pains.
642:
sailed from Toulon with the objective of collecting as much scientific and strategic information as possible on the area to which it was dispatched. Duperrey was named
Commander of the expedition because he was four years older than Dumont. Dumont discovered the
1844:
The plate stated, among other things: â"Du 19 Janvier au 1 FĂ©vrier, 1840, dĂ©couverte de la Terre AdĂ©lie et dĂ©termination du pole magnĂ©tique
Austral!â (From 19 January to 1 February 1840, discovered AdĂ©lie Land and determined the position of the Southern Magnetic
1009:
Dumont was initially unhappy with the modifications made to his proposal. He had little interest in polar exploration and preferred tropical routes. But soon his vanity took over and he saw the opportunity for achieving a prestigious objective. The two ships,
1351:
on 30 January 1840, but failed to communicate due to a misunderstanding. On 1 February, Dumont decided to turn to the north heading for Hobart, which the two ships reached 17 days later. They were present for the arrival of the two ships of
917:
941:
d'Urville, who was already a poor diplomat, became more irascible and rancorous as a result of his gout, and lost the sympathy of the naval leadership. In his report, he criticised harshly the military structures, his colleagues, the
1640:
In fact, the recovery of the Venus de Milo was not the work of Dumont only. Moreover, the French ambassador to
Constantinople had already received another report on the discovery of the statue sent by the commander of the ship
451:
where he presented himself as a timid young man, very serious and studious, little interested in amusements and much more interested in studies than in military matters. In 1808, he obtained the grade of first-class candidate.
1835:. This name is intended to perpetuate the memory of my deep recognition for my devoted partner who agreed three times to long and painful separations, to enable me to carry out my plans for remote explorations.)
2307:
Voyage au PÎle sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes "l'Astrolabe" et "la Zélée", exécuté par ordre du Roi pendant les années 1837-1838-1839-1840 sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont-d'Urville, capitaine de
2172:
Voyage au PÎle sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes "l'Astrolabe" et "la Zélée", exécuté par ordre du Roi pendant les années 1837-1838-1839-1840 sous le commandement de M. J. Dumont-d'Urville, capitaine de
2085:« Daring French Explorations, 1714â1854, Trailblazing adventures around the world. Featuring Bougainville, Laperouse, Dumont dâUrville, and more » Hubert SagniĂšres, Edward Dyuker, Flammarion, 2023,
1831:
douloureuse, pour me permettre d'accomplir mes projets d'explorations lointaines. (Then, I announced to the officers gathered in the presence of the crew that this land would carry from now on the name of
5249:
1254:
only, in order to attempt to reach the South
Magnetic Pole around longitude 140°. A deeply wounded Captain Jacquinot urged the hiring of a number of replacements (generally deserters from a French
701:, Dumont tried to reconcile his responsibilities as second in command with his need to carry out scientific work. He was in charge of carrying out research in the fields of botany and entomology.
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1290:
The two ships slowly sailed to the West, skirting walls of ice, and on 22 January, just before 9 in the evening, some members of the crew disembarked on the north-westernmost and highest
1622:
1200:, the crews found ways "to socialise" with the islanders. Dumont's moral conduct was irreproachable, but he provided a highly summarised description of some incidents of their stay in
1122:
1279:, on 16 January 1840, at 60°S they sighted the first iceberg and two days later the ships found themselves in the middle of a mass of ice. On 20 January the expedition crossed the
1063:
sailed from Toulon on 7 September 1837, after three weeks of delay compared to Dumont's plans. His objectives were to reach the most southerly point possible at this time in the
1817:". (I sent one of our sailors at once to deploy a flag on these lands which no human creature had seen nor trod before us) â from the Diary of Joseph Dubouzet, an officer on the
964:
s travel notes, and found a gap in the exploration of
Oceania and, in January 1837, he wrote to the Navy Ministry suggesting the opportunity for a new expedition to the Pacific.
773:, he presented to the Navy Ministry a plan for a new expedition, which he hoped to command, as his relationship with Duperrey had deteriorated. The proposal was accepted and
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784:
758:
1717:
In the course of his stay in London Dumont expressed doubts that he had held for a long time on
Weddellâs claim to have reached 74°34'S, provoking indignant reactions.
1727:
1421:
685:, he had behaved as a competent official, but disinclined to military discipline and subordination. On the return to France, Duperrey and Dumont were promoted to
657:
as a naval doctor and naturalist. On the return to France in March 1825, Lesson and Dumont brought an imposing collection of animals and plants collected on the
1453:
1930:
1565:
2689:, an exhibition catalog from The Metropolitan Museum of Art (fully available online as PDF), which contains material on Jules Dumont d'Urville (figs. 2,3,4)
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2734:
1893:
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In the following days the expedition followed the coast westward then led for the first time some experiments to determine the approximate position of the
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1130:
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2571:
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and to claim it for France; if that was not possible, Dumont's expedition was asked to equal the most southerly latitude of 74°34'S achieved in 1823 by
898:
reports, which were destined to strongly influence the scientific analysis of those regions. Following this expedition, he invented the terms Malaisia,
787:, and sailed from Toulon on 22 April 1826, towards the Pacific Ocean, for a circumnavigation of the world that was destined to last nearly three years.
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364:
218:
531:, daughter of a clockmaker from Toulon. who was openly disliked by Dumont's mother, who thought her inappropriate for her son and refused to meet her.
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628:, a past acquaintance. The two began to plan an expedition of exploration in the Pacific, an area out of which France had been forced during the
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Seeing the consistent reduction of the crews, decimated by misfortunes, Dumont expressed his intention to leave this time for the Antarctic with
478:
and finding himself bored with port life and disapproving of the dissolute behaviour of the other young officers, he asked to be transferred to
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4964:
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2278:"{{in lang|fr}} The Dumoulin islands by Dubouzet in 1840, site of Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty, Documents, Historic Sites and Monuments"
555:, the local French representative brought to Dumont's attention the rediscovery of a marble statue a few days before (8 April 1820) by a local
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Carte des explorations effectuées par les corvettes "l'Astrolabe" et "la Zélée" dans les régions circum-polaires levée par Vincendon-Dumoulin
2344:"{{in lang|fr}} IGN Map of Pointe GĂ©ologie archipelago, site of Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty, Documents, Historic Sites and Monuments"
1995:
1971:
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in Paris with more than 1,200 specimens of insects, covering 1,100 insect species (including 300 previously unknown species). The scientists
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2235:
Views of DĂ©barquement Rock from north and south west, site of Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty, Documents, Historic Sites and Monuments
20:
1815:
J'envoyai aussitÎt un de nos matelots déployer un drapeau sur ces terres qu'aucune créature humaine n'avait ni vues ni foulées avant nous
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At that time national prestige derived from polar exploration in the same way that it is derived from space exploration in recent times.
276:, and was a rigid and formal woman from an ancient family of the rural nobility of Lower Normandy. The child was weak and often sickly.
995:. Thus France became part of the international competition for polar exploration, along with the United States and the United Kingdom.
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1788:
Instead of 21 January 1840, since Dumont d'Urville forgot to add one day on his diary when he passed the 180° meridian from the east,
1773:
1763:
Instead of 19 January 1840, since Dumont d'Urville forgot to add one day on his diary when he passed the 180° meridian from the east,
1344:
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Meanwhile, the peasant had sold the statue to a priest, Macario Verghis, who wished to present it as a gift to an interpreter for the
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brought back to France specimens of more than 3,000 species of plants, 400 of which were previously unknown, enriching moreover the
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again, after a wind change. Five days of continuous work were necessary in order to open a corridor in the pack ice to free them.
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1424:(Geographical Society of Paris), later becoming its president. He then took over the writing of the report of the expedition,
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1490:â likely to be the first novel written about fictional Maori characters. Later, in honour of his many valuable chartings, the
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separating them from Antarctica. In spite of thick fog they located some land only sketched on the maps, which Dumont named
1377:, where they carried out magnetic measurements and they left a commemorative plate of their visit (as had the commander of
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1452:'s coal ended up on the front of the train and caught fire. Dumont's whole family died in the flames of the first French
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As a botanist and cartographer, Dumont d'Urville left his mark on New Zealand. He gave his name to the genus of seaweeds
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in order to head for Oceania with the objective of inspecting the new British colonies in Western Australia; to sail to
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Photography of DĂ©barquement Rock, site of Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty, Documents, Historic Sites and Monuments
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1523:
650:
471:. Dumont was confined to land like his colleagues and spent the first years in the navy studying foreign languages.
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207:
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1961:
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previously), in which they announced the discovery of the South Magnetic Pole. They returned via New Zealand, the
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in Paris. This tragedy led to the end of the practice in France of locking passengers in their train compartments.
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1938:
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During months of exploration in the Pacific, the ship visited many islands in Polynesia. On their arrival in the
1674:. His failure to gain a place on that voyage became for him a personal issue and influenced his later behaviour.
1428:, which was published between 1841 and 1854 in 24 volumes, plus seven more volumes with illustrations and maps.
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both left Hobart on 1 January 1840. Dumont's plan was very simple: to head south, wind conditions permitting.
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arrived in Constantinople on 22 April and Dumont succeeded in convincing the ambassador to acquire the statue.
3021:
179:. As a botanist and cartographer, he gave his name to several seaweeds, plants and shrubs, and places such as
1986:
Trathan, P. N., & Ballard, G. (2013). Adélie Penguin. In Borboroglu, P. G., & Boersma, P. D. (Eds.),
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5449:
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2196:, view from the west), site of Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty, Documents, Historic Sites and Monuments"
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returned to Marseille on 25 March 1829, with an impressive load of hydrographical papers and collections of
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and finally Toulon, returning on 6 November 1840, the last French expedition of exploration to sail.
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874:) and collected numerous remains of his boats. The voyage continued with the mapping of part of the
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59:
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Proposition de classement du rocher du débarquement dans le cadre des sites et monuments historiques
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Proposition de classement du rocher du débarquement dans le cadre des sites et monuments historiques
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1079:; and to sail to New Zealand to find opportunities for French whalers and to examine places where a
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be established at the strait to support future traffic along the route. The strait was eventually
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283:, played the part of his father and from 1798 took charge of his education. The Abbot taught him
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Some years earlier Dumont was an unsuccessful candidate to take part in the voyage of the ship
1188:, in Chile, where he established a temporary hospital for the crew members affected by scurvy.
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1991:
1967:
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1460:. Dumont's remains were identified by Pierre-Marie Alexandre Dumoutier, a doctor on board the
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A French naval transport ship employed in French Polynesia is named after him; as was a 1931
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632:. France considered it might be able to regain some of its losses by taking over part of
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on Antarctica is also named after him, as is the Rue Dumont d'Urville, a street near the
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found themselves entangled again in a mass of ice on 1 January 1838. The same night the
921:
464:
444:
2497:
1426:
Voyage au pĂŽle Sud et dans l'OcĂ©anie sur les corvettes l'Astrolabe et la ZĂ©lĂ©e 1837â1840
1035:, John Washington, both strong supporters of the British expeditions to the South Pole.
467:, and its ships were blockaded in their ports by the absolute domination of the British
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2379:), site of Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty, Documents, Historic Sites and Monuments
2252:, site of Secretariat of the Antarctic Treaty, Documents, Historic Sites and Monuments"
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1216:(14 men and 3 officials); but for Dumont the worst moment during the expedition was at
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expedition to the Pacific, analogous to James Cook's third voyage. He looked again at
833:
832:, creating comprehensive coastline maps of New Zealand. The ship spent six days in the
710:
570:
262:
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Early in the voyage, part of the crew was involved in a drunken brawl and arrested in
937:
and the second, also called Jules, on the return of his father after four years away.
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This was to the relief of his mother, who disapproved the idea of her son entering a
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In the Strait of Magellan Dummont surveyed the coast trying to find out the ruins of
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288:
979:
The Astrolabe and the Zelee caught in Antarctic ice, watercolour by A. Mayer. (1838)
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2818:
2771:
2441:
2064:
1557:
1553:
1542:
1480:
1417:
1394:
1125:
to control the passage through the strait. An expedition report recommended that a
1080:
829:
795:
117:
2377:
Voyage au PÎle sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes "l'Astrolabe" et "la Zélée"
2194:
Voyage au PÎle sud et dans l'Océanie sur les corvettes "l'Astrolabe" et "la Zélée"
1405:
279:
After the death of his father when he was six, his mother's brother, the Abbot of
269:
of Condé-sur-Noireau, was, like his ancestors, responsible to the court of Condé.
39:
2702:. The library's collection also includes a number of high-resolution images from
2471:
5809:
5709:
5657:
5475:
5262:
5050:
4425:
4357:
4119:
3978:
3941:
3841:
3833:
3641:
2977:
1205:
1169:
1084:
1064:
803:
670:
513:
346:
329:
At the age of 17 years he failed the physical tests of the entrance exam to the
196:
172:
1549:
in Antarctica after his wife, and Croisilles Harbour for his mother's family.
5608:
5511:
5495:
5337:
5270:
5171:
4580:
4529:
4489:
3811:
3537:
3465:
3407:
2800:
1511:
1465:
1445:
1390:
1185:
1108:
988:
900:
887:
859:
811:
722:
674:
602:
505:
468:
319:
296:
176:
5130:
3967:
3519:
3302:
1646:
1213:
1201:
911:
906:
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794:
skirted the coast of southern Australia, carried out new relief maps of the
686:
678:
497:
493:
265:. His father, Gabriel Charles François Dumont, sieur d'Urville (1728â1796),
2392:
more than 7 nautical miles southward (about 14 km), near the tongue of the
551:
of the islands of the Greek archipelago. During a pause near the island of
2310:, Paris, Gide Ă©diteur, 1842â1846, tome 8, p. 149-152, site of Gallica, BNF
2175:, Paris, Gide Ă©diteur, 1842â1846, tome 8, p. 136-181, site of Gallica, BNF
5062:
2671:
1654:
1337:
1302:
of the time, today about 4 km north from the glacier extremity near
1209:
1149:
1095:
879:
863:
762:
509:
460:
292:
2388:, enlarge to find the position number 38 of the ships before landing on
1243:, from whom he learned that the ships of the American expedition led by
624:, Dumont was sent to the naval archive, where he encountered Lieutenant
175:
who explored the south and western Pacific, Australia, New Zealand, and
5689:
5069:
3856:
3334:
3310:
3298:
2147:(A Replica ed.). The Iowa State University Press. pp. 82â84.
1897:. Vol. 8 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 666.
1160:, the expedition headed directly to the South Shetland Islands and the
1137:
556:
371: in this section. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
266:
1103:
strait for three weeks, taking into account the precise maps drawn by
3935:
3260:
1441:
1255:
1236:
1224:
1076:
606:
590:
581:
501:
479:
76:
2712:
1258:
anchored in Hobart) and convinced him to reconsider his intentions;
1227:, where the sick and the dying were treated. Dumont was received by
3321:
2248:"{{in lang|fr}} The Dumoulin islands and DĂ©barquement Rock in the
1606:
1470:
1404:
1386:
1072:
1042:
997:
987:
approved the plan, but he ordered that the expedition aim for the
974:
916:
837:
816:
752:
662:
552:
284:
2023:
Taonga, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu.
1929:
Taonga, New Zealand Ministry for Culture and Heritage Te Manatu.
272:
His mother Jeanne Françoise Victoire Julie (1754â1832) came from
1535:
847:
666:
520:
304:
4512:
2754:
2716:
910:, distinguishing these Pacific cultures and island groups from
340:
190:
1440:
to Paris after seeing water games celebrating the king. Near
1691:. The first American expedition left in 1838 and was led by
1436:
On 8 May 1842, Dumont and his family boarded a train from
1318:
The map of the coast drawn under sail by the hydrographer
802:
in which he navigated through the narrow and treacherous
717:
analysed the results of his searches and praised Dumont.
949:â none of whom, in his opinion, had given the voyage of
2566:, Otago University Press, Dunedin, 2014, pp. 671,
1683:
The first British expedition was the 1839â43 voyage of
19:"Dumont d'Urville" redirects here. For other uses, see
2544:
The Life of Dumont d'Urville: From Venus to Antarctica
862:. He identified the site of La PĂ©rouse's shipwreck in
605:; and France gained a new, magnificent statue for the
2416:. Berkeley: University of California Press. pp.
2143:
Talbott, Robert D. (1974). "The Strait of Magellan".
1963:
From Venus to Antarctic: The Life of Dumont D'Urville
1771:, Antarctic Treaty Consultative meeting 2006, note 4.
1726:
These were named respectively after the French King;
523:, Dumont undertook his first short navigation of the
2624:(in French). Rochefort: Imprimerie de Henry Loustau.
1796:, Antarctic Treaty Consultative meeting 2006, note 4
1329:
is remarkably accurate given the means of the time.
850:, then Dumont executed the first relief maps of the
5490:
5221:
4808:
4548:
3921:
3452:
3297:
2795:
1575:is used to indicate this person as the author when
1114:between 1826 and 1830, before heading south again.
928:
performing a dance, with a French officer at right.
145:
135:
123:
113:
103:
95:
83:
66:
46:
30:
2111:(in Spanish). Santiago: Andrés Bello. p. 120.
1212:some of the crew were lost to tropical fevers and
798:of New Zealand, including improved surveys of the
757:Inauguration of the monument erected in honour of
681:. Dumont was now 35 and in poor health. On board
519:Finally in 1814, when Napoleon had been exiled to
1373:On 25 February, the schooners sailed towards the
1083:might be established. After passing through the
726:, which includes southern bull-kelp; the seaweed
326:, and he became passionate about these matters.
5899:French military personnel of the Napoleonic Wars
2687:Adorning the world: art of the Marquesas Islands
2601:. New York: W.W. Norton & Company. pp.
1988:Penguins : Natural history and conservation
1223:On 12 December 1839 the two corvettes landed at
333:and he therefore decided to enlist in the navy.
2622:Notice historique sur l'amiral Dumont d'Urville
2574:, University of Hawaiâi Press, Honolulu, 2014,
1888:"Dumont d'Urville, Jules SĂ©bastien CĂ©sar"
1416:On his return Dumont d'Urville was promoted to
500:. Meanwhile, ashore at Toulon, he learnt about
1247:were berthed in Sydney waiting to sail south.
769:Two months after Dumont d'Urville returned on
2728:
2653:Dumont d'Urville. La grande légende de la mer
1854:Some sources state that d'Urville also named
1121:, a city founded in 1584 as part of a failed
8:
2546:. Auckland, New Zealand: Exisle Publishing.
2413:The Great United States Exploring Expedition
1488:The New Zealanders: A story of Austral lands
1287:, and they sighted land the same afternoon.
1239:explorer who later perished on the infamous
836:taking on food and water before sailing for
488:; but this ship was also blockaded in port.
2634:Les hommes qui ont fait la marine française
1204:in his reports. During the voyage from the
225:. Unsourced material may be challenged and
4522:
4509:
2764:
2751:
2735:
2721:
2713:
2007:
821:Dumont d'Urville's expedition at Vanikoro.
814:had mapped as being part of the mainland.
539:In 1819, Dumont d'Urville sailed on board
38:
27:
2695:Voyage de la corvette L'Astrolabe...Atlas
2025:"Dumont d'Urville, Jules SĂ©bastien CĂ©sar"
1990:. University of Washington Press. p. 37.
1931:"Dumont d'Urville, Jules SĂ©bastien CĂ©sar"
1522:in New Zealand were named after him. The
1298:, at 500â600 m from the icy coast of the
669:, in the archipelagos of the Pacific and
431:Learn how and when to remove this message
245:Learn how and when to remove this message
167:; 23 May 1790 â 8 May 1842) was a French
5793:Pole of Inaccessibility research station
2668:"Jules-Sebastien-Cesar Dumont d'Urville"
2047:
2045:
1732:Claude Charles Marie du Campe de Rosamel
761:, shipwrecked and lost on the island of
5368:Commonwealth Trans-Antarctic Expedition
2564:Dumont dâUrville: Explorer and Polymath
2018:
2016:
1874:
1728:François d'Orléans, Prince of Joinville
1598:
1422:Gold Medal of the Société de Géographie
474:In 1812, after having been promoted to
2190:Prise de possession de la Terre Adélie
1087:, the mission would have to round the
1052:making water on a floe 6 February 1838
156:Jules SĂ©bastien CĂ©sar Dumont d'Urville
2468:"Journaux de Bord â Marine nationale"
1730:, son of the King; and Vice Admiral
1479:Dumont was buried in the cemetery of
1475:Dumont-d'Urville's tombstone in Paris
565:, dates from around the year 130 BC.
162:
7:
2620:Lesson, René-PrimevÚre Alan (1845).
2442:"Notes on Railroad Accidents - 1879"
2125:, Martinus Nijhoff Publisher, 1989,
2061:Early shipping in New Zealand waters
1909:"Chuuk: The Caricature of An Island"
1534:, and the Lycée Dumont D'Urville in
1448:derailed, the wagons rolled and the
1411:Voyage au pole sud et dans l'Oceanie
707:Muséum national d'histoire naturelle
443:In 1807, Dumont was admitted to the
369:adding citations to reliable sources
310:In the library of Caen, he read the
223:adding citations to reliable sources
5154:Imperial Trans-Antarctic Expedition
3351:Norse colonization of North America
2145:A history of the Chilean boundaries
2108:Historia del Estrecho de Magallanes
1136:Two weeks after seeing their first
512:and he studied in the nearby naval
508:in long excursions in the hills of
4683:United States Exploring Expedition
2590:(in French). Paris: France-Empire.
1695:after Rossâs 1831 conquest of the
1627:, volume XXVII. Paris: Gide, 1825.
1345:United States Exploring Expedition
1285:crossing of the Equator ceremonies
299:. From 1804 Dumont studied at the
14:
5879:Railway accident deaths in France
5757:AmundsenâScott South Pole Station
5125:Australasian Antarctic Expedition
2704:Voyage de la corvette l'Astrolabe
2494:"Aviso colonial Dumont d'Urville"
1960:Dunmore, John (7 November 2010).
1320:Clément Adrien Vincendon-Dumoulin
870:, part of the archipelago of the
783:in honour of one of the ships of
647:, which is named after his wife.
620:On his return from the voyage of
459:was of a much lower quality than
21:Dumont d'Urville (disambiguation)
16:French explorer and naval officer
5889:Burials at Montparnasse Cemetery
5651:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
5044:Amundsen's South Pole expedition
2670:. South-Pole.com. Archived from
828:sailed up the east coast of the
559:. The statue, now known as the
345:
195:
5884:Knights of the Legion of Honour
5864:French explorers of the Pacific
2598:The race to the white continent
2520:International Plant Names Index
2323:"Catalogue des cartes en ligne"
1541:Dumont d'Urville himself named
1510:in Antarctica, Cape d'Urville,
1310:. Dumont named the archipelago
1283:, with celebrations similar to
636:. On 11 August 1822, the ship
543:, under the command of Captain
356:needs additional citations for
149:Gabriel Charles François Dumont
1966:. ReadHowYouWant. p. 17.
492:immense number of dialects of
1:
5869:19th-century French explorers
5854:People from Condé-sur-Noireau
5030:Japanese Antarctic Expedition
4965:Scottish Antarctic Expedition
2698:â digital facsimile from the
2237:, length 244 m, height 18.7 m
1356:'s expedition to Antarctica,
1039:First contact with Antarctica
858:) and explored the coasts of
314:and the reports of travel of
5387:Soviet Antarctic Expeditions
5203:ShackletonâRowett Expedition
5009:French Antarctic Expeditions
4939:Swedish Antarctic Expedition
4825:Belgian Antarctic Expedition
2943:Lady Franklin Bay Expedition
1336:. They sighted the American
1123:Spanish colonization attempt
1098:. A short pause was made in
1071:; to travel up the coast of
730:; the species of grass tree
4472:Nuclear-powered icebreakers
4151:Austro-Hungarian Expedition
3016:Andrée's balloon expedition
1860:Talk:Jules Dumont d'Urville
1858:but this is incorrect (see
1649:of Milossome to the French
1532:8th arrondissement of Paris
5920:
3673:Franklin's lost expedition
3373:Christian IV's expeditions
2651:Vergniol, Camille (1930).
1033:Royal Geographical Society
943:French Academy of Sciences
599:French Academy of Sciences
455:At the time the neglected
18:
4525:
4521:
4508:
4027:Great Northern Expedition
3703:RaeâRichardson expedition
2903:British Arctic Expedition
2767:
2763:
2750:
2586:Guillon, Jacques (1986).
2410:Stanton, William (1975).
1456:, generally known as the
1031:and the President of the
37:
5904:Explorers of New Zealand
5311:British Antarctic Survey
5305:Captain Arturo Prat Base
4550:Antarctic/Southern Ocean
2384:13 November 2014 at the
1623:M. le marquis de RiviĂšre
1524:Dumont d'Urville Station
1458:Versailles rail accident
1300:Astrolabe Glacier Tongue
1131:settled by Chile in 1843
732:Dracophyllum urvilleanum
380:"Jules Dumont d'Urville"
164:[ÊyldymÉÌdyÊvil]
5787:Pole of inaccessibility
5450:Antarctic Treaty System
3791:2nd Grinnell expedition
1894:EncyclopĂŠdia Britannica
1670:, under the command of
1518:, Auckland Island; and
1166:Terre de Louis-Philippe
924:men and women on board
597:, the attention of the
337:Early years in the Navy
2542:Dunmore, John (2007).
2250:Pilote de Terre Adélie
2123:The Strait of Magellan
1801:11 August 2013 at the
1776:11 August 2013 at the
1588:Sources and references
1500:Joinville Island group
1476:
1413:
1294:of the rocky group of
1174:Joinville Island group
1091:and return to France.
1067:; to pass through the
1053:
1006:
980:
929:
822:
766:
740:Ranunculus urvilleanus
728:Grateloupia urvilleana
626:Louis-Isidore Duperrey
527:. In 1815, he married
32:Jules Dumont d'Urville
5457:Transglobe Expedition
5356:Operation Deep Freeze
4765:Challenger expedition
3631:Coppermine expedition
3152:Drifting ice stations
2595:Gurney, Alan (2000).
1736:French Naval Minister
1474:
1408:
1314:and the land beyond,
1277:Antarctic Convergence
1119:Ciudad Rey Don Felipe
1046:
1002:Second voyage of the
1001:
978:
920:
820:
756:
651:René-PrimevÚre Lesson
573:about its discovery.
160:French pronunciation:
89:Montparnasse Cemetery
5874:French Navy admirals
5859:Explorers of Oceania
1486:He is the author of
1420:and was awarded the
1233:Governor of Tasmania
1158:South Orkney Islands
953:due acknowledgment.
365:improve this article
274:Croisilles, Calvados
219:improve this section
5627:South magnetic pole
4293:Brusilov expedition
3402:Danish colonization
2840:North magnetic pole
2630:Taillemite, Ătienne
2474:on 28 December 2010
2446:catskillarchive.com
2350:on 13 November 2014
2284:on 13 November 2014
2258:on 13 November 2014
2202:on 13 November 2014
2067:on 10 November 2013
1697:North magnetic pole
1566:author abbreviation
1545:in New Zealand and
1334:South magnetic pole
1241:Franklin Expedition
1156:After reaching the
1105:Phillip Parker King
989:South Magnetic Pole
661:, on the coasts of
549:hydrographic survey
331:Ăcole polytechnique
257:Dumont was born at
5318:Operation Windmill
5299:Operation Highjump
4274:Rusanov expedition
4179:A. E. Nordenskiöld
3923:North East Passage
3727:McClure expedition
2700:Linda Hall Library
2674:on 24 January 2010
2133:, pages 22 and ff.
1672:Louis de Freycinet
1477:
1414:
1306:, and hoisted the
1069:Strait of Magellan
1054:
1007:
981:
933:father was aboard
930:
868:Santa Cruz Islands
823:
800:Marlborough Sounds
767:
738:and the buttercup
5831:
5830:
5827:
5826:
5823:
5822:
5285:Operation Tabarin
5147:Far Eastern Party
4993:Nimrod Expedition
4504:
4503:
4500:
4499:
4063:M. Pronchishcheva
3985:Siberian Cossacks
3454:Northwest Passage
2787:Research stations
2744:Polar exploration
2643:978-2-262-02222-8
2636:. Paris: Perrin.
2572:978 1 877578 70 0
2553:978-0-908988-71-6
2500:on 4 October 2010
2466:Ne pas utiliser.
2394:Astrolabe Glacier
2390:DĂ©barquement Rock
2375:, 1841 (plate of
2008:Taillemite (2008)
1996:978-1-4214-1052-4
1973:978-1-4587-7965-6
1409:Frontispiece to:
1198:Marquesas Islands
1162:Bransfield Strait
1089:Cape of Good Hope
1021:British Admiralty
968:Second voyage of
601:and promotion to
547:, to carry out a
535:In the Aegean Sea
525:Mediterranean Sea
441:
440:
433:
415:
259:Condé-sur-Noireau
255:
254:
247:
153:
152:
60:Condé-sur-Noireau
5911:
5332:Ronne Expedition
4817:
4811:
4675:Dumont d'Urville
4523:
4510:
4058:V. Pronchishchev
2765:
2752:
2737:
2730:
2723:
2714:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2656:
2647:
2625:
2616:
2591:
2588:Dumont d'Urville
2557:
2530:
2529:
2516:
2510:
2509:
2507:
2505:
2496:. Archived from
2490:
2484:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2470:. Archived from
2463:
2457:
2456:
2454:
2452:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2407:
2401:
2371:
2366:
2360:
2359:
2357:
2355:
2346:. Archived from
2340:
2334:
2333:
2331:
2329:
2319:
2313:
2305:
2300:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2289:
2280:. Archived from
2274:
2268:
2267:
2265:
2263:
2254:. Archived from
2244:
2238:
2234:
2229:
2223:
2218:
2212:
2211:
2209:
2207:
2198:. Archived from
2188:"{{in lang|fr}}
2184:
2178:
2170:
2165:
2159:
2158:
2140:
2134:
2121:Michael Morris,
2119:
2113:
2112:
2099:
2093:
2083:
2077:
2076:
2074:
2072:
2063:. Archived from
2049:
2040:
2039:
2037:
2035:
2020:
2011:
2005:
1999:
1984:
1978:
1977:
1957:
1951:
1950:
1948:
1946:
1941:on 17 March 2019
1937:. Archived from
1926:
1920:
1919:
1917:
1915:
1905:
1899:
1898:
1890:
1879:
1863:
1852:
1846:
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1766:
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1755:
1745:
1739:
1724:
1718:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1700:
1685:James Clark Ross
1681:
1675:
1664:
1658:
1638:
1632:
1630:
1619:
1613:
1603:
1584:
1574:
1573:
1572:
1556:which served in
1520:D'Urville Island
1496:D'Urville Island
1494:off Antarctica;
1454:railway disaster
1432:Death and legacy
1401:Return to France
1375:Auckland Islands
1328:
1308:French tricolour
1296:Dumoulin Islands
1281:Antarctic Circle
1182:Andersson Island
1029:Francis Beaufort
963:
876:Caroline Islands
854:(part of French
808:d'Urville Island
777:was renamed the
746:First voyage of
659:Falkland Islands
595:LĂ©gion d'honneur
436:
429:
425:
422:
416:
414:
373:
349:
341:
250:
243:
239:
236:
230:
199:
191:
183:in New Zealand.
181:d'Urville Island
166:
161:
105:
73:
56:
54:
42:
28:
5919:
5918:
5914:
5913:
5912:
5910:
5909:
5908:
5834:
5833:
5832:
5819:
5494:
5486:
5362:McMurdo Station
5231:Modern research
5229:
5217:
4952:O. Nordenskjöld
4815:
4809:
4804:
4720:Ross expedition
4544:
4517:
4496:
3925:
3917:
3458:Northern Canada
3456:
3448:
3301:
3293:
2799:
2791:
2759:
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2398:Pointe GĂ©ologie
2386:Wayback Machine
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2103:Martinic, Mateo
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1808:
1803:Wayback Machine
1790:
1787:
1783:
1778:Wayback Machine
1764:
1762:
1758:
1746:
1742:
1725:
1721:
1716:
1712:
1707:
1703:
1689:Francis Crozier
1682:
1678:
1665:
1661:
1639:
1635:
1628:
1620:
1616:
1611:
1604:
1600:
1595:
1590:
1585:
1570:
1569:
1568:
1563:
1516:Mount D'Urville
1502:in Antarctica;
1434:
1403:
1322:
1312:Pointe GĂ©ologie
1272:
1194:
1041:
973:
961:
872:Solomon Islands
852:Loyalty Islands
751:
736:Hebe urvilleana
695:
634:New South Wales
630:Napoleonic Wars
618:
545:Gauttier-Duparc
537:
437:
426:
420:
417:
374:
372:
362:
350:
339:
312:Encyclopédistes
251:
240:
234:
231:
216:
200:
189:
159:
91:
75:
71:
58:
52:
50:
33:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5917:
5915:
5907:
5906:
5901:
5896:
5891:
5886:
5881:
5876:
5871:
5866:
5861:
5856:
5851:
5846:
5836:
5835:
5829:
5828:
5825:
5824:
5821:
5820:
5818:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5801:
5800:
5795:
5783:
5782:
5781:
5779:Vostok Station
5769:
5764:
5759:
5754:
5749:
5744:
5739:
5734:
5733:
5732:
5730:Cherry-Garrard
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5695:
5694:
5693:
5686:
5681:
5676:
5671:
5666:
5661:
5647:
5646:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5623:
5622:
5621:
5616:
5611:
5606:
5594:
5593:
5592:
5580:
5579:
5578:
5570:Southern Cross
5566:
5565:
5564:
5551:
5550:
5549:
5536:
5531:
5530:
5529:
5516:
5515:
5514:
5500:
5498:
5492:Farthest South
5488:
5487:
5485:
5484:
5479:
5472:
5471:
5470:
5465:
5453:
5446:
5445:
5444:
5443:
5442:
5430:
5429:
5428:
5416:
5415:
5414:
5407:
5402:
5383:
5382:
5381:
5376:
5364:
5359:
5352:
5351:
5350:
5345:
5340:
5328:
5327:
5326:
5314:
5307:
5302:
5295:
5294:
5293:
5281:
5280:
5279:
5267:
5266:
5265:
5253:
5246:
5241:
5235:
5233:
5219:
5218:
5216:
5215:
5214:
5213:
5199:
5198:
5197:
5189:Ross Sea party
5185:
5176:
5175:
5174:
5169:
5164:
5150:
5143:
5142:
5141:
5136:
5121:
5116:
5115:
5114:
5109:
5104:
5099:
5094:
5089:
5075:
5074:
5073:
5066:
5059:
5054:
5040:
5039:
5038:
5026:
5025:
5024:
5019:
5005:
5004:
5003:
4989:
4982:
4981:
4980:
4973:
4961:
4960:
4959:
4954:
4949:
4935:
4934:
4933:
4928:
4914:
4913:
4912:
4907:
4893:
4892:
4891:
4886:
4883:Southern Cross
4876:Southern Cross
4872:
4871:
4870:
4865:
4860:
4855:
4850:
4845:
4840:
4835:
4820:
4818:
4806:
4805:
4803:
4802:
4801:
4800:
4788:
4787:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4761:
4756:
4755:
4754:
4741:
4735:
4716:
4715:
4714:
4701:
4700:
4699:
4694:
4679:
4678:
4677:
4665:
4660:
4655:
4650:
4645:
4640:
4639:
4638:
4626:
4625:
4624:
4622:Bellingshausen
4612:
4605:
4600:
4599:
4598:
4585:
4584:
4583:
4570:
4565:
4560:
4554:
4552:
4546:
4545:
4543:
4542:
4537:
4532:
4526:
4519:
4518:
4513:
4506:
4505:
4502:
4501:
4498:
4497:
4495:
4494:
4493:
4492:
4481:
4469:
4464:
4457:
4450:
4449:
4448:
4436:
4435:
4434:
4422:
4421:
4420:
4408:
4407:
4406:
4394:
4389:
4384:
4383:
4382:
4370:
4369:
4368:
4354:
4353:
4352:
4330:
4325:
4320:
4319:
4318:
4313:
4308:
4303:
4289:
4288:
4287:
4282:
4270:
4265:
4264:
4263:
4258:
4253:
4248:
4234:
4233:
4232:
4218:
4217:
4216:
4211:
4206:
4188:
4187:
4186:
4181:
4166:
4165:
4164:
4159:
4147:
4142:
4137:
4132:
4127:
4122:
4117:
4112:
4107:
4102:
4097:
4092:
4087:
4082:
4081:
4080:
4075:
4070:
4065:
4060:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4040:
4035:
4023:
4018:
4013:
4008:
4003:
3998:
3993:
3988:
3981:
3976:
3971:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3931:
3929:
3927:Russian Arctic
3919:
3918:
3916:
3915:
3910:
3909:
3908:
3894:
3893:
3892:
3887:
3873:
3868:
3867:
3866:
3852:
3851:
3850:
3838:
3837:
3836:
3823:
3822:
3821:
3809:
3808:
3807:
3802:
3787:
3786:
3785:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3757:
3756:
3751:
3743:
3738:
3723:
3718:
3717:
3716:
3711:
3699:
3694:
3693:
3692:
3684:
3669:
3668:
3667:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3627:
3622:
3617:
3616:
3615:
3602:
3601:
3600:
3587:
3586:
3585:
3572:
3567:
3562:
3557:
3556:
3555:
3542:
3541:
3540:
3527:
3522:
3517:
3516:
3515:
3510:
3498:
3493:
3488:
3483:
3478:
3473:
3468:
3462:
3460:
3450:
3449:
3447:
3446:
3441:
3436:
3435:
3434:
3429:
3417:
3412:
3411:
3410:
3398:
3397:
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3369:
3364:
3362:SnÊbjörn galti
3359:
3354:
3347:
3342:
3337:
3332:
3325:
3318:
3313:
3307:
3305:
3295:
3294:
3292:
3291:
3290:
3289:
3284:
3279:
3264:
3257:
3247:
3242:
3237:
3229:
3219:
3218:
3217:
3212:
3198:
3191:
3184:
3183:
3182:
3177:
3172:
3167:
3155:
3148:
3147:
3146:
3141:
3136:
3124:
3123:
3122:
3108:
3099:
3098:
3097:
3092:
3087:
3082:
3077:
3063:
3058:
3053:
3052:
3051:
3046:
3031:
3026:
3025:
3024:
3012:
3011:
3010:
2998:
2997:
2996:
2991:
2986:
2981:
2963:
2962:
2961:
2956:
2951:
2939:
2938:
2937:
2932:
2927:
2919:
2914:
2899:
2898:
2897:
2892:
2887:
2870:
2869:
2868:
2863:
2858:
2853:
2848:
2836:
2831:
2826:
2821:
2816:
2811:
2805:
2803:
2797:Farthest North
2793:
2792:
2790:
2789:
2784:
2779:
2774:
2768:
2761:
2760:
2755:
2748:
2747:
2742:
2740:
2739:
2732:
2725:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2692:Dumont (1833)
2690:
2684:
2662:
2661:External links
2659:
2658:
2657:
2648:
2642:
2626:
2617:
2611:
2592:
2583:
2558:
2552:
2537:
2534:
2532:
2531:
2511:
2485:
2458:
2433:
2426:
2402:
2361:
2335:
2314:
2295:
2269:
2239:
2224:
2213:
2192:(plate 171 of
2179:
2160:
2153:
2135:
2114:
2094:
2078:
2041:
2012:
2010:, p. 243.
2000:
1979:
1972:
1952:
1921:
1900:
1885:, ed. (1911).
1883:Chisholm, Hugh
1873:
1871:
1868:
1865:
1864:
1847:
1837:
1823:
1806:
1781:
1756:
1740:
1719:
1710:
1701:
1693:Charles Wilkes
1676:
1659:
1633:
1614:
1612:(Guillon 1986)
1597:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1589:
1586:
1581:botanical name
1562:
1528:Champs-ĂlysĂ©es
1504:D'Urville Wall
1433:
1430:
1402:
1399:
1349:Charles Wilkes
1271:
1268:
1245:Charles Wilkes
1193:
1190:
1178:Rosamel Island
1100:Rio de Janeiro
1040:
1037:
985:Louis Philippe
972:
966:
834:Bay of Islands
750:
744:
715:François Arago
711:Georges Cuvier
694:
691:
645:Adélie penguin
617:
611:
571:Constantinople
569:ambassador to
536:
533:
439:
438:
353:
351:
344:
338:
335:
301:lycée Impérial
263:Lower Normandy
253:
252:
203:
201:
194:
188:
185:
151:
150:
147:
143:
142:
137:
133:
132:
125:
121:
120:
115:
111:
110:
107:
101:
100:
97:
93:
92:
87:
85:
81:
80:
74:(aged 51)
68:
64:
63:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
31:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5916:
5905:
5902:
5900:
5897:
5895:
5892:
5890:
5887:
5885:
5882:
5880:
5877:
5875:
5872:
5870:
5867:
5865:
5862:
5860:
5857:
5855:
5852:
5850:
5847:
5845:
5842:
5841:
5839:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5799:
5796:
5794:
5791:
5790:
5789:
5788:
5784:
5780:
5777:
5776:
5775:
5774:
5770:
5768:
5765:
5763:
5760:
5758:
5755:
5753:
5750:
5748:
5745:
5743:
5740:
5738:
5735:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5702:
5701:
5700:
5696:
5692:
5691:
5687:
5685:
5682:
5680:
5677:
5675:
5672:
5670:
5667:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5659:
5655:
5654:
5653:
5652:
5648:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5630:
5629:
5628:
5624:
5620:
5617:
5615:
5612:
5610:
5607:
5605:
5602:
5601:
5600:
5599:
5595:
5591:
5588:
5587:
5586:
5585:
5581:
5577:
5574:
5573:
5572:
5571:
5567:
5563:
5560:
5559:
5558:
5557:
5552:
5548:
5545:
5544:
5543:
5542:
5537:
5535:
5532:
5528:
5525:
5524:
5523:
5522:
5517:
5513:
5510:
5509:
5508:
5507:
5502:
5501:
5499:
5497:
5493:
5489:
5483:
5480:
5478:
5477:
5473:
5469:
5466:
5464:
5461:
5460:
5459:
5458:
5454:
5452:
5451:
5447:
5441:
5438:
5437:
5436:
5435:
5431:
5427:
5424:
5423:
5422:
5421:
5417:
5413:
5412:
5408:
5406:
5403:
5401:
5398:
5397:
5396:
5395:
5391:
5390:
5389:
5388:
5384:
5380:
5377:
5375:
5372:
5371:
5370:
5369:
5365:
5363:
5360:
5358:
5357:
5353:
5349:
5346:
5344:
5341:
5339:
5336:
5335:
5334:
5333:
5329:
5325:
5322:
5321:
5320:
5319:
5315:
5313:
5312:
5308:
5306:
5303:
5301:
5300:
5296:
5292:
5289:
5288:
5287:
5286:
5282:
5278:
5275:
5274:
5273:
5272:
5268:
5264:
5261:
5260:
5259:
5258:
5254:
5252:
5251:
5247:
5245:
5242:
5240:
5237:
5236:
5234:
5232:
5228:
5224:
5220:
5212:
5211:
5207:
5206:
5205:
5204:
5200:
5196:
5193:
5192:
5191:
5190:
5186:
5184:
5183:
5182:
5177:
5173:
5170:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5162:
5158:
5157:
5156:
5155:
5151:
5149:
5148:
5144:
5140:
5137:
5135:
5134:
5129:
5128:
5127:
5126:
5122:
5120:
5117:
5113:
5110:
5108:
5105:
5103:
5100:
5098:
5095:
5093:
5090:
5088:
5087:
5083:
5082:
5081:
5080:
5076:
5072:
5071:
5067:
5065:
5064:
5060:
5058:
5055:
5053:
5052:
5048:
5047:
5046:
5045:
5041:
5037:
5034:
5033:
5032:
5031:
5027:
5023:
5020:
5018:
5017:
5013:
5012:
5011:
5010:
5006:
5002:
5001:
4997:
4996:
4995:
4994:
4990:
4988:
4987:
4983:
4979:
4978:
4974:
4972:
4969:
4968:
4967:
4966:
4962:
4958:
4955:
4953:
4950:
4948:
4947:
4943:
4942:
4941:
4940:
4936:
4932:
4929:
4927:
4926:
4922:
4921:
4920:
4919:
4915:
4911:
4910:Discovery Hut
4908:
4906:
4905:
4901:
4900:
4899:
4898:
4894:
4890:
4887:
4885:
4884:
4880:
4879:
4878:
4877:
4873:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4859:
4856:
4854:
4851:
4849:
4846:
4844:
4841:
4839:
4836:
4834:
4833:
4829:
4828:
4827:
4826:
4822:
4821:
4819:
4814:
4807:
4799:
4796:
4795:
4794:
4793:
4789:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4774:
4769:
4768:
4767:
4766:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4752:
4748:
4747:
4742:
4739:
4736:
4734:
4730:
4729:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4721:
4717:
4713:
4710:
4709:
4708:
4707:
4702:
4698:
4695:
4693:
4692:
4687:
4686:
4685:
4684:
4680:
4676:
4673:
4672:
4671:
4670:
4666:
4664:
4661:
4659:
4656:
4654:
4651:
4649:
4646:
4644:
4641:
4637:
4634:
4633:
4632:
4631:
4627:
4623:
4620:
4619:
4618:
4617:
4613:
4611:
4610:
4606:
4604:
4601:
4597:
4594:
4593:
4592:
4591:
4586:
4582:
4579:
4578:
4577:
4576:
4571:
4569:
4566:
4564:
4561:
4559:
4556:
4555:
4553:
4551:
4547:
4541:
4538:
4536:
4533:
4531:
4528:
4527:
4524:
4520:
4516:
4511:
4507:
4491:
4488:
4486:
4482:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4474:
4473:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4463:
4462:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4451:
4447:
4444:
4443:
4442:
4441:
4440:A. Sibiryakov
4437:
4433:
4430:
4429:
4428:
4427:
4423:
4419:
4416:
4415:
4414:
4413:
4412:Glavsevmorput
4409:
4405:
4402:
4401:
4400:
4399:
4395:
4393:
4390:
4388:
4385:
4381:
4378:
4377:
4376:
4375:
4371:
4367:
4364:
4363:
4362:
4361:
4360:
4355:
4351:
4348:
4347:
4346:
4345:
4344:
4338:
4337:
4336:
4331:
4329:
4326:
4324:
4321:
4317:
4314:
4312:
4309:
4307:
4304:
4302:
4301:
4297:
4296:
4295:
4294:
4290:
4286:
4283:
4281:
4278:
4277:
4276:
4275:
4271:
4269:
4266:
4262:
4259:
4257:
4254:
4252:
4249:
4247:
4244:
4243:
4242:
4241:
4240:
4235:
4231:
4228:
4227:
4226:
4225:
4224:
4219:
4215:
4212:
4210:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4199:
4198:
4197:
4196:
4194:
4189:
4185:
4182:
4180:
4177:
4176:
4175:
4174:
4172:
4167:
4163:
4160:
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2128:
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2029:teara.govt.nz
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2019:
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1564:The standard
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1555:
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1533:
1529:
1525:
1521:
1517:
1514:, Indonesia;
1513:
1509:
1508:David Glacier
1505:
1501:
1497:
1493:
1492:D'Urville Sea
1489:
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1388:
1384:
1383:Torres Strait
1380:
1376:
1371:
1369:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1355:
1350:
1347:commanded by
1346:
1342:
1339:
1335:
1330:
1326:
1321:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1304:Cape Géodésie
1301:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1270:Turning south
1269:
1267:
1265:
1261:
1257:
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1248:
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1238:
1234:
1230:
1229:John Franklin
1226:
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1199:
1191:
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1167:
1163:
1159:
1154:
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1139:
1134:
1132:
1128:
1127:French colony
1124:
1120:
1115:
1113:
1112:
1106:
1101:
1097:
1092:
1090:
1086:
1082:
1078:
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1066:
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1058:
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1045:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1025:oceanographer
1022:
1017:
1013:
1005:
1000:
996:
994:
993:James Weddell
990:
986:
977:
971:
967:
965:
960:
954:
952:
948:
945:and even the
944:
938:
936:
927:
923:
919:
915:
913:
909:
908:
903:
902:
897:
896:mineralogical
893:
889:
885:
881:
877:
873:
869:
865:
861:
857:
856:New Caledonia
853:
849:
845:
841:
839:
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831:
827:
819:
815:
813:
809:
805:
801:
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733:
729:
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724:
718:
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712:
708:
704:
700:
692:
690:
688:
684:
680:
676:
672:
668:
664:
660:
656:
653:travelled on
652:
648:
646:
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635:
631:
627:
623:
616:
612:
610:
608:
604:
600:
596:
592:
588:
583:
578:
576:
572:
566:
564:
563:
562:Venus de Milo
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
534:
532:
530:
526:
522:
517:
515:
511:
507:
503:
499:
495:
489:
487:
486:
482:on board the
481:
477:
472:
470:
466:
462:
458:
453:
450:
446:
435:
432:
424:
413:
410:
406:
403:
399:
396:
392:
389:
385:
382: â
381:
377:
376:Find sources:
370:
366:
360:
359:
354:This section
352:
348:
343:
342:
336:
334:
332:
327:
325:
321:
317:
313:
308:
306:
302:
298:
294:
290:
286:
282:
277:
275:
270:
268:
264:
260:
249:
246:
238:
228:
224:
220:
214:
213:
209:
204:This section
202:
198:
193:
192:
186:
184:
182:
178:
174:
173:naval officer
170:
165:
157:
148:
144:
141:
138:
134:
131:
130:
126:
122:
119:
116:
112:
108:
102:
98:
94:
90:
86:
82:
78:
69:
65:
61:
49:
45:
41:
36:
29:
26:
22:
5785:
5773:Pole of Cold
5771:
5697:
5688:
5656:
5649:
5625:
5596:
5582:
5576:Borchgrevink
5568:
5555:
5540:
5520:
5505:
5474:
5455:
5448:
5432:
5418:
5409:
5392:
5385:
5366:
5354:
5330:
5316:
5309:
5297:
5283:
5269:
5255:
5248:
5209:
5201:
5187:
5180:
5178:
5160:
5152:
5145:
5132:
5123:
5085:
5077:
5068:
5061:
5049:
5042:
5028:
5016:Pourquoi-Pas
5015:
5007:
4999:
4991:
4986:Orcadas Base
4984:
4976:
4963:
4957:C. A. Larsen
4945:
4937:
4923:
4916:
4903:
4895:
4889:Borchgrevink
4882:
4874:
4831:
4823:
4798:C. A. Larsen
4791:
4772:
4763:
4745:
4727:
4718:
4705:
4690:
4681:
4674:
4668:
4629:
4615:
4608:
4589:
4574:
4484:
4477:
4460:
4453:
4439:
4424:
4410:
4397:
4372:
4358:
4356:
4342:
4340:
4334:
4332:
4298:
4291:
4272:
4238:
4236:
4222:
4220:
4202:
4192:
4190:
4170:
4168:
4149:
4025:
3983:
3966:
3934:
3898:
3896:
3876:
3875:
3855:
3854:
3840:
3827:
3812:
3798:
3789:
3776:
3747:
3735:Investigator
3734:
3725:
3701:
3688:
3680:
3671:
3658:
3629:
3606:
3591:
3576:
3546:
3531:
3501:
3420:
3400:
3371:
3367:Erik the Red
3349:
3327:
3320:
3277:submersibles
3274:
3268:Arktika 2007
3266:
3259:
3252:
3249:
3233:
3224:
3221:
3202:
3200:
3193:
3186:
3157:
3150:
3126:
3112:
3111:
3103:
3101:
3067:
3065:
3036:
3033:
3022:S. A. Andrée
3014:
3001:
2976:
2968:
2965:
2941:
2923:
2910:
2901:
2883:
2874:
2872:
2838:
2703:
2694:
2676:. Retrieved
2672:the original
2655:(in French).
2652:
2633:
2621:
2597:
2587:
2563:
2543:
2524:
2514:
2502:. Retrieved
2498:the original
2488:
2476:. Retrieved
2472:the original
2461:
2449:. Retrieved
2445:
2436:
2412:
2405:
2397:
2376:
2372:
2364:
2352:. Retrieved
2348:the original
2338:
2326:. Retrieved
2317:
2306:
2298:
2286:. Retrieved
2282:the original
2272:
2260:. Retrieved
2256:the original
2249:
2242:
2227:
2216:
2204:. Retrieved
2200:the original
2193:
2189:
2182:
2171:
2163:
2144:
2138:
2122:
2117:
2107:
2097:
2081:
2069:. Retrieved
2065:the original
2060:
2054:
2032:. Retrieved
2028:
2003:
1987:
1982:
1962:
1955:
1943:. Retrieved
1939:the original
1934:
1924:
1912:. Retrieved
1903:
1892:
1877:
1856:Adele Island
1850:
1840:
1833:Terre Adélie
1832:
1826:
1818:
1814:
1809:
1793:
1784:
1768:
1759:
1752:
1748:
1747:38 cases on
1743:
1722:
1713:
1704:
1679:
1667:
1662:
1642:
1636:
1626:
1617:
1601:
1558:World War II
1551:
1543:Pepin Island
1540:
1487:
1485:
1481:Montparnasse
1478:
1466:phrenologist
1461:
1444:the train's
1435:
1425:
1418:rear admiral
1415:
1410:
1395:Saint Helena
1378:
1372:
1366:
1359:
1340:
1331:
1316:Terre Adélie
1289:
1273:
1263:
1259:
1251:
1249:
1222:
1195:
1180:(now called
1177:
1168:(now called
1165:
1155:
1145:
1141:
1135:
1116:
1110:
1093:
1081:penal colony
1060:
1056:
1055:
1047:
1015:
1011:
1008:
1003:
982:
969:
958:
955:
950:
939:
934:
931:
925:
905:
899:
883:
866:(one of the
843:
842:
830:North Island
825:
824:
796:South Island
791:
789:
779:
774:
770:
768:
747:
739:
735:
734:; the shrub
731:
727:
721:
719:
702:
698:
696:
682:
654:
649:
638:
621:
619:
614:
586:
579:
574:
567:
560:
540:
538:
518:
490:
483:
473:
465:Grande Armée
454:
445:Ăcole navale
442:
427:
421:October 2022
418:
408:
401:
394:
387:
375:
363:Please help
358:verification
355:
328:
316:Bougainville
309:
300:
278:
271:
256:
241:
235:October 2022
232:
217:Please help
205:
155:
154:
128:
118:Rear Admiral
72:(1842-05-08)
25:
5894:Graham Land
5849:1842 deaths
5844:1790 births
5476:Lake Vostok
5426:Tryoshnikov
5348:Schlossbach
5239:Christensen
5181:James Caird
5102:E. R. Evans
4868:Dobrowolski
4838:de Gerlache
4540:Expeditions
4426:Aviaarktika
4380:Samoylovich
4251:Kolomeitsev
4145:Middendorff
4105:Gedenshtrom
3525:I. Fyodorov
3287:Chilingarov
3175:E. Fyodorov
2782:Expeditions
2525: d'Urv
2504:6 September
2478:6 September
2370:(in French)
2304:(in French)
2233:(in French)
2169:(in French)
2071:10 November
1945:13 February
1791:(in French)
1765:(in French)
1629:(in French)
1547:Adélie Land
1323: [
1206:East Indies
1170:Graham Land
1085:East Indies
1065:Weddell Sea
935:La Coquille
806:and mapped
804:French Pass
775:La Coquille
771:La Coquille
703:La Coquille
671:New Zealand
529:AdĂšle Pepin
514:observatory
457:French navy
140:AdĂšle Pepin
57:23 May 1790
5838:Categories
5699:Terra Nova
5604:Shackleton
5547:J. C. Ross
5506:Resolution
5496:South Pole
5271:New Swabia
5195:Mackintosh
5167:Shackleton
5086:Terra Nova
5079:Terra Nova
4813:Heroic Age
4773:Challenger
4733:J. C. Ross
4643:Bransfield
4575:Resolution
4490:icebreaker
4454:Chelyuskin
4195:expedition
4173:Expedition
4115:Matyushkin
4073:Kh. Laptev
4068:Chelyuskin
3962:Heemskerck
3952:Chancellor
3947:Willoughby
3942:Koch boats
3885:Stefansson
3819:McClintock
3783:Inglefield
3625:J. C. Ross
3532:Resolution
3384:Cunningham
3282:Sagalevich
2971:expedition
2930:Stephenson
2890:C. F. Hall
2877:expedition
2851:J. C. Ross
2814:Heemskerck
2801:North Pole
2536:References
2451:30 January
2427:0520025571
2400:on the map
2328:18 January
2034:30 January
1914:18 January
1751:and 20 on
1512:Irian Jaya
1446:locomotive
1438:Versailles
1354:James Ross
1218:ValparaĂso
1186:Talcahuano
901:Micronesia
888:zoological
860:New Guinea
812:James Cook
785:La PĂ©rouse
759:La PĂ©rouse
723:Durvillaea
693:Collection
675:New Guinea
613:Voyage of
609:in Paris.
603:lieutenant
506:entomology
469:Royal Navy
391:newspapers
297:philosophy
281:Croisilles
177:Antarctica
96:Allegiance
70:8 May 1842
53:1790-05-23
5798:Tolstikov
5584:Discovery
5554:HMS
5539:HMS
5521:Adventure
5519:HMS
5504:HMS
5440:Tolstikov
5161:Endurance
4946:Antarctic
4931:Drygalski
4904:Discovery
4897:Discovery
4858:Arctowski
4771:HMS
4744:HMS
4738:Abernethy
4726:HMS
4704:USS
4691:Vincennes
4689:USS
4669:Astrolabe
4609:San Telmo
4590:Adventure
4588:HMS
4573:HMS
4568:Kerguelen
4530:Continent
4515:Antarctic
4392:Urvantsev
4350:Vilkitsky
4203:Jeannette
4201:USS
4193:Jeannette
4157:Weyprecht
4135:Pakhtusov
4085:Chichagov
4078:D. Laptev
4021:Permyakov
3996:Stadukhin
3991:Perfilyev
3968:Mangazeya
3906:H. Larsen
3871:Rasmussen
3826:HMS
3797:USS
3746:HMS
3733:HMS
3697:Collinson
3687:HMS
3679:HMS
3657:HMS
3605:HMS
3590:HMS
3575:HMS
3560:Mackenzie
3547:Discovery
3545:HMS
3530:HMS
3502:Discovery
3481:Frobisher
3444:Rasmussen
3357:Gunnbjörn
3303:Greenland
3232:USS
3223:USS
3095:Ellsworth
3037:Roosevelt
2967:Nansen's
2924:Discovery
2922:HMS
2909:HMS
2856:Abernethy
2824:Marmaduke
2678:5 January
2055:Astrolabe
1870:Citations
1753:Astrolabe
1647:roadstead
1643:Estafette
1462:Astrolabe
1260:Astrolabe
1252:Astrolabe
1214:dysentery
1202:Nuku Hiva
1142:Astrolabe
1109:HMS
1057:Astrolabe
1049:Astrolabe
1012:Astrolabe
1004:Astrolabe
970:Astrolabe
959:Astrolabe
951:Astrolabe
926:Astrolabe
912:Polynesia
907:Melanesia
892:botanical
884:Astrolabe
844:Astrolabe
826:Astrolabe
792:Astrolabe
780:Astrolabe
748:Astrolabe
687:commander
679:Australia
622:Chevrette
593:) of the
587:Chevalier
575:Chevrette
541:Chevrette
498:Melanesia
494:Polynesia
206:does not
187:Childhood
146:Relations
136:Spouse(s)
129:Astrolabe
5810:A. Fuchs
5767:V. Fuchs
5747:McKinley
5710:E. Evans
5669:Bjaaland
5664:Amundsen
5614:Marshall
5527:Furneaux
5379:V. Fuchs
5343:E. Ronne
5338:F. Ronne
5277:Ritscher
5131:SY
5119:Filchner
5063:Framheim
5057:Amundsen
4863:RacoviÈÄ
4848:Amundsen
4843:Lecointe
4712:Ringgold
4706:Porpoise
4596:Furneaux
4432:Shevelev
4387:Begichev
4366:Amundsen
4328:NagĂłrski
4306:Brusilov
4300:Sv. Anna
4214:Melville
4184:Palander
4140:Tsivolko
4100:Sannikov
4095:Billings
4038:Chirikov
3957:Barentsz
3899:St. Roch
3890:Bartlett
3864:Amundsen
3848:Sverdrup
3748:Resolute
3637:Franklin
3565:Kotzebue
3432:Sverdrup
3415:Scoresby
3389:Lindenov
3240:Plaisted
3225:Nautilus
3170:Shirshov
3144:Belyakov
3139:Baydukov
3113:Nautilus
3075:Amundsen
3035:SS
2994:Sverdrup
2989:Johansen
2959:Brainard
2954:Lockwood
2809:Barentsz
2632:(2008).
2382:Archived
2354:19 March
2308:vaisseau
2288:19 March
2262:19 March
2206:19 March
2173:vaisseau
2105:(1977).
1799:Archived
1774:Archived
1379:Porpoise
1341:Porpoise
1338:schooner
1210:Tasmania
1150:pack ice
1096:Tenerife
880:Moluccas
878:and the
864:Vanikoro
846:visited
810:, which
790:The new
763:Vanikoro
699:Coquille
683:Coquille
655:Coquille
639:Coquille
615:Coquille
510:Provence
461:Napoleon
293:rhetoric
169:explorer
124:Commands
104:Service/
79:, France
62:, France
5815:Messner
5762:Hillary
5742:Balchen
5690:Polheim
5684:Wisting
5562:Crozier
5534:Weddell
5512:J. Cook
5482:Kapitsa
5463:Fiennes
5405:Klenova
5374:Hillary
5324:Ketchum
5250:BANZARE
5225:·
5070:Polheim
5036:Shirase
5022:Charcot
4832:Belgica
4751:Crozier
4663:Morrell
4658:Weddell
4636:Lazarev
4581:J. Cook
4535:History
4485:Arktika
4461:Krassin
4446:Voronin
4418:Schmidt
4404:Ushakov
4343:Vaygach
4311:Albanov
4280:Rusanov
4261:Kolchak
4256:Matisen
4230:Makarov
4209:De Long
4110:Wrangel
4090:Lyakhov
4043:Malygin
4001:Dezhnev
3828:Pandora
3799:Advance
3766:Kennedy
3761:Belcher
3754:Kellett
3741:McClure
3665:Beechey
3659:Blossom
3652:Simpson
3620:Crozier
3613:Hoppner
3570:J. Ross
3538:J. Cook
3486:Gilbert
3379:J. Hall
3345:IngĂłlfr
3335:Naddodd
3329:Vikings
3316:Brendan
3311:Pytheas
3299:Iceland
3253:Arktika
3245:Herbert
3210:Badygin
3180:Krenkel
3165:Papanin
3134:Chkalov
3120:Wilkins
3085:Wisting
3029:F. Cook
2935:Markham
2895:Bessels
2884:Polaris
2875:Polaris
2846:J. Ross
2829:Carolus
2777:History
2418:176-177
2396:called
1645:in the
1610:ideas")
1530:in the
1506:on the
1498:in the
1391:RĂ©union
1343:of the
1235:and an
1192:Pacific
1172:), the
1138:iceberg
557:peasant
485:Suffren
405:scholar
267:Bailiff
227:removed
212:sources
5725:Bowers
5720:Wilson
5679:Hassel
5674:Helmer
5643:Mackay
5633:Mawson
5598:Nimrod
5556:Terror
5541:Erebus
5468:Burton
5263:Rymill
5139:Mawson
5133:Aurora
5112:Lashly
5097:Wilson
5000:Nimrod
4977:Scotia
4784:Murray
4759:Cooper
4746:Terror
4728:Erebus
4697:Wilkes
4648:Palmer
4616:Vostok
4563:Bouvet
4487:-class
4467:Gakkel
4335:Taymyr
4316:Konrad
4285:Kuchin
4223:Yermak
4130:Lavrov
4048:Ovtsyn
4033:Bering
4011:Ivanov
3974:Hudson
3936:Pomors
3913:Cowper
3878:Karluk
3777:Isabel
3771:Bellot
3721:Austin
3689:Terror
3681:Erebus
3577:Griper
3553:Clerke
3513:Baffin
3496:Hudson
3427:Nansen
3340:GarĂ°ar
3261:Barneo
3128:ANT-25
3104:Italia
3080:Nobile
3049:Henson
3008:Amedeo
2984:Nansen
2949:Greely
2819:Hudson
2757:Arctic
2640:
2609:
2578:
2570:
2550:
2424:
2151:
2129:
2089:
1994:
1970:
1845:Pole!â
1668:Uranie
1655:Smyrna
1651:consul
1577:citing
1571:d'Urv.
1464:and a
1450:tender
1442:Meudon
1367:Erebus
1360:Terror
1256:whaler
1237:Arctic
1225:Hobart
1111:Beagle
1077:Hobart
677:, and
607:Louvre
591:knight
582:Sultan
502:botany
480:Toulon
476:ensign
407:
400:
393:
386:
378:
106:branch
99:France
84:Buried
77:Meudon
5805:Crary
5752:Dufek
5715:Oates
5705:Scott
5638:David
5619:Adams
5590:Barne
5411:Mirny
5400:Somov
5210:Quest
5107:Crean
5092:Scott
4971:Bruce
4925:Gauss
4918:Gauss
4792:Jason
4779:Nares
4653:Davis
4630:Mirny
4603:Smith
4558:Roché
4478:Lenin
4398:Sadko
4323:Wiese
4268:Sedov
4239:Zarya
4162:Payer
4125:Litke
4120:Anjou
4053:Minin
4016:Vagin
4006:Popov
3979:Poole
3834:Young
3647:Dease
3592:Hecla
3583:Parry
3508:Bylot
3491:Davis
3466:Cabot
3439:Peary
3421:Jason
3408:Egede
3322:Papar
3234:Skate
3215:Wiese
3195:NP-37
3188:NP-36
3068:Norge
3056:Sedov
3044:Peary
3002:Jason
2917:Nares
2911:Alert
2866:Hayes
2834:Parry
2772:Ocean
1935:TEARA
1819:Zélée
1749:Zélée
1593:Notes
1554:sloop
1387:Timor
1327:]
1292:islet
1264:Zelée
1146:Zélée
1073:Chile
1061:Zélée
1016:Zélée
983:King
962:'
922:MÄori
838:Tonga
663:Chile
553:Milos
449:Brest
412:JSTOR
398:books
324:Anson
289:Greek
285:Latin
5737:Byrd
5658:Fram
5609:Wild
5291:Marr
5257:BGLE
5244:Byrd
5172:Wild
5051:Fram
4853:Cook
4374:AARI
4359:Maud
4246:Toll
4171:Vega
3857:GjĂža
3842:Fram
3805:Kane
3642:Back
3607:Fury
3598:Lyon
3520:Munk
3159:NP-1
3061:Byrd
2978:Fram
2969:Fram
2861:Kane
2707:here
2680:2007
2638:ISBN
2607:ISBN
2576:ISBN
2568:ISBN
2548:ISBN
2506:2010
2480:2010
2453:2023
2422:ISBN
2356:2012
2330:2015
2290:2012
2264:2012
2208:2012
2149:ISBN
2127:ISBN
2087:ISBN
2073:2013
2036:2023
1992:ISBN
1968:ISBN
1947:2020
1916:2015
1687:and
1536:Caen
1365:HMS
1363:and
1358:HMS
1275:the
1262:and
1176:and
1144:and
1059:and
1014:and
947:King
904:and
894:and
848:Fiji
713:and
667:Peru
665:and
521:Elba
504:and
496:and
384:news
322:and
320:Cook
305:Caen
295:and
210:any
208:cite
171:and
114:Rank
109:Navy
67:Died
47:Born
5434:3rd
5420:2nd
5394:1st
5227:IGY
5223:IPY
3813:Fox
3709:Rae
3275:Mir
3251:NS
2603:320
1653:to
1607:lay
1208:to
1107:in
1023:'s
697:On
463:'s
447:at
367:by
303:in
261:in
221:by
5840::
4339:/
2605:.
2522:.
2444:.
2420:.
2059:.
2044:^
2027:.
2015:^
1933:.
1891:.
1862:).
1821:).
1734:,
1579:a
1560:.
1538:.
1468:.
1393:,
1389:,
1385:,
1370:.
1325:fr
1231:,
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1133:.
1027:,
914:.
890:,
882:.
840:.
742:.
689:.
673:,
516:.
318:,
307:.
291:,
287:,
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4753:)
4749:(
4740:)
4731:(
2736:e
2729:t
2722:v
2709:.
2682:.
2646:.
2615:.
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2556:.
2528:.
2508:.
2482:.
2455:.
2430:.
2358:.
2332:.
2312:.
2292:.
2266:.
2210:.
2177:.
2157:.
2075:.
2057:"
2053:"
2038:.
1998:.
1976:.
1949:.
1918:.
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1738:.
1699:.
1657:.
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765:.
589:(
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428:(
423:)
419:(
409:·
402:·
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