271:. In return, the French government exercised a certain leniency: he was allowed to travel to France several times without being arrested, and was eventually allowed to return to France permanently. For a while he worked in the French government's statistical office. Some of his fellow republicans thought ill of him for this; Holyoake even accused him of being a Bonapartist police spy, but this was not true. On his return he rekindled his connections with the Saint-Simonians. His various co-operative projects, his voyages and his spell of exile had decimated his fortune, and he spent his later years in financial difficulty. He died of an
226:. Around this time he began to distance himself somewhat from orthodox Fourierism. The Fourierists had always insisted that they did not want to abolish private property, but merely to organise it. Under Proudhon's influence, Lechevalier seems to have contemplated replacing the absolute right of property with a conditional right of usufructure. Going even further than Proudhon, who opposed communism (i.e., collectivisation of property), Lechevalier declared: "Socialism is communism in transition; communism is its logical and necessary end." For this he was given a citation by the police.
267:. In the late 1850s, the Second Empire became more liberal. At bottom, Lechevalier had always regarded politics as secondary to social organisation; as he had hoped for social reform from the constitutional monarchy of Louis Philippe, so, in later years, he came to hope for social reform from the Bonapartist empire. He began to write favourable articles about the
107:, the Fourierist. Lechevalier joined the Saint-Simonians in 1826 and was a very effective propagandist on their behalf. Reportedly it was Lechevalier's relationship with an actress, frowned upon by some of the Saint-Simonians but endorsed by Enfantin, which prompted Enfantin to proclaim the doctrine of
278:
Lechevalier wrote extensively on sociological, economic, anthropological and political topics. Long a forgotten figure of nineteenth century socialism, he has recently attracted some scholarly interest. He has been credited with being a forerunner of the French welfare system, a pioneer of
169:, advancing plans for slave emancipation that invoked the Fourierist idea of association, although some historians have seen his activities as overly conciliatory to the colonial planters' interests. Lechevalier also explored the prospects of setting up model Fourierist settlements, or
238:
to the presidency and participated in an anti-Bonapartist demonstration on 13 June, organised by
Considerant. The uprising was put down, and Lechevalier went into hiding, escaping to Britain. After the coup of 2 December 1852, Bonaparte proclaimed himself
247:. In Britain, Lechevalier participated in the co-operative and trade union movements and wrote a book about the prospects of co-operative communities there. He was also involved in setting up consumers' association. Lechevalier at first worked with the
431:
360:, ed. Serge Daget, II, (Nantes, 1985), 603-626 and Lawrence C. Jennings, "Associative Socialism and Slave Emancipation in French Guiana, 1839-1848," Revue française d'histoire d'outre mer, t. 88, no.330-331: 2001, 167-188.
470:
Jack
Hayward, “From Utopian Socialism, via Abolitionism to the Colonisation of French Guiana: Jules Lechevalier’s West Indian Fiasco, 1833-1844,” in De la traite à l’esclavage, ed. Serge Daget, II, (Nantes, 1985),
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Lechevalier was not averse to religious influences and has been cited as an influence on
Catholic 'integralist' social doctrine. However, the Christian socialists thought him to be insufficiently motivated by
428:
290:." (There is all the lucidity of a Max Havelaar in Jules Lechevalier's analysis of colonialism, of which he is by birth the prodigal son.) -- Jean-Philippe Brun, 'Jules Lechevalier (1806-1862).'
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international development theory and of community microeconomics. He also wrote extensively on finance and the organisation of credit and promoted such ideas as the chequing account.
467:
Lawrence C. Jennings, "Associative
Socialism and Slave Emancipation in French Guiana, 1839-1848," Revue française d'histoire d'outre mer, t. 88, no.330-331: 2001, 167-188.
429:
http://www.viadeo.com/hub/forums/detaildiscussion/?containerId=002gx3jb0z9dy47&forumId=002uvzv6wx2878g&action=messageDetail&messageId=0028djlerkpx8vc
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In 1838–1839 he returned to the
Antilles on behalf of the French Ministry of the Marine and the Colonies and carried out a study on the status of slavery in the
356:
Jack
Hayward, "From Utopian Socialism, via Abolitionism to the Colonisation of French Guiana: Jules Lechevalier’s West Indian Fiasco, 1833-1844," in
177:) and in the United States. Back in France, he was active in the co-operative movement and the early trade union movement. In 1848, he supported the
263:(whom he had known for years). After quarrelling with Ludlow, Lechevalier worked with the British trade unionist and secularist
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138:. However, in 1832, the Saint-Simonian school split, due to a conflict between the Saint-Simonian leaders Prosper Enfantin and
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Five Years In The Land Of Refuge: A Letter on the
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in setting up a "People's Bank" based on mutualist principles. He also contributed to
Proudhon's
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Chaïbi, O., 'Lechevalier, Jules (André, Louis), Lechevalier Saint-André à partir de 1855.'
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Chaïbi, O., 'Lechevalier, Jules (André, Louis), Lechevalier Saint-André à partir de 1855.'
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Aux Saint-Simoniens: Lettre sur la
Division survenue dans l'Association Saint-Simonienne.
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dans l'analyse du colonialisme dont Jules
Lechevalier est par naissance l'enfant prodigue
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Saint-Simon and Saint-Simonism: A Chapter in the History of Socialism in France.
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Saint-Simon and Saint-Simonism: A Chapter in the History of Socialism in France.
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Frobert, L, 'French utopian socialists as the First Pioneers in Development.'
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Note sur la Fondation d'une Nouvelle Colonie dans la Guyane Française.
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Jules Lechevalier, Pionnier de l'Économie Sociale (1806-1862).
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Jules Lechevalier, Pionnier de l'Économie Sociale (1806-1862).
79:. The Polytechnique was then a hotbed of utopian socialism.
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Jules André Louis Lechevalier was born on 21 April 1806, in
146:. Together with Victor Considerant, he founded the journal
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http://www.charlesfourier.fr/article.php3?id_article=768
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De l'Avenir de la Monarchie Représentative en France.
205:. He also contributed to various journals, including
197:" as they were beginning to call themselves, such as
59:. His father was a wealthy merchant originally from
185:and was very active in the republican club led by
127:might be more receptive to social reform than the
23:, economist and anthropologist. He was at first a
218:In 1848–1849 he collaborated with the anarchist
115:, although it was not yet in his opinion a real
67:. In the 1820s he came to Paris to study at the
427:Brun, J.P., 'Jules Lechevalier (1806-1862).'
8:
234:In 1849 Lechevalier opposed the election of
19:(21 April 1806 – 10 June 1862) was a French
211:edited by the Polish poet and nationalist
418:Dictionnaire biographique du Fouriérisme.
394:Dictionnaire biographique du Fouriérisme.
75:and was influenced by the philosophy of
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71:in Paris. He studied philosophy under
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157:Anthropological work and Revolution
150:Later, he founded his own journal,
173:, in the French colonies (such as
119:revolution; he hoped that the new
35:. After 1855 he was also known as
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445:Notice Sur Jules Lechevalier et
165:. He became an advocate of the
455:Cambridge Journal of Economics
284:Il y a toute la lucidité d'un
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306:Études sur la Science Sociale
37:Jules Lechevalier Saint-André
17:Jules André Louis Lechevalier
189:. He collaborated with the
152:La revue du progrès social.
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358:De la traite à l’esclavage
275:in Paris on 10 June 1862.
111:. In 1830 he welcomed the
253:Frederick Denison Maurice
224:Le Représentant du Peuple
49:Saint-Pierre-le-Mouillage
181:and the creation of the
369:Quoted in: ChaĂŻbi, O.,
121:constitutional monarchy
95:and other disciples of
505:French anthropologists
220:Pierre-Joseph Proudhon
208:La Tribune des Peuples
183:Second French Republic
31:and a collaborator of
347:London, 1871, p. 122.
265:George Jacob Holyoake
191:republican socialists
420:March 2011. Online:
373:Paris, 2009, p. 370.
249:Christian socialists
167:abolition of slavery
97:Henri de Saint-Simon
261:John Malcolm Ludlow
179:February Revolution
140:Saint-Armand Bazard
69:École Polytechnique
520:Utopian socialists
105:Victor Considerant
500:French economists
495:French socialists
63:; his mother was
21:utopian socialist
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510:Fourierists
490:1862 deaths
485:1806 births
457:2010. 1-21.
396:March 2011.
199:Louis Blanc
129:Restoration
479:Categories
132:absolutism
53:Martinique
43:Early life
29:Fourierist
383:religion.
136:Charles X
109:free love
103:, as was
99:were all
55:, in the
27:, then a
432:Archived
273:aneurysm
61:Bordeaux
33:Proudhon
471:603-626
193:, or "
117:social
65:Creole
331:Notes
294:Works
77:Hegel
259:and
201:and
134:of
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