904:
547:. He was also named in honor of the memory of Cleopatra VII, the birthplace of his mother and the birthplace of her relatives. In choosing her son's name, Cleopatra Selene II created a distinct Greek-Egyptian tone and emphasized her role as the monarch who would continue the Ptolemaic dynasty. She by-passed the ancestral names of her husband. By naming her son Ptolemy instead of a Berber ancestral name, she offers an example rare in ancient history, especially in the case of a son who is the primary male heir, of reaching into the mother's family instead of the father's for a name. This emphasized the idea that his mother was the heiress of the Ptolemies and the leader of a Ptolemaic government in exile.
641:
403:
387:
660:, started to revolt against the Kingdom of Mauretania and Rome. The war had ravaged Africa, and Berber forces included former slaves from Ptolemy's household who had joined in the revolt. Ptolemy through his military campaigns was unsuccessful in ending the Berber revolt. The war reached the point where Ptolemy summoned the Roman governor of Africa, Publius Cornelius Dolabella, and his army to assist him in ending the revolt. The war ended in the year 24. Although Ptolemy's army and the Romans won, both parties suffered considerable losses of infantry and cavalry.
36:
109:
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cloak. Later historians have suggested other motivations. Some of these are inspired by
Suetonius's claim about the purple cloak, while others are independent of the claims of the ancient historians, for example, the idea that Ptolemy may have been implicated in a plot by Gaetulicus or Caligula wanted to exert greater control over Mauretania.
794:
imagery. The coinage from his sole reign displays a variety of themes. Ptolemy personified himself as an elephant on coins. Elephant personification is an ancient coinage tradition in which his late parents partook when they ruled
Mauretania. The elephant has symbolic functions: an icon representing
636:
II and
Ptolemy in a gymnasium, and a statue was erected in Ptolemy's honor in reference to his taste in literature. Ptolemy dedicated statues of himself on the Acropolis. The Athenians honored Ptolemy and his family with inscriptions dedicated to them, and this reveals that the Athenians had respect
867:
and welcomed him with appropriate honors. Ptolemy was confirmed as king and an ally and friend of the empire, but he was assassinated by the order of
Caligula. Caligula's motivation is unclear. Ancient historians claim envy of Ptolemy's wealth or a theatrical crowd's admiration of Ptolemy's purple
818:
from the
Ptolemaic dynasty. The other side of the coin is an eagle with its wings displayed on a thunderbolt, and Ptolemy's initials are inscribed in Latin. Through his father's central bust and inscription, Ptolemy is celebrating and showing the continuation of his family and rule, while honoring
838:
Ptolemy married a woman named Julia Urania, who came from obscure origins. She is only known through a funeral inscription found at
Caesaria through her freedwoman Julia Bodina. Bodina ascribed Julia Urania as "Queen Julia Urania". There is a possibility that Julia Urania was a member of the
819:
his paternal ancestry. Ptolemy through the eagle is celebrating the Roman Peace, honoring the rule of the Roman Empire, while he is showing his allegiance and loyalty to
Ancient Rome. Another coin, dating from the year 40, celebrates his senatorial decree. The coin shows, on one side, a
570:, an influential aristocrat who presided over a circle of various princes and princesses which assisted in the political preservation of the Roman Empire's borders and affairs of the client states. Antonia Minor, the youngest daughter of Mark Antony and the youngest niece of Emperor
879:, from outrage and out of loyalty to his former master, took revenge against Caligula by starting the revolt of Mauretania with the Berbers against Rome. The Berber revolt was a violent one, and the rebels were skilled fighters against the Roman Army. The Roman generals
775:. In his exercise in deflating the gods, Cyprian observed and stated that the Mauretanians were manifestly worshiping their kings and did not conceal their name by any disguise. According to the surviving evidence, there is a strong probability that Juba
834:
Ptolemy seemed to have had expensive tastes and enjoyed luxury items. He owned a custom-made citrus wood wine table. Mauretania had many citrus trees and produced many citrus wood tables, which were frequently sought out by aristocrats and monarchs.
667:, impressed by Ptolemy's loyal conduct, had sent a Roman senator to visit him. The Roman senator recognized Ptolemy's loyal conduct and awarded him an ivory scepter, an embroidered triumphal robe, and the senator greeted Ptolemy as
674:
Ptolemy, through his military campaigns, had proven his capability and loyalty as an ally and Client King to Rome. He was a popular monarch with the
Berbers and had travelled extensively throughout the Roman Empire, including
705:
Saturn was the god of agriculture. This cult was an important one in the kingdom. A temple and a sanctuary were dedicated to Saturn in
Caesaria by 30 and, throughout Mauretania, various temples were dedicated to Saturn.
713:, where there were various imperial cults dedicated to the Pharaohs and their relatives, and there is a possibility that his father's Royal Numidian ancestors may have had imperial cults dedicated to them.
802:
Other coins display Roman themes. A rare revealing gold coin, dated from the year 39, celebrates
Ptolemy's ascent, his rule, and his loyalty to Rome. On one side of the coin is a central bust of Juba
1316:& Andrew N. Sherwood. Contributors: John Peter Oleson and Andrew N. Sherwood: Greek and Roman Technology: A Sourcebook: Annotated Translations of Greek Texts and Documents, Routledge 1998
947:, statues have survived that belonged to Ptolemy. There is a nude statue of him, dated from the 1st century, which is on display at the Museum of History and Civilizations in Rabat,
863:
The Kingdom of Mauretania was one of the wealthiest Roman client kingdoms, and after 24, Ptolemy continued to reign without interruption. In late 40, Caligula invited Ptolemy to
959:. This is evident by the arrangement of the comma shaped locks over the forehead. There is a seven-inch fine bronze Roman imperial bust of Ptolemy about age 15 which
799:
which displays influence and power. Another animal Ptolemy uses on coins is a lion leaping, which is a symbol of animal kingship and is a symbol representing Africa.
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852:
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BC. He had a sister (possibly younger) who is evidenced by an Athenian inscription, but her name has not been preserved. She may have been called Drusilla.
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755:. This dialogue was part of a Christian argument that divinity is impossible for mortals. Felix lists humans who were said to have become divine:
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426:. His birth date is not certainly known but must have occurred before his mother's death, which has been estimated to have taken place in 5
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II. According to inscription evidence, Ptolemy may have established a Royal Mauretanian cult honoring himself and his late parents (see
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566:, built by his parents. In Rome, Ptolemy received a good Roman education. He was part of the remarkable court of his maternal aunt
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1391:
1471:
1461:
851:). Ptolemy married Julia Urania at an unknown date during the 1st century. She bore Ptolemy, in about 38, a daughter called
951:. His sculpted images are of a youthful appearance, and particularly those first portraits created during the reign of Juba
624:
II, and into his sole rule, Ptolemy, like his father, appeared to be a patron of art, learning, literature and sports. In
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Christopher H. Hallett, The Roman Nude: Heroic Portrait Statuary 200 BC-AD 300, Oxford University Press, 2005
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Ptolemy lived in Rome until the age of 21, when he returned to the court of his aging father in Mauretania.
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1327:
956:
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574:, was a half-sister of Ptolemy's late mother, also a daughter of Mark Antony. Antonia Minor's mother was
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Coinage from Ptolemy's sole reign is different from those during the time Ptolemy co-ruled with Juba
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Nikos Kokkinos, Antonia Augusta: Portrait of a Great Roman Lady (London; New York: Routledge 1992)
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and there is no surviving coinage that shows his royal title in Greek. On his coinage there is no
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roller, duane w rollerduane w (2011-01-01), Akyeampong, Emmanuel K; Gates, Henry Louis (eds.),
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leaning against it. On the other side of the coin, Ptolemy is wearing a fillet on his head.
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towards the Roman Client Monarchs and their families, which was common in the 1st century.
617:
II in the Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania. Ptolemy then became the sole ruler of Mauretania.
840:
645:
1332:. Loeb Classical Library (in Latin and English). Translated by Carey, Earnest. Heinemann.
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The World of Juba II and Kleopatra Selene: Royal Scholarship on Rome's African Frontier
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303:
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93:
1405:
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were needed to end the revolt. Mauretania was divided into two provinces, which were
791:
671:. This recognition was a tradition which recognized and rewarded the allies of Rome.
605:. On the other side is a central bust of Ptolemy and the inscription stating in Latin
567:
502:
490:
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II after his death is from the writings of the Christian author of the 3rd century,
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Statue of King Ptolemy of Mauretania at the Museum of History and Civilizations in
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446:
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578:, Mark Antony's fourth wife and the second sister of Octavian (later Augustus).
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820:
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486:
466:
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Mutilation and Transformation: Damnatio Memoriae and Roman Imperial, Brill 2004
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Michael Brett & Elizabeth Fentress, The Berbers, Blackwell Publishers 1997
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423:
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II's co-rule with his son. On coinage, on one side is a central bust of Juba
532:
517:
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17:
593:
II made Ptolemy his co-ruler and successor. Coinage has survived from Juba
527:
Ptolemy was most probably born in Caesaria, the capital of the Kingdom of
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701:. Mauretania was a region that was abundant in agriculture, and a god
824:
751:, the writer records a dialogue between a Christian and a pagan from
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543:. He was named in honor of his mother's ancestors, in particular the
489:. Through his maternal grandfather, Ptolemy was distantly related to
450:
114:
936:, which marked the end of the trilogy focusing on Ptolemy's mother.
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In Caesaria, prayers were offered for the health of Ptolemy at the
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ancestry. Ptolemy and his sister were the only known children of
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coinage article and biography on Juba II and Cleopatra Selene II
872:
864:
844:
736:, and another inscription expressed wishes for his good health.
555:
521:
1249:. Loeb Classical Library (in Latin and English). Translated by
779:
II and Ptolemy were deified by the Berbers after their deaths.
759:. Further literary evidence, suggesting the deification of Juba
485:
to reach maturity, and were among the younger grandchildren to
968:
29:
293:
1003:
Rome and the Friendly King: The Character of Client Kingship
716:
A surviving inscription in Mauretania hints that either Juba
724:, a previous Numidian King and paternal grandfather of Juba
1361:
Claudius Caesar: Image and Power in the Early Roman Empire
1027:"Ptolemy of Mauretania | North African ruler | Britannica"
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Evidence suggesting that Ptolemy could have deified Juba
613:
II died in 23 and was placed alongside Cleopatra Selene
795:
Africa and an iconic monetary characteristic from the
652:
In the year 17, the local Berber tribes, the Numidian
720:
II or Ptolemy established an imperial cult honoring
1397:
article on Cleopatra Selene II, Queen of Mauretania
1260:, The Annals of Imperial Rome, Partner of my Labors
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406:An ancient Roman bust of Ptolemy of Mauretania,
325:40) was the last Roman client king and ruler of
915:Ptolemy is a minor character in the novels by
1005:. Routledge Revivals. Routledge. p. 45.
8:
558:to be educated. His mother likely died in 5
786:II. His royal title on coinage is in Latin
333:, the king of Numidia and a member of the
98:
27:Roman Client King of Mauretania (AD 20-40)
589:When Ptolemy returned to Mauretania, Juba
175:Cherchell, Caesarea Mauretaniae (Algeria)
113:Bust of Ptolemy of Mauretania, c. 30–40,
92:For other people with the same name, see
80:Learn how and when to remove this message
1329:Roman History, Volume VII: Books 56 - 60
814:II is personified like a Greek Egyptian
314:
166:
43:This article includes a list of general
984:
955:II virtually show his relations to the
732:). One inscription is dedicated to his
449:and was an ally to the Roman Triumvir
340:tribe, as well as a descendant of the
224:
1253:. Heinemann. Caligula & Claudius.
932:He appears in Stephanie Dray's novel
644:Bust of Ptolemy of Mauretania in the
7:
1088:10.1093/acref/9780195382075.001.0001
1457:People executed by the Roman Empire
1337:Anthony A. Barrett (5 March 2015).
771:by the 3rd-century Christian saint
508:and a second cousin to the Emperor
1387:ancient library article on Ptolemy
408:Archaeological Museum of Cherchell
396:Archaeological Museum of Cherchell
49:it lacks sufficient corresponding
25:
763:II by Ptolemy, is from the brief
757:Saturn, Jupiter, Romulus and Juba
550:Through his parents, Ptolemy had
497:. Ptolemy was a first cousin to
465:of Egypt and the Roman Triumvir
107:
34:
1246:The Lives of the Twelve Caesars
1080:Dictionary of African Biography
1442:1st-century monarchs in Africa
1364:. Cambridge University Press.
1173:. Profile Books. p. 202.
1170:Cleopatra: Last Queen of Egypt
632:, statues were erected to Juba
362:Illustration of a coin of the
150:None (Kingdom annexed by Rome)
1:
1432:1st-century disestablishments
875:, his former household slave
564:Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania
441:, who was descended from the
197:Royal Mausoleum of Mauretania
1422:1st-century BC Berber people
1340:Caligula: The Abuse of Power
1275:University of Oklahoma Press
620:During his co-rule with Juba
414:Ptolemy was the son of King
329:for Rome. He was the son of
278:Cleopatra Selene II of Egypt
1146:. Oxford University Press.
1082:, Oxford University Press,
709:His mother originated from
1488:
1121:World History Encyclopedia
1055:World History Encyclopedia
871:After Ptolemy's murder in
607:‘King Ptolemy son of Juba’
601:II with his title in Latin
294:
91:
1427:1st-century Berber people
1202:Suetonius, Caligula, 35.2
1167:Tyldesley, Joyce (2011).
1140:Roller, Duane W. (2011).
562:BC and was placed in the
469:. Ptolemy was of Berber,
390:An ancient Roman bust of
232:
223:
106:
1312:John Williams Humphrey,
1211:Barrett 2015, pp. 159-60
885:Gaius Suetonius Paulinus
703:considered equivalent to
457:was the daughter of the
1266:- Ptolemy of Mauretania
1264:Encyclopædia Britannica
1076:"Ptolemy of Mauretania"
893:Mauretania Caesariensis
808:‘King Juba son of Juba’
554:, and they sent him to
308:Gaius Iulius Ptolemaeus
233:Gaius Julius Ptolemaeus
64:more precise citations.
1437:1st-century executions
1358:Josiah Osgood (2011).
1288:Roller, Duane (2003).
1271:The Reign of Cleopatra
1143:Cleopatra: A Biography
1001:Braund, David (2014).
957:Julio-Claudian dynasty
912:
806:II inscribed in Latin
769:On the Vanity of Idols
669:king, ally, and friend
649:
495:Julio-Claudian dynasty
411:
399:
383:
307:
1472:Roman client monarchs
1462:People from Cherchell
1269:Burstein, Stanley M.
1229:Barrett 2015, pp. 160
1117:"Cleopatra Selene II"
934:Daughters of the Nile
906:
841:royal family of Emesa
745:Marcus Minucius Felix
643:
514:Agrippina the Younger
405:
389:
361:
286:Ptolemy of Mauretania
889:Mauretania Tingitana
881:Gnaeus Hosidius Geta
648:(Museo Chiaramonti).
437:was the son of King
1452:Kings of Mauretania
1220:Osgood 2011, p. 113
1051:"Ptolemaic Dynasty"
991:Roller 2003, p. 244
483:Cleopatra Selene II
455:Cleopatra Selene II
420:Cleopatra Selene II
392:Cleopatra Selene II
380:Cleopatra Selene II
346:Cleopatra Selene II
132:20–40 AD (20 years)
1277:December 30, 2007
1031:www.britannica.com
913:
899:In popular culture
797:Hellenistic period
767:exercise entitled
650:
412:
400:
384:
123:King of Mauretania
1467:Ptolemaic dynasty
1371:978-0-521-88181-4
1350:978-1-317-53392-4
1314:John Peter Oleson
1283:978-0-8061-3871-8
1251:Rolfe, John Carew
1180:978-1-84765-044-3
1153:978-0-19-982996-5
1097:978-0-19-538207-5
971:960,000 in 2004.
696:Temple of Saturn
552:Roman citizenship
545:Ptolemaic dynasty
518:Valeria Messalina
439:Juba I of Numidia
342:Ptolemaic dynasty
283:
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255:Ptolemaic dynasty
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183:40 AD (age 49–53)
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939:Throughout
722:Hiempsal II
603:‘King Juba’
487:Mark Antony
467:Mark Antony
433:His father
137:Predecessor
62:introducing
1406:Categories
1126:2022-07-18
1103:2022-07-18
1060:2022-07-18
1036:2022-07-18
975:References
922:I Claudius
911:, Morocco.
827:and has a
765:euhemerist
677:Alexandria
658:Garamantes
654:Tacfarinas
529:Mauretania
499:Germanicus
424:Mauretania
418:and Queen
372:Mauretania
370:, king of
327:Mauretania
300:Ptolemaîos
295:Πτολεμαῖος
45:references
1417:40 deaths
980:Citations
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398:, Algeria
374:, on the
147:Successor
70:July 2024
965:New York
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843:(modern
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506:Claudius
501:and the
493:and the
364:Numidian
338:Massyles
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1258:Tacitus
949:Morocco
945:Morocco
941:Algeria
877:Aedemon
829:sceptre
816:pharaoh
773:Cyprian
537:Algeria
479:Juba II
443:Berbers
435:Juba II
416:Juba II
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102:Ptolemy
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475:Roman
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159:Born
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