916:
442:
1170:
543:) and turbine blades damaged by the high thermodynamic loads. The Germans were known to use both specially designed wire-framed hemispherical cages and/or flat circular covers over the intakes to prevent ingestion of foreign matter into their aircraft jet engines' intakes while on the ground. The compressor and turbine blades' life could be extended by re-balancing the rotors during routine maintenance; the Riedel two-stroke starter engine and the turbojet's governor would also be examined and replaced as needed.
454:
262:, and instead of building development engines, opted to begin work immediately on the prototype of an engine that could be put straight into production. Franz's conservative approach came under question from the RLM, but was vindicated when even given the developmental problems that it was to face, the 004 entered production and service well ahead of the BMW 003, its more technologically advanced but slightly lower thrust competitor (7.83 kN/1,760 lbf).
232:. The axial-flow compressor not only had excellent performance, about 78% efficient in "real world" conditions, but it also had a smaller cross-section, important for high-speed aircraft. Dr. Bruno Bruckman's old assistant on the jet engine program, Dr. Ă–sterich, took over for him in Berlin, and selected the axial flow design, due to its smaller diameter; it was 10 cm (3.9 in) less than the competing axial-flow
306:
575:
567:
298:
438:
the combustion chambers by moving the throttle too quickly, causing the temperature to rise too far before the airflow increased to match the increased fuel. This overheated the turbine blades, and was a major cause for engine failures. Nevertheless, it made jet power for combat aircraft a reality for the first time.
321:, was first tested in October 1940, though without an exhaust nozzle. It was bench-tested at the end of January 1941 to a maximum thrust of 430 kgf (4,200 N; 950 lbf), and work continued to increase the thrust, the RLM contract having set a minimum of 600 kgf (5,900 N; 1,300 lbf) thrust.
437:
Given the lower-quality steels used in the 004B, these engines had a service life of only 10–25 hours, perhaps twice this in the hands of a careful pilot. Another shortcoming of the engine, common to all early turbojets, was its sluggish throttle response. Worse, too much fuel could be injected into
429:
was once again brought in during a meeting at the RLM headquarters. He identified that the failures were caused by one of the blades' natural frequencies being in the engine running range. His solution was to raise the frequency, by increasing the blade taper and shortening them by 1 millimetre, and
1156:
is currently restoring an Me 262 and her accompanying Jumo 004 engines to airworthy condition. The 004s have been re-tooled to allow for greater fatigue resistance and, therefore, a longer overall engine life. As of
October 2019, the restored 262 has successfully performed taxiway testing under the
385:
assemblies bolted to it. The four front stators were constructed from steel alloy blades welded to the mount; the rear five were pressed steel sheet bent over the mount and welded on. Steel alloy compressor blades dovetailled into slots in the compressor disk and were fixed by small screws. The
539:) was thirty to fifty hours, and may have been as low as ten, though a skilled flyer could double the interval. (The competing BMW 003's was about fifty.) The process involved replacing compressor blades, (which suffered the most damage, usually from ingesting stones and such, later known as
433:
It was not until early 1944 that full production could finally begin. These sorts of engineering detail challenges for the 109-004-series of jet engine designs, formed the setbacks that were the principal factor delaying the
Luftwaffe's introduction of the Me 262 into squadron service.
328:, as an Air Ministry consulting engineer with a background in turbocharger vibrations, assisted in solving the problem. The original aluminium stators were replaced with steel ones in which configuration the engine developed 5.9 kN (1,300 lb
40:
424:
Later in 1943 the 004B version suffered turbine blade failures which were not understood by the
Junkers team. They focused on areas such as material defects, grain size and surface roughness. Eventually, in December, blade-vibration specialist
239:
On the other hand, he aimed to produce an engine that was far below its theoretical potential, in the interests of expediting development and simplifying production. One major decision was to opt for a simple combustion area using six
477:(German for onion, due to its shape when seen from the side). The plug moved about 40 cm (16 inch) fore-and-aft, using an electric motor-powered rack-and-pinion, to change the exhaust cross-sectional area for thrust control.
390:. Jumo tried a variety of compressor blades, beginning with solid steel, later hollow sheet metal ones, welded on the taper, with their roots fitted over rhomboidal studs on the turbine wheel, to which they were pinned and
169:
saw the potential of the concept and encouraged
Germany's aero engine manufacturers to begin their own programmes of jet engine development. The companies remained skeptical and little new development was carried out.
409:
tanks were fitted within the upper perimeter of the annular intake's sheet metal housing for fuelling the starter. The Riedel was also used for starting the competing BMW 003 engine, and for
Heinkel's more advanced
774:
A re-designed and enlarged version of the 004 with 11-stage compressor and 2-stage turbine, only reaching the design stage by war's end; projected to deliver 17.7 kN (3,970 lbf) thrust at 6,600
1588:
340:
to run up the engine in flight. The 004 used an eight-stage axial-flow compressor, with six straight-through combustion chambers (made from sheet steel), and a one-stage turbine with hollow blades.
281:, found jet engine manufacturing was simpler and required lower-skill labor and less sophisticated tooling than piston engine production; in fact, most of the making of hollow turbine blades and
374:, and cooled by compressed air "bled" from the compressor. The engine's operational lifespan was shortened, but on the plus side it became easier to construct. Production engines had a
2426:
1352:
2413:
915:
370:
protected by an aluminum coating, and the hollow turbine blades were produced from folded and welded
Cromadur alloy (12% chromium, 18% manganese, and 70% iron) developed by
1946:
1666:
790:
Designation used for both captured Jumo 004s and copies, built from 1945 onward by a team at 26 GAZ, headed by Klimov and at a captured underground factory near Dessau.
520:
35,000. Moreover, the jets used lower-skill labor and needed only 375 hours to complete (including manufacture, assembly, and shipping), compared to 1,400 for the
2148:
1139:
1109:
421:
weighed 100 kg (220 lb) less than the 004A, and in 1943 had passed several 100-hour tests, with a time between overhauls of 50 hours being achieved.
1641:
1705:
1592:
1106:, USA; NASM is in possession of two Jumo 004s, a complete engine (on display as of 2020) and a 'cutaway' engine (not on display or is in storage as of 2020)
1178:
350:
The initial 004A engines built to power the Me 262 prototypes had been built without restrictions on materials, and they used scarce raw materials such as
289:. Fedden himself criticized the attachment of the 004's compressor casing, which was in two halves, bolted to the half-sections of the stator assemblies.
2282:
405:
behind the intake nose-cone. A hole in the front of the cone gave access to a manual pull-start if the electric starter motor failed. Two small gasoline/
301:
Frontal view of a Jumo 004 engine mounted in a nacelle on an Me 262 fighter, showing the starter pull-start handle in the center of the intake nose cone.
1869:
1691:
2406:
1021:
A number of examples of the Jumo 004 turbojet exist in aviation museums and historical collections in North
America, Europe and Australia, including;
1877:
1145:
362:
in quantities which were unacceptable in production. Franz realized that the Jumo 004 would have to be redesigned to incorporate a minimum of these
441:
212:
Franz opted for a design that was at once conservative and revolutionary. His design differed from von Ohain's in that he utilised a new type of
1939:
1719:
1898:
1858:
1782:
193:
development, would be perfect for the job. Franz started his development team later that year, and the project was given the RLM designation
2399:
1914:
347:
flew for the first time under jet power from its 004 engines, and the 004 went into production with an order from the RLM for 80 engines.
2422:
1174:
1031:
2141:
2717:
1932:
1839:
1820:
1801:
1453:
1092:; Offering the pre-production model Jumo 004A and a cutaway model of the later Jumo 004B besides a diverse collection of aircraft.
2712:
1113:
1670:
141:. Variants and copies of the engine were produced in Eastern Europe and the USSR for several years following the end of WWII.
2275:
324:
Vibration problems with the compressor stators, originally cantilevered from the outside, delayed the program at this point.
181:
aviation firm, stated that even if the concept was useful, he had no one to work on it. Schelp responded by stating that Dr
47:
Cutaway example of a
Junkers Jumo 004 jet engine at the National Museum of the U.S. Air Force, Wright-Patterson AFB, Ohio.
2722:
2134:
1131:
1095:
2181:
2176:
1025:
2391:
1920:
First
Attempt of the 21st Century to Start an Me 262A's Restored Jumo 004B jet engine with its Riedel 2-stroke APU Unit
1081:
1169:
983:(first and second prototypes; intended for the fourth prototype as well as the Ju 287 A-2 and B-1 production versions)
1067:
1744:
1645:
2268:
1347:
1329:
768:
Based on the 004C with an 11-stage compressor and 8 can combustion chambers for 16.68 kN (3,749 lbf).
618:
535:. Completed engines earned a reputation for unreliability; the time between major overhauls (not technically a
1560:
752:
An 004D with exhaust area optimised for high altitude performance, 11.77 kN (2,646 lbf) thrust with
558:, postwar estimated total jet engine production by mid-1946 could have reached 100,000 units a year, or more.
1881:
732:
A refined 004B with two-stage fuel injection and a new fuel control unit, ready for production by the end of
2328:
1099:
698:: modified compressor and turbine to reduce vibration and thrust increased to 8.83 kN (1,984 lbf).
224:
1303:
1283:
1274:
1127:
2596:
2556:
2551:
2661:
2656:
2651:
2646:
2631:
2621:
2591:
2546:
1919:
540:
536:
366:, and this was accomplished. All the hot metal parts, including the combustion chamber, were changed to
1507:
1465:
941:
2493:
2473:
2104:
2007:
336:) in December. The first flight test took place on March 15, 1942, when a 004A was carried aloft by a
2503:
2168:
1723:
1121:
1043:
998:
992:
663:
344:
337:
254:
130:
101:
2691:
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2681:
2666:
2641:
2561:
2611:
2601:
2586:
2448:
2362:
1153:
726:
A projected version with detail refinements giving 9.81 kN (2,205 lbf) thrust, not built.
532:
453:
2671:
2626:
2606:
2581:
2576:
2571:
2541:
2508:
1318:
363:
206:
198:
158:
2318:
1987:
173:
In 1939 Schelp and Mauch visited the companies to check up on progress. Otto Mader, head of the
2518:
1160:
The South
African Air Force Museum, located at Ysterplaat, Cape Town. Partly sectioned Jumo 004
2380:
1894:
1854:
1835:
1816:
1797:
1778:
1449:
1035:
1009:
965:
946:
466:
2566:
2536:
2513:
1775:
The Race for Hitler's X-Planes: Britain's 1945 Mission to Capture Secret Luftwaffe Technology
2616:
2483:
2294:
2088:
2067:
2062:
2057:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2037:
2032:
2027:
2022:
2017:
2012:
1334:
1233:
1053:
986:
919:
The starboard Junkers Jumo 004 engine of the Me 262 displayed at the Australian War Memorial
513:
218:
118:
1613:
2478:
2160:
2157:
1958:
1313:
1103:
970:
607:
411:
202:
692:: initial production standard engines, 8.22 kN (1,848 lbf) thrust at 8,700 rpm.
1627:
2468:
2375:
2116:
1075:
980:
960:
782:
598:
which was itself a copy of the Me 262. Upgraded Jumo 004 copies were also built in the
587:
485:
406:
398:
274:
213:
150:
2706:
2528:
2443:
2249:
2244:
2239:
2234:
2229:
2224:
2214:
2196:
2191:
2186:
1757:
1135:
955:
742:: Modified combustion system for increased thrust but reduced life, for testing only.
622:
375:
286:
162:
138:
905:
Layout: A=axial flow compressor stages, C=can combustion chambers, T=turbine stages.
656:
scale (compressor power absorption) prototype engine, test-run with limited success.
397:
One interesting feature of the 004 was the starter, designed by the German engineer
149:
The feasibility of jet propulsion had been demonstrated in Germany in early 1937 by
2488:
1323:
1003:
924:
733:
667:
599:
551:
504:
10,000 for materials, the Jumo 004 also proved somewhat cheaper than the competing
248:. For the same reasons, he collaborated heavily on the development of the engine's
190:
186:
182:
134:
126:
97:
1120:, USA; NMUSAF displays one detached Jumo 004, along with one of the few surviving
229:
2676:
2636:
2463:
2435:
2291:
2206:
2002:
1997:
1924:
1149:
975:
753:
583:
494:
Aviation gasoline; not considered desirable due to its high rate of consumption.
470:
426:
402:
325:
318:
282:
1915:"Design Analysis of Messerschmitt Me-262 Jet Fighter Part II – The Power Plant"
39:
2352:
2347:
2342:
2337:
2313:
2308:
1992:
1982:
1977:
1972:
935:
555:
499:
367:
359:
278:
166:
332:) in August, and passed a 10-hour endurance run at 9.8 kN (2,200 lb
2126:
1239:
1071:
1047:
1039:
929:
595:
574:
544:
528:
387:
378:
305:
245:
241:
1574:
1199:
1085:
938:: (Avia M-04) Czechoslovak-built Me 262 B-1a (fighter trainer, two seats)
114:
55:
17:
1794:
World Encyclopedia of Aero Engines: From the Pioneers to the Present Day
216:
which allowed a continuous, straight flow of air through the engine (an
2498:
2453:
1955:
1308:
1248:
1089:
1061:
686:
Production-series engines with reduced weight and strategic materials.
527:
Production and maintenance of the 004 was done at the Junkers works at
521:
505:
391:
266:
249:
233:
178:
154:
122:
77:
67:
1337: – first operable American axial-flow jet engine (1943)
566:
554:, production stood at 1,500 per month. The Fedden Mission, led by Sir
1326: – first American axial-flow jet engine design attempt
1265:
1117:
1057:
614:
430:
to reduce the operating speed of the engine from 9,000 to 8,700 rpm.
382:
355:
351:
259:
2260:
297:
1168:
914:
573:
565:
452:
440:
371:
304:
296:
270:
582:
Following World War II, Jumo 004s were built in small numbers in
547:
required maintenance every twenty hours, and replacement at 200.
285:
work on jets could be done by tooling used in making automobile
2395:
2264:
2130:
1928:
662:
Full-scale prototype and pre-production engines, powered early
1012:: precursor to the Yakovlev Yak-15 powered with captured 004s
704:: Incorporating a new compressor to reduce vibration failures
1561:"Aeronautical Museum Belgrade's Aircraft engines collection"
137:
reconnaissance/bomber, along with prototypes, including the
550:
Between 5,000 and 8,000 004s were built; at the end of the
386:
compressor itself was mounted to a steel shaft with twelve
1006:: Equipped with the Soviet-made RD-10 copy of the Jumo 004
1138:, USA; NEAM displays a 'cutaway' engine on-loan from the
401:, which consisted of a 10 hp (7.5 kW) 2-stroke
1813:
German Jet Engine and Gas Turbine Development 1930–1945
1353:
List of aircraft engines of Germany during World War II
121:
turbojet engine. Some 8,000 units were manufactured by
932:: (Avia M-04) Czechoslovak-built Me 262 A-1a (fighter)
1448:
Engine Revolutions: The Autobiography of Max Bentele
117:
engine in operational use, and the first successful
2527:
2434:
2361:
2327:
2301:
2205:
2167:
2097:
2076:
1965:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1483:
1418:
1416:
1414:
1412:
1410:
1408:
1406:
1404:
1402:
1400:
1758:https://www.facebook.com/watch/?v=2312086125580004
309:Riedel starter, with pull-start handle & cable
1508:"Summary of Debriefing of German pilot Hans Fey"
1064:; The museum displays a Jumo 004B, built in 1944
762:Possibly with Water or Water/Methanol injection.
381:casing in two halves, one with half-sections of
480:The Jumo 004 could run on three types of fuel:
445:Sectioned Jumo 004 exhaust nozzle, showing the
1667:"Junkers Jumo 004 B1 Turbojet Engine, Cutaway"
1110:National Museum of the United States Air Force
2407:
2276:
2142:
1940:
8:
1853:. Vol. 1. Ramsbury: The Crowood Press.
1589:"Deutsches Museum: Turbojet Jumo 004B, 1944"
716:: Introduce air-cooled hollow turbine blades
1430:
1428:
1179:National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
1173:A Jumo 004 engine is being investigated by
637:Turbojet: History and Development 1930–1960
2414:
2400:
2392:
2283:
2269:
2261:
2149:
2135:
2127:
1947:
1933:
1925:
1851:Turbojet History and Development 1930–1960
1050:; ANAM displays a single detached Jumo 004
228:(AVA – Aerodynamic Research Institute) at
1444:
1442:
1440:
1146:Flying Heritage & Combat Armor Museum
1124:(which still retains its two 004 engines)
157:company. Most of the Reich Air Ministry (
1868:Meher-Homji, Cyrus B. (September 1997).
1832:Junkers Aircraft & Engines 1913–1945
798:
610:as well as many prototype jet fighters.
244:", instead of the more efficient single
1369:
1078:; Displays a sectioned Jumo 004 engine.
465:The exhaust area of the engine used a
29:
1891:The Jet Race and the Second World War
1834:. London: Putnam Aeronautical Books.
676:: Pre-production engines for flight .
639:: Volume 1: Great Britain and Germany
255:Allgemeine Elektrizitäts-Gesellschaft
7:
1796:(5th ed.). Stroud, UK: Sutton.
952:(intended for first prototypes only)
205:projects in WWII Germany, including
1175:Aircraft Engine Research Laboratory
1032:Australian National Aviation Museum
781:Post-war production of the 004B in
457:Closeup of gearing which moves the
258:(General Electric Company, AEG) in
1889:Pavelec, Sterling Michael (2007).
1745:"FHCAM's Me 262 Warpaint Unveiled"
1628:"Luftfahrtmuseum Laatzen-Hannover"
417:The first production model of the
197:(the 109- prefix, assigned by the
25:
2119:(Junkers design built by Heinkel)
1082:Luftfahrt-Museum Laatzen-Hannover
343:On July 18, one of the prototype
293:Technical description and testing
113:was the world's first production
1706:"Messerschmitt Me 262A Schwalbe"
1513:. Zenos' Warbird Video Drive-In.
414:"mixed-flow" compressor design.
38:
1870:"Anselm Franz and the Jumo 004"
1270:8.8 kN (1,980 lbf) at 8,700 rpm
1114:Wright-Patterson Air Force Base
1068:The Imperial War Museum Duxford
265:At Kolbermoor, location of the
2427:jet/rocket engine designations
871:10.30 kN (2,315 lbf)
225:Aerodynamische Versuchsanstalt
209:designs for manned aircraft).
27:Early turbojet aircraft engine
1:
1777:. Stroud, UK: History Press.
1132:Bradley International Airport
1096:National Air and Space Museum
894:1,200 kg (2,600 lb)
891:17.7 kN (3,970 lbf)
851:9.81 kN (2,205 lbf)
831:8.83 kN (1,984 lbf)
512:12,000, and cheaper than the
473:. The plug was nicknamed the
222:), recently developed by the
185:, then in charge of Junkers'
177:(Jumo) division of the large
161:) remained uninterested, but
1669:. 2017-05-03. Archived from
1026:Aeronautical Museum Belgrade
617:, captured 004s powered the
1692:"Junkers Jumo 004 Turbojet"
874:745 kg (1,642 lb)
854:720 kg (1,590 lb)
834:745 kg (1,642 lb)
531:, under the supervision of
273:engine works, the post-war
2739:
1773:Christopher, John (2013).
1165:Specifications (Jumo 004B)
484:J-2, its standard fuel, a
467:a variable geometry nozzle
2113:
995:: Flying engine test-bed.
606:, where they powered the
516:piston engine, which was
207:German WWII rocket engine
46:
37:
32:
2718:Junkers aircraft engines
1849:Kay, Anthony L. (2007).
1811:Kay, Anthony L. (2002).
1720:"New England Air Museum"
1614:"IWM sectioned Jumo 004"
1348:List of aircraft engines
1330:Metropolitan-Vickers F.2
1157:power of her 004 engines
619:Sud-Ouest SO 6000 Triton
1468:(retrieved 30 May 2017)
1394:Christopher, pp. 74–75.
1191:General characteristics
1100:Smithsonian Institution
2713:1940s turbojet engines
1874:Mechanical Engineering
1792:Gunston, Bill (2006).
1550:Christopher, pp. 69–70
1376:Christopher, pp. 70–71
1304:Armstrong Siddeley ASX
1284:Thrust-to-weight ratio
1275:Overall pressure ratio
1182:
1128:New England Air Museum
942:Blohm & Voss P.188
920:
579:
571:
462:
450:
310:
302:
145:Design and development
1815:. The Crowood Press.
1172:
918:
710:: A development model
670:prototypes aircraft.
577:
569:
537:time between overhaul
456:
444:
345:Messerschmitt Me 262s
308:
300:
2723:Messerschmitt Me 262
1830:Kay, Antony (2004).
999:Messerschmitt Me 262
993:Messerschmitt Bf 110
664:Messerschmitt Me 262
338:Messerschmitt Bf 110
313:The first prototype
175:Junkers Motorenwerke
131:Messerschmitt Me 262
102:Messerschmitt Me 262
2363:Licensed production
1154:Everett, Washington
488:produced from coal.
364:strategic materials
125:in Germany late in
2423:Reich Air Ministry
1642:"Jumo 004B Engine"
1541:Christopher, p. 69
1532:Christopher, p. 75
1523:Christopher, p. 74
1497:Christopher, p. 76
1422:Christopher, p. 70
1385:Christopher, p. 72
1319:Ishikawajima Ne-20
1298:Comparable engines
1183:
921:
590:, designated Avia
580:
572:
562:Postwar production
463:
451:
449:centrebody or plug
311:
303:
201:was common to all
93:Major applications
2700:
2699:
2389:
2388:
2258:
2257:
2124:
2123:
1900:978-0-275-99355-9
1860:978-1-86126-912-6
1784:978-0-7524-6457-2
1219:719 kg (1,585 lb)
1177:engineers of the
1136:Windsor Locks, CT
1036:Moorabbin Airport
1017:Surviving engines
1010:Yakovlev Yak-Jumo
966:Heinkel He 162A-8
947:Focke-Wulf Ta 183
907:
901:
900:
153:working with the
107:
106:
16:(Redirected from
2730:
2416:
2409:
2402:
2393:
2285:
2278:
2271:
2262:
2161:aircraft engines
2151:
2144:
2137:
2128:
1959:aircraft engines
1949:
1942:
1935:
1926:
1904:
1885:
1880:. Archived from
1864:
1845:
1826:
1807:
1788:
1760:
1755:
1749:
1748:
1741:
1735:
1734:
1732:
1731:
1722:. Archived from
1716:
1710:
1709:
1702:
1696:
1695:
1688:
1682:
1681:
1679:
1678:
1663:
1657:
1656:
1654:
1653:
1644:. Archived from
1638:
1632:
1631:
1624:
1618:
1617:
1610:
1604:
1603:
1601:
1600:
1591:. Archived from
1585:
1579:
1578:
1571:
1565:
1564:
1557:
1551:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1533:
1530:
1524:
1521:
1515:
1514:
1512:
1504:
1498:
1495:
1478:
1475:
1469:
1463:
1457:
1446:
1435:
1432:
1423:
1420:
1395:
1392:
1386:
1383:
1377:
1374:
1335:Westinghouse J30
1234:axial compressor
1054:Deutsches Museum
987:Lavochkin La-150
903:
811:Thrust or power
802:RLM Designation
799:
655:
654:
650:
635:Data from: Kay,
552:Second World War
219:axial compressor
133:fighter and the
119:axial compressor
111:Junkers Jumo 004
94:
64:
42:
30:
21:
2738:
2737:
2733:
2732:
2731:
2729:
2728:
2727:
2703:
2702:
2701:
2696:
2523:
2430:
2420:
2390:
2385:
2357:
2323:
2297:
2289:
2259:
2254:
2201:
2163:
2155:
2125:
2120:
2109:
2093:
2072:
1961:
1953:
1911:
1901:
1888:
1867:
1861:
1848:
1842:
1829:
1823:
1810:
1804:
1791:
1785:
1772:
1769:
1764:
1763:
1756:
1752:
1743:
1742:
1738:
1729:
1727:
1718:
1717:
1713:
1704:
1703:
1699:
1690:
1689:
1685:
1676:
1674:
1665:
1664:
1660:
1651:
1649:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1626:
1625:
1621:
1612:
1611:
1607:
1598:
1596:
1587:
1586:
1582:
1573:
1572:
1568:
1559:
1558:
1554:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1536:
1531:
1527:
1522:
1518:
1510:
1506:
1505:
1501:
1496:
1481:
1476:
1472:
1464:
1460:
1447:
1438:
1433:
1426:
1421:
1398:
1393:
1389:
1384:
1380:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1361:
1314:Heinkel HeS 011
1295:
1260:
1226:
1207:3.86 m (152 in)
1193:
1167:
1104:Washington D.C.
1019:
971:Henschel Hs 132
913:
797:
652:
648:
647:
631:
608:Yakovlev Yak-15
594:, to power the
564:
335:
331:
295:
203:reaction engine
147:
129:, powering the
100:
92:
63:National origin
62:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2736:
2734:
2726:
2725:
2720:
2715:
2705:
2704:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2694:
2689:
2684:
2679:
2674:
2669:
2664:
2659:
2654:
2649:
2644:
2639:
2634:
2629:
2624:
2619:
2614:
2609:
2604:
2599:
2594:
2589:
2584:
2579:
2574:
2569:
2564:
2559:
2554:
2549:
2544:
2539:
2533:
2531:
2529:Rocket engines
2525:
2524:
2522:
2521:
2516:
2511:
2506:
2501:
2496:
2491:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2446:
2440:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2421:
2419:
2418:
2411:
2404:
2396:
2387:
2386:
2384:
2383:
2378:
2373:
2367:
2365:
2359:
2358:
2356:
2355:
2350:
2345:
2340:
2334:
2332:
2325:
2324:
2322:
2321:
2316:
2311:
2305:
2303:
2299:
2298:
2290:
2288:
2287:
2280:
2273:
2265:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2252:
2247:
2242:
2237:
2232:
2227:
2222:
2217:
2211:
2209:
2203:
2202:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2173:
2171:
2169:Piston engines
2165:
2164:
2156:
2154:
2153:
2146:
2139:
2131:
2122:
2121:
2114:
2111:
2110:
2108:
2107:
2101:
2099:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2086:
2080:
2078:
2074:
2073:
2071:
2070:
2065:
2060:
2055:
2050:
2045:
2040:
2035:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2010:
2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
1980:
1975:
1969:
1967:
1966:Piston engines
1963:
1962:
1954:
1952:
1951:
1944:
1937:
1929:
1923:
1922:
1917:
1910:
1909:External links
1907:
1906:
1905:
1899:
1886:
1884:on 2008-01-07.
1865:
1859:
1846:
1840:
1827:
1821:
1808:
1802:
1789:
1783:
1768:
1765:
1762:
1761:
1750:
1736:
1711:
1697:
1683:
1658:
1633:
1619:
1605:
1580:
1575:"Junkers Jumo"
1566:
1552:
1543:
1534:
1525:
1516:
1499:
1479:
1470:
1466:Machine Design
1458:
1436:
1434:Pavelec, p. 32
1424:
1396:
1387:
1378:
1368:
1367:
1365:
1362:
1360:
1357:
1356:
1355:
1350:
1339:
1338:
1332:
1327:
1321:
1316:
1311:
1306:
1294:
1291:
1290:
1289:
1280:
1271:
1259:
1256:
1255:
1254:
1245:
1236:
1225:
1222:
1221:
1220:
1214:
1208:
1202:
1192:
1189:
1166:
1163:
1162:
1161:
1158:
1142:
1125:
1107:
1098:(NASM) of the
1093:
1079:
1076:United Kingdom
1065:
1051:
1029:
1028:, one Jumo 004
1018:
1015:
1014:
1013:
1007:
1001:
996:
990:
984:
981:Junkers Ju 287
978:
973:
968:
963:
961:Heinkel He 280
958:
953:
944:
939:
933:
927:
912:
909:
899:
898:
895:
892:
889:
886:
883:
879:
878:
875:
872:
869:
866:
863:
859:
858:
855:
852:
849:
846:
843:
839:
838:
835:
832:
829:
826:
823:
819:
818:
815:
812:
809:
806:
803:
796:
795:Variants table
793:
792:
791:
788:
785:
783:Czechoslovakia
779:
776:
772:
769:
766:
763:
760:
757:
750:
746:
745:
744:
743:
730:
727:
724:
720:
719:
718:
717:
711:
705:
699:
693:
684:
680:
679:
678:
677:
660:
657:
645:
630:
627:
588:Czechoslovakia
578:Tumansky RD-10
563:
560:
496:
495:
492:
489:
486:synthetic fuel
399:Norbert Riedel
333:
329:
294:
291:
275:Fedden Mission
151:Hans von Ohain
146:
143:
105:
104:
95:
89:
88:
85:
81:
80:
75:
71:
70:
65:
59:
58:
53:
49:
48:
44:
43:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2735:
2724:
2721:
2719:
2716:
2714:
2711:
2710:
2708:
2693:
2690:
2688:
2685:
2683:
2680:
2678:
2675:
2673:
2670:
2668:
2665:
2663:
2660:
2658:
2655:
2653:
2650:
2648:
2645:
2643:
2640:
2638:
2635:
2633:
2630:
2628:
2625:
2623:
2620:
2618:
2615:
2613:
2610:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2598:
2595:
2593:
2590:
2588:
2585:
2583:
2580:
2578:
2575:
2573:
2570:
2568:
2565:
2563:
2560:
2558:
2555:
2553:
2550:
2548:
2545:
2543:
2540:
2538:
2535:
2534:
2532:
2530:
2526:
2520:
2517:
2515:
2512:
2510:
2507:
2505:
2502:
2500:
2497:
2495:
2492:
2490:
2487:
2485:
2482:
2480:
2477:
2475:
2472:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2445:
2442:
2441:
2439:
2437:
2433:
2428:
2424:
2417:
2412:
2410:
2405:
2403:
2398:
2397:
2394:
2382:
2379:
2377:
2374:
2372:
2369:
2368:
2366:
2364:
2360:
2354:
2351:
2349:
2346:
2344:
2341:
2339:
2336:
2335:
2333:
2330:
2326:
2320:
2317:
2315:
2312:
2310:
2307:
2306:
2304:
2300:
2296:
2293:
2286:
2281:
2279:
2274:
2272:
2267:
2266:
2263:
2251:
2248:
2246:
2243:
2241:
2238:
2236:
2233:
2231:
2228:
2226:
2223:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2212:
2210:
2208:
2204:
2198:
2195:
2193:
2190:
2188:
2185:
2183:
2180:
2178:
2175:
2174:
2172:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2159:
2152:
2147:
2145:
2140:
2138:
2133:
2132:
2129:
2118:
2112:
2106:
2103:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2079:
2075:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2061:
2059:
2056:
2054:
2051:
2049:
2046:
2044:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2034:
2031:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2009:
2006:
2004:
2001:
1999:
1996:
1994:
1991:
1989:
1986:
1984:
1981:
1979:
1976:
1974:
1971:
1970:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1957:
1950:
1945:
1943:
1938:
1936:
1931:
1930:
1927:
1921:
1918:
1916:
1913:
1912:
1908:
1902:
1896:
1893:. Greenwood.
1892:
1887:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1871:
1866:
1862:
1856:
1852:
1847:
1843:
1841:0-85177-985-9
1837:
1833:
1828:
1824:
1822:1-84037-294-X
1818:
1814:
1809:
1805:
1803:0-7509-4479-X
1799:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1780:
1776:
1771:
1770:
1766:
1759:
1754:
1751:
1747:. 2019-05-08.
1746:
1740:
1737:
1726:on 2018-08-16
1725:
1721:
1715:
1712:
1707:
1701:
1698:
1693:
1687:
1684:
1673:on 2019-07-21
1672:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1648:on 2019-04-14
1647:
1643:
1637:
1634:
1629:
1623:
1620:
1615:
1609:
1606:
1595:on 2019-12-30
1594:
1590:
1584:
1581:
1576:
1570:
1567:
1562:
1556:
1553:
1547:
1544:
1538:
1535:
1529:
1526:
1520:
1517:
1509:
1503:
1500:
1494:
1492:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1484:
1480:
1474:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1459:
1455:
1454:1-56091-081-X
1451:
1445:
1443:
1441:
1437:
1431:
1429:
1425:
1419:
1417:
1415:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1405:
1403:
1401:
1397:
1391:
1388:
1382:
1379:
1373:
1370:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1351:
1349:
1346:
1345:
1344:
1343:
1342:Related lists
1336:
1333:
1331:
1328:
1325:
1322:
1320:
1317:
1315:
1312:
1310:
1307:
1305:
1302:
1301:
1300:
1299:
1292:
1287:
1285:
1281:
1278:
1276:
1272:
1269:
1267:
1262:
1261:
1257:
1252:
1250:
1246:
1243:
1241:
1237:
1235:
1231:
1228:
1227:
1223:
1218:
1215:
1213:81 cm (32 in)
1212:
1209:
1206:
1203:
1201:
1198:
1195:
1194:
1190:
1188:
1187:
1180:
1176:
1171:
1164:
1159:
1155:
1151:
1148:, located at
1147:
1143:
1141:
1137:
1133:
1129:
1126:
1123:
1119:
1115:
1111:
1108:
1105:
1101:
1097:
1094:
1091:
1087:
1083:
1080:
1077:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1063:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1030:
1027:
1024:
1023:
1022:
1016:
1011:
1008:
1005:
1002:
1000:
997:
994:
991:
988:
985:
982:
979:
977:
974:
972:
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967:
964:
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957:
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951:
948:
945:
943:
940:
937:
934:
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928:
926:
923:
922:
917:
910:
908:
906:
896:
893:
890:
887:
884:
881:
880:
876:
873:
870:
867:
864:
861:
860:
856:
853:
850:
847:
844:
841:
840:
836:
833:
830:
827:
824:
821:
820:
816:
813:
810:
807:
804:
801:
800:
794:
789:
786:
784:
780:
777:
773:
770:
767:
764:
761:
758:
755:
751:
748:
747:
741:
738:
737:
735:
731:
728:
725:
722:
721:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
700:
697:
694:
691:
688:
687:
685:
682:
681:
675:
672:
671:
669:
665:
661:
658:
646:
643:
642:
641:
640:
636:
628:
626:
624:
623:Arsenal VG-70
620:
616:
611:
609:
605:
601:
597:
593:
589:
585:
576:
568:
561:
559:
557:
553:
548:
546:
542:
538:
534:
533:Otto Hartkopf
530:
525:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
502:
493:
490:
487:
483:
482:
481:
478:
476:
472:
468:
460:
455:
448:
443:
439:
435:
431:
428:
422:
420:
415:
413:
408:
404:
400:
395:
393:
389:
384:
380:
377:
373:
369:
365:
361:
357:
353:
348:
346:
341:
339:
327:
322:
320:
317:, which used
316:
307:
299:
292:
290:
288:
284:
280:
277:, led by Sir
276:
272:
268:
263:
261:
257:
256:
251:
247:
243:
237:
235:
231:
227:
226:
221:
220:
215:
210:
208:
204:
200:
196:
192:
188:
184:
180:
176:
171:
168:
164:
163:Helmut Schelp
160:
156:
152:
144:
142:
140:
139:Horten Ho 229
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
103:
99:
96:
91:
90:
86:
83:
82:
79:
76:
74:Manufacturer
73:
72:
69:
66:
61:
60:
57:
54:
51:
50:
45:
41:
36:
31:
19:
2458:
2436:Gas turbines
2429:(109 series)
2370:
2302:Avia designs
2295:aero engines
2219:
2207:Gas turbines
2083:
1956:Junkers Jumo
1890:
1882:the original
1873:
1850:
1831:
1812:
1793:
1774:
1767:Bibliography
1753:
1739:
1728:. Retrieved
1724:the original
1714:
1700:
1686:
1675:. Retrieved
1671:the original
1661:
1650:. Retrieved
1646:the original
1636:
1622:
1608:
1597:. Retrieved
1593:the original
1583:
1569:
1555:
1546:
1537:
1528:
1519:
1502:
1473:
1461:
1390:
1381:
1372:
1341:
1340:
1324:Lockheed J37
1297:
1296:
1282:
1273:
1263:
1253:Single-stage
1247:
1238:
1229:
1216:
1210:
1204:
1196:
1185:
1184:
1118:Dayton, Ohio
1020:
1004:OKB-1 EF 131
956:Gotha Go 229
949:
925:Arado Ar 234
911:Applications
904:
902:
754:afterburning
739:
734:World War II
713:
707:
701:
695:
689:
673:
668:Arado Ar 234
638:
634:
632:
612:
604:Klimov RD-10
603:
600:Soviet Union
591:
581:
549:
526:
517:
509:
508:, which was
500:
497:
479:
474:
464:
458:
446:
436:
432:
423:
418:
416:
396:
349:
342:
323:
314:
312:
264:
253:
238:
223:
217:
211:
194:
191:supercharger
183:Anselm Franz
174:
172:
148:
135:Arado Ar 234
127:World War II
110:
108:
98:Arado Ar 234
1477:Meher-Homji
1258:Performance
1244:Can-type, 6
1230:Compressor:
1217:Dry weight:
1150:Paine Field
976:Horten H.IX
877:10,000 rpm
514:Junkers 213
491:Diesel oil.
471:plug nozzle
469:known as a
427:Max Bentele
403:flat engine
326:Max Bentele
319:diesel fuel
287:body panels
283:sheet metal
246:annular can
2707:Categories
1730:2020-01-24
1677:2020-01-24
1652:2020-01-24
1599:2020-01-24
1359:References
1240:Combustors
1224:Components
936:Avia CS-92
897:6,600 rpm
857:8,700 rpm
837:8,700 rpm
740:109-004D-4
714:109-004B-4
708:109-004B-3
702:109-004B-2
696:109-004B-1
690:109-004B-0
674:109-004A-0
556:Roy Fedden
545:Combustors
461:centrebody
388:set screws
368:mild steel
360:molybdenum
279:Roy Fedden
242:flame cans
214:compressor
167:Hans Mauch
84:First run
2115:See also
2098:Turboprop
1211:Diameter:
1186:Data from
1072:Cambridge
1048:Australia
1040:Melbourne
950:Huckebein
930:Avia S-92
888:11A 8C 2T
848:8A 6Cn 1T
778:Avia M-04
596:Avia S-92
592:Avia M-04
570:Avia M-04
529:Magdeburg
379:magnesium
230:Göttingen
33:Jumo 004
18:Jumo 004B
2158:Tumansky
2077:Turbojet
1293:See also
1264:Maximum
1232:8-stage
1200:Turbojet
1086:Hannover
1044:Victoria
885:Turbojet
882:109-004H
868:8A 6C 1T
865:Turbojet
862:109-004D
845:Turbojet
842:109-004C
828:8A 6C 1T
825:Turbojet
822:109-004B
771:109-004H
765:109-004G
759:109-004F
749:109-004E
729:109-004D
723:109-004C
683:109-004B
659:109-004A
629:Variants
621:and the
584:Malešice
498:Costing
115:turbojet
56:Turbojet
2425:(RLM)
2331:designs
1456:, p. 45
1309:BMW 003
1249:Turbine
1205:Length:
1181:in 1946
1122:Me 262s
1090:Germany
1062:Germany
989:(RD-10)
814:Weight
808:Layout
651:⁄
644:109-004
602:as the
541:fodding
522:BMW 801
506:BMW 003
475:Zwiebel
459:Zwiebel
447:Zwiebel
412:HeS 011
407:oil mix
267:Heinkel
250:turbine
234:BMW 003
195:109-004
179:Junkers
155:Heinkel
123:Junkers
78:Junkers
68:Germany
2329:Walter
2117:HeS 30
1897:
1857:
1838:
1819:
1800:
1781:
1452:
1279:3.14:1
1266:thrust
1140:NMUSAF
1058:Munich
615:France
392:brazed
383:stator
358:, and
356:cobalt
352:nickel
260:Berlin
187:turbo-
2381:Vr.36
2319:Vr.30
2314:Rk.17
2309:Rk.12
2220:RD-10
1511:(PDF)
1364:Notes
1197:Type:
805:Type
787:RD-10
372:Krupp
271:Hirth
252:with
87:1940
52:Type
2376:M462
2371:M-04
2353:M437
2348:M337
2343:M332
2338:M137
2292:Avia
2250:R-29
2245:R-25
2240:R-21
2235:R-15
2230:R-13
2225:R-11
2215:RD-9
2197:M-90
2192:M-88
2187:M-87
2182:M-86
2177:M-85
1895:ISBN
1878:ASME
1855:ISBN
1836:ISBN
1817:ISBN
1798:ISBN
1779:ISBN
1450:ISBN
1288:1.25
1144:The
817:RPM
775:rpm.
666:and
419:004B
376:cast
315:004A
189:and
165:and
109:The
2692:739
2687:729
2682:719
2677:718
2672:708
2667:613
2662:603
2657:593
2652:573
2647:563
2642:559
2637:558
2632:553
2627:548
2622:543
2617:533
2612:532
2607:528
2602:522
2597:515
2592:513
2587:512
2582:511
2577:510
2572:509
2567:508
2562:507
2557:506
2552:502
2547:501
2542:500
2537:448
2519:044
2514:028
2509:022
2504:021
2499:018
2494:016
2489:014
2484:012
2479:011
2474:007
2469:006
2464:005
2459:004
2454:003
2449:002
2444:001
2105:022
2089:012
2084:004
2068:224
2063:223
2058:222
2053:218
2048:213
2043:211
2038:210
2033:208
2028:207
2023:206
2018:205
2013:204
2008:203
2003:L88
1998:L55
1152:in
613:In
586:in
524:.
199:RLM
159:RLM
2709::
1993:L8
1988:L7
1983:L5
1978:L2
1973:L1
1876:.
1872:.
1482:^
1439:^
1427:^
1399:^
1134:,
1130:,
1116:,
1112:,
1102:,
1088:,
1084:,
1074:,
1070:,
1060:,
1056:,
1046:,
1042:,
1038:,
1034:,
736:.
653:10
625:.
518:RM
510:RM
501:RM
394:.
354:,
236:.
2415:e
2408:t
2401:v
2284:e
2277:t
2270:v
2150:e
2143:t
2136:v
1948:e
1941:t
1934:v
1903:.
1863:.
1844:.
1825:.
1806:.
1787:.
1733:.
1708:.
1694:.
1680:.
1655:.
1630:.
1616:.
1602:.
1577:.
1563:.
1286::
1277::
1268::
1251::
1242::
756:.
649:1
633:(
334:f
330:f
269:-
240:"
20:)
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