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29:
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637:
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thicker to accommodate these supporting members; while orthodox attitudes of the era favoured thin profiles, the aerodynamic qualities of the F 13 was quite favourable, largely as a result of diligent experimentation. Another advantage was that, while the polar curve for thin profile wings typically had a relatively restricted range of application, such as for high-speed flight or a rapid rate of climb, of a higher climb, the polar curve of thicker profile wings could perform more adequately across both circumstances.
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223:
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1918:
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338:, in favour of an all-metal approach that had been pioneered by Junkers. This switch eliminated concerns over the variable quality of available wood, and the procurement difficulties in obtaining high quality wood that would be well-suited for aeronautical purposes. It also dispensed with various other concerns, as it was perceived as more difficult to maintain the calibrated dimensions of wood due to
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the weight of the
Junkers F 13 was beneath that of all other airplanes, wood or metal, of the same class, as a result of thorough aerodynamic studies conducted by the company. Furthermore, it was also felt that the metal approach would increase structural safety and serviceability. In comparison to its wooden contemporaries, the F 13's all-metal approach was slower to
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234:
506:. German manufacturers had further problems with the restrictions imposed by the Inter-Allied Aeronautical Commission of Control, which banned the production of warplanes and of any aircraft in the period of 1921-22. Junkers picked up orders abroad in 1919 in Austria, Poland and the USA and, in the following years with
436:. These floats, which were made of duralumin, were each internally divided into six tight compartments. The aircraft could be similarly equipped for taking off or landing upon snow or ice via the removal of the wheels and substituting them for duralumin runners while a shoe would be attached to the tail skid.
206:
thirty. There were many versions including floatplanes for water landing, skis, mailplane, and different engines. Several survive in various states of repair in museums, and a replica of the type was put back in production in the 2010s, taking flight once again nearly a century after the type first flew.
453:
and achieved a mechanical efficiency at least equal to that of wooden ones. Junkers also worked on metal propellers of its own make, the hollow sections of which diminishes in line with the laws of bodies of uniform resistance. Advantages presented by metal propellers include the ability to replace a
330:
was entirely avoided. Instead of exposing the supporting elements to the external air currents, all of the bracing was located within the wing itself, thus providing a neater solution from an aerodynamic perspective. As a consequence of this arrangement, the profile of the wing had to be considerable
659:
Junkers
Flugzeugwerke (SD303) has resurrected the Junkers F 13 as an all-new airplane to honor Hugo Junkers’ achievements. The company completed the aircraft in 2016 and it is at EBACE commemorating the type's maiden flight 100 years ago. The model is available for purchase, and three others like it
391:
while the overall structure was fairly resistant to dynamic overloading. In another departure from conventional practices of the time, the fuselage was placed on the wing; this permitted the framework of the wing's central section to form the base of both the fuselage and the cabin. Accordingly, the
535:
in 1921 to encourage the acquisition of the F 13 by German airlines and was flying 60 of them by 1923. They also established a branch of this airline in Iran. Other marketing techniques were used, providing F 13s on cheap leases and free loans, with such effect that some 16 operators across Europe
439:
The aerodynamic efficiency of the F 13 meant that less engine power than had been anticipated could be used; various engines from a variety of suppliers could be installed. Easy access to all points of the engine was possible while various components could be exchanged within a short timeframe. The
663:
The replica F 13 made its maiden flight on 15 September 2016, the culmination of many of years of work on the part of supporters of the project. . The replica was created from original blueprints and also a laser scan of the type at the Museum of Air and Space at Le
Bourget, Paris. The replica has
382:
The supporting surface, which was the basis of the structure, comprises three parts, in order to facilitate transportation. The outer portions of the wings were secured to the framework of the central wing section, whose spars consisted of nine duralumin tubes, in a manner that assured symmetry of
358:
Somewhat offsetting the difficulties of developing a new arrangement to permit the installation of all supporting framework internally, the use of metal enabled a substantial number of new construction features to be adopted. Although the specific gravity of duralumin is greater than that of wood,
1756:
On 1 September 1920, a
Junkers-Larsen JL-6 caught fire and crashed in Morristown, NJ. Max Miller, the United States Air Mail Service's first pilot was at the controls and, along with his mechanic/crewman, Gustav Reierson, perished. They managed to eject all nine mail bags before the plane hit the
407:
was operated using pedals. Various sliding doors were present for inspection and serviceability purposes for the various control cables, levers, and tubes. Provision was made for the installation of dual flight controls, a feature that was thought to be of particular importance during long-range
205:
A total of 322 aircraft were manufactured, a considerably large number for a commercial airliner of the era, and were operated all over the world. It accounted for over a third of air traffic in the early 1920s. It remained in production for thirteen years and in commercial service for more than
444:
was specially designed by
Junkers to possess a high level of efficiency as well as being relatively lightweight; the pilot was able to regulate the engine temperature via the adjustable shutters. Those aircraft intended for use in a tropical country were typically provided with an additional
616:
were commonplace and even, in some places, more useful than regular aircraft. Aside from the obvious addition of floats, little modification was needed for this conversion; however, the different configuration could cause issues with directional control, and so some models had their
1839:
23 July 1933, registration CF-ALX named "City of Prince George" crashed into a tree on takeoff in the
Canadian wilderness. The wreck was later recovered in 1981 and used as the basis for restoration for museum piece. The aircraft was originally named the Königsgeier (King
469:
with a rear skid, though some variants were fitted with floats or on skis. The cabin was relatively sizable and elegantly furnished for the era; in addition to the four passengers it accommodated, room for another passenger or crew member was present alongside the pilot.
423:
supports functioned as spring struts. A V-shaped strut arrangement assured sufficient rigidity while the distance between the wheels was thought to be sufficient to prevent the aircraft turning over even during an oblique landing. The tail skid was both jointed and
408:
flights. All of the tail surfaces had fairly large areas that benefitted not only the aircraft's manoeuvrability but also its steadiness in flight. Another departure from convention was the means of adjusting the stabilizer to compensate for weight variations; a
392:
aircraft had a relatively strong superstructure while also reducing its weight. One advantage of the position of the wing was that it afforded the best possible protection to the cabin and its occupants, in the event of a rough or emergency landing.
256:
The F 13 was a very advanced aircraft when built, an aerodynamically clean all-metal low-wing cantilever monoplane. It was the world's first all-metal passenger aircraft and
Junkers' first commercial aircraft. The designation letter F stood for
1728:
354:
that would find widespread use in aeronautical circles. This metal has greater uniform strength to the aircraft, which made it easier to design; greater ease of calculation increased the economics of this choice as well.
445:
radiator. Considerable attention was paid to the development of propellers, which was shaped by extensive research into aspects such as the pitch, blade section and diameter. The initial propellers used were composed of
268:
inline upright water-cooled engine. The first production machines had a wing of greater span and area and was furnished with the more powerful 140 kW (185 hp) BMW IIIa upright inline water-cooled motor.
3061:
Andersson, Lennart (July 1998). "Histoire de l'aéronautique persane, 1921–1941: La première aviation du Chah d'Iran" [History of the
Persian Air Force, 1921–1941: The First Aircraft of the Shah of Iran].
2795:
1812:
On 3 September 1926, a SCADTA F 13, registration A-10, collided with cloud-obscured terrain between Honda and La
Victoria, Colombia. The two crew and two passengers were injured, and the aircraft was a total
798:
692:
first prototype, smaller wings (span 14.47 m/47 ft 5.75 in, area 38.9 m /419 ft²) and less powerful engine 127 kW (170 hp) Mercedes D IIIa inline) than production models.
4009:
652:
A German-Swiss project to build a reconstruction of the F 13 was launched in 2009; the first flight was in
September 2016. The reconstruction is equipped with radio and a transponder, and uses a 1930s
1826:
at Meopham, near Gravesend, Kent, due to structural failure, killing all six on board including its second pilot, Lt Col George L P Henderson, a pilot with considerable skill and war-time experience.
612:. During the formative years of commercial aviation, bodies of water such as rivers, lakes, seas and oceans were more abundant than landing strips and civil airports in many parts of the world, so
412:
positioned near the rear of the fuselage could offset nose-heaviness or tail-heaviness by means of a pump controlled by the pilot that would withdraw or add sufficient fuel to achieve equilibrium.
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itself bought 55 aircraft and in 1928 were using them on 43 domestic routes. Even in 1937, their F 13s were flying over 50 flights per week on four routes. They were finally withdrawn in 1938.
454:
single blade (instead of the whole propeller), a lack of sensitivity to climate influences, and the potential to shape the propeller hub to vary the propeller pitch for either speed or climb.
383:
the wings. These wings could be mounted and demounted by two men within a few minutes. A cantilever girder comprised the core of the wing's framework. The external metal covering, which was
1816:
On 27 July 1927, a Deutsche Luft Hansa F 13, registration D-206, crashed at Amöneburg, Germany after attempting an emergency landing due to engine failure, killing all five on board.
708:
all with the 149 kW (200 hp) Junkers L2 upright inline water-cooled engine and a series of structural modifications. The fa variant was about 1 m (3 ft) longer.
428:; it could be readily replaced and was sizable enough to protect the fuselage from sustaining serious damage. Furthermore, special connections were present for the installation of
4002:
3298:
2637:
1819:
On 26 May 1928 at 08:15, a Deutsche Lufthansa Junkers F 13, registration D-583, crashed at Hahnenberg, Radevormwald, Germany due to pilot error, killing three of five on board.
660:
are currently under construction. Work was in progress on the second and third aircraft during 2019, with airframe number two's maiden flight planned for early that summer.
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2801:
514:. John Larsen Aircraft in the USA purchased a production licence, their machines being designated JL-6. In 1922 there were sales in England, France Italy and Japan.
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for the crew, roofed but without side glazing. There was an enclosed and heated cabin completed with both with windows and doors. Passenger seats were fitted with
261:(aircraft); it was the first Junkers aeroplane to use this system. Earlier Junkers notation labelled it J 13. Russian-built aircraft used the designation Ju 13.
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342:, the same factor also hindered interchangeability; metal posed less of a fire hazard as well. Unlike Junker's early metal aircraft, which was composed of
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3435:
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1317:
1836:
On 2 November 1932 a Deutsche Luft Hansa F 13, registration D-724, crashed at Echterspfahl, Germany due to wing separation, killing all five on board.
227:
299:
and the second the engine. Junkers L5-engined variants all had the second letter -e, so type -fe was the long fuselage -f airframe with a L5 engine.
2661:
1760:
On 8 June 1924, a SCADTA F 13, registration A13, stalled and crashed into a tree on takeoff from Barranquilla, Colombia, killing all five on board.
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with enclosed accommodation for four passengers and a two seat open cockpit. Like all Junkers duralumin-structured designs, from the 1918
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1669:
773:. Their models have modern features, like more and better instruments, while the outward appearance is the one of a Junkers-Larsen JL-6.
644:
28:
886:
93:
3314:
1809:
On 24 July 1926, a Deutsche Luft Hansa F 13, registration D-272, crashed at Juist, Germany due to weather, killing all four on board.
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engine, but is otherwise as close as possible to the original. Additional reconstructions are to be sold for $ 2.5 million each.
379:, quickly became commonplace. In general, the life of a metal aircraft was believed to be far greater than that of a wooden one.
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5155:
5104:
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near Moscow, which became known as "Plant no. 22". Some of these aircraft served Soviet airlines while others were used by the
502:
was faced with competition from the very large numbers of surplus warplanes that might be cheaply converted – for example, the
1790:, killing all five on board. This crash is particularly famous because three high ranking Soviet officials died in the crash.
4270:
3428:
1931:
881:
2859:
1843:
On 9 October 1935, an Aero O/Y F 13, registration OH-ALI, crashed into the Gulf of Finland in fog, killing all six on board.
1833:
died, together with pilot Jindrich Broucek, when his Junkers J13, registration D-1608 crashed after taking off in heavy fog.
624:
From their introduction in 1919 F 13s were in service for more than thirty years; the last commercial F 13 was retired in
517:
The F13 was a very popular civilian aircraft, carrying it is estimated 40% of the world's air traffic in the early 1920s.
326:
and guywires out of necessity, the wing of the F 13 lacked any stay-wires; their elimination meant that a major source of
1890:
1352:
for a short period operated single aircraft, which crash-landed in Lithuania after illegally passing its border in 1919.
790:
4856:
2910:
934:
received the first F 13 as a gift from the German community on the occasion of the centennial of Bolivian independence.
318:
The Junkers F 13 was an all-metal transport aircraft; its construction and several of its design features, such as its
249:, Germany throughout the 1910s. These efforts were responsible for producing multiple new ideas pertaining not only to
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A feature that made the F 13 popular internationally was the ease with which its landing gear could be converted to
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In terms of its material composition, the F 13 had intentionally discarded traditional materials, such as wood and
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wing, were particularly noteworthy for the era. Unlike traditional wings of the era, which had to use external
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operated one ex-air force aircraft (serial no: 882) equipped with aerial photo system from 1933 to 1938.
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were unable to damage metal aircraft. It was partially for this reason that use of the F 13 in various
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as the above but all with 230 kW (310 hp) Junkers L5 upright inline water-cooled engines.
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89:
81:
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Most of the F 13s produced before production ended in 1932 were built at Junkers German base at
1415:
490:
295:. The variants were mostly distinguished by a two letter code, the first letter signifying the
5079:
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3303:. Serie en Argentina (in Spanish). Vol. 3. Bahía Blanca, Argentina: Fuerzas Aeronavales.
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1884:
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782:
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duralumin skin. Internally, the wing was built up on nine circular cross-section duralumin
5074:
4360:
2137:
1904:
284:
195:
163:
152:
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operated at least four F 13s (registered CH-91/92/93/94) between 1919 and probably 1930.
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Modern replica first flown 15 September 2016. With the approval of the Junkers heirs,
551:. During the difficult 1921–23 period production was transferred to Junkers plants at
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568:
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179:
3046:
Andersson, Lennart. "Chinese 'Junks': Junkers Aircraft Exports to China 1925-1940".
744:
Ground-attack derivative of the Junkers-Larsen JL-6, with 300 kW (400 hp)
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2600 parts and tens of thousands of rivets and is powered by a Wasp radial engine.
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303:
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but also the employment and working of lightweight metal construction in aviation.
250:
242:
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2728:[A feeling of flight like in 1920 - but with the most modern technology].
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Waernberg: Junkers F-13 det forsta trafikflygplanet i Sverige (Karlskrona 1992)
3362:
Vagvolgyi: Junkers F-13 : a Junkers repulogepek tortenete 1909-tol 1932-ig"
2703:
1627:
1519:
1245:
605:
along with the Shanghai Aircraft Factory. The Turkish Flying Forces flew a few.
591:
499:
432:, which could be rapidly substituted for the wheels, to convert the F 13 into a
420:
175:
151:
is the world's first all-metal transport aircraft, designed and produced by the
3297:
Cicalesi, Juan Carlos; Rivas, Santiago (2009). Núñez Padin, Jorge Felix (ed.).
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4340:
4285:
4275:
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4122:
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operated about 110 aircraft, a large part taken over from Junkers Luftverkehr
4721:
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2140:
six-cylinder water-cooled in-line piston engine, 118 kW (158 hp)
1852:
1822:
On 21 July 1930, a Croydon-based Walcot Air Line F 13, registration G-AAZK,
1425:
1342:
851:
613:
462:
347:
264:
The F 13 first flew on 25 June 1919, powered by a 127 kW (170 hp)
187:
183:
171:
552:
3370:
3149:
Ferguson, William Paul (1977). "The Canadian Junkers: An Arctic Journey".
2985:
1943:
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190:) structure entirely covered with Junkers' characteristic corrugated and
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1046:
986:
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902:
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57:
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used the F 13 (and the related W.33, W.34 and K.43) as bombers in the
1803:
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1408:
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1309:
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as ca to fa but all with the 186 kW (250 hp) BMW IV engine.
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404:
335:
246:
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engine, armored, and armed with a downward-pointing battery of 30
738:
American version of the F 13 built by Junkers-Larsen. Eight built.
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232:
221:
213:
1261:
465:, unusual for the time. The F 13 has a fixed conventional split
3991:
3417:
2846:"The German Investigation of the Accident at Meopham (England)"
403:
were actuated by the pilot via a column with a wheel while the
241:
What would become the F 13 originated in the work of Professor
1921:
F 13 remains from Canada in the Deutsches Technikmuseum Berlin
524:
first airplane was a Junkers F 13; first flight took off from
4942:
1856:
Serial number 715 at Tekniska Museet in Sweden. It flew with
4622:
4202:
3130:
Emrich, Christian (December 1981 – March 1982). "Talkback".
2726:"Ein Fluggefühl wie anno 1920 – aber mit modernster Technik"
1802:
who were flying to meet Trotsky who was in convalescence in
4490:
3359:
Stroud: Wings of Peace: The Junkers F13 (Aeroplane Monthly)
1329:
First Lithuanian Air Mail stamp (1921) featured Junker F13.
272:
Many variants were built using Mercedes, BMW, Junkers, and
4907:
4028:
2621:"Centenary Celebrations for a Commercial Aviation Classic"
387:
for increased strength, helped to withstand the stress of
4206:
3264:(in German). Bonn, Germany: Bernard & Graefe Verlag.
1868:
There are five surviving F 13 airframes, all in museums.
1321:- national airline, operated three aircraft in 1922–1925.
698:
first production aircraft with 140 kW (185 hp)
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4083:
3219:
Terry, Gerard (December 1981 – March 1982). "Talkback".
3183:
Gerdesson, F. (December 1981 – March 1982). "Talkback".
1666:
operated two ex-military aircraft between 1933 and 1938.
536:
were flying them. When Junkers Luftverkehr merged into
395:
The flight controls were fairly conventional, both the
33:
Junkers F 13 over the Aérodrome de Cerny-La-Ferté-Alais
4246:
2638:"Official Maiden Flight of Rimowa Replica Junkers F13"
1980:
four passengers or 689 kg (1,519 lb) payload
1767:
F 13, c/n 579, registration No. B-LATA, operating for
1213:
Aero R.T. operated six aircraft between 1923 and 1927.
419:
was largely composed of steel tubing; a total of four
3409:
Junkers F 13 photos from the Budapest Aviation Museum
3242:. New York, US: Airco Publishing Co. pp. 17–20.
498:
Any manufacturer of civil aircraft immediately after
4163:
3238:
Turner, P. St. John & Nowarra, Heinz J. (1971).
3096:
Andersson, Lennart (March–April 1999). "Round-Out".
2594:"Junkers F13 Makes a Triumphant Return to the Skies"
1955:
Hugo Junkers Pionier der Luftfahrt - Seine Flugzeuge
4940:
4905:
4770:
4620:
4548:
4488:
4319:
4244:
4196:
4161:
4081:
4026:
3839:
3793:
3693:
3452:
1782:F 13, registration R-RECA, crashed on takeoff from
1550:
operated four aircraft obtained from Union Airways.
540:in 1926, 9.5 million miles had been flown by them.
198:with transverse bracing. All control surfaces were
137:
129:
121:
113:
108:
100:
73:
63:
51:
43:
38:
21:
889:started flying with F 13 and operated 24 aircraft0
3329:Endres: The Junkers F13 in Poland (Air Pictorial)
732:with the 230 kW (310 hp) BMW Va engine.
3348:Pohlmann: Prof. Junkers nannte es "Die Fliege" (
3165:Gerdessen, F. "Estonian Air Power 1918 – 1945".
2886:"Reserve collection, Museé de L'Air, Le Bourget"
1692:Civil register lists five F 13s during the 1930s
363:; it was also less expensive to protect against
2157:six-cylinder water-cooled in-line piston engine
1934:, Germany (this is an wrecked aircraft example)
567:to produce the aircraft in a Soviet factory at
1660:operated three aircraft between 1925 and 1933.
1395:operated three aircraft between 1925 and 1931.
1248:operated three aircraft between 1928 and 1931.
838:acquired four aircraft from 1924 through 1928.
486:of Lloyd Ostflug then Junkers Luftverkehrs AG.
4003:
3429:
3207:, No. 18, April – July 1982. pp. 78–79.
3171:, No. 18, April – July 1982. pp. 61–76.
3118:, No. 18, April – July 1982. pp. 79–80.
2580:
2378:
2343:
1432:) operated 16 aircraft between 1922 and 1929.
457:Behind the single engine was a semi-enclosed
449:wood that was protected by metal along their
8:
3064:Avions: Toute l'aéronautique et son histoire
2558:
2556:
1467:operated one aircraft between 1929 and 1931.
989:operated two aircraft between 1927 and 1928.
3283:National Advisory Committee for Aeronautics
346:and thus quite heavy, the F 13 was made of
4010:
3996:
3988:
3436:
3422:
3414:
3391:. München, Germany: Curt Pechstein Verlag.
1318:Latvijas Gaisa Satiksmes Akciju Sabiedriba
578:There were some other military users. The
226:The Junkers F 13 viewed from above at the
18:
3375:Wagner: Junkers F13 und ihre Vorlaeufer (
3084:, No. 18, April – July 1982. p. 80.
2978:"F 13 at the Technical Museum, Stockholm"
2528:
2526:
2516:
2514:
2512:
2493:
2491:
2489:
2487:
2459:
2457:
2455:
2226:1,400 km (870 mi, 760 nmi)
2176:173 km/h (107 mph, 93 kn)
955:Syndicato Condor - Serviços Aéreos Condor
676:Junkers-Larsen JL-6 as a floatplane, 1920
601:in 1932, when they were destroyed by the
302:The F13 was the basis for developing the
2675:(5): 73. 2 February 1922. Archived from
2330:
2328:
2326:
2201:160 km/h (99 mph, 86 kn)
1942:
1442:and operated them between 1929 and 1936.
684:F 13 with a radial engine and skis, 1940
3279:"All-metal Junkers airplane, type F 13"
3262:Pionier der Luftfahrt - Seine Flugzeuge
2313:
367:and most other atmospheric conditions.
4019:Swedish military aircraft designations
2949:"F 13 at the Budapest Aircraft Museum"
2774:"General Command of Mapping in Turkey"
887:Österreichische Luftverkehrs AG (ÖLAG)
162:Produced shortly after the end of the
3050:, No. 55, Autumn 1994, pp. 2–7.
2632:
2630:
2061:34.50 m (371.4 sq ft)
1829:On 12 July 1932, Czech industrialist
1751:Another angle of the damaged airplane
1438:took over 15 remaining aircraft from
654:Pratt & Whitney R-985 Wasp Junior
7:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2387:
1713:United States Post Office Department
1106:operated F 13 between 1922 and 1927.
802:F13 floatplanes in Budapest, Hungary
648:One of the new Junkers F 13 replicas
512:United States Post Office Department
2399:"Canadian Junkers to Berlin Museum"
2036:3.50 m (11 ft 6 in)
2011:14.8 m (48 ft 7 in)
1986:9.59 m (31 ft 6 in)
1670:General Command of Mapping (Turkey)
720:variants with the Junkers L5 above.
3286:, 1 May 1926. NACA-AC-6, 93R14603.
3201:Guest, Carl-Fredrick. "Talkback".
2923:"F 13 at Deutsches Museum, Munich"
14:
3334:"The Junkers All-metal Monoplane"
1393:Mongolian People's Army Air Force
1181:, primary user until merger with
621:extended to compensate for this.
531:Junkers set up its own airline –
375:countries, particularly those in
3078:Andersson, Lennart. "Talkback".
1775:. No fatalities were registered.
1698:
1678:
1643:
1620:
1593:
1561:
1533:
1500:
1473:
1448:
1401:
1378:
1357:
1335:
1302:
1289:
1276:
1254:
1231:
1199:
1162:
1149:
1112:
1089:
1063:
1030:
1017:
995:
967:
940:
917:
895:
867:
844:
820:
808:
27:
3389:Deutsche Flugzeug Konstrukteure
3240:Junkers: an aircraft album No.3
3136:. No. 17. pp. 34–35.
3112:Dulaitis, David D. "Talkback".
2257:2.40 m/s (472 ft/min)
2074:44 m (474 sq ft)
1959:Junkers: an aircraft album No.3
1926:In storage or under restoration
3300:Junkers F13 / W34 / K43 / Ju52
2748:www.mexicanaviationhistory.com
2730:Swiss Radio and Television SRF
2232:5,000 m (16,000 ft)
2153:1 x 228 kW (306 hp)
2111:1,640 kg (3,616 lb)
1932:Deutsches Technikmuseum Berlin
882:Austrian Air Force (1927-1938)
245:and his Research Institute in
182:, (some 35 models), it has an
1:
3405:on the Hugo Junkers Homepage.
2844:Blenk, Hermann (April 1932).
2732:(in German). 17 October 2021.
2662:"The 'J.L.-12' Attack 'Plane"
2245:5,090 m (16,699 ft)
2124:2,318 kg (5,110 lb)
2099:1,480 kg (3,263 lb)
1879:Musée de l'Air et de l'Espace
1732:Emergency landing of Finnish
228:Musée de l’air et de l’espace
5166:Aircraft first flown in 1919
3344:(3): 35–38. 18 January 1923.
2600:. No. 20 September 2016
2214:170 km/h (106 mph)
2189:198 km/h (123 mph)
2086:951 kg (2,097 lb)
1891:Transport Museum of Budapest
632:Back in Production 2009-2019
494:The F13 cabin for passengers
3225:. No. 17. p. 35.
3189:. No. 17. p. 34.
2619:Laboda, Amy (23 May 2019).
2266:0.0712 kW/kg (0.0443 hp/lb)
1881:, Le Bourget, Paris, France
1464:Serviços Aéreos Portugueses
563:signed a contract with the
5182:
2911:Museé de L'Air, Le Bourget
2744:"Mexican Aviation History"
2700:Air Britain Aviation World
1613:Aktiebolaget Aerotransport
1522:operated several aircraft.
1269:Imperial Iranian Air Force
590:flew F 13s converted into
289:Pratt & Whitney Hornet
3257:Wagner, Wolfgang (1996).
2698:"General Aviation News".
2581:Turner & Nowarra 1971
2379:Turner & Nowarra 1971
2344:Turner & Nowarra 1971
2024:17.75 m (58 ft)
1999:10.50 m (34 ft)
1771:, crashed on approach to
1418:leased six aircraft from
26:
3066:(in French) (76): 2–12.
2049:3.60 m (12 ft)
1765:Latvijas Gaisa Satiksmes
1576:Union Aérea Española UAE
1493:Royal Romanian Air Force
1185:into Deutsche Luft Hansa
794:Finnish F13 in the 1920s
750:Thompson submachine guns
717:F 13dle, fle, ge, he, ke
3697:(experimental aircraft)
3694:Company EF designations
3004:Obnova památníku T.Bati
1965:General characteristics
1860:(D-343) until 1924 and
1724:Accidents and incidents
1554:South African Air Force
786:Ad Astra F13 circa 1920
640:Replica F 13 nose, 2019
528:on September 23, 1925.
237:Deutsches Museum's F 13
5156:1910s German airliners
3387:Zuerl, Walter (1941).
2797:British Civil Register
2360:. This Day in Aviation
1948:
1922:
1913:, Zlín, Czech Republic
1865:
1752:
1744:
1330:
828:Kingdom of Afghanistan
816:Emirate of Afghanistan
803:
795:
787:
764:Junkers Flugzeugwerke
685:
677:
649:
641:
533:Junkers Luftverkehr AG
495:
487:
238:
230:
219:
155:aircraft manufacturer
2988:on 20 September 2010.
2706:. 2018. p. 114.
1946:
1939:Specifications (F 13)
1920:
1855:
1750:
1731:
1548:South African Airways
1328:
1132:Kauhajoki Flying Club
932:Lloyd Aéreo Boliviano
801:
793:
785:
683:
675:
647:
639:
493:
481:
236:
225:
217:
3453:Company designations
3317:on 24 September 2015
3024:Wagner 1996, p. 155.
2562:NACA 1926, p. 10-11.
2541:NACA 1926, pp. 9-10.
2276:Related developments
1864:(SE-AAC) until 1935
1778:On 22 March 1925, a
1763:On 10 March 1926, a
1350:Lithuanian Air Force
1183:Deutscher Aero Lloyd
1142:Finnish Border Guard
762:Junkers was renamed
741:Junkers-Larsen JL-12
4489:Advanced trainers (
3033:Turner 1971, p. 20.
2804:on 16 December 2019
2506:NACA 1926, pp. 7-8.
2481:NACA 1926, pp. 3-4.
2472:NACA 1926, pp. 4-5.
2440:NACA 1926, pp. 2-3.
2422:NACA 1926, pp. 1-2.
2109:Max takeoff weight:
1911:Tomas Bata Memorial
1907:, Stockholm, Sweden
1877:Reserve collection
1872:Aircraft on display
1858:Junkers Luftverkehr
1796:Alexander Myasnikov
1436:LOT Polish Airlines
1224:Hungarian Air Force
1190:Deutsche Luft Hansa
1178:Junkers Luftverkehr
1070:Free City of Danzig
1056:Colombian Air Force
982:Bulgarian Air Force
859:Argentine Air Force
755:Rimowa Junkers F 13
735:Junkers-Larsen JL-6
723:F 13bi, ci, di, fi,
599:January 28 Incident
580:Colombian Air Force
510:(Colombia) and the
474:Operational history
285:Gnome-Rhône Jupiter
78:Junkers Luftverkehr
47:passenger transport
39:General information
3555:H 21 / J 21 / T 21
2784:on 30 August 2009.
1949:
1923:
1866:
1792:Solomon Mogilevsky
1753:
1745:
1718:United States Navy
1586:Cruz Roja Española
1331:
804:
796:
788:
711:F 13be, ce, de, fe
705:F 13ba, ca, da, fa
686:
678:
650:
642:
496:
488:
274:Armstrong Siddeley
239:
231:
220:
5143:
5142:
4906:Torpedo bombers (
4549:Trials aircraft (
4162:Army aeroplanes (
4027:Attack aircraft (
3985:
3984:
3310:978-987-20557-7-6
2982:tekniskamuseet.se
2550:NACA 1926, p. 10.
2356:Swopes, Bryan R.
1658:Turkish Air Force
1608:Swedish Air Force
1420:Danziger Luftpost
1371:Mexican Air Force
1137:Finnish Air Force
1077:Danziger Luftpost
1010:Chilean Air Force
588:Republic of China
584:Colombia–Peru War
350:, a light-weight
145:
144:
122:Introduction date
5173:
5161:Junkers aircraft
4944:
4909:
4774:
4624:
4621:Reconnaissance (
4552:
4492:
4323:
4248:
4208:
4204:
4200:
4165:
4085:
4030:
4012:
4005:
3998:
3989:
3698:
3438:
3431:
3424:
3415:
3392:
3345:
3326:
3324:
3322:
3313:. Archived from
3275:
3253:
3234:
3198:
3162:
3145:
3109:
3075:
3034:
3031:
3025:
3022:
3016:
3015:
3013:
3011:
3000:"Uvodni stránka"
2996:
2990:
2989:
2984:. Archived from
2974:
2968:
2967:
2965:
2964:
2955:. Archived from
2953:euro-t-guide.com
2945:
2939:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2925:. Archived from
2919:
2913:
2908:
2902:
2901:
2899:
2897:
2888:. Archived from
2882:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2862:. Archived from
2860:"Junkers Relics"
2856:
2850:
2849:
2841:
2835:
2834:
2832:
2831:
2820:
2814:
2813:
2811:
2809:
2800:. Archived from
2792:
2786:
2785:
2780:. Archived from
2770:
2764:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2750:. Archived from
2740:
2734:
2733:
2722:
2716:
2715:
2695:
2689:
2688:
2686:
2684:
2666:
2658:
2652:
2651:
2649:
2648:
2634:
2625:
2624:
2616:
2610:
2609:
2607:
2605:
2590:
2584:
2583:, pp. 18–20
2578:
2572:
2571:NACA 1926, p. 5.
2569:
2563:
2560:
2551:
2548:
2542:
2539:
2533:
2532:NACA 1926, p. 9.
2530:
2521:
2520:NACA 1926, p. 8.
2518:
2507:
2504:
2498:
2497:NACA 1926, p. 7.
2495:
2482:
2479:
2473:
2470:
2464:
2463:NACA 1926, p. 4.
2461:
2450:
2449:NACA 1926, p. 3.
2447:
2441:
2438:
2432:
2431:NACA 1926, p. 2.
2429:
2423:
2420:
2414:
2413:
2411:
2409:
2395:
2382:
2376:
2370:
2369:
2367:
2365:
2353:
2347:
2346:, pp. 17–18
2341:
2335:
2334:NACA 1926, p. 1.
2332:
2321:
2318:
2230:Service ceiling:
2169:
1967:
1885:Deutsches Museum
1862:AB Aerotransport
1800:Georgi Atarbekov
1740:, July 6, 1925,
1704:
1702:
1701:
1684:
1682:
1681:
1664:Turkish Air Post
1649:
1647:
1646:
1626:
1624:
1623:
1599:
1597:
1596:
1567:
1565:
1564:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1526:Soviet Air Force
1506:
1504:
1503:
1479:
1477:
1476:
1454:
1452:
1451:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1384:
1382:
1381:
1363:
1361:
1360:
1341:
1339:
1338:
1308:
1306:
1305:
1295:
1293:
1292:
1282:
1280:
1279:
1260:
1258:
1257:
1237:
1235:
1234:
1205:
1203:
1202:
1168:
1166:
1165:
1155:
1153:
1152:
1118:
1116:
1115:
1095:
1093:
1092:
1068:
1067:
1036:
1034:
1033:
1023:
1021:
1020:
1001:
999:
998:
973:
971:
970:
946:
944:
943:
923:
921:
920:
901:
899:
898:
873:
871:
870:
861:- three aircraft
850:
848:
847:
836:Afghan Air Force
826:
824:
823:
814:
812:
811:
586:in 1932–23. The
31:
19:
16:Type of airplane
5181:
5180:
5176:
5175:
5174:
5172:
5171:
5170:
5146:
5145:
5144:
5139:
4936:
4901:
4766:
4616:
4544:
4484:
4315:
4240:
4192:
4157:
4077:
4022:
4016:
3986:
3981:
3835:
3789:
3696:
3695:
3689:
3448:
3442:
3399:
3386:
3332:
3320:
3318:
3311:
3296:
3293:
3291:Further reading
3272:
3256:
3250:
3237:
3218:
3182:
3148:
3129:
3095:
3060:
3043:
3038:
3037:
3032:
3028:
3023:
3019:
3009:
3007:
2998:
2997:
2993:
2976:
2975:
2971:
2962:
2960:
2947:
2946:
2942:
2932:
2930:
2929:on 20 July 2015
2921:
2920:
2916:
2909:
2905:
2895:
2893:
2884:
2883:
2879:
2869:
2867:
2866:on 20 July 2011
2858:
2857:
2853:
2843:
2842:
2838:
2829:
2827:
2826:. 10 March 1926
2822:
2821:
2817:
2807:
2805:
2794:
2793:
2789:
2772:
2771:
2767:
2757:
2755:
2754:on 17 July 2009
2742:
2741:
2737:
2724:
2723:
2719:
2697:
2696:
2692:
2682:
2680:
2679:on 6 March 2012
2664:
2660:
2659:
2655:
2646:
2644:
2636:
2635:
2628:
2618:
2617:
2613:
2603:
2601:
2598:Flying Magazine
2592:
2591:
2587:
2579:
2575:
2570:
2566:
2561:
2554:
2549:
2545:
2540:
2536:
2531:
2524:
2519:
2510:
2505:
2501:
2496:
2485:
2480:
2476:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2453:
2448:
2444:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2421:
2417:
2407:
2405:
2397:
2396:
2385:
2377:
2373:
2363:
2361:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2342:
2338:
2333:
2324:
2319:
2315:
2310:
2305:
2278:
2273:
2233:
2202:
2177:
2165:
2141:
2138:Mercedes D.IIIa
2112:
2087:
2062:
2037:
2012:
1987:
1963:
1941:
1905:Tekniska museet
1887:Munich, Germany
1850:
1736:'s D335 by the
1726:
1699:
1697:
1679:
1677:
1644:
1642:
1621:
1619:
1594:
1592:
1562:
1560:
1534:
1532:
1501:
1499:
1474:
1472:
1449:
1447:
1428:(later renamed
1402:
1400:
1379:
1377:
1358:
1356:
1336:
1334:
1303:
1301:
1290:
1288:
1277:
1275:
1255:
1253:
1232:
1230:
1217:Aeroexpress Rt.
1200:
1198:
1163:
1161:
1150:
1148:
1113:
1111:
1090:
1088:
1062:
1031:
1029:
1018:
1016:
996:
994:
968:
966:
941:
939:
918:
916:
896:
894:
868:
866:
845:
843:
821:
819:
809:
807:
780:
769:, and moved to
670:
634:
476:
426:shock-absorbing
316:
266:Mercedes D.IIIa
212:
164:First World War
96:
92:
88:
84:
69:
34:
17:
12:
11:
5:
5179:
5177:
5169:
5168:
5163:
5158:
5148:
5147:
5141:
5140:
5138:
5137:
5132:
5127:
5122:
5117:
5112:
5107:
5102:
5097:
5092:
5087:
5082:
5077:
5072:
5067:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5047:
5042:
5037:
5032:
5027:
5022:
5017:
5012:
5007:
5002:
4997:
4988:
4983:
4978:
4973:
4968:
4963:
4954:
4948:
4946:
4938:
4937:
4935:
4934:
4929:
4924:
4919:
4913:
4911:
4903:
4902:
4900:
4899:
4894:
4889:
4884:
4879:
4874:
4869:
4864:
4859:
4854:
4849:
4844:
4839:
4834:
4829:
4824:
4819:
4814:
4809:
4804:
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3397:External links
3395:
3394:
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3363:
3360:
3357:
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3330:
3327:
3309:
3292:
3289:
3288:
3287:
3276:
3270:
3254:
3248:
3235:
3222:Air Enthusiast
3216:
3204:Air Enthusiast
3199:
3186:Air Enthusiast
3180:
3168:Air Enthusiast
3163:
3153:(3): 109–112.
3151:Air Enthusiast
3146:
3133:Air Enthusiast
3127:
3115:Air Enthusiast
3110:
3098:Air Enthusiast
3093:
3081:Air Enthusiast
3076:
3058:
3048:Air Enthusiast
3042:
3039:
3036:
3035:
3026:
3017:
2991:
2969:
2940:
2914:
2903:
2892:on 6 July 2011
2877:
2851:
2836:
2824:"10 Marz 1926"
2815:
2787:
2765:
2735:
2717:
2690:
2653:
2626:
2611:
2585:
2573:
2564:
2552:
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2508:
2499:
2483:
2474:
2465:
2451:
2442:
2433:
2424:
2415:
2383:
2371:
2358:"25 June 1919"
2348:
2336:
2322:
2320:Wagner 1996, .
2312:
2311:
2309:
2306:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2299:
2294:
2289:
2284:
2277:
2274:
2272:
2269:
2268:
2267:
2258:
2255:Rate of climb:
2251:
2250:
2249:
2248:
2247:
2246:
2235:
2234:
2227:
2220:
2219:
2218:
2217:
2216:
2215:
2204:
2203:
2195:
2194:
2193:
2192:
2191:
2190:
2179:
2178:
2174:Maximum speed:
2163:
2162:
2161:
2160:
2159:
2158:
2143:
2142:
2130:
2129:
2128:
2127:
2126:
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2039:
2038:
2030:
2029:
2028:
2027:
2026:
2025:
2014:
2013:
2005:
2004:
2003:
2002:
2001:
2000:
1989:
1988:
1981:
1975:
1940:
1937:
1936:
1935:
1928:
1927:
1915:
1914:
1908:
1894:
1888:
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1874:
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1686:United Kingdom
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1589:
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1581:Fuerzas Aéreas
1578:
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779:
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753:
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733:
730:
729:F 13co, fo, ko
727:
724:
721:
718:
715:
712:
709:
706:
703:
696:
693:
690:
669:
666:
633:
630:
559:. In 1922–23,
475:
472:
315:
312:
293:radial engines
281:inline engines
279:liquid-cooled
211:
208:
143:
142:
139:
135:
134:
131:
127:
126:
123:
119:
118:
115:
111:
110:
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105:
102:
98:
97:
80:
75:
71:
70:
67:
65:
61:
60:
55:
49:
48:
45:
41:
40:
36:
35:
32:
24:
23:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5178:
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3404:
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3400:
3396:
3390:
3385:
3382:
3381:3-88064-015-7
3378:
3374:
3372:
3368:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3355:
3354:3-87943-982-6
3351:
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3306:
3302:
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3295:
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3290:
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3280:
3277:
3273:
3271:3-7637-6112-8
3267:
3263:
3259:
3255:
3251:
3249:0-668-02506-9
3245:
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3027:
3021:
3018:
3005:
3001:
2995:
2992:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2973:
2970:
2959:on 2010-05-01
2958:
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2623:. AIN Online.
2622:
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2425:
2419:
2416:
2404:
2400:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2384:
2380:
2375:
2372:
2359:
2352:
2349:
2345:
2340:
2337:
2331:
2329:
2327:
2323:
2317:
2314:
2307:
2302:
2298:
2297:Junkers Ju 46
2295:
2293:
2290:
2288:
2285:
2283:
2280:
2279:
2275:
2270:
2265:
2263:
2259:
2256:
2253:
2252:
2244:
2241:
2240:
2239:
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2231:
2228:
2225:
2222:
2221:
2213:
2210:
2209:
2208:
2207:
2206:
2205:
2200:
2199:Cruise speed:
2197:
2196:
2188:
2185:
2184:
2183:
2182:
2181:
2180:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2170:
2168:
2156:
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2139:
2135:
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2123:
2120:
2119:
2118:
2117:
2116:
2115:
2110:
2107:
2106:
2098:
2095:
2094:
2093:
2092:
2091:
2090:
2085:
2084:Empty weight:
2082:
2081:
2073:
2070:
2069:
2068:
2067:
2066:
2065:
2060:
2057:
2056:
2048:
2045:
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2035:
2032:
2031:
2023:
2020:
2019:
2018:
2017:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2007:
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1998:
1995:
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1991:
1990:
1985:
1982:
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1938:
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1929:
1925:
1924:
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1909:
1906:
1902:
1898:
1895:
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1876:
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1766:
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1759:
1755:
1754:
1749:
1743:
1739:
1738:VR warehouses
1735:
1730:
1723:
1719:
1716:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1707:
1706:United States
1696:
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1671:
1668:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1655:
1652:
1641:
1640:
1636:
1635:Ad Astra Aero
1633:
1632:
1629:
1618:
1617:
1614:
1611:
1609:
1606:
1605:
1602:
1591:
1590:
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1471:
1470:
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1437:
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1427:
1424:
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1399:
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1128:
1125:
1124:
1121:
1110:
1109:
1105:
1102:
1101:
1098:
1087:
1086:
1083:
1082:Lloyd Ostflug
1080:
1078:
1075:
1074:
1071:
1066:
1061:
1060:
1057:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1045:
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837:
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829:
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513:
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492:
485:
480:
473:
471:
468:
464:
460:
455:
452:
451:leading edges
448:
443:
437:
435:
431:
427:
422:
418:
417:undercarriage
413:
411:
410:trimming tank
406:
402:
398:
393:
390:
386:
380:
378:
377:South America
374:
370:
366:
362:
356:
353:
349:
345:
341:
337:
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329:
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321:
313:
311:
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278:
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267:
262:
260:
254:
252:
248:
244:
235:
229:
224:
216:
209:
207:
203:
201:
200:horn balanced
197:
193:
189:
185:
181:
177:
173:
169:
165:
160:
158:
154:
150:
140:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
116:
112:
107:
103:
99:
95:
91:
87:
83:
79:
76:
74:Primary users
72:
66:
62:
59:
56:
54:
50:
46:
42:
37:
30:
25:
20:
4951:
4941:Transports (
4245:Helicopter (
4021:1926–current
3845:designations
3840:
3799:designations
3794:
3519:
3388:
3341:
3337:
3319:. Retrieved
3315:the original
3299:
3281:
3261:
3260:Hugo Junkers
3258:
3239:
3220:
3202:
3184:
3166:
3150:
3131:
3113:
3097:
3079:
3063:
3047:
3041:Bibliography
3029:
3020:
3010:25 September
3008:. Retrieved
3003:
2994:
2986:the original
2981:
2972:
2961:. Retrieved
2957:the original
2952:
2943:
2931:. Retrieved
2927:the original
2917:
2906:
2894:. Retrieved
2890:the original
2880:
2868:. Retrieved
2864:the original
2854:
2839:
2828:. Retrieved
2818:
2806:. Retrieved
2802:the original
2796:
2790:
2782:the original
2777:
2768:
2756:. Retrieved
2752:the original
2747:
2738:
2729:
2720:
2699:
2693:
2681:. Retrieved
2677:the original
2672:
2668:
2656:
2645:. Retrieved
2641:
2614:
2604:25 September
2602:. Retrieved
2597:
2588:
2576:
2567:
2546:
2537:
2502:
2477:
2468:
2445:
2436:
2427:
2418:
2406:. Retrieved
2403:www.key.aero
2402:
2381:, p. 19
2374:
2362:. Retrieved
2351:
2339:
2316:
2292:Junkers K 43
2287:Junkers W 34
2282:Junkers W 33
2260:
2254:
2242:
2229:
2223:
2211:
2198:
2186:
2173:
2166:
2164:
2150:
2133:
2121:
2108:
2096:
2083:
2071:
2058:
2046:
2033:
2021:
2008:
1996:
1983:
1977:
1971:
1964:
1962:
1958:
1954:
1951:
1950:
1947:Junkers F 13
1900:
1896:
1867:
1625:
1541:South Africa
1508:Soviet Union
1462:
1355:
1316:
1188:
1176:
1127:Aero Airways
763:
746:Liberty L-12
662:
658:
651:
623:
607:
577:
565:Soviet Union
561:Hugo Junkers
546:
541:
530:
520:In Bolivia,
519:
516:
497:
483:
467:landing gear
456:
438:
414:
394:
381:
357:
333:
317:
308:Junkers W 34
304:Junkers W 33
301:
271:
263:
258:
255:
251:aerodynamics
243:Hugo Junkers
240:
218:F 13 cockpit
204:
178:to the 1932
161:
149:Junkers F 13
148:
146:
133:25 June 1919
130:First flight
114:Manufactured
101:Number built
53:Manufacturer
4752:SF 37/SH 37
3575:F 24 / G 24
3403:Junkers F13
2704:Air-Britain
2683:5 September
2642:www.eaa.org
2408:21 December
2167:Performance
2134:Powerplant:
1628:Switzerland
1520:Aviaarktika
1246:Air Iceland
1219:(1923−1930)
830:after 1926)
500:World War I
421:streamlined
291:air-cooled
210:Development
166:, it was a
68:Otto Reuter
5150:Categories
4771:Trainers (
4320:Fighters (
3100:(80): 80.
3006:(in Czech)
2963:2010-04-07
2830:2021-05-18
2778:hgk.mil.tr
2758:31 January
2647:2023-12-21
2303:References
2262:Power/mass
2155:Junkers L5
2059:Wing area:
1831:Tomáš Baťa
771:Altenrhein
597:until the
542:Luft Hansa
538:Luft Hansa
526:Cochabamba
463:seat belts
434:floatplane
385:corrugated
320:cantilever
168:cantilever
141:late 1930s
4197:Gliders (
4082:Bombers (
3371:186409952
3321:24 August
3231:0143-5450
3213:0143-5450
3195:0143-5450
3177:0143-5450
3159:0143-5450
3142:0143-5450
3124:0143-5450
3106:0143-5450
3090:0143-5450
3072:1243-8650
3056:0143-5450
2712:1742-996X
2308:Citations
2009:Wingspan:
1978:Capacity:
1952:Data from
1893:, Hungary
1848:Survivors
1840:Vulture).
1426:Aerolloyd
1416:Aero-Targ
1343:Lithuania
852:Argentina
778:Operators
628:in 1951.
614:seaplanes
447:laminated
348:duralumin
188:duralumin
184:aluminium
172:monoplane
117:1919–1932
3447:aircraft
2808:24 March
2271:See also
1773:Helsinki
1769:Aero O/Y
1742:Helsinki
1515:Deruluft
1456:Portugal
1422:in 1921.
1386:Mongolia
1104:Aeronaut
1038:Colombia
975:Bulgaria
700:BMW IIIa
668:Variants
603:Japanese
573:Red Army
482:F 13 fy
442:radiator
440:frontal
401:ailerons
397:elevator
373:tropical
369:Termites
365:humidity
297:airframe
259:Flugzeug
192:stressed
64:Designer
3826:E.I (2)
3796:Idflieg
3445:Junkers
2933:7 April
2896:7 April
2870:5 April
2364:26 June
2243:F 13fe:
2212:F 13fe:
2187:F 13fe:
2151:F 13fe:
2122:F 13fe:
2097:F 13fe:
2072:F 13fe:
2047:F 13fe:
2034:Height:
2022:F 13fe:
1997:F 13fe:
1984:Length:
1824:crashed
1788:Georgia
1780:Zakavia
1757:ground.
1734:Aero Oy
1481:Romania
1440:Aerolot
1430:Aerolot
1239:Iceland
1207:Hungary
1170:Germany
1120:Finland
1097:Estonia
1047:Avianca
987:Bunavad
925:Bolivia
903:Belgium
875:Austria
702:engine.
595:bombers
459:cockpit
389:torsion
361:fatigue
340:warping
186:alloy (
157:Junkers
138:Retired
109:History
58:Junkers
5135:Tp 103
5130:Tp 102
5125:Tp 101
5120:Tp 100
4943:Trp/Tp
4757:JAS 39
4480:JAS 39
4311:HKP 16
4306:HKP 15
4301:HKP 14
4296:HKP 11
4291:HKP 10
4236:Lg 105
4231:Se 104
4226:Se 103
4221:Se 102
4188:Fpl 61
4183:Fpl 54
4178:Fpl 53
4173:Fpl 51
4073:JAS 39
3977:Ju 635
3972:Ju 488
3967:Ju 452
3962:Ju 390
3957:Ju 388
3952:Ju 352
3947:Ju 322
3942:Ju 290
3937:Ju 288
3932:Ju 287
3927:Ju 268
3922:Ju 252
3917:Ju 248
3912:Ju 188
3907:Ju 187
3902:Ju 160
3785:EF 150
3780:EF 140
3775:EF 132
3770:EF 131
3765:EF 130
3760:EF 128
3755:EF 127
3750:EF 126
3379:
3369:
3352:
3338:Flight
3307:
3268:
3246:
3229:
3211:
3193:
3175:
3157:
3140:
3122:
3104:
3088:
3070:
3054:
2710:
2669:Flight
2224:Range:
1897:SE-AAC
1804:Sukhum
1798:, and
1784:Tiflis
1703:
1683:
1651:Turkey
1648:
1601:Sweden
1598:
1566:
1538:
1505:
1478:
1453:
1409:Poland
1406:
1383:
1365:Mexico
1362:
1340:
1310:Latvia
1307:
1294:
1281:
1259:
1236:
1222:Royal
1204:
1167:
1157:France
1154:
1117:
1094:
1051:SCADTA
1035:
1022:
1000:
972:
948:Brazil
945:
922:
900:
872:
849:
825:
813:
760:Rimowa
626:Brazil
619:rudder
610:floats
553:Danzig
549:Dessau
508:SCADTA
430:floats
405:rudder
336:fabric
324:struts
314:Design
283:, and
247:Dessau
170:-wing
153:German
5115:Tp 91
5110:Tp 89
5105:Tp 88
5100:Tp 87
5095:Tp 86
5090:Tp 85
5085:Tp 84
5080:Tp 83
5075:Tp 82
5070:Tp 81
5065:Tp 80
5060:Tp 79
5055:Tp 78
5050:Tp 55
5045:Tp 54
5040:Tp 53
5035:Tp 52
5030:Tp 47
5025:Tp 46
5020:Tp 45
5015:Tp 24
5010:Tp 16
5005:Tp 10
4971:Trp 4
4966:Trp 3
4957:Trp 2
4952:Trp 1
4897:Sk 61
4892:Sk 60
4887:Sk 50
4882:Sk 40
4877:Sk 38
4872:Sk 35
4867:Sk 28
4862:Sk 26
4857:Sk 25
4852:Sk 16
4847:Sk 15
4842:Sk 14
4837:Sk 12
4832:Sk 11
4827:Sk 10
4762:S 100
4475:JA 37
4286:HKP 9
4281:HKP 6
4276:Hkp 5
4271:Hkp 4
4266:Hkp 3
4261:Hkp 2
4256:Hkp 1
4216:G 101
4063:AJ 37
3897:Ju 90
3892:Ju 89
3887:Ju 88
3882:Ju 87
3877:Ju 86
3872:Ju 85
3867:Ju 60
3862:Ju 52
3857:Ju 49
3852:Ju 46
3811:CLS.I
3745:EF 94
3740:EF 77
3735:EF 74
3730:EF 73
3725:EF 72
3720:EF 61
3715:EF 52
3710:EF 31
3705:EF 29
2665:(PDF)
1972:Crew:
1901:D-343
1899:, ex-
1813:loss.
1569:Spain
1488:LARES
1297:Japan
1284:Italy
1025:China
1003:Chile
960:Varig
910:SNETA
695:F 13a
592:scout
557:Reval
522:LAB's
504:DH.9C
484:D-190
352:alloy
344:steel
196:spars
180:Ju 46
5000:Tp 9
4991:Tp 8
4986:Tp 7
4981:Tp 6
4976:Tp 5
4932:T 18
4927:T 16
4822:Sk 9
4817:Sk 8
4812:Sk 7
4807:Sk 6
4802:Sk 5
4797:Sk 4
4792:Sk 3
4787:Sk 2
4782:Sk 1
4747:S 35
4742:S 32
4737:S 31
4732:S 29
4727:S 26
4722:S 22
4717:S 18
4712:S 17
4707:S 16
4702:S 15
4697:S 14
4692:S 13
4687:S 12
4682:S 11
4677:S 10
4612:P 9B
4608:P 9A
4603:P 8B
4599:P 8A
4470:J 35
4465:J 34
4460:J 33
4455:J 32
4450:J 31
4445:J 30
4440:J 29
4435:J 28
4430:J 27
4425:J 26
4420:J 24
4415:J 23
4410:J 22
4401:J 21
4396:J 20
4391:J 19
4386:J 12
4381:J 11
4376:J 10
4153:B 26
4148:B 24
4143:B 18
4138:B 17
4133:B 16
4068:A 38
4058:A 36
4053:A 32
4048:A 29
4043:A 28
3806:CL.I
3685:K 85
3680:K 53
3675:K 51
3670:A 50
3665:J 49
3660:A 48
3655:K 47
3650:K 39
3645:G 38
3640:K 37
3635:S 36
3630:A 35
3625:W 34
3620:W 33
3615:A 32
3610:G 31
3605:K 30
3600:T 29
3595:J 28
3590:T 27
3585:T 26
3580:A 25
3570:G 23
3565:T 23
3560:J 22
3550:A 20
3545:T 19
3540:J 18
3535:K 17
3530:K 16
3525:J 15
3520:F 13
3515:J 12
3510:J 11
3505:J 10
3377:ISBN
3367:OCLC
3350:ISBN
3323:2015
3305:ISBN
3266:ISBN
3244:ISBN
3227:ISSN
3209:ISSN
3191:ISSN
3173:ISSN
3155:ISSN
3138:ISSN
3120:ISSN
3102:ISSN
3086:ISSN
3068:ISSN
3052:ISSN
3012:2019
2935:2010
2898:2010
2872:2010
2810:2009
2760:2019
2708:ISSN
2685:2018
2606:2016
2410:2023
2366:2014
2136:1 ×
1262:Iran
689:F 13
569:Fili
555:and
415:The
399:and
328:drag
306:and
287:and
277:Puma
147:The
125:1920
94:ÖLAG
44:Type
22:F 13
4922:T 2
4917:T 1
4672:S 9
4667:S 8
4662:S 7
4657:S 6
4652:S 5
4647:S 4
4642:S 3
4637:S 2
4632:S 1
4595:P 8
4590:P 7
4585:P 6
4580:P 5
4575:P 4
4570:P 3
4565:P 2
4560:P 1
4540:Ö 9
4535:Ö 8
4530:Ö 7
4525:Ö 6
4520:Ö 5
4515:Ö 4
4510:Ö 3
4505:Ö 2
4500:Ö 1
4405:21R
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