Rings of Jupiter - Knowledge (XXG)

2088: 1596: 1613: 1304:. The Amalthea gossamer ring is actually the brightest near its top and bottom edges and becomes gradually brighter towards Jupiter; one of the edges is often brighter than another. The outer boundary of the ring is relatively steep; the ring's brightness drops abruptly just inward of the orbit of Amalthea, although it may have a small extension beyond the orbit of the satellite ending near 4:3 resonance with Thebe. In forward-scattered light the ring appears to be about 30 times fainter than the main ring. In back-scattered light it has been detected only by the 371: 3932: 603: 1259: 363: 1048: 1452:

magnetosphere. When the dust enters the shadow behind Jupiter, it loses its electrical charge fairly quickly. Since the small dust particles partially corotate with the planet, they will move outward during the shadow pass creating an outward extension of the Thebe gossamer ring. The same forces can explain a dip in the particle distribution and ring's brightness, which occurs between the orbits of Amalthea and Thebe.

5087: 4371: 498:. The third ringlet is found inward of the central gap, outside the orbit of Metis. The ring's brightness drops sharply just outward of the Metidian orbit, forming the Metis notch. Inward of the orbit of Metis, the brightness of the ring rises much less than in forward-scattered light. So in the back-scattered geometry the main ring appears to consist of two different parts: a narrow outer part extending from 1579: 1022:, for the larger and smaller sets of waves, respectively. The formation of the larger set of waves can be explained if the ring was impacted by a cloud of particles released by the comet with a total mass on the order of 2–5 × 10 kg, which would have tilted the ring out of the equatorial plane by 2 km. A similar spiraling wave pattern that tightens over time has been observed by 933: 30: 4382: 1481: 1383:;). Its inner boundary is not clearly defined because of the presence of the much brighter main ring and halo. The thickness of the ring is approximately 8400 km near the orbit of Thebe and slightly decreases in the direction of the planet. The Thebe gossamer ring is brightest near its top and bottom edges and gradually becomes brighter towards 1510:

was at least 0.04 km, assuming it had the same albedo as Himalia. If the ring (arc) is debris from Himalia, it must have formed quite recently, given the century-scale precession of the Himalian orbit. It is possible that the ring could be debris from the impact of a very small undiscovered moon

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of the Thebe gossamer ring is about 3 × 10, which is three times lower than the Amalthea gossamer ring, but the total mass of the dust is the same—about 10–10 kg. However the particle size distribution of the dust is somewhat shallower than in the Amalthea ring. It follows a power law

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means that the total cross section of all particles inside the ring is about 5000 km². The particles in the main ring are expected to have aspherical shapes. The total mass of the dust is estimated to be 10−10 kg. The mass of large bodies, excluding Metis and Adrastea, is 10−10 kg. It

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is higher at longer wavelengths. The existing spectra span the range 0.5–2.5 μm. No spectral features have been found so far which can be attributed to particular chemical compounds, although the Cassini observations yielded evidence for absorption bands near 0.8 μm and 2.2 μm. The spectra

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of particles known as the "halo ring"; a relatively bright, exceptionally thin "main ring"; and two wide, thick and faint outer "gossamer rings", named after the moons of whose material they are composed: Amalthea and Thebe. The principal attributes of the known Jovian Rings are listed in the table.

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The dust in the gossamer rings originates in essentially the same way as that in the main ring and halo. Its sources are the inner Jovian moons Amalthea and Thebe respectively. High velocity impacts by projectiles coming from outside the Jovian system eject dust particles from their surfaces. These

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The optical properties of the halo ring can be explained by the hypothesis that it comprises only dust with particle sizes less than 15 μm. Parts of the halo located far from the ring plane may consist of submicrometre dust. This dusty composition explains the much stronger forward-scattering,

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spacecraft conducted a deep search for new small moons inside the main ring. While no satellites larger than 0.5 km were found, the cameras of the spacecraft detected seven small clumps of ring particles. They orbit just inside the orbit of Adrastea inside a dense ringlet. The conclusion, that

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are excited while passing through it. The bloom of the main ring may be a beginning of the halo. The halo ring's inner boundary is not far from the strongest 2:1 Lorentz resonance. In this resonance the excitation is probably very significant, forcing particles to plunge into the Jovian atmosphere

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between the Lagrangian points. The dust may be present at the leading and trailing Lagrange points of Thebe as well. This discovery implies that there are two particle populations in the gossamer rings: one slowly drifts in the direction of Jupiter as described above, while another remains near a

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The presence of two populations of particles in the main ring explains why its appearance depends on the viewing geometry. The dust scatters light preferably in the forward direction and forms a relatively thick homogenous ring bounded by the orbit of Adrastea. In contrast, large particles, which

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However some properties have so far gone unexplained, like the Thebe Extension, which may be due to unseen bodies outside Thebe's orbit, and structures visible in the back-scattered light. One possible explanation of the Thebe Extension is influence of the electromagnetic forces from the Jovian

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In 2002–2003 Galileo spacecraft had two passes through the gossamer rings. During them its dust counter detected dust particles in the size range 0.2–5 μm. In addition, the Galileo spacecraft's star scanner detected small, discrete bodies (< 1 km) near Amalthea. These may represent

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space probes show the presence of two sets of spiraling vertical corrugations in the main ring. These waves became more tightly wound over time at the rate expected for differential nodal regression in Jupiter's gravity field. Extrapolating backwards, the more prominent of the two sets of waves

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in all rings except the halo. The halo ring is probably dominated by submicrometre dust. The total mass of the ring system (including unresolved parent bodies) is poorly constrained, but is probably in the range of 10 to 10 kg. The age of the ring system is also not known, but it is

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telescope. Back-scattering images show a peak of brightness just inside the orbit of Thebe. In 2002–2003 the dust counter of the Galileo spacecraft detected dust particles in the size range 0.2–5 μm—similar to those in the Amalthea ring—and confirmed the results obtained from imaging.

952:, so the dust must be continuously replenished in the collisions between large bodies with sizes from 1 cm to 0.5 km and between the same large bodies and high velocity particles coming from outside the Jovian system. This parent body population is confined to the narrow—about 383: 494:, or slightly beyond the orbit of Adrastea, is very steep. The orbit of the moon is marked by a gap in the ring so there is a thin ringlet just outside its orbit. There is another ringlet just inside Adrastean orbit followed by a gap of unknown origin located at about 643:

with 0.1–10 μm particle sizes. This explains the stronger forward-scattering of light as compared to back-scattering. However, larger bodies are required to explain the strong back-scattering and fine structure in the bright outer part of the main ring.

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In visible and near-infrared light, the rings have a reddish color, except the halo ring, which is neutral or blue in color. The size of the dust in the rings varies, but the cross-sectional area is greatest for nonspherical particles of radius about 15

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depends on their maximum size— the upper value corresponds to about 1 km maximum diameter. These masses can be compared with masses of Adrastea, which is about 2 × 10 kg, Amalthea, about 2 × 10 kg, and Earth's

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orbiter was the bloom of the main ring—a faint, relatively thick (about 600 km) cloud of material which surrounds its inner part. The bloom grows in thickness towards the inner boundary of the main ring, where it transitions into the halo.

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Observed in back-scattered light the main ring appears to be razor thin, extending in the vertical direction no more than 30 km. In the side scatter geometry the ring thickness is 80–160 km, increasing somewhat in the direction of

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The Jovian ring system is faint and consists mainly of dust. It has four main components: a thick inner torus of particles known as the "halo ring"; a relatively bright, exceptionally thin "main ring"; and two wide, thick and faint outer

1300:). Its inner boundary is not clearly defined because of the presence of the much brighter main ring and halo. The thickness of the ring is approximately 2300 km near the orbit of Amalthea and slightly decreases in the direction of 976:

forming the faint (in back-scattered light) innermost part of the main ring and halo ring. The age of the main ring is currently unknown, but it may be the last remnant of a past population of small bodies near

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images revealed longitudinal variations of the main ring's brightness unconnected with the viewing geometry. The Galileo images also showed some patchiness in the ring on the scales 500–1000 km.

909: 1226: 1414:) and called the Thebe Extension. In forward-scattered light the ring appears to be about 3 times fainter than the Amalthea gossamer ring. In back-scattered light it has been detected only by the 33:

A schema of Jupiter's ring system showing the four main components. For simplicity, Metis and Adrastea are depicted as sharing their orbit. (In reality, Metis is very slightly closer to Jupiter.)

775: > 15 ± 0.3 μm. The distribution of large bodies in the mm–km size range is undetermined presently. The light scattering in this model is dominated by particles with 1455:

The peak in the brightness just inside of the Amalthea's orbit and, therefore, the vertical asymmetry the Amalthea gossamer ring may be due to the dust particles trapped at the leading (L

514:, which lacks any visible structure like in the forward-scattering geometry. The Metis notch serves as their boundary. The fine structure of the main ring was discovered in data from the 378:

spacecraft. The fine structure of its outer part is visible. The lower image shows the main ring in forward-scattered light demonstrating its lack of any structure except the Metis notch.

1158:, is the same. However its total photon flux is several times lower than that of the main ring and is more strongly concentrated near the ring plane than in the forward-scattered light. 159:

In 2022, dynamical simulations suggested that the relative meagreness of Jupiter's ring system, compared to that of the smaller Saturn, is due to destabilising resonances created by the

956:—and bright outer part of the main ring, and includes Metis and Adrastea. The largest parent bodies must be less than 0.5 km in size. The upper limit on their size was obtained by 1329:

images and the direct dust measurements have allowed the determination of the particle size distribution, which appears to follow the same power law as the dust in the main ring with

702: 1074:). From this radius the ring becomes rapidly thicker towards Jupiter. The true vertical extent of the halo is not known but the presence of its material was detected as high as 805: 1236:

of dust particles by the electromagnetic forces in the Jovian magnetosphere. The outer boundary of the halo ring coincides with location of a strong 3:2 Lorentz resonance. As

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observations, was near 4 km. The dust produced in collisions retains approximately the same orbital elements as the parent bodies and slowly spirals in the direction of

2479: 1316:. Back-scattering images show additional structure in the ring: a peak in the brightness just inside the Amalthean orbit and confined to the top or bottom edge of the ring. 3549:

Brown, R. H.; Baines, K. H.; Bellucci, G.; et al. (2003). "Observations with the Visual and Infrared Mapping Spectrometer (VIMS) during Cassini's Flyby of Jupiter".

1595: 1117:. Its shape resembles a thick torus without clear internal structure. In contrast to the main ring, the halo's appearance depends only slightly on the viewing geometry. 590:. The clumps are divided into two groups of five and two members, respectively. The nature of the clumps is not clear, but their orbits are close to 115:116 and 114:115 5508: 1055:

The halo ring is the innermost and the vertically thickest Jovian ring. Its outer edge coincides with the inner boundary of the main ring approximately at the radius

1502:, it photographed what appeared to be a faint, previously unknown planetary ring or ring arc, parallel with and slightly inside the orbit of the irregular satellite 1345:

The Thebe gossamer ring is the faintest Jovian ring. It appears as a very faint structure with a rectangular cross section, stretching from the Thebean orbit at

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Brooks, S. M.; Esposito, L. W.; Showalter, M. R.; et al. (2004). "The Size Distribution of Jupiter's Main Ring from Galileo Imaging and Spectroscopy".

455:. The appearance of the main ring depends on the viewing geometry. In forward-scattered light the brightness of the main ring begins to decrease steeply at 2670: 2562: 4419: 1444:. This hypothesis naturally explains almost all observable properties of the rings: rectangular cross-section, decrease of thickness in the direction of 1337:

of this ring is about 10, which is an order of magnitude lower than that of the main ring, but the total mass of the dust (10–10 kg) is comparable.

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conducted extensive observations of the Jovian ring system. Future missions to the Jovian system will provide additional information about the rings.

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bluer colors and lack of visible structure in the halo. The dust probably originates in the main ring, a claim supported by the fact that the halo's

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spacecraft failed to detect it, probably due to insufficient spatial resolution. However the fine structure was observed by the Keck telescope using

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Burns, J.A.; Schaffer, L. E.; Greenberg, R. J.; Showalter, Mark R.; et al. (1985). "Lorentz Resonances and the Structure of the Jovian Ring".

122:'s orbit. One explanation is that a small moon recently crashed into Himalia and the force of the impact ejected the material that forms the ring. 3620: 3321:

Krueger, Harald; Hamilton, Douglas P.; Moissl, Richard; Gruen, Eberhard (2009). "Galileo In-Situ Dust Measurements in Jupiter's Gossamer Rings".

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Lorentz resonance is a resonance between particle's orbital motion and rotation of planetary magnetosphere, when the ratio of their periods is a

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and perhaps smaller, unobserved bodies as the result of high-velocity impacts. High-resolution images obtained in February and March 2007 by the

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Showalter, M. R.; Burns, J. A.; de Pater, I.; et al. (26–28 September 2005). "Updates On The Dusty Rings Of Jupiter, Uranus And Neptune".

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orbiter between 1995 and 2003 greatly extended the existing knowledge about the Jovian rings. Ground-based observation of the rings by the

1126:. While its surface brightness is much less than that of the main ring, its vertically (perpendicular to the ring plane) integrated photon 647:

Analysis of available phase and spectral data leads to a conclusion that the size distribution of small particles in the main ring obeys a

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clearly shepherds the ring. The brightness continues to increase in the direction of Jupiter and has a maximum near the ring's center at

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Wong, M. H.; de Pater, I.; Showalter, M. R.; et al. (2006). "Ground-based Near Infrared Spectroscopy of Jupiter's Ring and Moons".

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in the same year, which allowed rough determination of the ring's structure. The superior quality of the images obtained by the

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The Amalthea gossamer ring is a very faint structure with a rectangular cross section, stretching from the orbit of Amalthea at

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The thickness of the gossamer rings is defined here as the distance between peaks of brightness at their top and bottom edges.

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spacecraft in February–March 2007 allowed observation of the fine structure in the main ring for the first time. In 2000, the

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is comparable with that of the dust in the main ring. The large thickness of the halo can be attributed to the excitation of

948:. Volatile materials such as ices, for example, evaporate quickly. The lifetime of dust particles in the ring is from 100 to 1184: 5118: 5072: 3685: 3283:

Krüger, H.; Grün, E.; Hamilton, D. P. (18–25 July 2004). "Galileo In-Situ Dust Measurements in Jupiter's Gossamer Rings".

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Hedman, M. M.; Burns, J. A.; Evans, M. W.; Tiscareno, M. S.; Porco, C. C. (2011). "Saturn's curiously corrugated C Ring".

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Smith, B. A.; Soderblom, L. A.; Johnson, T. V.; et al. (1979). "The Jupiter System through the Eyes of Voyager 1".

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Meier, R.; Smith, B. A.; Owen, T. C.; et al. (1999). "Near Infrared Photometry of the Jovian Ring and Adrastea".

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distribution in the range 0.5–2.5 μm is flatter than in the main ring; the halo is not red and may even be blue.

552:. The ring appears to be much thicker in the forward-scattered light—about 300 km. One of the discoveries of the 4122: 2482:. NASA/Johns Hopkins University Applied Physics Laboratory/Southwest Research Institute. May 1, 2007. Archived from 4277: 3611: 1618: 73:

and from Earth for several years. Ground-based observation of the rings requires the largest available telescopes.

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scatter in the back direction, are confined in a number of ringlets between the Metidian and Adrastean orbits.

3630: 370: 1440:. The thickness of the gossamer rings is determined by vertical excursions of the moons due to their nonzero 5321: 5298: 3921: 3916: 2926: 1488:

images of the possible Himalia ring. The double exposure of Himalia is circled. The arrow points to Jupiter.

1138:, the halo's brightness is strongly concentrated towards the ring plane and follows a power law of the form 1533:

spacecraft obtained a single overexposed image of the ring system. More extensive imaging was conducted by

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The properties of the main ring can be explained by the hypothesis that it contains significant amounts of

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Image of the main ring obtained by Galileo in forward-scattered light. The Metis notch is clearly visible.

531: 527: 70: 2338: 656: 5424: 5392: 5196: 5190: 3894: 3851: 2776: 2308: 2307:

Burns, J. A.; Simonelli, D. P.; Showalter, M. R.; Hamilton; Porco, Carolyn C.; Throop; Esposito (2004).

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Fillius, R. W.; McIlwain, C. E.; Mogro-Campero, A. (1975). "Radiation Belts of Jupiter—A Second Look".

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into Himalia, suggesting that Jupiter might continue to gain and lose small moons through collisions.

1387:—much like the Amalthea ring. The outer boundary of the ring is not especially steep, stretching over 5375: 5178: 4962: 4309: 4239: 4202: 3825: 3737: 3558: 3507: 3480: 3428: 3383: 3340: 3288: 3254: 3193: 3155: 3082: 2997: 2886: 2809: 2738: 2685: 2640: 2577: 2524: 2458: 2402: 2319: 2210: 2100: 2047: 1991: 1976: 1922: 1864: 1752: 1586: 1541: 1325: 1233: 1122: 622: 564: 554: 516: 65: 4190: 3470:

Cheng, A. F.; Weaver, H. A.; Nguyen, L.; Hamilton, D. P.; Stern, S. A.; Throop, H. B. (March 2010).

3413: 3095: 2800:; Johnson, T. V.; Shubert, G.; et al. (2005). "Amalthea's Density Is Less Than That of Water". 2196:"The Jovian Rings: New Results Derived from Cassini, Galileo, Voyager, and Earth-based Observations" 490:

In back-scattered light the situation is different. The outer boundary of the main ring, located at

4386: 4356: 4316: 3240:"Properties and dynamics of Jupiter's gossamer rings from Galileo, Voyager, Hubble and Keck images" 2949: 1441: 1245:

thus defining a sharp inner boundary. Being derived from the main ring, the halo has the same age.

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is altitude over the ring plane. The halo's appearance in the back-scattered light, as observed by

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The back-scattered light is the light scattered at an angle close to 180° relative to solar light.

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The halo ring appears brightest in forward-scattered light, in which it was extensively imaged by

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over the ring plane. The inner boundary of the halo is relatively sharp and located at the radius

506:, which itself includes three narrow ringlets separated by notches, and a fainter inner part from 5412: 5311: 5242: 4351: 4329: 3878: 3820: 3531: 3452: 3356: 3330: 3209: 3140: 3116: 3021: 2833: 2701: 2601: 2420: 2392: 2116: 1776: 1691:

It should be compared with approximately 1700 km² total cross section of Metis and Adrastea.

487:, merging into the halo ring. In forward-scattered light all Jovian rings are especially bright. 1395:. There is a barely visible continuation of the ring beyond the orbit of Thebe, extending up to 1258: 1553:

in 1999 revealed the rich structure visible in back-scattered light. Images transmitted by the

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is comparable due to its much larger thickness. Despite a claimed vertical extent of more than

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particles initially retain the same orbits as their moons but then gradually spiral inward by

591: 362: 5503: 5365: 4741: 4716: 4691: 4428: 4374: 3940: 3844: 3732: 3566: 3515: 3479:. 41st Lunar and Planetary Science Conference. Lunar and Planetary Institute. p. 2549. 3436: 3391: 3348: 3262: 3201: 3163: 3100: 3005: 2894: 2817: 2797: 2746: 2693: 2648: 2585: 2532: 2410: 2344: 2218: 2191: 2108: 2055: 2035: 1999: 1930: 1872: 1760: 1667:

The forward-scattered light is the light scattered at a small angle relative to solar light.

1632: 1468: 2512: 1977:"Keck Infrared Observations of Jupiter's Ring System near Earth's 1997 Ring Plane Crossing" 1047: 5433: 5267: 5262: 5252: 5134: 4999: 4992: 4967: 4809: 4770: 4696: 4627: 4571: 4523: 4506: 4499: 4461: 4456: 4245: 4217: 4196: 4034: 4024: 4003: 3998: 3965: 3960: 3775: 3727: 3722: 3471: 3141:"A Comparison of Lorentz, Planetary Gravitational, and Satellite Gravitational Resonances" 1701: 1559: 1031: 1027: 968: 627: 541: 536: 430: 304: 265: 139: 135: 97: 82: 54: 50: 3374:

Fieseler, P.D.; et al. (2004). "The Galileo Star Scanner Observations at Amalthea".

3046: 3661: 3562: 3511: 3484: 3432: 3387: 3344: 3292: 3258: 3197: 3159: 3086: 3001: 2890: 2813: 2742: 2689: 2644: 2581: 2528: 2462: 2406: 2323: 2214: 2104: 2051: 1995: 1926: 1868: 1756: 382: 5380: 5370: 5288: 5272: 5036: 5016: 4953: 4884: 4765: 4736: 4681: 4656: 4646: 4559: 4476: 4284: 4091: 4049: 3980: 3899: 1520: 1503: 1499: 1464: 738: 119: 42: 3570: 2112: 1853:"The Structure of Jupiter's Ring System as Revealed by the Galileo Imaging Experiment" 49:

rings were the third ring system to be discovered in the Solar System, after those of

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with q < 2. In the Thebe extension the parameter q may be even smaller.

1423: 1334: 1179: 912: 783: 181: 3535: 3213: 3120: 3025: 2705: 2605: 1780: 479:. The inner boundary of the main ring, in contrast, appears to fade off slowly from 17: 5473: 5031: 4923: 4903: 4896: 4879: 4869: 4814: 4721: 4676: 4637: 4609: 4576: 4466: 4451: 4211: 4039: 4029: 3970: 3955: 3757: 3741: 3360: 2195: 2038:(1987). "Jupiter's Ring System: New Results on Structure and Particle Properties". 1494: 958: 573: 522: 472: 391: 386: 343: 131: 102: 93: 86: 2898: 2837: 1519:

The existence of the Jovian rings was inferred from observations of the planetary

3519: 3395: 3352: 3266: 2981:"The impact of comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 sends ripples through the rings of Jupiter" 2750: 2652: 2536: 2222: 1764: 1051:

False color image of the halo ring obtained by Galileo in forward-scattered light

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space probe and the system was more thoroughly investigated in the 1990s by the

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with Jupiter, while the smaller set appears to date to the first half of 1990.

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extended appearance. They subtend 0.1–0.3° along the ring, which correspond to

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Mosaic of Jovian ring images with a scheme showing ring and satellite locations

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Showalter, Mark R.; Cheng, Andrew F.; Weaver, Harold A.; et al. (2007).

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The dust is constantly being removed from the main ring by a combination of

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The upper image shows the main ring in back-scattered light as seen by the

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Image of the gossamer rings obtained by Galileo in forward-scattered light

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Showalter, Mark R.; de Pater, Imke; Verbanac, Guili; et al. (2008).

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with Metis. They may be wavelike structures excited by this interaction.

459:(just inward of the Adrastean orbit) and reaches the background level at 3440: 3053:. NASA / Jet Propulsion Laboratory / Space Science Institute. 2011-03-31 2343:. Encyclopedia of Earth Science. Springer, Dordrecht. pp. 373–375. 433:. Its inner edge is not marked by any satellite and is located at about 5173: 4854: 3867: 2782:. In Grun, E.; Gustafson, B. A. S.; Dermott, S. T.; Fechtig H. (eds.). 2777:"Dusty Rings and Circumplanetary Dust: Observations and Simple Physics" 1445: 1384: 1301: 998:

appears to have been excited in 1995, around the time of the impact of

978: 973: 945: 549: 400: 46: 2669:

McMuldroch, S.; Pilortz, S. H.; Danielson, J. E.; et al. (2000).

2314:. In Bagenal, Fran; Dowling, Timothy E.; McKinnon, William B. (eds.). 520:

orbiter and is clearly visible in back-scattered images obtained from

429:) and coincides with the orbit of Jupiter's smallest inner satellite, 5006: 4928: 3780: 3709: 3665: 3656: 3205: 2870:

Burns, J. A.; Showalter, M. R.; Hamilton, D. P.; et al. (1999).

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Ockert-Bell, M. E.; Burns, J. A.; Daubar, I. J.; et al. (1999).

1564: 720: 632: 4397: 2397: 5103: 3335: 2671:"Galileo NIMS Near-Infrared Observations of Jupiter's Ring System" 1975:

de Pater, I.; Showalter, M. R.; Burns, J. A.; et al. (1999).

1621:'s photo of Jupiter and rings in infrared at 2.12 and 3.23 μm 1506:. The amount of material in the part of the ring or arc imaged by 1479: 1257: 1046: 931: 601: 399:

The narrow and relatively thin main ring is the brightest part of

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is a normalizing parameter chosen to match the known total light

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rings", named for the moons of whose material they are composed:

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The detection of the Amalthea gossamer ring from the ground, in

1166: 1127: 1101:), but some material is present further inward to approximately 1006:

s November 1996 observations are consistent with wavelengths of

917: 756: 640: 5107: 4401: 3840: 3674: 3670: 2563:"Clump Detections and Limits on Moons in Jupiter's Ring System" 2513:"Keck observations of the 2002–2003 jovian ring plane crossing" 1320:

collisional debris generated from impacts with this satellite.

403:'s ring system. Its outer edge is located at a radius of about 92:

The main and halo rings consist of dust ejected from the moons

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orbiting at the edge of Jupiter's main ring, as imaged by the

2956:. NASA / Jet Propulsion Laboratory-Caltech / SETI. 2011-03-31 463:—just outward of the Adrastean orbit. Therefore, Adrastea at 115:

possible that it has existed since the formation of Jupiter.

2381:"The Dynamical Viability of an Extended Jupiter Ring System" 853:{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \tau _{l}\,=\,4.7\times 10^{-6}} 636:

of the main ring are very similar to Adrastea and Amalthea.

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Jupiter's ring system was the third to be discovered in the

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spacecraft revealed a rich fine structure in the main ring.

3836: 3648: 1448:

and brightening of the top and bottom edges of the rings.

3414:"The sculpting of Jupiter's gossamer rings by its shadow" 631:

have shown that particles forming it are red, i.e. their

3584: 2455:

Proceedings of the Conference held September 26–28, 2005

1654:

The normal optical depth is the ratio between the total

1240:

causes particles to slowly drift towards Jupiter, their

904:{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \tau _{s}=1.3\times 10^{-6}} 151:. It is composed of four main components: a thick inner 1658:

of the ring's particles to the square area of the ring.

1165:

of the halo ring are different from the main ring. The

936:

Schematic illustrating the formation of Jupiter's rings

782:

The power law mentioned above allows estimation of the

578:

they are clumps and not small moons, is based on their

4438:

Listed in increasing approximate distance from Jupiter

2979:

Showalter, M. R.; Hedman, M. M.; Burns, J. A. (2011).

2511:

De Pater, I.; Showalter, M. R.; MacIntosh, B. (2008).

1221:{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \tau _{s}\,\sim \,10^{-6}} 1188: 867: 814: 792: 471:, although there is a pronounced gap (notch) near the 118:

A ring or ring arc appears to exist close to the moon

2775:

Burns, J.A.; Hamilton, D.P.; Showalter, M.R. (2001).

1187: 866: 813: 791: 741: 659: 69:

orbiter. The main ring has also been observed by the

962:

spacecraft. The previous upper limit, obtained from

5465: 5442: 5423: 5391: 5349: 5340: 5281: 5235: 5210: 5185:

Infrared interferometer spectrometer and radiometer

5166: 5141: 5060: 4952: 4784: 4636: 4620: 4595: 4532: 4516: 4475: 4444: 4344: 4295: 4270: 4182: 4164: 4150: 4113: 4090: 4069: 4062: 4012: 3979: 3948: 3939: 3887: 3808: 3789: 3756: 3708: 2931:. Cassini Imaging Central Laboratory for Operations 346:. There is an extension beyond the orbit of Thebe. 1846: 1844: 1842: 1840: 1838: 1836: 1834: 1832: 1830: 1828: 1826: 1824: 1822: 1820: 1818: 1816: 1814: 1812: 1810: 1220: 903: 852: 799: 747: 696: 526:in February–March 2007. The early observations by 2922:"Forensic sleuthing ties ring ripples to impacts" 2664: 2662: 2379:Stephen R Kane and Zhexing Li (August 26, 2022). 2316:Jupiter: The Planet, Satellites and Magnetosphere 1808: 1806: 1804: 1802: 1800: 1798: 1796: 1794: 1792: 1790: 3233: 3231: 3229: 3227: 3225: 3223: 2556: 2554: 2552: 2550: 2548: 2546: 2448: 2446: 2444: 2442: 2440: 2438: 2436: 2434: 2337:Showalter, Mark (1997). "Jupiter: Ring system". 3407: 3405: 3134: 3132: 3130: 2474: 2472: 767: < 15 ± 0.3 μm and 142:. It was first observed on 4 March 1979 by the 2506: 2504: 2502: 2500: 2079: 2077: 2075: 2073: 2071: 2069: 1970: 1968: 1966: 1964: 1472:source moon trapped in 1:1 resonance with it. 57:. The main ring was discovered in 1979 by the 5119: 4413: 3852: 3686: 3412:Hamilton, Douglas P.; Kruger, Harold (2008). 3316: 3314: 3312: 3310: 3308: 3306: 3304: 3302: 3278: 3276: 2724: 2722: 2185: 2183: 2181: 2179: 2143: 2141: 1962: 1960: 1958: 1956: 1954: 1952: 1950: 1948: 1946: 1944: 8: 3585:"Juno—NASA New Frontiers Mission to Jupiter" 3179: 3177: 2974: 2972: 2970: 2865: 2863: 2861: 2859: 2857: 2855: 2853: 2851: 2849: 2847: 2770: 2768: 2766: 2764: 2762: 2760: 2302: 2300: 2298: 2296: 2294: 2292: 2290: 2288: 2286: 2284: 2282: 2280: 2278: 2276: 2274: 2272: 2270: 2268: 2266: 2264: 2262: 2260: 2258: 2256: 2254: 2252: 2177: 2175: 2173: 2171: 2169: 2167: 2165: 2163: 2161: 2159: 1908: 1712: 1710: 1650: 1648: 1467:of this moon. The particles may also follow 2626: 2624: 2622: 2318:. Cambridge University Press. p. 241. 2250: 2248: 2246: 2244: 2242: 2240: 2238: 2236: 2234: 2232: 2029: 2027: 2025: 2023: 2021: 2019: 2017: 2015: 2013: 1906: 1904: 1902: 1900: 1898: 1896: 1894: 1892: 1890: 1888: 1738: 1736: 1734: 1732: 1109:. Thus the width of the halo ring is about 5346: 5126: 5112: 5104: 4420: 4406: 4398: 4161: 4066: 3945: 3859: 3845: 3837: 3693: 3679: 3671: 3657:Planetary Ring Node: Jupiter's Ring System 2148:Morring, F. (May 7, 2007). "Ring Leader". 1498:mission to Pluto approached Jupiter for a 763:is 2.0 ± 0.2 for particles with 451:Thus the width of the main ring is around 3334: 3094: 2414: 2396: 1876: 1601:The rings as observed from the inside by 1208: 1203: 1199: 1193: 1186: 891: 872: 865: 840: 829: 825: 819: 812: 790: 740: 685: 658: 2920:Mason, J.; Cook, J.-R. C. (2011-03-31). 2872:"The Formation of Jupiter's Faint Rings" 381: 361: 165: 5509:Astronomical objects discovered in 1979 1728: 1644: 1574: 598:Spectra and particle size distribution 5294:Radioisotope thermoelectric generator 2786:. Berlin: Springer. pp. 641–725. 7: 2150:Aviation Week & Space Technology 944:and electromagnetic forces from the 2194:; West, R. A.; et al. (2004). 1549:telescope in 1997 and 2002 and the 697:{\displaystyle n(r)=A\times r^{-q}} 3473:A New Ring or Ring Arc of Jupiter? 2950:"Subtle Ripples in Jupiter's Ring" 800:{\displaystyle \scriptstyle \tau } 425:= equatorial radius of Jupiter or 25: 2340:Encyclopedia of Planetary Science 771:= 5 ± 1 for those with 613:of the main ring obtained by the 5086: 5085: 4380: 4370: 4369: 3930: 3666:USGS planetary nomenclature page 2480:"Jupiter's Rings: Sharpest View" 2034:Showalter, M. R.; Burns, J. A.; 1611: 1594: 1577: 1527:spacecraft in 1975. In 1979 the 3616:NASA's Solar System Exploration 3285:35th COSPAR Scientific Assembly 2457:. Kaua'i, Hawaii. p. 130. 4077:Jupiter-crossing minor planets 2093:Reports on Progress in Physics 1686: 920:, 7.4 × 10 kg. 719:is a number of particles with 669: 663: 177: 1: 3662:Rings of Jupiter nomenclature 3571:10.1016/S0019-1035(03)00134-9 2899:10.1126/science.284.5417.1146 2385:The Planetary Science Journal 1584:The ring system as imaged by 1492:In September 2006, as NASA's 1014:, and vertical amplitudes of 759:from the ring. The parameter 3520:10.1126/science.188.4187.465 3396:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.01.012 3353:10.1016/j.icarus.2009.03.040 3267:10.1016/j.icarus.2007.12.012 2751:10.1016/j.icarus.2004.03.003 2653:10.1016/j.icarus.2006.07.007 2537:10.1016/j.icarus.2007.11.029 2465:. LPI Contribution No. 1280. 2309:"Jupiter's ring-moon system" 2223:10.1016/j.icarus.2003.12.020 2060:10.1016/0019-1035(87)90018-2 1765:10.1126/science.204.4396.951 1431:Origin of the gossamer rings 5299:Specific orbital energy of 2113:10.1088/0034-4885/65/12/201 1310:Advanced Camera for Surveys 171: 5525: 5073:Jupiter's moons in fiction 4278:Jupiter Icy Moons Explorer 1751:(4396): 951–957, 960–972. 1619:James Webb Space Telescope 174: 5081: 4435: 4365: 4138:2016 Jupiter impact event 4133:2010 Jupiter impact event 4128:2009 Jupiter impact event 3928: 3874: 3626:NASA Voyager project page 3621:NASA Pioneer project page 2349:10.1007/1-4020-4520-4_205 860:for the large bodies and 562:Detailed analysis of the 3607:Jupiter Rings Fact Sheet 3139:Hamilton, D. P. (1994). 3047:"Tilting Saturn's rings" 1333:=2 ± 0.5. The 1043:Appearance and structure 358:Appearance and structure 261:10– 10 (large particles) 5477:(2017 documentary film) 5322:NASA Deep Space Network 4387:Solar System portal 3105:10.1126/science.1202238 3010:10.1126/science.1202241 2822:10.1126/science.1110422 2590:10.1126/science.1147647 1563:spacecraft en route to 1438:Poynting–Robertson drag 1308:telescope and the ACS ( 1238:Poynting–Robertson drag 1173:Origin of the halo ring 942:Poynting–Robertson drag 571:In February–March 2007 272:Amalthea gossamer ring 126:Discovery and structure 5444:Exploration of Neptune 5351:Exploration of Jupiter 4123:Comet Shoemaker–Levy 9 3168:10.1006/icar.1994.1089 2698:10.1006/icar.2000.6343 2004:10.1006/icar.1998.6068 1935:10.1006/icar.1999.6172 1878:10.1006/icar.1998.6072 1489: 1263: 1254:Amalthea gossamer ring 1222: 1052: 1000:Comet Shoemaker-Levy 9 937: 905: 854: 801: 749: 698: 607: 528:Hubble Space Telescope 396: 379: 367: 71:Hubble Space Telescope 41:are a system of faint 34: 5425:Exploration of Uranus 5393:Exploration of Saturn 5197:Voyager Golden Record 5191:Plasma Wave Subsystem 1483: 1261: 1223: 1050: 985:Vertical corrugations 935: 906: 855: 802: 750: 699: 605: 385: 373: 365: 32: 5179:Cosmic Ray Subsystem 3922:Jupiter's South Pole 3917:Jupiter's North Pole 3826:Circumplanetary disc 2486:on November 13, 2014 1442:orbital inclinations 1242:orbital inclinations 1230:orbital inclinations 1185: 946:Jovian magnetosphere 864: 811: 789: 739: 657: 311:Thebe gossamer ring 18:Jupiter's rings 4317:Io Volcano Observer 3748:Rings of exoplanets 3563:2003Icar..164..461B 3512:1975Sci...188..465F 3485:2010LPI....41.2549C 3441:10.1038/nature06886 3433:2008Natur.453...72H 3388:2004Icar..169..390F 3345:2009Icar..203..198K 3293:2004cosp...35.1582K 3259:2008Icar..195..361S 3198:1985Natur.316..115B 3160:1994Icar..109..221H 3087:2011Sci...332..708H 3002:2011Sci...332..711S 2891:1999Sci...284.1146B 2885:(5417): 1146–1150. 2814:2005Sci...308.1291A 2808:(5726): 1291–1293. 2784:Interplanetary Dust 2743:2004Icar..170...35B 2690:2000Icar..146....1M 2645:2006Icar..185..403W 2582:2007Sci...318..232S 2529:2008Icar..195..348D 2463:2005LPICo1280..130S 2407:2022PSJ.....3..179K 2324:2004jpsm.book..241B 2215:2004Icar..172...59T 2105:2002RPPh...65.1741E 2052:1987Icar...69..458S 1996:1999Icar..138..214D 1927:1999Icar..141..253M 1869:1999Icar..138..188O 1757:1979Sci...204..951S 1341:Thebe gossamer ring 1163:spectral properties 911:for the dust. This 779:around 15 μm. 161:Galilean satellites 5312:Grand Tour program 5243:Stamatios Krimigis 3879:Outline of Jupiter 3821:Circumstellar disc 2416:10.3847/PSJ/ac7de6 1490: 1264: 1218: 1217: 1053: 938: 901: 900: 850: 849: 807:of the main ring: 797: 796: 745: 694: 608: 397: 395:spacecraft in 2007 380: 368: 253:5.9 × 10 35: 5484: 5483: 5461: 5460: 5101: 5100: 4395: 4394: 4340: 4339: 4146: 4145: 4058: 4057: 3834: 3833: 3766:Rings of Chariklo 3506:(4187): 465–467. 3192:(6024): 115–119. 3051:PIA 12820 caption 2954:PIA 13893 caption 2576:(5848): 232–234. 2358:978-1-4020-4520-2 2099:(12): 1741–1783. 2089:"Planetary rings" 1484:Composite of six 1459:) and trailing (L 1280: 748:{\displaystyle A} 350: 349: 333:~3 × 10 294:~1 × 10 220:~1 × 10 134:, after those of 16:(Redirected from 5516: 5347: 5317:Rings of Jupiter 5128: 5121: 5114: 5105: 5089: 5088: 5068:Rings of Jupiter 4429:Moons of Jupiter 4422: 4415: 4408: 4399: 4385: 4384: 4383: 4373: 4372: 4280:(2023, en route) 4162: 4067: 3946: 3934: 3861: 3854: 3847: 3838: 3733:Rings of Neptune 3718:Rings of Jupiter 3695: 3688: 3681: 3672: 3595: 3594: 3592: 3591: 3581: 3575: 3574: 3546: 3540: 3539: 3495: 3489: 3488: 3478: 3467: 3461: 3460: 3418: 3409: 3400: 3399: 3371: 3365: 3364: 3338: 3318: 3297: 3296: 3287:. p. 1582. 3280: 3271: 3270: 3244: 3235: 3218: 3217: 3206:10.1038/316115a0 3181: 3172: 3171: 3145: 3136: 3125: 3124: 3098: 3081:(6030): 708–11. 3068: 3062: 3061: 3059: 3058: 3043: 3037: 3036: 3034: 3028:. Archived from 2985: 2976: 2965: 2964: 2962: 2961: 2946: 2940: 2939: 2937: 2936: 2917: 2911: 2910: 2876: 2867: 2842: 2841: 2794: 2788: 2787: 2781: 2772: 2755: 2754: 2726: 2717: 2716: 2714: 2708:. Archived from 2675: 2666: 2657: 2656: 2628: 2617: 2616: 2614: 2608:. Archived from 2567: 2558: 2541: 2540: 2508: 2495: 2494: 2492: 2491: 2476: 2467: 2466: 2450: 2429: 2428: 2418: 2400: 2376: 2370: 2369: 2367: 2365: 2334: 2328: 2327: 2313: 2304: 2227: 2226: 2200: 2187: 2154: 2153: 2145: 2136: 2135: 2133: 2132: 2123:. Archived from 2081: 2064: 2063: 2031: 2008: 2007: 1981: 1972: 1939: 1938: 1910: 1883: 1882: 1880: 1848: 1785: 1784: 1740: 1717: 1714: 1705: 1698: 1692: 1690: 1683: 1677: 1674: 1668: 1665: 1659: 1652: 1633:Moons of Jupiter 1615: 1598: 1581: 1469:horseshoe orbits 1406: 1402: 1400: 1394: 1392: 1375: 1371: 1369: 1356: 1352: 1350: 1292: 1288: 1286: 1278: 1273: 1271: 1227: 1225: 1224: 1219: 1216: 1215: 1198: 1197: 1137: 1135: 1116: 1114: 1108: 1106: 1093: 1089: 1087: 1081: 1079: 1066: 1062: 1060: 1021: 1017: 1013: 1009: 989:Images from the 955: 951: 950:1,000 years 910: 908: 907: 902: 899: 898: 877: 876: 859: 857: 856: 851: 848: 847: 824: 823: 806: 804: 803: 798: 754: 752: 751: 746: 703: 701: 700: 695: 693: 692: 589: 585: 513: 509: 505: 501: 497: 493: 486: 482: 478: 470: 466: 462: 458: 454: 440: 436: 428: 410: 406: 330: 325: 320: 316: 291: 286: 281: 277: 247: 242: 238: 217: 212: 207: 203: 166: 39:rings of Jupiter 21: 5524: 5523: 5519: 5518: 5517: 5515: 5514: 5513: 5499:Planetary rings 5489: 5488: 5485: 5480: 5466:Popular culture 5457: 5438: 5419: 5387: 5342: 5336: 5277: 5268:Edward C. Stone 5263:Larry Soderblom 5253:Raymond Heacock 5231: 5226:Family Portrait 5206: 5162: 5137: 5135:Voyager program 5132: 5102: 5097: 5077: 5056: 4948: 4780: 4632: 4616: 4596:Carpo group (2) 4591: 4528: 4512: 4471: 4440: 4431: 4426: 4396: 4391: 4381: 4379: 4361: 4336: 4291: 4266: 4246:Voyager program 4218:Pioneer program 4197:Galileo project 4191:Cassini–Huygens 4178: 4157: 4155: 4142: 4109: 4086: 4054: 4008: 3975: 3935: 3926: 3883: 3870: 3865: 3835: 3830: 3804: 3785: 3781:Rings of Quaoar 3771:Rings of Chiron 3752: 3728:Rings of Uranus 3723:Rings of Saturn 3704: 3699: 3612:Jupiter's Rings 3603: 3598: 3589: 3587: 3583: 3582: 3578: 3548: 3547: 3543: 3497: 3496: 3492: 3476: 3469: 3468: 3464: 3427:(7191): 72–75. 3416: 3411: 3410: 3403: 3373: 3372: 3368: 3320: 3319: 3300: 3282: 3281: 3274: 3242: 3237: 3236: 3221: 3183: 3182: 3175: 3143: 3138: 3137: 3128: 3096:10.1.1.651.5611 3070: 3069: 3065: 3056: 3054: 3045: 3044: 3040: 3032: 2996:(6030): 711–3. 2983: 2978: 2977: 2968: 2959: 2957: 2948: 2947: 2943: 2934: 2932: 2919: 2918: 2914: 2874: 2869: 2868: 2845: 2798:Anderson, J. D. 2796: 2795: 2791: 2779: 2774: 2773: 2758: 2728: 2727: 2720: 2712: 2673: 2668: 2667: 2660: 2630: 2629: 2620: 2612: 2565: 2560: 2559: 2544: 2510: 2509: 2498: 2489: 2487: 2478: 2477: 2470: 2452: 2451: 2432: 2378: 2377: 2373: 2363: 2361: 2359: 2336: 2335: 2331: 2311: 2306: 2305: 2230: 2198: 2190:Throop, H. B.; 2189: 2188: 2157: 2147: 2146: 2139: 2130: 2128: 2085:Esposito, L. W. 2083: 2082: 2067: 2033: 2032: 2011: 1979: 1974: 1973: 1942: 1912: 1911: 1886: 1850: 1849: 1788: 1742: 1741: 1730: 1726: 1721: 1720: 1715: 1708: 1702:rational number 1699: 1695: 1685: 1684: 1680: 1675: 1671: 1666: 1662: 1653: 1646: 1641: 1629: 1622: 1616: 1607: 1599: 1590: 1582: 1573: 1521:radiation belts 1517: 1478: 1465:Lagrange points 1462: 1458: 1433: 1413: 1410: 1404: 1398: 1396: 1390: 1388: 1382: 1379: 1373: 1367: 1365: 1363: 1360: 1354: 1348: 1346: 1343: 1299: 1296: 1290: 1284: 1282: 1269: 1267: 1256: 1251: 1204: 1189: 1183: 1182: 1175: 1133: 1131: 1112: 1110: 1104: 1102: 1100: 1097: 1091: 1085: 1083: 1077: 1075: 1073: 1070: 1064: 1058: 1056: 1045: 1040: 1019: 1015: 1011: 1007: 987: 953: 949: 930: 887: 868: 862: 861: 836: 815: 809: 808: 787: 786: 737: 736: 681: 655: 654: 600: 587: 583: 542:adaptive optics 512:128,000 km 511: 507: 504:129,000 km 503: 499: 496:128,500 km 495: 492:129,100 km 491: 485:120,000 km 484: 480: 477:128,000 km 476: 469:126,000 km 468: 465:129,000 km 464: 461:129,300 km 460: 457:128,600 km 456: 452: 447: 444: 438: 435:122,500 km 434: 426: 424: 421: 417: 414: 408: 405:129,000 km 404: 360: 355: 342:Connected with 328: 323: 318: 314: 303:Connected with 289: 284: 279: 275: 260: 245: 240: 236: 215: 210: 205: 201: 178:Thickness (km) 128: 43:planetary rings 23: 22: 15: 12: 11: 5: 5522: 5520: 5512: 5511: 5506: 5501: 5491: 5490: 5482: 5481: 5479: 5478: 5469: 5467: 5463: 5462: 5459: 5458: 5456: 5455: 5448: 5446: 5440: 5439: 5437: 5436: 5429: 5427: 5421: 5420: 5418: 5417: 5416: 5415: 5410: 5397: 5395: 5389: 5388: 5386: 5385: 5384: 5383: 5378: 5373: 5368: 5364:with volcanos 5355: 5353: 5344: 5338: 5337: 5335: 5334: 5329: 5324: 5319: 5314: 5309: 5304: 5296: 5291: 5289:Gravity assist 5285: 5283: 5279: 5278: 5276: 5275: 5273:Timothy Ferris 5270: 5265: 5260: 5255: 5250: 5245: 5239: 5237: 5233: 5232: 5230: 5229: 5222: 5214: 5212: 5208: 5207: 5205: 5204: 5194: 5188: 5182: 5176: 5170: 5168: 5164: 5163: 5161: 5160: 5153: 5145: 5143: 5139: 5138: 5133: 5131: 5130: 5123: 5116: 5108: 5099: 5098: 5096: 5095: 5082: 5079: 5078: 5076: 5075: 5070: 5064: 5062: 5058: 5057: 5055: 5054: 5049: 5044: 5039: 5034: 5029: 5024: 5019: 5014: 5009: 5004: 4995: 4990: 4985: 4980: 4975: 4970: 4965: 4959: 4957: 4954:Pasiphae group 4950: 4949: 4947: 4946: 4941: 4936: 4931: 4926: 4921: 4916: 4911: 4906: 4901: 4892: 4887: 4882: 4877: 4872: 4867: 4862: 4857: 4852: 4847: 4842: 4837: 4832: 4827: 4822: 4817: 4812: 4807: 4802: 4797: 4791: 4789: 4782: 4781: 4779: 4778: 4773: 4768: 4763: 4754: 4749: 4744: 4739: 4737:Jupiter LXVIII 4734: 4729: 4724: 4719: 4714: 4709: 4704: 4699: 4694: 4689: 4684: 4679: 4674: 4669: 4664: 4659: 4654: 4649: 4643: 4641: 4634: 4633: 4631: 4630: 4624: 4622: 4618: 4617: 4615: 4614: 4605: 4599: 4597: 4593: 4592: 4590: 4589: 4584: 4579: 4574: 4569: 4564: 4555: 4550: 4545: 4539: 4537: 4530: 4529: 4527: 4526: 4520: 4518: 4514: 4513: 4511: 4510: 4503: 4496: 4489: 4481: 4479: 4477:Galilean moons 4473: 4472: 4470: 4469: 4464: 4459: 4454: 4448: 4446: 4442: 4441: 4436: 4433: 4432: 4427: 4425: 4424: 4417: 4410: 4402: 4393: 4392: 4390: 4389: 4377: 4366: 4363: 4362: 4360: 4359: 4354: 4348: 4346: 4342: 4341: 4338: 4337: 4335: 4334: 4326: 4320: 4314: 4306: 4299: 4297: 4293: 4292: 4290: 4289: 4285:Europa Clipper 4281: 4274: 4272: 4268: 4267: 4265: 4264: 4263: 4262: 4255: 4243: 4236: 4235: 4234: 4227: 4215: 4208: 4207: 4206: 4194: 4186: 4184: 4180: 4179: 4177: 4176: 4168: 4166: 4159: 4148: 4147: 4144: 4143: 4141: 4140: 4135: 4130: 4125: 4119: 4117: 4111: 4110: 4108: 4107: 4102: 4096: 4094: 4088: 4087: 4085: 4084: 4082:Solar eclipses 4079: 4073: 4071: 4064: 4060: 4059: 4056: 4055: 4053: 4052: 4050:Pasiphae group 4047: 4042: 4037: 4032: 4027: 4022: 4016: 4014: 4010: 4009: 4007: 4006: 4001: 3996: 3991: 3985: 3983: 3977: 3976: 3974: 3973: 3968: 3963: 3958: 3952: 3950: 3943: 3937: 3936: 3929: 3927: 3925: 3924: 3919: 3914: 3909: 3904: 3903: 3902: 3900:Great Red Spot 3891: 3889: 3885: 3884: 3882: 3881: 3875: 3872: 3871: 3866: 3864: 3863: 3856: 3849: 3841: 3832: 3831: 3829: 3828: 3823: 3818: 3812: 3810: 3809:Related topics 3806: 3805: 3803: 3802: 3795: 3793: 3787: 3786: 3784: 3783: 3778: 3776:Ring of Haumea 3773: 3768: 3762: 3760: 3754: 3753: 3751: 3750: 3745: 3738:Rings of Earth 3735: 3730: 3725: 3720: 3714: 3712: 3706: 3705: 3700: 3698: 3697: 3690: 3683: 3675: 3669: 3668: 3659: 3654: 3646: 3637: 3628: 3623: 3618: 3609: 3602: 3601:External links 3599: 3597: 3596: 3576: 3557:(2): 461–470. 3541: 3490: 3462: 3401: 3382:(2): 390–401. 3366: 3329:(1): 198–213. 3298: 3272: 3253:(1): 361–377. 3219: 3173: 3154:(2): 221–240. 3126: 3063: 3038: 3035:on 2020-02-12. 2966: 2941: 2912: 2843: 2789: 2756: 2718: 2715:on 2020-04-12. 2658: 2639:(2): 403–415. 2618: 2615:on 2019-03-03. 2542: 2523:(1): 348–360. 2496: 2468: 2430: 2371: 2357: 2329: 2228: 2155: 2137: 2065: 2046:(3): 458–498. 2009: 1990:(2): 214–223. 1940: 1921:(2): 253–262. 1884: 1863:(2): 188–213. 1786: 1727: 1725: 1722: 1719: 1718: 1706: 1693: 1678: 1669: 1660: 1643: 1642: 1640: 1637: 1636: 1635: 1628: 1625: 1624: 1623: 1617: 1610: 1608: 1600: 1593: 1591: 1583: 1576: 1572: 1569: 1516: 1513: 1500:gravity assist 1477: 1474: 1460: 1456: 1432: 1429: 1411: 1408: 1380: 1377: 1361: 1358: 1342: 1339: 1297: 1294: 1255: 1252: 1250: 1249:Gossamer rings 1247: 1234:eccentricities 1214: 1211: 1207: 1202: 1196: 1192: 1174: 1171: 1098: 1095: 1071: 1068: 1044: 1041: 1039: 1036: 986: 983: 929: 928:Origin and age 926: 897: 894: 890: 886: 883: 880: 875: 871: 846: 843: 839: 835: 832: 828: 822: 818: 795: 744: 705: 704: 691: 688: 684: 680: 677: 674: 671: 668: 665: 662: 599: 596: 544:in 2002–2003. 445: 442: 427:71,398 km 422: 419: 415: 412: 359: 356: 354: 351: 348: 347: 340: 337: 334: 331: 326: 321: 312: 308: 307: 301: 298: 295: 292: 287: 282: 273: 269: 268: 262: 257: 254: 251: 248: 243: 234: 230: 229: 227: 224: 221: 218: 213: 208: 199: 195: 194: 191: 188: 187:Dust fraction 185: 179: 176: 173: 170: 127: 124: 24: 14: 13: 10: 9: 6: 4: 3: 2: 5521: 5510: 5507: 5505: 5502: 5500: 5497: 5496: 5494: 5487: 5476: 5475: 5471: 5470: 5468: 5464: 5454: 5451:and its moon 5450: 5449: 5447: 5445: 5441: 5435: 5431: 5430: 5428: 5426: 5422: 5414: 5411: 5409: 5406:with craters 5405: 5404: 5403: 5400:and its moon 5399: 5398: 5396: 5394: 5390: 5382: 5379: 5377: 5374: 5372: 5369: 5367: 5363: 5362: 5361: 5358:and its moon 5357: 5356: 5354: 5352: 5348: 5345: 5339: 5333: 5330: 5328: 5325: 5323: 5320: 5318: 5315: 5313: 5310: 5308: 5305: 5303: 5302: 5297: 5295: 5292: 5290: 5287: 5286: 5284: 5280: 5274: 5271: 5269: 5266: 5264: 5261: 5259: 5256: 5254: 5251: 5249: 5248:Carolyn Porco 5246: 5244: 5241: 5240: 5238: 5234: 5228: 5227: 5223: 5221: 5220: 5219:Pale Blue Dot 5216: 5215: 5213: 5209: 5202: 5198: 5195: 5192: 5189: 5186: 5183: 5180: 5177: 5175: 5172: 5171: 5169: 5165: 5159: 5158: 5154: 5152: 5151: 5147: 5146: 5144: 5140: 5136: 5129: 5124: 5122: 5117: 5115: 5110: 5109: 5106: 5094: 5093: 5084: 5083: 5080: 5074: 5071: 5069: 5066: 5065: 5063: 5059: 5053: 5050: 5048: 5045: 5043: 5040: 5038: 5035: 5033: 5030: 5028: 5025: 5023: 5020: 5018: 5015: 5013: 5010: 5008: 5005: 5003: 5002: 5001: 4996: 4994: 4991: 4989: 4988:Jupiter LXVII 4986: 4984: 4981: 4979: 4976: 4974: 4971: 4969: 4966: 4964: 4963:Philophrosyne 4961: 4960: 4958: 4955: 4951: 4945: 4942: 4940: 4937: 4935: 4932: 4930: 4927: 4925: 4922: 4920: 4917: 4915: 4912: 4910: 4907: 4905: 4902: 4900: 4899: 4898: 4893: 4891: 4890:Jupiter LXXII 4888: 4886: 4883: 4881: 4878: 4876: 4873: 4871: 4868: 4866: 4863: 4861: 4858: 4856: 4853: 4851: 4848: 4846: 4843: 4841: 4838: 4836: 4835:Jupiter LXIII 4833: 4831: 4828: 4826: 4823: 4821: 4818: 4816: 4813: 4811: 4808: 4806: 4803: 4801: 4798: 4796: 4793: 4792: 4790: 4787: 4783: 4777: 4774: 4772: 4769: 4767: 4764: 4762: 4761: 4760: 4755: 4753: 4750: 4748: 4745: 4743: 4740: 4738: 4735: 4733: 4730: 4728: 4725: 4723: 4720: 4718: 4715: 4713: 4710: 4708: 4705: 4703: 4700: 4698: 4695: 4693: 4690: 4688: 4685: 4683: 4680: 4678: 4675: 4673: 4670: 4668: 4665: 4663: 4660: 4658: 4655: 4653: 4650: 4648: 4645: 4644: 4642: 4639: 4635: 4629: 4626: 4625: 4623: 4619: 4613: 4612: 4611: 4606: 4604: 4601: 4600: 4598: 4594: 4588: 4585: 4583: 4580: 4578: 4575: 4573: 4570: 4568: 4565: 4563: 4562: 4561: 4556: 4554: 4551: 4549: 4546: 4544: 4541: 4540: 4538: 4535: 4534:Himalia group 4531: 4525: 4522: 4521: 4519: 4515: 4509: 4508: 4504: 4502: 4501: 4497: 4495: 4494: 4490: 4488: 4487: 4483: 4482: 4480: 4478: 4474: 4468: 4465: 4463: 4460: 4458: 4455: 4453: 4450: 4449: 4447: 4443: 4439: 4434: 4430: 4423: 4418: 4416: 4411: 4409: 4404: 4403: 4400: 4388: 4378: 4376: 4368: 4367: 4364: 4358: 4355: 4353: 4350: 4349: 4347: 4343: 4332: 4331: 4327: 4324: 4321: 4318: 4315: 4312: 4311: 4307: 4304: 4301: 4300: 4298: 4294: 4287: 4286: 4282: 4279: 4276: 4275: 4273: 4269: 4261: 4260: 4256: 4254: 4253: 4249: 4248: 4247: 4244: 4242: 4241: 4237: 4233: 4232: 4228: 4226: 4225: 4221: 4220: 4219: 4216: 4214: 4213: 4209: 4205: 4204: 4200: 4199: 4198: 4195: 4193: 4192: 4188: 4187: 4185: 4181: 4175: 4174: 4170: 4169: 4167: 4163: 4160: 4153: 4149: 4139: 4136: 4134: 4131: 4129: 4126: 4124: 4121: 4120: 4118: 4116: 4112: 4106: 4103: 4101: 4098: 4097: 4095: 4093: 4089: 4083: 4080: 4078: 4075: 4074: 4072: 4068: 4065: 4061: 4051: 4048: 4046: 4043: 4041: 4038: 4036: 4033: 4031: 4028: 4026: 4023: 4021: 4020:Himalia group 4018: 4017: 4015: 4011: 4005: 4002: 4000: 3997: 3995: 3992: 3990: 3987: 3986: 3984: 3982: 3978: 3972: 3969: 3967: 3964: 3962: 3959: 3957: 3954: 3953: 3951: 3947: 3944: 3942: 3938: 3933: 3923: 3920: 3918: 3915: 3913: 3910: 3908: 3907:Magnetosphere 3905: 3901: 3898: 3897: 3896: 3893: 3892: 3890: 3886: 3880: 3877: 3876: 3873: 3869: 3862: 3857: 3855: 3850: 3848: 3843: 3842: 3839: 3827: 3824: 3822: 3819: 3817: 3814: 3813: 3811: 3807: 3801:(unconfirmed) 3800: 3799:Rings of Rhea 3797: 3796: 3794: 3792: 3788: 3782: 3779: 3777: 3774: 3772: 3769: 3767: 3764: 3763: 3761: 3759: 3758:Minor planets 3755: 3749: 3746: 3743: 3739: 3736: 3734: 3731: 3729: 3726: 3724: 3721: 3719: 3716: 3715: 3713: 3711: 3707: 3703: 3696: 3691: 3689: 3684: 3682: 3677: 3676: 3673: 3667: 3663: 3660: 3658: 3655: 3653: 3651: 3647: 3645: 3644:project space 3643: 3638: 3636: 3634: 3629: 3627: 3624: 3622: 3619: 3617: 3613: 3610: 3608: 3605: 3604: 3600: 3586: 3580: 3577: 3572: 3568: 3564: 3560: 3556: 3552: 3545: 3542: 3537: 3533: 3529: 3525: 3521: 3517: 3513: 3509: 3505: 3501: 3494: 3491: 3486: 3482: 3475: 3474: 3466: 3463: 3458: 3454: 3450: 3446: 3442: 3438: 3434: 3430: 3426: 3422: 3415: 3408: 3406: 3402: 3397: 3393: 3389: 3385: 3381: 3377: 3370: 3367: 3362: 3358: 3354: 3350: 3346: 3342: 3337: 3332: 3328: 3324: 3317: 3315: 3313: 3311: 3309: 3307: 3305: 3303: 3299: 3294: 3290: 3286: 3279: 3277: 3273: 3268: 3264: 3260: 3256: 3252: 3248: 3241: 3234: 3232: 3230: 3228: 3226: 3224: 3220: 3215: 3211: 3207: 3203: 3199: 3195: 3191: 3187: 3180: 3178: 3174: 3169: 3165: 3161: 3157: 3153: 3149: 3142: 3135: 3133: 3131: 3127: 3122: 3118: 3114: 3110: 3106: 3102: 3097: 3092: 3088: 3084: 3080: 3076: 3075: 3067: 3064: 3052: 3048: 3042: 3039: 3031: 3027: 3023: 3019: 3015: 3011: 3007: 3003: 2999: 2995: 2991: 2990: 2982: 2975: 2973: 2971: 2967: 2955: 2951: 2945: 2942: 2930: 2929:press release 2928: 2923: 2916: 2913: 2908: 2904: 2900: 2896: 2892: 2888: 2884: 2880: 2873: 2866: 2864: 2862: 2860: 2858: 2856: 2854: 2852: 2850: 2848: 2844: 2839: 2835: 2831: 2827: 2823: 2819: 2815: 2811: 2807: 2803: 2799: 2793: 2790: 2785: 2778: 2771: 2769: 2767: 2765: 2763: 2761: 2757: 2752: 2748: 2744: 2740: 2736: 2732: 2725: 2723: 2719: 2711: 2707: 2703: 2699: 2695: 2691: 2687: 2683: 2679: 2672: 2665: 2663: 2659: 2654: 2650: 2646: 2642: 2638: 2634: 2627: 2625: 2623: 2619: 2611: 2607: 2603: 2599: 2595: 2591: 2587: 2583: 2579: 2575: 2571: 2564: 2557: 2555: 2553: 2551: 2549: 2547: 2543: 2538: 2534: 2530: 2526: 2522: 2518: 2514: 2507: 2505: 2503: 2501: 2497: 2485: 2481: 2475: 2473: 2469: 2464: 2460: 2456: 2449: 2447: 2445: 2443: 2441: 2439: 2437: 2435: 2431: 2426: 2422: 2417: 2412: 2408: 2404: 2399: 2394: 2390: 2386: 2382: 2375: 2372: 2360: 2354: 2350: 2346: 2342: 2341: 2333: 2330: 2325: 2321: 2317: 2310: 2303: 2301: 2299: 2297: 2295: 2293: 2291: 2289: 2287: 2285: 2283: 2281: 2279: 2277: 2275: 2273: 2271: 2269: 2267: 2265: 2263: 2261: 2259: 2257: 2255: 2253: 2251: 2249: 2247: 2245: 2243: 2241: 2239: 2237: 2235: 2233: 2229: 2224: 2220: 2216: 2212: 2208: 2204: 2197: 2193: 2186: 2184: 2182: 2180: 2178: 2176: 2174: 2172: 2170: 2168: 2166: 2164: 2162: 2160: 2156: 2151: 2144: 2142: 2138: 2127:on 2020-06-16 2126: 2122: 2118: 2114: 2110: 2106: 2102: 2098: 2094: 2090: 2086: 2080: 2078: 2076: 2074: 2072: 2070: 2066: 2061: 2057: 2053: 2049: 2045: 2041: 2037: 2030: 2028: 2026: 2024: 2022: 2020: 2018: 2016: 2014: 2010: 2005: 2001: 1997: 1993: 1989: 1985: 1978: 1971: 1969: 1967: 1965: 1963: 1961: 1959: 1957: 1955: 1953: 1951: 1949: 1947: 1945: 1941: 1936: 1932: 1928: 1924: 1920: 1916: 1909: 1907: 1905: 1903: 1901: 1899: 1897: 1895: 1893: 1891: 1889: 1885: 1879: 1874: 1870: 1866: 1862: 1858: 1854: 1847: 1845: 1843: 1841: 1839: 1837: 1835: 1833: 1831: 1829: 1827: 1825: 1823: 1821: 1819: 1817: 1815: 1813: 1811: 1809: 1807: 1805: 1803: 1801: 1799: 1797: 1795: 1793: 1791: 1787: 1782: 1778: 1774: 1770: 1766: 1762: 1758: 1754: 1750: 1746: 1739: 1737: 1735: 1733: 1729: 1723: 1713: 1711: 1707: 1703: 1697: 1694: 1689: 1688: 1682: 1679: 1673: 1670: 1664: 1661: 1657: 1656:cross section 1651: 1649: 1645: 1638: 1634: 1631: 1630: 1626: 1620: 1614: 1609: 1606: 1605: 1597: 1592: 1589: 1588: 1580: 1575: 1570: 1568: 1566: 1562: 1561: 1556: 1552: 1548: 1544: 1543: 1538: 1537: 1532: 1531: 1526: 1522: 1514: 1512: 1509: 1505: 1501: 1497: 1496: 1487: 1482: 1475: 1473: 1470: 1466: 1453: 1449: 1447: 1443: 1439: 1430: 1428: 1425: 1424:optical depth 1420: 1417: 1386: 1340: 1338: 1336: 1335:optical depth 1332: 1328: 1327: 1321: 1317: 1315: 1311: 1307: 1303: 1277: 1260: 1253: 1248: 1246: 1243: 1239: 1235: 1231: 1212: 1209: 1205: 1200: 1194: 1190: 1181: 1180:optical depth 1172: 1170: 1168: 1164: 1159: 1157: 1153: 1149: 1145: 1141: 1129: 1125: 1124: 1118: 1049: 1042: 1037: 1035: 1033: 1029: 1026:in Saturns's 1025: 1005: 1001: 996: 992: 984: 982: 980: 975: 971: 970: 965: 961: 960: 954:1,000 km 947: 943: 934: 927: 925: 921: 919: 914: 913:optical depth 895: 892: 888: 884: 881: 878: 873: 869: 844: 841: 837: 833: 830: 826: 820: 816: 793: 785: 784:optical depth 780: 778: 774: 770: 766: 762: 758: 742: 734: 731: + 730: 726: 722: 718: 714: 710: 689: 686: 682: 678: 675: 672: 666: 660: 653: 652: 651: 650: 645: 642: 637: 634: 630: 629: 624: 620: 616: 612: 604: 597: 595: 593: 588:3,000 km 581: 576: 575: 569: 567: 566: 560: 557: 556: 551: 545: 543: 539: 538: 533: 529: 525: 524: 519: 518: 488: 474: 453:6,500 km 449: 432: 402: 394: 393: 388: 384: 377: 372: 364: 357: 352: 345: 341: 338: 335: 332: 327: 322: 313: 310: 309: 306: 302: 299: 296: 293: 288: 283: 274: 271: 270: 267: 263: 259:10– 10 (dust) 258: 255: 252: 249: 244: 235: 232: 231: 228: 225: 222: 219: 214: 209: 200: 197: 196: 192: 189: 186: 183: 182:Optical depth 180: 168: 167: 164: 162: 157: 154: 150: 147: 146: 141: 137: 133: 125: 123: 121: 116: 113: 107: 105: 104: 99: 95: 90: 88: 84: 80: 74: 72: 68: 67: 62: 61: 56: 52: 48: 44: 40: 31: 27: 19: 5486: 5474:The Farthest 5472: 5316: 5300: 5236:Voyager team 5225: 5217: 5155: 5148: 5090: 5067: 4998: 4997: 4924:Jupiter LXVI 4895: 4894: 4815:Jupiter LXIX 4757: 4756: 4722:Jupiter LXIV 4638:Ananke group 4608: 4607: 4558: 4557: 4505: 4498: 4491: 4484: 4437: 4328: 4308: 4283: 4257: 4250: 4238: 4229: 4222: 4212:New Horizons 4210: 4201: 4189: 4171: 4040:Ananke group 3911: 3742:space debris 3717: 3702:Ring systems 3652:project page 3650:New Horizons 3649: 3641: 3635:project page 3632: 3588:. Retrieved 3579: 3554: 3550: 3544: 3503: 3499: 3493: 3472: 3465: 3424: 3420: 3379: 3375: 3369: 3326: 3322: 3284: 3250: 3246: 3189: 3185: 3151: 3147: 3078: 3072: 3066: 3055:. Retrieved 3050: 3041: 3030:the original 2993: 2987: 2958:. Retrieved 2953: 2944: 2933:. Retrieved 2925: 2915: 2882: 2878: 2805: 2801: 2792: 2783: 2737:(1): 35–57. 2734: 2730: 2710:the original 2681: 2677: 2636: 2632: 2610:the original 2573: 2569: 2520: 2516: 2488:. Retrieved 2484:the original 2454: 2388: 2384: 2374: 2362:. Retrieved 2339: 2332: 2315: 2209:(1): 59–77. 2206: 2202: 2192:Porco, C. C. 2149: 2129:. Retrieved 2125:the original 2096: 2092: 2043: 2039: 2036:Cuzzi, J. N. 1987: 1983: 1918: 1914: 1860: 1856: 1748: 1744: 1696: 1687: 1681: 1672: 1663: 1602: 1585: 1558: 1555:New Horizons 1554: 1540: 1534: 1528: 1518: 1508:New Horizons 1507: 1495:New Horizons 1493: 1491: 1486:New Horizons 1485: 1476:Himalia ring 1454: 1450: 1434: 1421: 1344: 1330: 1324: 1322: 1318: 1275: 1265: 1176: 1160: 1147: 1143: 1139: 1121: 1119: 1054: 1023: 1020:0.6 ± 0.2 km 1003: 995:New Horizons 994: 990: 988: 967: 959:New Horizons 957: 939: 922: 781: 776: 772: 768: 764: 760: 732: 728: 724: 716: 712: 708: 706: 646: 638: 626: 609: 574:New Horizons 572: 570: 563: 561: 553: 546: 535: 523:New Horizons 521: 515: 489: 450: 398: 392:New Horizons 390: 376:New Horizons 375: 172:Radius (km) 158: 143: 132:Solar System 129: 117: 108: 103:New Horizons 101: 91: 75: 64: 58: 38: 36: 26: 5341:Observation 5327:Frank Drake 5047:S/2003 J 23 5027:Jupiter LIX 4973:Jupiter LVI 4944:S/2003 J 10 4909:Jupiter LXI 4825:S/2003 J 24 4786:Carme group 4776:Jupiter LXX 4732:S/2003 J 12 4687:S/2003 J 16 4672:Jupiter LIV 4667:Jupiter LII 4445:Inner moons 4152:Exploration 4105:Trojan camp 4045:Carme group 2684:(1): 1–11. 1515:Exploration 1364:) to about 1281:) to about 1012:630 ± 20 km 580:azimuthally 264:Bounded by 175:Width (km) 149:space probe 5493:Categories 5376:Prometheus 5332:Carl Sagan 5307:Titan IIIE 5167:Components 5142:Spacecraft 5042:Callirrhoe 4983:S/2016 J 4 4978:S/2003 J 4 4939:S/2021 J 5 4934:S/2018 J 3 4919:S/2003 J 9 4914:Jupiter LI 4850:Kallichore 4845:S/2021 J 4 4820:S/2021 J 6 4805:S/2016 J 3 4800:S/2022 J 2 4795:S/2022 J 1 4752:S/2003 J 2 4727:S/2021 J 1 4712:S/2021 J 2 4702:S/2022 J 3 4662:S/2021 J 3 4652:Jupiter LV 4603:S/2018 J 4 4582:S/2011 J 3 4553:S/2018 J 2 4231:Pioneer 11 4224:Pioneer 10 4100:Greek camp 3895:Atmosphere 3590:2007-06-06 3057:2011-04-04 2960:2011-04-04 2935:2011-04-04 2490:2011-09-29 2398:2207.06434 2391:(7): 179. 2131:2007-06-17 1724:References 1525:Pioneer 11 1008:1920 ± 150 592:resonances 233:Main ring 198:Halo ring 5413:Shahrazad 5402:Enceladus 5301:Voyager 1 5258:Jim Blinn 5157:Voyager 2 5150:Voyager 1 5012:Megaclite 4742:Thelxinoe 4717:Praxidike 4692:Harpalyke 4357:Mythology 4323:Tianwen-4 4303:Laplace-P 4259:Voyager 2 4252:Voyager 1 4063:Astronomy 4013:Irregular 3888:Geography 3816:Gas torus 3664:from the 3457:205212936 3336:0803.2849 3091:CiteSeerX 2425:250526615 2121:250909885 1536:Voyager 2 1530:Voyager 1 1210:− 1201:∼ 1191:τ 1038:Halo ring 1016:2.4 ± 0.7 893:− 885:× 870:τ 842:− 834:× 817:τ 794:τ 687:− 679:× 649:power law 475:orbit at 353:Main ring 190:Mass, kg 145:Voyager 1 60:Voyager 1 5432:and its 5408:Dunyazad 5201:contents 5092:Category 5061:See also 5000:Pasiphae 4993:Hegemone 4968:Eurydome 4875:Eukelade 4830:Chaldene 4810:Pasithee 4771:Hermippe 4697:Orthosie 4628:Valetudo 4621:Valetudo 4572:Lysithea 4524:Themisto 4517:Themisto 4507:Callisto 4500:Ganymede 4462:Amalthea 4457:Adrastea 4375:Category 4296:Proposed 4158:missions 4035:Valetudo 4025:Themisto 4004:Callisto 3999:Ganymede 3981:Galilean 3966:Amalthea 3961:Adrastea 3536:32239999 3528:17734363 3449:18451856 3214:36269909 3121:11449779 3113:21454753 3026:27371440 3018:21454755 2907:10325220 2830:15919987 2706:53941924 2606:12995172 2598:17932287 2152:: 80–83. 2087:(2002). 1781:33147728 1773:17800430 1627:See also 1401: km 1393: km 1370: km 1351: km 1287: km 1272: km 1146:, where 1136: km 1115: km 1107: km 1088: km 1080: km 1061: km 1004:Galileo' 723:between 534:and the 473:Metidian 431:Adrastea 305:Amalthea 266:Adrastea 98:Adrastea 83:Amalthea 79:gossamer 5504:Jupiter 5343:targets 5282:Related 5174:MHW-RTG 5037:Autonoe 5017:Cyllene 4885:Taygete 4855:Erinome 4766:Iocaste 4682:Euanthe 4657:Eupheme 4647:Euporie 4560:Himalia 4352:Fiction 4345:Related 4310:Shensuo 4240:Ulysses 4203:Galileo 4165:Current 4156:orbital 4115:Impacts 4092:Trojans 4070:General 3868:Jupiter 3710:Planets 3642:Cassini 3633:Galileo 3559:Bibcode 3508:Bibcode 3500:Science 3481:Bibcode 3429:Bibcode 3384:Bibcode 3361:1154579 3341:Bibcode 3289:Bibcode 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