399:
928:, is defined as exactly 0.371475 m (1 ft 2.6250 in) or 1 7/32 ft. The two units are sometimes referred to in English as "Chinese foot" and "Hong Kong foot".
1015:, depending on the part of the country and the application, varied between 31 and 36 cm (12 and 14 in). According to an 1864 British report, in most of China the
813:", its length was originally derived from the distance measured by a human hand, from the tip of the thumb to the tip of the forefinger, and is similar to the ancient
542:
864:
1191:
1164:
855:). Its present value is standardized at around one-third metre (1 ft 1 in), although the exact standards vary among the
1023:
was 12.058 inches (30.63 cm), while the value generally used for measuring distances was 12.17 inches (30.9 cm). In
1084:
931:
705:
700:
588:
414:
352:
278:
142:
1105:
1076:
1035:. The value fixed by a Sino-British treaty for the purposes of customs duties in Hong Kong was 14.1 inches (36 cm).
939:
895:
860:
800:
419:
1031:
used for local trade varied from 14.625 to 14.81 inches (37.15 to 37.62 cm) – i.e., very close to the modern
1261:
1131:(説文解字）, "尺，所以指尺䂓榘事也。" East Asian usually makes spanning with his/her thumb and forefinger, instead of pinkie.
1206:
Liu, C. Y. (1987). "A Research on the
Implication of Zhang-Chi in Ancient Chinese Astronomical Records".
366:
292:
1004:
as an angular unit; modern analysis of historical records indicates that it may have been equal to one
973:
was known allowed modern researchers to surmise that during the 2nd century BC to 3rd century AD the (
1215:
216:
1183:
The Grand Scribe's
Records: The Memoirs of Han China, Part 1. Volume 8 of The Grand Scribe's Records
1072:
925:
509:
541:
1187:
1160:
1056:
72:
47:
1019:
used by engineers in public works was equal to 12.71 inches (32.3 cm), the surveyors'
121:
107:
1219:
1109:
1005:
990:
982:
856:
505:
403:
Wooden ruler of the western Han dynasty, unearthed at
Jinguan Pass Site in Jinta County
1255:
1128:
989:
varied between 23.1 and 24.3 cm (9.1 and 9.6 in). Even earlier, during the
917:
822:
818:
461:
1141:
Cap. 68A WEIGHTS AND MEASURES ORDER ─ SCHEDULE WEIGHTS AND MEASURES CONVERSION TABLE
1140:
943:
878:
In its ancient and modern forms, the chi is divided into 10 smaller units known as
835:
79:
1234:
1181:
1154:
978:
974:
814:
519:
879:
495:
1153:
Shen, Kangshen; Crossley, John N.; Lun, Anthony Wah-Cheung; Liu, Hui (1999).
1024:
868:
826:
135:
1051:) has also seen metaphorical usages in the Chinese language. For example,
398:
883:
156:
93:
17:
1097:'gaining a cun and asking for a chi') means "extremely greedy".
848:
54:
966:
872:
804:
429:
315:
239:
1156:
The nine chapters on the mathematical art: companion and commentary
840:
830:
825:
approximately 3,000 years ago and has since been adopted by other
490:
329:
253:
179:
524:
193:
1000:
It is thought that the ancient
Chinese astronomers also used
577:
of an inch. A metric ruler is shown next to it for comparison
546:
a section of an old Hong Kong ruler, showing the last (10th)
465:
1071:, refers to the dimensions of an object, while the idiom "
161:
147:
221:
126:
112:
98:
84:
371:
357:
297:
283:
969:and other artifacts whose size in the contemporary
766:
741:
719:
711:
699:
694:
649:
627:
605:
597:
587:
582:
534:
501:
457:
435:
425:
413:
408:
391:
365:
351:
346:
328:
314:
309:
291:
277:
272:
252:
238:
233:
215:
210:
192:
178:
173:
155:
141:
134:
120:
106:
92:
78:
71:
66:
46:
41:
32:
1043:Due to its long history and its widespread usage,
902:has been defined as exactly 1/3 of a metre, i.e.,
1186:, Indiana University Press, pp. xliv–xlv,
198:
184:
52:
8:
882:(the "Chinese inch"). 10 chi are equal to 1
334:
320:
258:
244:
1092:
807:. Although it is often translated as the "
691:
558:in that jurisdiction was exactly equal to
531:
388:
343:
269:
207:
63:
1236:Foreign measures and their English values
916: cm (13.1 in). However, in the
1121:
1104:is also sometimes used to refer to the
1159:. Oxford University Press. p. 8.
1011:In the 19th century, the value of the
29:
7:
920:the corresponding unit, pronounced
27:Traditional Chinese unit of length
25:
723:
609:
439:
540:
397:
1063:), a word made up of the units
162:
148:
1233:Carrington, Robert C. (1864).
1088:
1080:
372:
358:
298:
284:
222:
127:
113:
99:
85:
53:
1:
865:special administrative region
1106:United States customary foot
817:. It first appeared during
1278:
1100:In informal use in China,
997:was essentially the same.
985:period), the value of the
896:People's Republic of China
861:People's Republic of China
1143:(Hong Kong e-Legislation)
1060:
1039:Usage in Chinese language
737:
623:
539:
453:
396:
383:
342:
335:
321:
268:
245:
206:
199:
185:
62:
37:
801:traditional Chinese unit
611:1 chek (hong kong)
593:traditional Chinese unit
420:traditional Chinese unit
1208:Acta Astronomica Sinica
1180:Ssu-Ma, Ch'ien (2008),
957:metre (11.93 in).
706:traditional Taiwan unit
554:. One can see that the
310:Alternative Korean name
785: ~11.930 in
770:imperial/US units
653:imperial/US units
259:
1239:. Potter. p. 22.
1110:British imperial foot
965:The study of ancient
762: ~303.0 mm
645: ~371.5 mm
725:1 chi (taiwan)
523: ~13.123
353:Revised Romanization
279:Revised Romanization
1220:1987AcASn..28..397L
1085:traditional Chinese
938:is the same as the
732:... is equal to ...
618:... is equal to ...
583:General information
494: ~333.3
448:... is equal to ...
441:1 chi (china)
409:General information
1077:simplified Chinese
993:era, the value of
898:, since 1984, the
774:
768:
749:
745:metric (SI) units
743:
657:
651:
635:
629:
516:
503:
472:
459:
1193:978-0-253-34028-3
1095:
961:Historical values
829:cultures such as
795:(Tongyong Pinyin
789:
788:
720:Conversions
690:
689:
631:metric (SI) units
606:Conversions
530:
529:
436:Conversions
387:
386:
379:
378:
367:McCune–Reischauer
305:
304:
293:McCune–Reischauer
262:
229:
228:
169:
168:
143:Yale Romanization
73:Standard Mandarin
16:(Redirected from
1269:
1241:
1240:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1203:
1197:
1196:
1177:
1171:
1170:
1150:
1144:
1138:
1132:
1126:
1096:
1093:
1090:
1082:
1062:
956:
955:
951:
915:
914:
910:
907:
812:
782:
781:
775:
769:
759:
758:
754:
750:
744:
692:
685:
683:
682:
679:
676:
672:
664:
663:
658:
652:
643:
641:
636:
630:
576:
574:
573:
570:
567:
563:
544:
535:Chek (Hong Kong)
532:
517:
504:
488:
486:
485:
482:
479:
473:
460:
401:
389:
375:
374:
361:
360:
344:
338:
337:
324:
323:
301:
300:
287:
286:
270:
264:
260:
248:
247:
225:
224:
208:
202:
201:
188:
187:
165:
164:
151:
150:
130:
129:
116:
115:
102:
101:
88:
87:
64:
58:
57:
30:
21:
1277:
1276:
1272:
1271:
1270:
1268:
1267:
1266:
1262:Units of length
1252:
1251:
1250:
1245:
1244:
1232:
1231:
1227:
1205:
1204:
1200:
1194:
1179:
1178:
1174:
1167:
1152:
1151:
1147:
1139:
1135:
1127:
1123:
1118:
1041:
1027:, however, the
963:
953:
949:
948:
912:
908:
905:
903:
892:
808:
784:
779:
777:
773:
767:
761:
756:
752:
751:
748:
742:
680:
677:
674:
673:
670:
668:
666:
661:
659:
656:
650:
644:
639:
637:
634:
628:
578:
571:
568:
565:
564:
561:
559:
522:
515:
502:
493:
483:
480:
477:
476:
474:
471:
458:
404:
217:Revised Hepburn
122:Tongyong Pinyin
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
1275:
1273:
1265:
1264:
1254:
1253:
1249:
1248:External links
1246:
1243:
1242:
1225:
1198:
1192:
1172:
1165:
1145:
1133:
1120:
1119:
1117:
1114:
1073:dé cùn jìn chǐ
1040:
1037:
991:Warring States
983:Three Kingdoms
962:
959:
891:
888:
787:
786:
771:
764:
763:
746:
739:
738:
735:
734:
729:
722:
721:
717:
716:
713:
709:
708:
703:
697:
696:
688:
687:
654:
647:
646:
632:
625:
624:
621:
620:
615:
608:
607:
603:
602:
599:
595:
594:
591:
585:
584:
580:
579:
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537:
536:
528:
527:
513:
499:
498:
469:
455:
454:
451:
450:
445:
438:
437:
433:
432:
427:
423:
422:
417:
411:
410:
406:
405:
402:
394:
393:
385:
384:
381:
380:
377:
376:
369:
363:
362:
355:
349:
348:
347:Transcriptions
340:
339:
332:
326:
325:
318:
312:
311:
307:
306:
303:
302:
295:
289:
288:
281:
275:
274:
273:Transcriptions
266:
265:
256:
250:
249:
242:
236:
235:
231:
230:
227:
226:
219:
213:
212:
211:Transcriptions
204:
203:
196:
190:
189:
182:
176:
175:
171:
170:
167:
166:
159:
153:
152:
145:
139:
138:
136:Yue: Cantonese
132:
131:
124:
118:
117:
110:
104:
103:
96:
90:
89:
82:
76:
75:
69:
68:
67:Transcriptions
60:
59:
50:
44:
43:
39:
38:
35:
34:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
1274:
1263:
1260:
1259:
1257:
1247:
1238:
1237:
1229:
1226:
1221:
1217:
1213:
1209:
1202:
1199:
1195:
1189:
1185:
1184:
1176:
1173:
1168:
1166:0-19-853936-3
1162:
1158:
1157:
1149:
1146:
1142:
1137:
1134:
1130:
1129:Shuowen Jiezi
1125:
1122:
1115:
1113:
1111:
1107:
1103:
1098:
1086:
1078:
1074:
1070:
1066:
1058:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1038:
1036:
1034:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1009:
1007:
1003:
998:
996:
992:
988:
984:
980:
976:
972:
968:
960:
958:
946:
945:
941:
937:
933:
929:
927:
923:
919:
918:Hong Kong SAR
901:
897:
890:Modern values
889:
887:
885:
881:
876:
874:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
846:
842:
838:
837:
832:
828:
824:
823:Shang dynasty
820:
816:
811:
806:
802:
798:
794:
772:
765:
747:
740:
736:
733:
730:
728:
724:
718:
714:
710:
707:
704:
702:
698:
693:
655:
648:
633:
626:
622:
619:
616:
614:
610:
604:
600:
596:
592:
590:
586:
581:
557:
553:
549:
543:
538:
533:
526:
521:
518:~1.0936
514:
511:
507:
500:
497:
492:
470:
467:
463:
456:
452:
449:
446:
444:
440:
434:
431:
428:
424:
421:
418:
416:
412:
407:
400:
395:
390:
382:
370:
368:
364:
356:
354:
350:
345:
341:
333:
331:
327:
319:
317:
313:
308:
296:
294:
290:
282:
280:
276:
271:
267:
263:
257:
255:
251:
243:
241:
237:
232:
220:
218:
214:
209:
205:
197:
195:
191:
183:
181:
177:
174:Japanese name
172:
160:
158:
154:
146:
144:
140:
137:
133:
125:
123:
119:
111:
109:
105:
97:
95:
91:
83:
81:
77:
74:
70:
65:
61:
56:
51:
49:
45:
40:
36:
31:
19:
1235:
1228:
1211:
1207:
1201:
1182:
1175:
1155:
1148:
1136:
1124:
1101:
1099:
1068:
1064:
1052:
1048:
1047:(along with
1044:
1042:
1032:
1028:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1010:
1001:
999:
994:
986:
970:
964:
942:
935:
930:
921:
899:
893:
877:
852:
844:
834:
810:Chinese foot
809:
796:
792:
790:
731:
726:
712:Unit of
695:Chi (Taiwan)
617:
612:
598:Unit of
555:
551:
547:
447:
442:
426:Unit of
80:Hanyu Pinyin
42:Chinese name
979:Han dynasty
975:Qin dynasty
922:tsek (cek3)
701:Unit system
589:Unit system
512: units
415:Unit system
392:Chi (China)
234:Korean name
1214:(4): 402.
1116:References
827:East Asian
108:Wade–Giles
1025:Guangzhou
932:In Taiwan
926:Cantonese
869:Hong Kong
669:14
560:14
18:Ja (unit)
1256:Category
947:, i.e.,
940:Japanese
857:mainland
845:ja/cheok
783: ft
686: in
665: ft
506:imperial
468:) units
157:Jyutping
94:Bopomofo
1216:Bibcode
1057:Chinese
1053:chi cun
981:to the
952:⁄
911:⁄
894:In the
859:of the
849:Vietnam
847:), and
799:) is a
760: m
755:⁄
684:
667:
642: m
575:
487:
475:
48:Chinese
1190:
1163:
1087::
1079::
1059::
1006:degree
967:rulers
873:Taiwan
871:, and
863:, its
805:length
727:in ...
715:length
613:in ...
601:length
489:
462:metric
443:in ...
430:length
316:Hangul
240:Hangul
944:shaku
884:zhàng
853:thước
841:Korea
836:shaku
831:Japan
819:China
778:0.994
660:1.218
638:0.371
550:of a
373:ch'ŏk
359:cheok
330:Hanja
254:Hanja
223:shaku
180:Kanji
114:ch'ih
1188:ISBN
1161:ISBN
1094:lit.
1089:得寸進尺
1081:得寸进尺
1067:and
1033:chek
815:span
797:chih
791:The
194:Kana
163:cek3
149:chek
128:chǐh
1108:or
1102:chi
1075:" (
1069:cun
1065:chi
1049:cun
1045:chi
1029:chi
1021:chi
1017:chi
1013:chi
1002:chi
995:chi
987:chi
977:to
971:chi
936:chi
924:in
900:chi
880:cun
867:of
839:),
821:'s
803:of
793:chi
640:475
556:chi
552:chi
548:cun
299:cha
261:n/a
200:しゃく
86:chǐ
33:Chi
1258::
1212:28
1210:.
1112:.
1091:;
1083:;
1061:尺寸
1008:.
954:33
950:10
934:,
904:33
886:.
875:.
780:19
757:33
753:10
662:75
525:in
520:ft
510:US
496:mm
466:SI
285:ja
100:ㄔˇ
1222:.
1218::
1169:.
1055:(
913:3
909:1
906:+
851:(
843:(
833:(
776:~
681:8
678:/
675:5
671:+
572:8
569:/
566:5
562:+
508:/
491:m
484:3
481:/
478:1
464:(
336:尺
322:척
246:자
186:尺
55:尺
20:)
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