805:, the European political upheavals of his day, and the growing European nationalism and militarism. Events amply fulfilled his prediction of a cataclysmic 20th century, in which violent demagogues (whom he called "terrible simplifiers") would play central roles. In later years, Burckhardt found himself unimpressed by democracy, individualism, socialism, and a great many other ideas fashionable during his lifetime. He also observed over a century ago that "the state incurs debts for politics, war, and other higher causes and 'progress'.... The assumption is that the future will honor this relationship in perpetuity. The state has learned from the merchants and industrialists how to exploit credit; it defies the nation ever to let it go into bankruptcy. Alongside all swindlers the state now stands there as swindler-in-chief."
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801:, which he had studied extensively for the ministry. The Swiss polity in which he spent nearly all of his life was a good deal more democratic and stable than was the norm in 19th-century Europe. As a Swiss, Burckhardt was also cool to German nationalism and to German claims of cultural and intellectual superiority. He was also amply aware of the rapid political and economic changes taking place in the Europe of his day and commented in his lectures and writings on the
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785:"Judgments on History and Historians" is based on Burckhardt's lectures on history at the University of Basel between 1865 and 1885. It provides his insights and interpretation of the events of the entire sweep of Western Civilization from Antiquity to the Age of Revolution, including the Middle Ages, History from 1450 to 1598, the History of the Seventeenth and the Eighteenth Centuries.
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746:" in a clearly defined, academic context. Burckhardt understood Renaissance as drawing together art, philosophy and politics, and made the case that it created "modern man". Burckhardt developed an ambivalent interpretation of modernity and the effects of the Renaissance, praising the movement as introducing new forms of cultural and
837:, that Greek culture was defined by opposing "Apollonian" and "Dionysian" tendencies. Nietzsche and Burckhardt enjoyed each other's intellectual company, even as Burckhardt kept his distance from Nietzsche's evolving philosophy. Their extensive correspondence over a number of years has been published.
687:
In 1838, Burckhardt made his first journey to Italy and published his first important article, "Bemerkungen über schweizerische
Kathedralen" ("Remarks about Swiss Cathedrals"). Burckhardt delivered a series of lectures at the University of Basel, which were published in 1943 by Pantheon Books Inc.,
781:
Burckhardt considered the study of ancient history an intellectual necessity and was a highly respected scholar of Greek civilization. "The Greeks and Greek
Civilization" sums up the relevant lectures, "Griechische Kulturgeschichte", which Burckhardt first gave in 1872 and which he repeated until
856:
In 2018, the
British Academy hosted an international conference on the occasion of Burckhardt's bicentenary. This conference tasked an interdisciplinary team of scholars of Renaissance studies as well as of Burckhardt himself to interrogate both the Swiss historian’s own agenda as well as the
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1929-34 ... 8. Bd. Griechische
Kulturgeschichte, 1. Bd. / herausgegeben von Felix Stähelin -- 9. Bd. ditto, 2. Bd. / hrsg. von Felix Stähelin -- 10. Bd. ditto, 3. Bd. / hrsg. von Felix Stähelin und Samuel Merian -- 11. Bd. ditto, 4. Bd. / hrsg. von Felix Stähelin und Samuel
712:(7th German edition, 1899) ("The Cicerone: or, Art-guide to painting in Italy. For the use of travellers" Translated into English by A. H. Clough in 1873), also dedicated to Kugler. The work, "the finest travel guide that has ever been written" which covered
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into German. Gossman has argued that, "The extensive correspondence between Kaegi and
Huizinga is evidence of the close intellectual and personal relation between Huizinga and the man who felt he had inherited the mantle of Burckhardt."
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Burckhardt's historical writings did much to establish the importance of art in the study of history; indeed, he was one of the "founding fathers of art history" but also one of the original creators of cultural history. Contra
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643:. In 1858, he returned to Basel to assume the professorship he held until his retirement in 1893. He started to teach only art history in 1886. He twice declined offers of professorial chairs at German universities, at the
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581:, he first showed how a period should be treated in its entirety, with regard not only for its painting, sculpture and architecture, but for the social institutions of its daily life as well."
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claims that in stressing the importance of art, literature, and architecture as a primary source for the study of history, Burckhardt (in common with later Dutch cultural historian
660:, who has argued that Burckhardt represents one of the first historians to rise above the narrow 19th-century notion that "history is past politics and politics current history,"
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John Lukacs, Remembered Past: John Lukacs on
History, Historians, and Historical Knowledge, ed. Mark G Malvasi and Jeffrey O. Nelson, Wilmington, DE: ISI Books, 2004, 215.
827:, appointed professor of classical philology at Basel in 1869 at the age of 24, admired Burckhardt and attended some of his lectures. Both men were admirers of the late
848:, devoted his life's work to completing a six-volume intellectual biography of Burckhardt, in addition to translating the work of pioneering Dutch cultural historian
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1885. At the time of his death, he was working on a four-volume survey of Greek civilization, which was published posthumously with additional work by others.
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After his death, a medal was commissioned in his honour in 1898, which was made by the Swiss engraver Hans Frei (1868-1947).
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Aristocratic
Liberalism: The Social and Political Thought of Jacob Burckhardt, John Stuart Mill, and Alexis de Tocqueville
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S. Krmnicek und M. Gaidys, Gelehrtenbilder. Altertumswissenschaftler auf
Medaillen des 19. Jahrhunderts. Begleitband zur
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published by Max Oeri only after the author's death. ... Staehelin ... was able to correct some of Oeri's reading errors
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was the most influential interpretation of the
Italian Renaissance in the 19th century and is still widely read.
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online-Ausstellung im
Digitalen Münzkabinett des Instituts für Klassische Archäologie der Universität Tübingen
559:(25 May 1818 – 8 August 1897) was a Swiss historian of art and culture and an influential figure in the
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Rüsen, Jörn. "Jacob Burckhardt: Political Standpoint and Historical Insight on the Border of Postmodernism,"
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modern men might feel. These claims proved quite controversial, but the scholarly judgements of Burckhardt's
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Judgments on History and Historians (tr. Boston: 1958), p. 171 – cited in "Super Imperialism" by M. Hudson
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founded the historical study of the Renaissance. In contrast to Voigt, who confined his studies to early
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The Letters of Jacob Burckhardt, Translated by Alexander Dru, London: Routledge and Kegan Paul, 1955;
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708:"). He spent the greater part of the years 1853 and 1854 in Italy, collecting material for his 1855
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are sometimes considered to be justified by subsequent research, according to historians including
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described Burckhardt's achievement in the following terms: "The great discoverer of the age of the
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succeeded him at the University of Basel at the age of only 28. In turn, Wölfflin's successor,
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to study history, especially art history, then a new field. At Berlin, he attended lectures by
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In connection with this work Burckhardt may have been the first historian to use the term "
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Polisbild und Demokratieverständnis in Jacob Burckhardts "Griechischer Kulturgeschichte".
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727:. This was followed by the two books for which Burckhardt is best known today, his 1860
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There is a tension in Burckhardt's persona between the wise and worldly student of the
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1341:. McGill-Queen's Studies in the History of Ideas. McGill-Queen's University Press.
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The Myth of Disenchantment: Magic, Modernity, and the Birth of the Human Sciences
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Mommsen, Wolfgang. "Jacob Burckhardt- Defender of Culture and Prophet of Doom,"
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Grosse, Jurgen, 1999, "Reading History: On Jacob Burckhardt as Source-Reader,"
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1216:"Burckhardt at 200: The Civilization of the Italian Renaissance reconsidered"
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720:, and painting, became an indispensable guide to the art traveller in Italy.
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The Cicerone: or, Art-guide to Painting in Italy. For the Use of Travellers
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contemporary validity and helpfulness of the label ‘Italian Renaissance’.
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1280:. Vol. 4 (11th ed.). Cambridge University Press. p. 809.
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692:. In 1847, he brought out new editions of Kugler's two great works,
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Force and Freedom: An Interpretation of History by Jacob Burckhardt
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History: Politics or Culture? Reflections on Ranke and Burckhardt
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About half of the original edition was devoted to the art of the
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Der Cicerone: Eine Anleitung zum Genuss der Kunstwerke Italiens
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in 1867 and Ranke's chair at the University of Berlin in 1872.
831:. Nietzsche believed Burckhardt agreed with the thesis of his
1308:
Basel in the Age of Burckhardt: A Study in Unseasonable Ideas
1289:. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press. p. 109.
778:, Burckhardt dealt with all aspects of Renaissance society.
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Members of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities
893:. The Middlemore translation of the 1860 German original (
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1327:
Gossman, Lionel. "Jacob Burckhardt: Cold War Liberal?"
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Burckhardt finished his degree in 1839 and went to the
569:(1860). He is known as one of the major progenitors of
1097:. Chicago: University of Chicago Press. p. 91.
917:, Oswyn Murray, ed. New York: St Martin's Griffin.
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750:but also worrying about the potential feelings of
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372:Christian Democratic People's Party of Switzerland
1399:Jacob Burckhardt's Social and Political Thought
1180:Burckhardt: Judgments on history and historians
1640:People associated with the University of Basel
995:Jakob Burckhardt Renaissance Cultural History
735:("The History of the Renaissance in Italy").
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1339:Jacob Burckhardt and the Crisis of Modernity
890:The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy
737:The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy
566:The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy
467:The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy
377:Conservative Democratic Party of Switzerland
109:The Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy
1119:"Jacob Burckhardt - Greek cultural history"
1552:Newspaper clippings about Jacob Burckhardt
700:, and in 1853, he published his own work,
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530:
397:Party of Farmers, Traders and Independents
179:
31:
962:Force and freedom: Reflections on History
382:Evangelical People's Party of Switzerland
987:
628:, to whom he dedicated his first book,
563:of both fields. His best known work is
387:Federal Democratic Union of Switzerland
191:
1353:Religion and the Rise of Historicism:
770:. Burckhardt and the German historian
895:Die Cultur der Renaissance in Italien
860:Burckhardt was featured on the Swiss
733:Geschichte der Renaissance in Italien
729:Die Cultur der Renaissance in Italien
680:as an interpretation of history; and
114:Die Cultur der Renaissance in Italien
7:
1039:
1037:
934:Judgements on History and Historians
630:Die Kunstwerke der belgischen Städte
1310:. The University of Chicago Press.
1262:Coolidge, William Augustus Brevoort
624:, studying under the art historian
1484:Works by or about Jacob Burckhardt
1322:Journal of the History of Ideas 60
1199:http://hdl.handle.net/10900/100742
797:and the cautious product of Swiss
601:; however, under the influence of
593:clergyman, Burckhardt was born in
14:
915:The Greeks and Greek Civilization
676:, which was popular at the time;
603:Wilhelm Martin Leberecht de Wette
481:Far-right politics in Switzerland
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958:Weltgeschichtliche Betrachtungen
702:Die Zeit Constantins des Grossen
511:
499:
201:
42:
1091:Josephson-Storm, Jason (2017).
939:The Letters of Jacob Burckhardt
639:from 1843 to 1855, then at the
557:Carl Jacob Christoph Burckhardt
1359:, Cambridge University Press.
1148:Jacob Burckhardt-Gesamtausgabe
964:, shortened title from 1979).
1:
1625:Historians of the Renaissance
1600:19th-century Swiss historians
1387:(1983) 18#4 pp. 458–475.
1351:Howard, Thomas Albert, 1999.
1331:(2002) 74#3 pp. 538–572
1585:Academic staff of ETH Zurich
1474:Resources in other libraries
1450:Resources in other libraries
1411:Trog, Hans, 1898. "Life" in
1394:(1985) 24#3 pp. 235–246
1007:Space, Time and Architecture
927:Griechische Kulturgeschichte
884:Translation by A. H. Clough.
392:Freedom Party of Switzerland
1556:20th Century Press Archives
1522:(public domain audiobooks)
1373:. Oxford University Press.
817:Medal Jakob Burckhardt 1898
766:and art historians such as
194:Conservatism in Switzerland
16:Swiss historian (1818–1897)
1656:
1401:. Univ. of Toronto Press.
1397:Sigurdson, Richard, 2004.
960:; originally published as
760:History of the Renaissance
641:Federal Polytechnic School
153:Federal Polytechnic School
18:
1630:19th-century male writers
1620:University of Bonn alumni
1516:Works by Jacob Burckhardt
1504:Works by Jacob Burckhardt
1493:Works by Jacob Burckhardt
1469:Resources in your library
1445:Resources in your library
1385:Government and Opposition
1329:Journal of Modern History
1267:"Burckhardt, Jakob"
635:Burckhardt taught at the
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120:
41:
183:This article is part of
19:Not to be confused with
1595:People from Basel-Stadt
1285:Gilbert, Felix (1990).
1277:Encyclopædia Britannica
862:thousand franc banknote
506:Conservatism portal
486:Politics of Switzerland
129:19th-century philosophy
25:Johann Jakob Burckhardt
1369:Kahan, Alan S., 1992.
1337:Hinde, John R., 2000.
1166:– via WorldCat.
954:Reflections on History
818:
694:Geschichte der Malerei
645:University of Tübingen
518:Switzerland portal
476:Culture of Switzerland
1545:at Arthistoricum.net
1022:, 2001, xxviii-xxxii.
840:Burckhardt's student
816:
803:Industrial Revolution
706:Constantine the Great
21:Carl Jacob Burckhardt
1610:Swiss art historians
1508:Projekt Gutenberg-DE
1413:Basler Jahrbuch 1898
1051:. 8 September 1996.
902:. Penguin Classics.
873:English translations
834:The Birth of Tragedy
626:Franz Theodor Kugler
614:University of Berlin
448:Neue Zürcher Zeitung
402:Swiss People's Party
1615:Cultural historians
1458:By Jacob Burckhardt
1220:The British Academy
829:Arthur Schopenhauer
825:Friedrich Nietzsche
795:Italian Renaissance
637:University of Basel
228:Economic liberalism
149:University of Basel
1605:Swiss male writers
1392:History and Theory
1049:The New York Times
956:. (translation of
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622:University of Bonn
243:Limited government
139:Western philosophy
96:University of Bonn
86:Basel, Switzerland
1590:Burckhardt family
1497:Project Gutenberg
1426:Library resources
1256:978-3-7965-1674-0
1104:978-0-226-40336-6
1045:"Before Huizinga"
1020:Liberty Fund Inc.
842:Heinrich Wölfflin
748:religious freedom
618:Leopold von Ranke
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48:Burkhardt in 1892
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1575:1818 births
1547:(in German)
1538:(in German)
1511:(in German)
899:new edition
772:Georg Voigt
725:Renaissance
674:Hegelianism
658:John Lukacs
599:holy orders
579:Renaissance
323:Politicians
218:Agrarianism
64:25 May 1818
1569:Categories
1407:0802047807
1379:0195070194
1162:11 October
1128:11 October
977:References
752:alienation
682:positivism
607:Burckhardt
591:Protestant
306:von Haller
233:Federalism
223:Capitalism
212:Principles
60:1818-05-25
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1057:0362-4331
799:Calvinism
744:modernity
714:sculpture
678:economism
1535:Zeno.org
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1333:in JSTOR
1306:, 2000.
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789:Politics
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253:Populism
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1558:of the
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311:Mohler
301:Gasser
135:Region
1270:. In
1062:1 May
982:Notes
868:Works
595:Basel
437:Media
339:Gnägi
68:Basel
1403:ISBN
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