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710:, which was his first significant scientific publication. He had conducted experimentation, in preparation for writing this textbook, on the compositions of inorganic compounds, which was his earliest work on definite proportions. In 1813–4, he submitted a lengthy essay (published in five separate articles) on the proportions of elements in compounds. The essay commenced with a general description, introduced his new symbolism, and examined all the known elements. The essay ended with a table of the "specific weights" (relative atomic masses) of the elements, where
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355:. In particular, he is noted for his determination of atomic weights and his experiments that led to a more complete understanding of the principles of stoichiometry, which is the branch of chemistry pertaining to the quantitative relationships between elements in chemical compounds and chemical reactions and that these occur in definite proportions. This understanding came to be known as the
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1991:"Essay on the Cause of Chemical Proportions, and on some Circumstances relating to them: together with a short and easy Method of expressing them. III. On the Chemical Signs, and the Method of Employing them to Express Chemical Proportions. IV. Weight of elementary Volumes compared with that of Oxygen Gas (Comparative Table of the Specific Weights of Elementary Bodies.)"
1033:. This showed that an organic compound such as urea could be prepared synthetically and not exclusively by living organisms. Berzelius corresponded with Wöhler on the urea synthesis findings. However, the notion of vitalism continued to persist, until further work on abiotic synthesis of organic compounds provided substantial evidence against vitalism.
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454:, and his mother Elizabeth Dorothea Sjösteen was a homemaker. His parents were both from families of church pastors. Berzelius lost both his parents at an early age. His father died in 1779, after which his mother married a pastor named Anders Eckmarck, who gave Berzelius a basic education including knowledge of the
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1922:"Essay on the Cause of Chemical Proportions, and on some Circumstances relating to them: together with a short and easy Method of expressing them. III. On the Chemical Signs, and the Method of Employing them to Express Chemical Proportions. IV. Weight of elementary Volumes compared with that of Oxygen Gas"
1899:"Essay on the Cause of Chemical Proportions, and on some Circumstances relating to them: together with a short and easy Method of expressing them. III. On the Chemical Signs, and the Method of Employing them to Express Chemical Proportions. IV. Weight of elementary Volumes compared with that of Oxygen Gas"
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In 1898, the
Swedish Academy of Sciences opened the Berzelius Museum in honor of Berzelius. The holdings of the museum included many items from his laboratory. The museum was opened on the occasion of fiftieth anniversary of Berzelius's death. Invitees at the ceremony marking the occasion included
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Humphry Davy in 1810 proposed that chlorine is an element. Berzelius rejected this claim because of his belief that all acids were based on oxygen. Since chlorine forms a strong acid (muriatic acid, modern HCl), chlorine must contain oxygen and thus cannot be an element. However, in 1812,
1876:"Essay on the Cause of Chemical Proportions, and on some Circumstances relating to them: together with a short and easy Method of expressing them. I. On the Relation between Berthollet's Theory of Affinities and the Laws of Chemical Proportions. II. On the Cause of Chemical Proportions"
1851:"Essay on the Cause of Chemical Proportions, and on some Circumstances relating to them: together with a short and easy Method of expressing them. I. On the Relation between Berthollet's Theory of Affinities and the Laws of Chemical Proportions. II. On the Cause of Chemical Proportions"
485:, taught him chemistry during this time. He worked as an apprentice in a pharmacy, during which time he also learned practical matters in the laboratory such as glassblowing. On his own during his studies, he successfully repeated the experimentation conducted by Swedish chemist
1968:"Essay on the Cause of Chemical Proportions, and on some Circumstances relating to them: together with a short and easy Method of expressing them. IV. Weight of elementary Volumes compared with that of Oxygen Gas (Comparative Table of the Specific Weights of Elementary Bodies.)"
1945:"Essay on the Cause of Chemical Proportions, and on some Circumstances relating to them: together with a short and easy Method of expressing them. IV. Weight of elementary Volumes compared with that of Oxygen Gas (Comparative Table of the Specific Weights of Elementary Bodies.)"
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demonstrated that prussic acid (hydrogen cyanide) contains only hydrogen, carbon, and nitrogen, and no oxygen. These findings persuaded
Berzelius that not all acids contain oxygen, and that Davy and Gay-Lussac were correct: chlorine and iodine are indeed elements.
505:, the first device that could provide a constant electric current (i.e., the first battery). He constructed a similar battery for himself, consisting of alternating disks of copper and zinc, and this was his initial work in the field of electrochemistry.
366:, expecting that any new theory must be consistent with the sum of contemporary chemical knowledge. He developed improved methods of chemical analysis, which were required to develop the basic data in support of his work on stoichiometry. He investigated
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in 1808 and served from 1818 as its principal functionary. He is known in Sweden as the "Father of
Swedish Chemistry". During his lifetime he did not customarily use his first given name, and was universally known simply as Jacob Berzelius.
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with potassium. It produced potassium silicide which he then stirred with water to produce relatively pure silicon powder. Berzelius recognized this powder as the new element of silicon, which he called silicium, a name proposed earlier by
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scientific dignitaries from eleven
European nations and the United States, many of whom gave formal addresses in honor of Berzelius. The Berzelius Museum was later moved to the observatory that is part of the Swedish Academy of Sciences.
747:—with their proportions in the chemical compound denoted by numbers. Berzelius thus invented the system of chemical notation still used today, the main difference being that instead of the subscript numbers used today (e.g., H
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on several diseases. This line of experimentation produced no clear-cut evidence for such influence. Berzelius graduated as a medical doctor in 1802. He worked as a physician near
Stockholm until the chemist and mine-owner
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in 1836 with the citation "For his systematic application of the doctrine of definite proportions to the analysis of mineral bodies, as contained in his
Nouveau Systeme de Mineralogie, and in other of his works."
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In order to aid his experiments, he developed a system of chemical notation in which the elements composing any particular chemical compound were given simple written labels—such as O for oxygen, or Fe for
664:, said to be due to the stress of his work. The medical advice he received was to travel and take vacation. However, during this time, Berzelius traveled to France to work in the chemical laboratories of
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892:," although his original definitions in some cases differ significantly from modern usage. As an example, he coined the term "polymer" in 1833 to describe organic compounds which shared identical
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315:(20 August 1779 – 7 August 1848) was a Swedish chemist. In general, he is considered the last person to know the whole field of chemistry. Berzelius is considered, along with
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that showed the composition of any compound both qualitatively and quantitatively. His system abbreviated the Latin names of the elements with one or two letters and applied
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Tabell, som utvisar vigten af större delen vid den oorganiska
Kemiens studium märkvärdiga enkla och sammansatta kroppars atomer, jemte deras sammansättning, räknad i procent
1009:. Vitalism had first been proposed by prior researchers, although Berzelius contended that compounds could be distinguished by whether they required any organisms in their
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1167:, among others. Berzelius also visited Davy's laboratory. After his visit to Davy's laboratory, Berzelius remarked, "A tidy laboratory is a sign of a lazy chemist."
2844:. 2 parts in 5 vol. Stockholm: Kungl. Svenska Vetenskapsakademien, 1933–67. 1. del och suppl. 1–2. Tryckta arbeten av och om Berzelius. 2. del och suppl. Manuskript
1375:. Comprehensive structural integrity / editors in chief: Ferri M.H. Aliabadi, Winston Soboyejo (Second ed.). Amsterdam Boston Heidelberg: Elsevier. p. 1.
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that elements are built up from atoms of hydrogen. Berzelius's last revised version of his atomic weight tables was first published in a German translation of his
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2851:; translated from the Swedish manuscript by Barbara Steele. Stockholm: Almqvist & Wiksell, 1966. (Reissued by University of California Press, Berkeley, 1970
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mineral springs. During this time, he conducted an analysis of the water from this source. Additionally as part of his studies, in 1800, Berzelius learned about
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Berzelius was the first person to make the distinction between organic compounds (those containing carbon), and inorganic compounds. In particular, he advised
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to decompose certain chemical compounds into pairs of electrically opposite constituents. From this research, he articulated a theory that came to be known as
968:. The term is derived from the Greek, meaning "of the first rank", and Berzelius proposed the name because proteins were so fundamental to living organisms.
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in Sweden had led to less interest in the sciences. In 1818, Berzelius was elected the
Academy's secretary and held the post until 1848. During Berzelius'
462:. As a teenager, he took a position as a tutor at a farm near his home, during which time he became interested in collecting flowers and insects and their
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but which differed in overall molecular weight, the larger of the compounds being described as "polymers" of the smallest. At this time the concept of
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to designate the number of atoms of each element present in the compound. Later, chemists changed to use of subscripts rather than superscripts.
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458:. Following the death of his mother in 1787, relatives in Linköping took care of him. There he attended the school today known as
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had not yet been developed so that he considered only the numbers of atoms of each element. In this way, he viewed for example
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Berzelius discovered amorphous silicon by repeating an experiment performed by Gay-Lussac and Thénard in which they reacted
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726:. In discovering that atomic weights are not integer multiples of the atomic weight of hydrogen, Berzelius also disproved
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the bicentenary of the founding of the
Swedish Academy of Sciences. In addition to Sweden, Grenada likewise honored him.
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was set to 100, and a selection of compounds written in his new formalism. This work provided evidence in favour of the
552:, he is credited with revitalising the Academy and bringing it into a second golden era (the first being the astronomer
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He died on 7 August 1848 at his home in
Stockholm, where he had lived since 1806. He is buried in the Solna Cemetery.
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2473:. U.S. Department of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, National Institutes of Health. p. 4.
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Figures in an 1818 copy of Berzelius' "Tabell, som utvisar vigten af större delen vid den oorganiska Kemiens studium"
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Thomas, John Meurig (2013). "Sir Humphry Davy: Natural Philosopher, Discoverer, Inventor, Poet, and Man of Action".
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1995:
Annals of Philosophy; or, Magazine of Chemistry, Mineralology, Mechanics, Natural History, Agriculture and the Arts
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Annals of Philosophy; or, Magazine of Chemistry, Mineralology, Mechanics, Natural History, Agriculture and the Arts
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Annals of Philosophy; or, Magazine of Chemistry, Mineralology, Mechanics, Natural History, Agriculture and the Arts
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Annals of Philosophy; or, Magazine of Chemistry, Mineralology, Mechanics, Natural History, Agriculture and the Arts
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Annals of Philosophy; or, Magazine of Chemistry, Mineralology, Mechanics, Natural History, Agriculture and the Arts
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Annals of Philosophy; or, Magazine of Chemistry, Mineralology, Mechanics, Natural History, Agriculture and the Arts
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Annals of Philosophy; or, Magazine of Chemistry, Mineralology, Mechanics, Natural History, Agriculture and the Arts
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In 1835, at the age of 56, he married Elizabeth Poppius, the 24-year-old daughter of a Swedish cabinet minister.
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378:, phenomena that owe their names to him. Berzelius was among the first to articulate the differences between
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with potassium metal which produced very impure silicon. In a variation of this experiment Berzelius heated
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was coined by Berzelius in 1840, although he preferred "bilifulvin" (yellow/red) over "bilirubin" (red).
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itself was coined by Berzelius, in 1838, after Mulder observed that all proteins seemed to have the same
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618:(the Swedish Temperance Society) in 1837 and its first chairman. Berzelius wrote the foreword to one of
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Berzelius stated in 1810 that living things work by some mysterious "vital force", a hypothesis called
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Digital edition of "Aus Jac. Berzelius' und Gustav Magnus' Briefwechsel in den Jahren 1828–1847" 1900
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421:. This theory, while useful in some contexts, came to be seen as insufficient. Berzelius's work with
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Soon after arriving in Stockholm, Berzelius wrote a chemistry textbook for his medical students,
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and came to the erroneous conclusion that they might be composed of a single type of very large
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Through much of his life, Berzelius suffered various medical ailments. These included recurrent
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406:, Berzelius synthesized and chemically characterized new compounds of these and other elements.
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1932:(13, 14, 16, 17): 51–62, 93–106, 244–257, 353–364 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
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to meet with prominent British scientists of the time. These included Humphry Davy, chemist
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722:: that inorganic chemical compounds are composed of atoms of different elements combined in
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2243:"On the mode of obtaining silicium, and on the characters and properties of that substance"
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556:'s period as secretary from 1749 to 1783). He was elected a Foreign Honorary Member of the
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Portrait by Olof Johan Södermark (1790–1848). Print Artist: Charles W. Sharpe, d. 1875(76)
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of the Netherlands, and in 1830 associate member. In 1837, he was elected a member of the
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and his theory of electrochemical dualism led to his development of a modern system of
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Journal of the International Federation of Clinical Chemistry and Laboratory Medicine
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Berzelius was a prolific correspondent with leading scientists of his time, such as
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Hierarchical Macromolecular Structures: 60 Years after the Staudinger Nobel Prize I
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386:. Among the many minerals and elements he studied, he is credited with discovering
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Digital edition of "Das saidschitzer Bitterwasser : chemisch untersucht" 1840
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in Sweden. His father Samuel Berzelius was a school teacher in the nearby city of
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New Beer in an Old Bottle. Eduard Buchner and the Growth of Biochemical Knowledge
1990:
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Jaime Wisniak (2000). "Jöns Jacob Berzelius A Guide to the Perplexed Chemist".
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1422:"Svenska akademien, ledamotsregister (Swedish Akademy, register of members)"
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In 1807, Berzelius was appointed professor in chemistry and pharmacy at the
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1909:(13, 14, 16, 17): 51–62, 93–106, 244–257, 353–364 – via Google Books.
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2743:"Sweden – Circa 1939: stamp printed by Sweden, shows Jons Jakob Berzelius"
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1280:, Katedralskolan, is named for him. In 1890, a fairly prominent street in
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537:, who acted as his assistant and was the first female chemist in Sweden.
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417:, contending that chemical compounds are oxide salts, bonded together by
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2804:(1947). "Zum 100. Todestag von Jöns Jakob Berzelius am 7. August 1948".
2546:
The Quiet Revolution: Hermann Kolbe and the Science of Organic Chemistry
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Centre for History of Science at the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences:
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As thesis research in his medical studies, he examined the influence of
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International Symposium on Chemistry and Physiology of Bile Pigments
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in 1824. Students working in Berzelius's laboratory also discovered
2001:(13, 17): 51–62, 362 – via Giunta, Carmen. Classic Chemistry.
2869:. Vol. 2. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons. pp. 90–97.
1507:"Jons Jacob Berzelius – discoverer of thorium&cerium elements"
1371:
Aliabadi, Mohammad H.; Soboyejo, Wole; Susmel, Luca, eds. (2023).
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Berzelianite included in calcite from the Skrikerum mine in Sweden
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Letters of Jöns Jakob Berzelius and Christian Friedrich Schönbein
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O), even though we now know that glucose is not a polymer of the
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he did not introduce the concept, which was well understood by
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ed. T. I. Williams. London: A. & C. Black, 1969; pp. 55–56
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Members of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
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Rocke, Alan J. (1993). University of California Press (ed.).
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Online correspondence between Berzelius and Sir Humphry Davy
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in 1824, but pure zirconium was not produced until 1925, by
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Members of the Göttingen Academy of Sciences and Humanities
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Orden Pour le Mérite für Wissenschaften und Künste (1975).
1813:(in Swedish). Stockholm: Kungliga biblioteket. p. 92.
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Berzelius is credited with originating the chemical terms "
1373:
Structural integrity assessment: examples and case studies
1140:
In 1812, Berzelius traveled to London, England, including
2693:"Berzelianite: Berzelianite mineral information and data"
1284:
was named Berzeliigatan (Berzelii street) in his honour.
533:. Between 1808 and 1836, Berzelius worked together with
1886:(12): 443–454 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
1804:"Nykterhetsfrågans mediala förutsättningar och karaktär"
629:
works on the topic, of which 50,000 copies were printed.
2863:
Leicester, Henry (1970–1980). "Berzelius, Jöns Jacob".
3545:
2014:
The Oxford Companion to the History of Modern Science
3682:
Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1978:(17): 362 – via Biodiversity Heritage Library.
1081:(in Swedish). Stockholm : H.A. Nordström, 1818.
1573:
Jakob Berzelius: Selbstbiographische Aufzeichnungen
1552:. University of North Texas Department of Chemistry
1543:"Rediscovery of the Elements: Jöns Jacob Berzelius"
1068:(in German). Leipzig: Johann Ambrosius Barth. 1903.
343:, his enduring contributions were in the fields of
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3712:Honorary Fellows of the Royal Society of Edinburgh
3045:Digital edition of "Lehrbuch der Chemie" 1823/1824
802:in 1817. Berzelius also discovered how to isolate
446:Berzelius was born in the parish of Väversunda in
2353:Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society
1045:Berzelius und Liebig: Ihre Briefe von 1831 - 1845
560:in 1822. In 1827, he became correspondent of the
3647:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
2443:"Searching for protein composition and function"
1787:(in Swedish). 1918. pp. 1025ff – via
1759:. Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences
1644:Kyle, Robert A.; Steensma, David P. (May 2018).
1261:, was discovered in 1850 and named after him by
1175:proved that iodine is an element. Then in 1816
614:, and others, he was one of the founders of the
30:"Berzelius" redirects here. For other uses, see
2721:. University of California Press. p. 121.
2620:Almanach royal officiel de Belgique/1841 p. 118
3657:Recipients of the Pour le Mérite (civil class)
2467:Watson, Cecil J. (1977). Berk, Paul D. (ed.).
1646:"Jöns Jacob Berzelius – A Father of Chemistry"
1075:(in Swedish). Stockholm, Nordström, 1808-1830.
3727:Manchester Literary and Philosophical Society
3144:
2381:(2008). "The Origin of the Polymer Concept".
1291:In 1939 his portrait appeared on a series of
8:
2887:; vol. 4. London: Macmillan; pp. 142–77
1598:
1596:
1594:
1592:
1344:. 9 September 2013. Event occurs at 00:42.
759:), Berzelius used superscripts (HO or FeO).
2490:, Universitat de València, pp. 72–73,
1234:In 1840, Berzelius was named Knight of the
975:occurs in muscle tissue, not just in milk.
767:Berzelius is credited with discovering the
3632:Academic staff of the Karolinska Institute
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3137:
3129:
3087:
2569:: CS1 maint: location missing publisher (
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2016:. Oxford University Press. pp. 683–.
1693:"Karolinska Institutet 200 År – 1810–2010"
1541:Marshall, James L.; Marshall, Virginia R.
1513:. World of Chemicals. 2015. Archived from
636:Illustration of Berzelius (published 1903)
49:
38:
3637:Members of the French Academy of Sciences
2527:
2346:
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1449:
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1443:
1441:
1439:
493:. He also worked with a physician in the
339:Although Berzelius began his career as a
258:20 December 1837 – 7 August 1848
2953:(301 items as of access date 2011-12-29)
2639:. Berlin: Gebr. Mann Verlag. p. 6.
2038:"Jöns Jacob Berzelius | Swedish chemist"
1103:The Letters of Jöns Jakob Berzelius and
989:
540:In 1808, he was elected a member of the
3622:People involved with the periodic table
3552:
3067:University and State Library Düsseldorf
3058:University and State Library Düsseldorf
3049:University and State Library Düsseldorf
3008:(27 items as of access date 2011-12-29)
1863:(12): 443–454 – via Google Books.
1737:. American Academy of Arts and Sciences
1732:"Book of Members, 1780–2010: Chapter B"
1639:
1637:
1635:
1633:
1631:
1629:
1627:
1625:
1327:
1215:In 1820 he was elected a member of the
1058:. London: Williams & Norgate. 1900.
2978:Works by or about Jöns Jacob Berzelius
2633:Die Mitglieder des Ordens. 1 1842–1881
2562:
2416:Percec, Virgil; Suter, Ulrich (2014).
2330:Although Bezelius introduced the term
2250:The Philosophical Magazine and Journal
1836:Chamber's Biographical Dictionary 1897
1571:Berzelius, Jöns Jakob (23 June 2016).
1461:. Science History Institute. June 2016
394:, and with being the first to isolate
327:, to be one of the founders of modern
2676:"Handbook of mineralogy Berzelianite"
2584:Biographical Dictionary of Scientists
1536:
1534:
1532:
1348:from the original on 21 December 2021
1192:Statue of Berzelius in the center of
558:American Academy of Arts and Sciences
409:Berzelius demonstrated the use of an
310:
7:
3677:Foreign members of the Royal Society
1480:Melhado, Evan M. (3 November 2023).
1268:In 1852, Stockholm, Sweden, built a
1208:. In 1835, he received the title of
1048:(in German). München: Lehmann. 1893.
778:and with being the first to isolate
521:and provided him with a laboratory.
489:which led to Scheele's discovery of
2484:Cornish-Bawden, Athel, ed. (1997),
1955:(17): 362 – via Google Books.
971:In 1808, Berzelius discovered that
841:Berzelius was the first to isolate
649:and then later on he suffered from
331:. Berzelius became a member of the
2866:Dictionary of Scientific Biography
2849:Jac. Berzelius – his life and work
2175:"Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1779–1848)"
1757:"Jöns Jacob Berzelius (1779–1848)"
1337:KI:s grundare Jöns Jacob Berzelius
1065:Selbstbiographische Aufzeichnungen
1029:, an organic compound, by heating
25:
3612:People from Vadstena Municipality
2719:Jac. Berzelius: His Life and Work
1834:"Berzelius, Johan Jakob, Baron".
1238:. In 1842, he received the honor
542:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
333:Royal Swedish Academy of Sciences
3662:Discoverers of chemical elements
3579:
3567:
3555:
2842:Bibliografi över J. J. Berzelius
1276:, a school situated next to his
312:[jœnsˈjɑ̌ːkɔbbæˈʂěːlɪɵs]
3687:19th-century Swedish scientists
2512:"History of Clinical Chemistry"
1094:Relations with other scientists
517:recognized his abilities as an
402:. Following on his interest in
3667:Recipients of the Copley Medal
3652:Members of the Swedish Academy
3453:Jacques Charles François Sturm
3074:"Berzelius, Johan Jakob"
2241:Berzelius, Jons Jacob (1825).
1779:"Svenska nykterhetssällskapet"
1401:Encyclopædia Britannica Online
1217:American Philosophical Society
469:Berzelius later enrolled as a
1:
3692:19th-century Swedish chemists
3389:Giovanni Antonio Amedeo Plana
2969:Works by Jöns Jakob Berzelius
2383:Journal of Chemical Education
2222:. City University of New York
1135:Christian Friedrich Schönbein
1105:Christian Friedrich Schönbein
944:of organic compounds such as
932:Biology and organic chemistry
357:"Law of Constant Proportions"
3732:Swedish temperance activists
3038:The Periodic Table of Videos
2941:Resources in other libraries
2917:Resources in other libraries
1663:10.1016/j.mayocp.2017.07.020
1293:postage stamps commemorating
616:Svenska nykterhetssällskapet
576:Berzelius was active in the
2717:Jorpes, Johan Erik (1970).
2549:. Berkeley. pp. 239–.
1272:, both to honor Berzelius.
1017:) or whether they did not (
691:Law of definite proportions
27:Swedish chemist (1779–1848)
3758:
2951:List of works by Berzelius
2311:Royal Society of Chemistry
2154:Royal Society of Chemistry
2129:Royal Society of Chemistry
2104:Royal Society of Chemistry
2079:Royal Society of Chemistry
1989:Berzelius, Jacob (1814e).
1966:Berzelius, Jacob (1814d).
1943:Berzelius, Jacob (1814c).
1920:Berzelius, Jacob (1814b).
1897:Berzelius, Jacob (1814a).
653:. He also had episodes of
419:electrostatic interactions
216:James Finlay Weir Johnston
32:Berzelius (disambiguation)
29:
3627:Uppsala University alumni
3167:
3117:
3103:
3095:
3090:
2936:Resources in your library
2912:Resources in your library
2883:Partington, J. R. (1964)
2264:– via Google Books.
2262:10.1080/14786442508628433
2012:John L. Heilbron (2003).
1874:Berzelius, Jacob (1813).
1849:Berzelius, Jacob (1813).
1000:Lärbok i organiska kemien
660:In 1818, Berzelius had a
427:chemical formula notation
294:
290:
286:
251:
237:
233:
229:
172:
48:
3034:University of Nottingham
3015:(1905), band 3, s. 90–96
2420:. Springer. p. 66.
1802:Lundell, Patrik (2010).
1300:Berzelius secret society
1115:Gerardus Johannes Mulder
938:Gerardus Johannes Mulder
831:potassium fluorosilicate
593:August von Hartmansdorff
442:Early life and education
3417:Antoine César Becquerel
3245:Benjamin Collins Brodie
3080:The American Cyclopædia
3006:(in French and Swedish)
2994:(in English and French)
2925:By Jöns Jacob Berzelius
2847:Jorpes, J. Erik (1966)
2042:Encyclopedia Britannica
1811:1800-talets mediesystem
1718:, accessed 23 May 2009
1650:Mayo Clinic Proceedings
1486:Encyclopedia Britannica
1306:is named in his honor.
1242:for Sciences and Arts.
1224:Royal Society of London
1177:Joseph-Louis Gay-Lussac
1119:Claude Louis Berthollet
794:. Berzelius discovered
666:Claude Louis Berthollet
415:electrochemical dualism
362:Berzelius was a strict
3181:William Hyde Wollaston
2840:Holmberg, Arne (1933)
2510:Wilkinson, I. (2002).
2447:bioinformaticshome.com
2216:"Jons Jacob Berzelius"
1714:19 August 2007 at the
1482:"Jöns Jacob Berzelius"
1455:"Jöns Jakob Berzelius"
1397:"Jöns Jacob Berzelius"
1270:public park and statue
1250:
1200:In 1818 Berzelius was
1197:
1184:Honors and recognition
1110:
1090:
1025:accidentally obtained
1002:
869:
847:Anton Eduard van Arkel
703:
682:
637:
554:Pehr Wilhelm Wargentin
3722:Rare earth scientists
3421:John Frederic Daniell
3293:Hans Christian Ørsted
3253:William Thomas Brande
2786:10.1007/s00897000430a
2774:The Chemical Educator
2338:a generation earlier.
1248:
1191:
1101:
1088:
1021:). However, in 1828,
993:
864:
827:silicon tetrafluoride
763:Discovery of elements
732:Textbook of Chemistry
698:
680:
635:
568:, on chair number 5.
479:Anders Gustaf Ekeberg
477:, from 1796 to 1801.
3742:Solid state chemists
3533:Peter Andreas Hansen
3429:Carl Friedrich Gauss
3405:Jöns Jacob Berzelius
3381:Siméon Denis Poisson
3213:Thomas Andrew Knight
3029:Jöns Jacob Berzelius
2903:Jöns Jacob Berzelius
2885:History of Chemistry
2601:search.amphilsoc.org
2597:"APS Member History"
2064:, Vol III, pp 51–52.
1608:famousscientists.org
1511:worldofchemicals.com
1342:Karolinska Institute
1131:Eilhard Mitscherlich
724:whole number amounts
531:Karolinska Institute
487:Carl William Scheele
481:, the discoverer of
411:electrochemical cell
304:Jöns Jacob Berzelius
194:Karolinska Institute
62:Jöns Jacob Berzelius
3477:Jean-Baptiste Dumas
3397:William Snow Harris
3369:George Biddell Airy
3121:Johan Erik Rydqvist
3099:Carl von Rosenstein
2818:1947NW.....34..321W
2806:Naturwissenschaften
2395:2008JChEd..85..624J
2287:on 30 December 2019
2191:1948Natur.162R.210.
2185:(4110): 210. 1948.
1610:. Famous Scientists
1575:. Forgotten Books.
1517:on 22 December 2019
1226:gave Berzelius the
1150:physician-scientist
1019:inorganic compounds
851:Jan Hendrik de Boer
578:temperance movement
572:Temperance movement
380:inorganic compounds
281:Johan Erik Rydqvist
269:Carl von Rosenstein
3525:Roderick Murchison
3013:Nordisk familjebok
2826:10.1007/BF00644137
2379:Jensen, William B.
1784:Nordisk familjebok
1695:. 20 October 2010.
1459:sciencehistory.org
1251:
1198:
1111:
1091:
1003:
942:elemental analyses
916:) as a polymer of
898:chemical structure
894:empirical formulas
870:
857:New chemical terms
728:Prout's hypothesis
704:
683:
647:migraine headaches
638:
620:Carl af Ekenstam's
582:Bengt Franc-Sparre
519:analytical chemist
475:Uppsala University
122:Uppsala University
3543:
3542:
3501:Urbain Le Verrier
3449:Justus von Liebig
3160:Copley Medallists
3127:
3126:
3118:Succeeded by
3091:Cultural offices
3024:Poliakoff, Martyn
2973:Project Gutenberg
2898:Library resources
2876:978-0-684-10114-9
2728:978-0-520-01628-6
2556:978-0-520-08110-9
2497:978-84-370-3328-0
2441:Tammi, Martti T.
2427:978-3-319-01137-0
2403:10.1021/ed085p624
2336:Elizabeth Fulhame
2220:brooklyn.cuny.edu
2023:978-0-19-974376-6
1708:KVA och Berzelius
1604:"Jacob Berzelius"
1582:978-1-332-58610-3
1382:978-0-12-823144-9
1263:James Dwight Dana
1146:William Wollaston
1015:organic compounds
962:empirical formula
865:Volumes I-III of
769:chemical elements
738:Chemical notation
662:nervous breakdown
384:organic compounds
325:Antoine Lavoisier
298:
297:
212:Doctoral students
174:Scientific career
136:Chemical notation
16:(Redirected from
3749:
3672:Swedish nobility
3617:Swedish chemists
3584:
3583:
3572:
3571:
3570:
3560:
3559:
3558:
3551:
3536:
3528:
3520:
3517:John Couch Adams
3512:
3504:
3496:
3488:
3480:
3472:
3469:James MacCullagh
3464:
3456:
3444:
3436:
3424:
3412:
3400:
3392:
3384:
3372:
3364:
3352:
3344:
3332:
3324:
3316:
3313:William Buckland
3308:
3296:
3288:
3280:
3272:
3264:
3256:
3248:
3240:
3237:Edward Troughton
3232:
3224:
3216:
3208:
3200:
3197:Smithson Tennant
3192:
3189:Richard Chenevix
3184:
3176:
3153:
3146:
3139:
3130:
3096:Preceded by
3088:
3084:
3076:
3041:
3019:
3007:
2995:
2982:Internet Archive
2965:
2961:Project Runeberg
2880:
2837:
2797:
2759:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2739:
2733:
2732:
2714:
2708:
2707:
2705:
2703:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2680:
2672:
2666:
2665:
2663:
2661:
2655:
2649:. Archived from
2638:
2627:
2621:
2618:
2612:
2611:
2609:
2607:
2593:
2587:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2568:
2560:
2540:
2534:
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2507:
2501:
2500:
2481:
2475:
2474:
2464:
2458:
2457:
2455:
2453:
2438:
2432:
2431:
2413:
2407:
2406:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2348:
2339:
2328:
2322:
2321:
2319:
2317:
2303:
2297:
2296:
2294:
2292:
2283:. Archived from
2272:
2266:
2265:
2247:
2238:
2232:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2211:
2205:
2204:
2202:
2200:10.1038/162210b0
2171:
2165:
2164:
2162:
2160:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2137:
2135:
2121:
2115:
2114:
2112:
2110:
2096:
2090:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2071:
2065:
2059:
2053:
2052:
2050:
2048:
2034:
2028:
2027:
2009:
2003:
2002:
1986:
1980:
1979:
1963:
1957:
1956:
1940:
1934:
1933:
1917:
1911:
1910:
1894:
1888:
1887:
1871:
1865:
1864:
1846:
1840:
1839:
1831:
1825:
1824:
1808:
1799:
1793:
1792:
1789:Project Runeberg
1775:
1769:
1768:
1766:
1764:
1753:
1747:
1746:
1744:
1742:
1736:
1728:
1722:
1721:
1703:
1697:
1696:
1689:
1683:
1682:
1680:
1678:
1665:
1641:
1620:
1619:
1617:
1615:
1600:
1587:
1586:
1568:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1557:
1547:
1538:
1527:
1526:
1524:
1522:
1503:
1497:
1496:
1494:
1492:
1477:
1471:
1470:
1468:
1466:
1451:
1434:
1433:
1431:
1429:
1418:
1412:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1393:
1387:
1386:
1368:
1362:
1361:
1355:
1353:
1332:
1316:Berzelius beaker
1236:Order of Leopold
1173:Bernard Courtois
1161:Smithson Tennant
1157:William Herschel
1127:Friedrich Wöhler
1069:
1059:
1049:
1031:ammonium cyanate
1023:Friedrich Wöhler
628:
601:
590:
515:Wilhelm Hisinger
510:galvanic current
499:Alessandro Volta
349:chemical bonding
345:electrochemistry
314:
309:
277:
265:
256:
224:Friedrich Wöhler
201:Doctoral advisor
94:
71:
69:
53:
39:
21:
3757:
3756:
3752:
3751:
3750:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3578:
3568:
3566:
3556:
3554:
3546:
3544:
3539:
3531:
3523:
3515:
3507:
3499:
3493:Theodor Schwann
3491:
3485:Carlo Matteucci
3483:
3475:
3467:
3459:
3447:
3439:
3433:Michael Faraday
3427:
3415:
3409:Francis Kiernan
3403:
3395:
3387:
3377:Michael Faraday
3375:
3367:
3355:
3347:
3335:
3327:
3319:
3311:
3299:
3291:
3285:Robert Seppings
3283:
3275:
3267:
3259:
3251:
3243:
3235:
3227:
3219:
3211:
3203:
3195:
3187:
3179:
3171:
3163:
3157:
3123:
3114:
3109:
3106:Swedish Academy
3101:
3071:
3022:
3017:
3005:
2993:
2963:
2947:
2946:
2945:
2922:
2921:
2906:
2905:
2901:
2894:
2877:
2862:
2812:(11): 321–327.
2800:
2771:
2768:
2766:Further reading
2763:
2762:
2752:
2750:
2741:
2740:
2736:
2729:
2716:
2715:
2711:
2701:
2699:
2691:
2690:
2686:
2678:
2674:
2673:
2669:
2659:
2657:
2656:on 22 June 2018
2653:
2647:
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2624:
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2377:
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2350:
2349:
2342:
2329:
2325:
2315:
2313:
2305:
2304:
2300:
2290:
2288:
2281:wordorigins.org
2274:
2273:
2269:
2245:
2240:
2239:
2235:
2225:
2223:
2214:Blamire, John.
2213:
2212:
2208:
2173:
2172:
2168:
2158:
2156:
2148:
2147:
2143:
2133:
2131:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2108:
2106:
2098:
2097:
2093:
2083:
2081:
2073:
2072:
2068:
2062:Berzelius 1814a
2060:
2056:
2046:
2044:
2036:
2035:
2031:
2024:
2011:
2010:
2006:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1965:
1964:
1960:
1942:
1941:
1937:
1919:
1918:
1914:
1896:
1895:
1891:
1873:
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1868:
1848:
1847:
1843:
1833:
1832:
1828:
1821:
1806:
1801:
1800:
1796:
1777:
1776:
1772:
1762:
1760:
1755:
1754:
1750:
1740:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1729:
1725:
1719:
1716:Wayback Machine
1704:
1700:
1691:
1690:
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1395:
1394:
1390:
1383:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1351:
1349:
1334:
1333:
1329:
1324:
1312:
1304:Yale University
1274:Berzeliusskolan
1259:copper selenide
1186:
1163:, and inventor
1096:
1073:Lärbok i kemien
1062:
1052:
1042:
1039:
996:Lärbok i kemien
994:Volumes 4-6 of
988:
934:
923:
915:
911:
907:
867:Lärbok i kemien
859:
765:
758:
754:
750:
740:
708:Lärbok i Kemien
693:
688:
643:
622:
595:
584:
574:
566:Swedish Academy
562:Royal Institute
527:
525:Academic career
471:medical student
444:
439:
307:
275:
263:
257:
252:
246:
244:Swedish Academy
222:
218:
206:Johann Afzelius
154:
150:
146:
142:
138:
134:
118:Alma mater
105:
96:
92:
83:
73:
67:
65:
64:
63:
44:
43:Jacob Berzelius
35:
28:
23:
22:
18:Jacob Berzelius
15:
12:
11:
5:
3755:
3753:
3745:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3719:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
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3649:
3644:
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3624:
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3594:
3593:
3589:
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3576:
3564:
3562:United Kingdom
3541:
3540:
3538:
3537:
3529:
3521:
3513:
3505:
3497:
3489:
3481:
3473:
3465:
3457:
3445:
3437:
3425:
3413:
3401:
3393:
3385:
3373:
3365:
3353:
3345:
3337:François Arago
3333:
3325:
3317:
3309:
3297:
3289:
3281:
3273:
3269:David Brewster
3265:
3257:
3249:
3241:
3233:
3225:
3217:
3209:
3201:
3193:
3185:
3177:
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3165:
3164:
3158:
3156:
3155:
3148:
3141:
3133:
3125:
3124:
3119:
3116:
3102:
3097:
3093:
3092:
3086:
3085:
3069:
3060:
3051:
3042:
3020:
3009:
2996:
2984:
2975:
2966:
2954:
2944:
2943:
2938:
2933:
2927:
2923:
2920:
2919:
2914:
2908:
2907:
2896:
2895:
2893:
2892:External links
2890:
2889:
2888:
2881:
2875:
2860:
2845:
2838:
2798:
2780:(6): 343–350.
2767:
2764:
2761:
2760:
2734:
2727:
2709:
2697:www.mindat.org
2684:
2667:
2645:
2622:
2613:
2588:
2576:
2555:
2535:
2522:(4): 114–118.
2502:
2496:
2476:
2459:
2433:
2426:
2408:
2370:
2359:(2): 143–163.
2340:
2323:
2298:
2275:Wilton, Dave.
2267:
2233:
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2166:
2141:
2116:
2091:
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2022:
2004:
1981:
1958:
1935:
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1889:
1866:
1841:
1826:
1819:
1794:
1770:
1748:
1723:
1698:
1684:
1656:(5): e53–e54.
1621:
1588:
1581:
1563:
1528:
1498:
1472:
1435:
1413:
1388:
1381:
1363:
1340:(in Swedish).
1326:
1325:
1323:
1320:
1319:
1318:
1311:
1308:
1240:Pour le Mérite
1206:Carl XIV Johan
1185:
1182:
1095:
1092:
1083:
1082:
1076:
1070:
1060:
1050:
1038:
1035:
987:
984:
952:, and various
933:
930:
928:formaldehyde.
921:
913:
909:
905:
858:
855:
764:
761:
756:
752:
748:
739:
736:
692:
689:
687:
684:
642:
639:
604:Anders Retzius
573:
570:
535:Anna Sundström
526:
523:
464:classification
460:Katedralskolan
443:
440:
438:
435:
423:atomic weights
296:
295:
292:
291:
288:
287:
284:
283:
278:
272:
271:
266:
260:
259:
249:
248:
242:Member of the
239:
238:
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234:
231:
230:
227:
226:
213:
209:
208:
203:
197:
196:
191:
187:
186:
181:
177:
176:
170:
169:
163:
159:
158:
132:Atomic weights
129:
128:Known for
125:
124:
119:
115:
114:
111:
107:
106:
97:
95:(aged 68)
89:
85:
84:
74:
72:10 August 1779
61:
59:
55:
54:
46:
45:
42:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3754:
3743:
3740:
3738:
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3733:
3730:
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3725:
3723:
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3710:
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3705:
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3640:
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3623:
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3610:
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3600:
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3575:
3565:
3563:
3553:
3549:
3534:
3530:
3526:
3522:
3518:
3514:
3510:
3509:John Herschel
3506:
3502:
3498:
3494:
3490:
3486:
3482:
3478:
3474:
3470:
3466:
3462:
3458:
3454:
3450:
3446:
3442:
3438:
3434:
3430:
3426:
3422:
3418:
3414:
3410:
3406:
3402:
3398:
3394:
3390:
3386:
3382:
3378:
3374:
3370:
3366:
3362:
3358:
3357:William Prout
3354:
3350:
3346:
3342:
3338:
3334:
3330:
3329:John Brinkley
3326:
3322:
3318:
3314:
3310:
3306:
3305:John Herschel
3302:
3301:Edward Sabine
3298:
3294:
3290:
3286:
3282:
3278:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3262:
3258:
3254:
3250:
3246:
3242:
3238:
3234:
3230:
3229:William Henry
3226:
3222:
3218:
3214:
3210:
3206:
3202:
3198:
3194:
3190:
3186:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3173:Astley Cooper
3170:
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3154:
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2904:
2899:
2891:
2886:
2882:
2878:
2872:
2868:
2867:
2861:
2858:
2857:0-520-01628-9
2854:
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2835:
2831:
2827:
2823:
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2710:
2698:
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2677:
2671:
2668:
2652:
2648:
2646:3-7861-6189-5
2642:
2635:
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2585:
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2237:
2234:
2221:
2217:
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2201:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2170:
2167:
2155:
2151:
2145:
2142:
2130:
2126:
2120:
2117:
2105:
2101:
2095:
2092:
2080:
2076:
2070:
2067:
2063:
2058:
2055:
2043:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2025:
2019:
2015:
2008:
2005:
2000:
1996:
1992:
1985:
1982:
1977:
1973:
1969:
1962:
1959:
1954:
1950:
1946:
1939:
1936:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1916:
1913:
1908:
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1877:
1870:
1867:
1862:
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1822:
1820:9789188468222
1816:
1812:
1805:
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1758:
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1347:
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1213:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1195:
1194:Berzelii Park
1190:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1174:
1168:
1166:
1162:
1158:
1155:, astronomer
1154:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1138:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1124:
1120:
1116:
1109:, London 1900
1108:
1106:
1100:
1093:
1087:
1080:
1077:
1074:
1071:
1067:
1066:
1061:
1057:
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1041:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1012:
1008:
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997:
992:
985:
983:
981:
976:
974:
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959:
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951:
947:
943:
939:
931:
929:
927:
919:
903:
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895:
891:
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883:
879:
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868:
863:
856:
854:
852:
848:
844:
839:
837:
832:
828:
823:
821:
817:
813:
809:
806:in 1824, and
805:
801:
797:
793:
789:
785:
781:
777:
773:
770:
762:
760:
746:
737:
735:
733:
729:
725:
721:
717:
716:atomic theory
713:
709:
702:of Berzelius.
701:
700:Daguerreotype
697:
690:
685:
679:
675:
672:
669:
667:
663:
658:
656:
652:
648:
640:
634:
630:
626:
621:
617:
613:
609:
605:
599:
594:
588:
583:
580:. Along with
579:
571:
569:
567:
563:
559:
555:
551:
547:
543:
538:
536:
532:
524:
522:
520:
516:
511:
506:
504:
503:electric pile
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
467:
465:
461:
457:
456:natural world
453:
449:
441:
436:
434:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
407:
405:
401:
397:
393:
389:
385:
381:
377:
373:
369:
365:
360:
358:
354:
353:stoichiometry
350:
346:
342:
337:
334:
330:
326:
322:
318:
313:
305:
302:
293:
289:
285:
282:
279:
273:
270:
267:
261:
255:
250:
245:
240:
236:
232:
228:
225:
221:
220:Heinrich Rose
217:
214:
210:
207:
204:
202:
198:
195:
192:
188:
185:
182:
178:
175:
171:
167:
164:
160:
157:
153:
149:
145:
141:
137:
133:
130:
126:
123:
120:
116:
112:
108:
104:
100:
91:7 August 1848
90:
86:
82:
78:
60:
56:
52:
47:
40:
37:
33:
19:
3441:Robert Brown
3404:
3361:Henry Foster
3341:Peter Barlow
3221:Everard Home
3205:Humphry Davy
3104:
3078:
3028:
3018:(in Swedish)
3012:
2999:Online works
2957:Online works
2931:Online books
2924:
2902:
2884:
2864:
2848:
2841:
2809:
2805:
2777:
2773:
2751:. Retrieved
2746:
2737:
2718:
2712:
2700:. Retrieved
2696:
2687:
2670:
2658:. Retrieved
2651:the original
2632:
2625:
2616:
2604:. Retrieved
2600:
2591:
2583:
2579:
2545:
2538:
2519:
2515:
2505:
2486:
2479:
2469:
2462:
2450:. Retrieved
2446:
2436:
2417:
2411:
2386:
2382:
2373:
2356:
2352:
2331:
2326:
2314:. Retrieved
2310:
2301:
2289:. Retrieved
2285:the original
2280:
2270:
2253:
2249:
2236:
2224:. Retrieved
2219:
2209:
2182:
2178:
2169:
2157:. Retrieved
2153:
2144:
2132:. Retrieved
2128:
2119:
2107:. Retrieved
2103:
2094:
2082:. Retrieved
2078:
2069:
2057:
2045:. Retrieved
2041:
2032:
2013:
2007:
1998:
1994:
1984:
1975:
1971:
1961:
1952:
1948:
1938:
1929:
1925:
1915:
1906:
1902:
1892:
1883:
1879:
1869:
1860:
1854:
1844:
1835:
1829:
1810:
1797:
1782:
1773:
1761:. Retrieved
1751:
1739:. Retrieved
1726:
1720:(in Swedish)
1707:
1701:
1687:
1675:. Retrieved
1653:
1649:
1612:. Retrieved
1607:
1572:
1566:
1554:. Retrieved
1550:chem.unt.edu
1549:
1519:. Retrieved
1515:the original
1510:
1501:
1489:. Retrieved
1485:
1475:
1463:. Retrieved
1458:
1426:. Retrieved
1424:(in Swedish)
1416:
1404:. Retrieved
1400:
1391:
1372:
1366:
1356:– via
1350:. Retrieved
1336:
1330:
1297:
1290:
1286:
1267:
1255:berzelianite
1253:The mineral
1252:
1233:
1228:Copley Medal
1221:
1214:
1199:
1169:
1153:Thomas Young
1139:
1123:Humphry Davy
1112:
1102:
1064:
1054:
1044:
1004:
999:
995:
977:
970:
957:
935:
918:formaldehyde
871:
866:
840:
824:
798:in 1803 and
766:
741:
731:
718:proposed by
707:
705:
686:Achievements
673:
670:
659:
644:
612:George Scott
575:
539:
528:
507:
468:
448:Östergötland
445:
431:superscripts
408:
361:
338:
317:Robert Boyle
303:
299:
276:Succeeded by
253:
247:(Seat No. 5)
190:Institutions
173:
166:Copley medal
93:(1848-08-07)
77:Östergötland
75:Väversunda,
36:
3607:1848 deaths
3602:1779 births
3349:James South
3277:Henry Kater
3261:James Ivory
3162:(1801–1850)
2802:Paul Walden
2753:26 December
2452:30 December
2307:"Zirconium"
2291:30 December
2256:: 254–267.
2226:28 December
2047:22 February
1677:27 December
1614:27 December
1556:21 December
1521:21 December
1465:20 December
1428:19 November
1196:, Stockholm
973:lactic acid
956:. The term
720:John Dalton
623: [
608:Samuel Owen
596: [
585: [
546:romanticism
321:John Dalton
264:Preceded by
110:Nationality
3596:Categories
3111:Seat No. 5
2991:Wikisource
2964:(in Latin)
2702:23 October
2389:(5): 624.
2100:"Selenium"
1491:9 February
1322:References
1282:Gothenburg
1278:alma mater
1165:James Watt
1159:, chemist
980:biliverdin
655:depression
641:Later life
404:mineralogy
364:empiricist
68:1779-08-10
3717:Vitalists
3574:Biography
3461:Georg Ohm
3321:John Pond
2747:123rf.com
2565:cite book
2332:catalysis
2316:1 January
2277:"Silicon"
2159:1 January
2150:"Thorium"
2134:1 January
2125:"Silicon"
2109:1 January
2084:1 January
1352:5 October
1142:Greenwich
1107:1836 1847
1011:synthesis
998:, titled
978:The term
890:allotrope
874:catalysis
843:zirconium
816:lanthanum
792:zirconium
734:in 1826.
452:Linköping
437:Biography
376:catalysis
372:allotropy
368:isomerism
341:physician
329:chemistry
254:In office
184:Chemistry
140:Catalysis
99:Stockholm
3697:Selenium
3115:1837–48
2834:36477981
2794:98774420
2365:24640238
2075:"Cerium"
1712:Archived
1672:29728209
1406:3 August
1346:Archived
1310:See also
1210:friherre
1204:by King
1202:ennobled
1007:vitalism
986:Vitalism
966:molecule
954:proteins
820:vanadium
800:selenium
788:titanium
776:selenium
483:tantalum
392:selenium
308:Swedish:
148:Selenium
3702:Thorium
3586:Science
3548:Portals
3083:. 1879.
3065:by the
3056:by the
3047:by the
3003:Gallica
2980:at the
2814:Bibcode
2749:. 123RF
2660:22 June
2606:5 April
2529:6208063
2391:Bibcode
2187:Bibcode
1763:19 July
1741:24 June
1358:YouTube
958:protein
940:in his
926:monomer
902:glucose
888:" and "
886:protein
878:polymer
812:lithium
808:thorium
804:silicon
784:thorium
780:silicon
751:O or Fe
400:thorium
396:silicon
152:Thorium
144:Silicon
113:Swedish
3707:Cerium
3535:(1850)
3527:(1849)
3519:(1848)
3511:(1847)
3503:(1846)
3495:(1845)
3487:(1844)
3479:(1843)
3471:(1842)
3463:(1841)
3455:(1840)
3443:(1839)
3435:(1838)
3423:(1837)
3411:(1836)
3399:(1835)
3391:(1834)
3383:(1832)
3371:(1831)
3363:(1827)
3351:(1826)
3343:(1825)
3331:(1824)
3323:(1823)
3315:(1822)
3307:(1821)
3295:(1820)
3287:(1818)
3279:(1817)
3271:(1815)
3263:(1814)
3255:(1813)
3247:(1811)
3239:(1809)
3231:(1808)
3223:(1807)
3215:(1806)
3207:(1805)
3199:(1804)
3191:(1803)
3183:(1802)
3175:(1801)
2900:about
2873:
2855:
2832:
2792:
2725:
2643:
2553:
2526:
2494:
2424:
2363:
2179:Nature
2020:
1817:
1670:
1579:
1379:
946:coffee
882:isomer
818:, and
796:cerium
772:cerium
712:oxygen
550:tenure
495:Medevi
491:oxygen
388:cerium
374:, and
323:, and
180:Fields
168:(1836)
162:Awards
156:Cerium
103:Sweden
81:Sweden
2830:S2CID
2790:S2CID
2679:(PDF)
2654:(PDF)
2637:(PDF)
2361:JSTOR
2246:(PDF)
1807:(PDF)
1735:(PDF)
1546:(PDF)
1037:Works
627:]
600:]
589:]
301:Baron
2871:ISBN
2853:ISBN
2755:2019
2723:ISBN
2704:2016
2662:2018
2641:ISBN
2608:2021
2571:link
2551:ISBN
2492:ISBN
2454:2019
2422:ISBN
2318:2020
2293:2019
2228:2019
2161:2020
2136:2020
2111:2020
2086:2020
2049:2018
2018:ISBN
1815:ISBN
1765:2015
1743:2011
1679:2019
1668:PMID
1616:2019
1577:ISBN
1558:2019
1523:2019
1493:2024
1467:2019
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