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606:(1952-1963), must have ordered the assassination: "I have done what the Haganah decided had to be done. And nothing was done without the order of Yitzhak Ben-Zvi... I have no regrets because he (De Haan) wanted to destroy our whole idea of Zionism." Tehomi denied allegations that De Haan's assassination was related to his homosexuality: "I neither heard nor knew about this", adding "why is it someone's business what he does at his home?"
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best poets of my
Generation, and the only important Jewish national poet Holland has ever had. It is difficult to give up all this."... The Palestine De Haan entered on a bitter stormy winter day in January 1919 was above all an intricate country. Arguably it had the most confusing political conditions of that politically complicated moment when the
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his correspondence (only of the period 1902–1908), published in 1994, shed a bright light on his life. In 2015 a comprehensive 685-page Dutch-language biography written by Dutch academic and literary critic Joop
Fontijn was published by De Bezige Bij in Amsterdam under the title "Onrust. Het leven van Jacob Israël de Haan".
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use violence to enslave the pious." The
British authorities offered a reward for information leading to the arrest of the killer, but Tehomi was never caught. A young pioneer named Yaakov Gussman was briefly detained by the British police on suspicion of carrying out the assassination, but released for lack of evidence.
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circles De Haan is considered a martyr, killed by secular Jews while protecting the Jewish religion; nevertheless, most
Haredim recoil from his homosexuality, his religious questioning, and his attempted coalition with the Arab nationalists against his fellow Jews. During the 1980s, the Neturei Karta
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of the book, shocking to readers in the early 20th century, led to his dismissal from his teaching job and social-democratic political circles. Aletrino and
Johanna van Maarseveen, de Haan's fiancée, bought almost the entire print run of the book, to keep a lid on the scandal. In 1907, he married van
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The headquarters of
Agudath Israel received condolences from the British Palestine government, the French and Spanish consuls in Jerusalem, and various cables from around the world. In New York, ultra-Orthodox Jews circulated Yiddish leaflets praising De Haan and condemning "Torahless Zionists, who
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have been reprinted, as were his novels, and his earlier prose has been rescued from obscure magazines. Dozens of bibliophile editions honoured his poems and prose sketches. Many magazine articles and other publications about his life were published, and generated heated debates. A large volume of
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De Haan's murder is considered the first political murder in the Jewish community in
Palestine. His activities were perceived as undermining the struggle for the establishment of a Jewish state, but the assassination sparked a controversy and was harshly condemned by some. Labor movement publicist
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In 1952, Yosef Hecht, the first commander of the main Jewish pre-state self-defense organisation, the
Haganah, told the official Haganah historian in a testimony what had actually occurred. In order to stop De Haan's planned anti-Zionist activity in London, Hecht discussed the issue with Zechariah
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in his application for a passport. The same letter assumed his stance with aplomb. False modesty was never one of his faults... De Haan wrote: "I am not leaving
Holland to improve my condition. Neither materially, nor intellectually will life in Palestine be equal to my life here. I am one of the
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The flag of our movement must not be tarnished. Neither by the blood of the innocent, nor by the blood of the guilty. Otherwise - our movement will be bad, because blood draws other bloods. Blood always takes revenge and if you walk down this path once, you do not know where it would lead
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Urieli, the
Haganah commander in Jerusalem. They decided to assassinate De Haan. Two Haganah members, Avraham Tehomi and Avraham Krichevsky, were selected for the task. Hecht did not inform the Yishuv's civilian leadership until after the assassination, when he contacted
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At first, the Palestinian Jewish society, the Yishuv, readily accepted the theory that the assassination had to be blamed on Arabs. They did not doubt the Zionist leadership's assurances that it had played no part in it. With time doubts started rising.
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in Egypt than with the intricate Palestine politics), the Zionist authorities both in Palestine and London became very worried. There was a great potential danger from these critical reports from a Jew who actually lived and worked right on this hot
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In 1949, a committee was founded to publish a collected edition of the poems, which followed in 1952. A 'Society Jacob Israël de Haan' furthered other publications: philosophical aphorisms and letters, and a memoir by his sister Mies de Haan.
636:, blamed each other. There was widespread speculation as to the identity of the assassin, with the theories postulated including him being a Zionist, a Haredi enraged over the revelations of De Haan's homosexuality, or an Arab lover.
625:. His funeral was attended by hundreds of Haredim, along with Zionist and British representatives. Following the funeral, many Haredim ventured into the city center to confront Zionists, and were barely restrained by the police.
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wrote that, while the identity of exactly who ordered the assassination was unknown, "there's little doubt that many in the senior Zionist leadership in Jerusalem knew about the proposal to kill de Haan—and that none objected."
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He spoke about the tyranny of the official Zionist movement. The journalists of the Northcliffe party gleefully reported all that back home. As a result of this contact, De Haan was appointed correspondent for the
287:, which aimed at collecting signatures for the sake of inducing especially Russia's then allies France and Great Britain to exert pressure on Russia to alleviate the fate of the prisoners. In a publication of
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In the 1960s two attempts at a biography were published. After 1970 a revival of interest in De Haan brought more publicity, stimulating new editions of his works. Many of his publications about law and
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Through the years, in the Netherlands there have been projects, festivals and theatre productions commemorating Jacob Israël de Haan's work and life. A line from De Haan's poem "To a Young Fisherman":
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410:. De Haan endeavoured to get an agreement with Arab nationalist leaders to allow unrestricted Jewish immigration into Palestine in exchange for a Jewish declaration forgoing the Balfour Declaration.
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In 1912, de Haan made some trips to Russia, and he visited a number of prisons there, in order to study the situation of political prisoners in Russia. He published his shocking findings in his book
598:, by Shlomo Nakdimon and Shaul Mayzlish, revived wider interest in his assassination. Nakdimon and Mayzlish were able to trace Tehomi, then a businessman living in Hong Kong. When interviewed for
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published a book in 1932 based on De Haan's life called "De Vriendt kehrt heim" (English title "De Vriendt Goes Home"). Israeli writer Haim Beer's book "Notzot" (1979, translated into English as
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535:). He explained the Haredi Jewish opposition to the Zionist plans of founding a state, and Haredi support for the establishment of an official Palestinian state within the
353:". De Haan arrived there as an ardent, even fanatical, Zionist. Indeed, the first secret Zionist report about him refers to his ranting anti-Arab remarks made at a party...
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327:, this Poet of the Jewish Song took the next logical step and emigrated to Palestine "anxious to work at rebuilding Land, People and Language" as De Haan put it to
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586:, a senior member of the National Council. Hecht stated that "he did not regret it and would do it again." Before the facts were published, journalist
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Jewish community, he became the political spokesman of the Haredim in Jerusalem. He was elected political secretary of the Orthodox community council,
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as part of a federation. De Haan made plans to travel to London in July 1924 with an anti-Zionist Haredi delegation to argue against Zionism.
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and journalist who immigrated to Palestine in 1919. There he became more religiously committed and served as the political spokesman of the
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1900–1908 De Haan published poetry in several magazines during these years. These early poems however have never been collected in a book
370:. He taught at a new law school, the Jerusalem Law Classes, established by the Government of Palestine in 1920, and sent articles to the
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was about to begin. One might call it a natural habitat for this cranky man. It was the "twice promised country," to the Arabs in the
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approached him and asked for the time. Tehomi shot him three times and ran away from the scene. De Haan died minutes later.
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The secular Zionist establishment would not allow the established Haredi community in Palestine to be represented in the
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De Haan: ha-retsah ha-politi ha-rishon be-Erets Yisraʼel / De Haan: The first political assassination in Palestine
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613:, Zionists spread a rumour that De Haan had been killed by Arabs because of his sexual relations with Arab boys.
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Rechtskundige significa en hare toepassing op de begrippen: 'aansprakelijk, verantwoordelijk, toerekeningsvatbaar
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De Haan rapidly became more religiously committed. He was angered by Zionist refusals to cooperate with Arabs.
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During this time it is alleged that he continued to have relationships with young men, including Arabs from
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Although De Haan's fame waned after his death, his works have been published and reprinted. Even under the
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254:("Lines from De Pijp"), which falsely pretends to be a thinly veiled version of his own gay life with
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1241:"He Laid the Foundation for Israel's Army. His Story Was Kept Secret – Until His Diary Turned Up"
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community in Jerusalem tried to change the name of the Zupnik Garden to commemorate De Haan.
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The assassination caused shock in Palestine and Europe. Senior Zionist leaders, among them
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he was, because of these activities, described as "a precursor of Amnesty International".
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241:. He was said to be one of eighteen children and received a traditional Jewish education.
802:('Collected poems'); complete poetry 1909–1924 in two volumes, edited by K. Lekkerkerker
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Maarseveen, a non-Jewish doctor; they separated in 1919, but never officially divorced.
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376:("General Trade Journal"), one of the most important Dutch daily newspapers, and the
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Shortly before leaving for London, De Haan was assassinated in Jerusalem by the
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1341:"Jacob de Haan, Israel's Forgotten Gay Haredi Political Poet – Tablet Magazine"
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From Palestine De Haan sent many sketches and articles to the Dutch newspaper
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869:('Pathologies. The Perdition of Johan van Vere de With'; last reprint 2003)
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by Nakdimon, Tehomi said that Yitzhak Ben-Zvi, who later became the second
475:. Although his messages were short and few compared to his articles in the
452:, a British publisher, was about to visit the Middle East, de Haan went to
851:('Nervous Tales', published in various magazines, first collected in 1983)
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Guardian of Jerusalem: The Life and Times of Rabbi Yosef Chaim Sonnenfeld
1107:"Wordt Vervolgd" (Amnesty International, Section Netherlands), March 1987
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on the early morning of 30 June 1924. As he exited the synagogue at the
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to present the case of Palestine's Haredim before he reached Palestine:
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Berl: the biography of a socialist Zionist, Berl Katznelson, 1887-1944,
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444:, chose de Haan to organise and represent the Haredi position as their
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This is a description of de Haan prior to his departure for Palestine:
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147:. He was assassinated in 1924 by the Zionist paramilitary organization
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1368:, 'De Haan, Jacob Israel' in Robert Aldrich, Garry Wotherspoon (eds.)
1051:"This Day in Jewish History / Zionism's First Political Assassination"
1370:
Who's who in gay and lesbian history: from antiquity to World War II,
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448:, on a diplomatic level equal to that of the secular Zionists. When
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political organisation in Jerusalem to represent their interests in
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were motivated by a desire for God or for the young Arab men there.
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and Zionism even before he moved there in 1919, when he settled in
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De Haan, speaking on behalf of Agudath Israel, even opposed the
440:. The leader of the Haredi Jews in Palestine at the time, Rabbi
417:. In one of his poems he asks himself whether his visits to the
279:(1913). He also founded a committee, together with Dutch writer
316:, which made him deeply aware of the threats of anti-Semitism.
1155:. adapted by Hillel Danziger. Brooklyn: Mesorah Publications.
18:
1277:"Jacob de Haan, Israel's Forgotten Gay Haredi Political Poet"
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Gay men and the sexual history of the political left, Part 1,
862:
published in magazines, collected for the first time in 1954)
1300:"This Day in Jewish History-Haaretz - Israel News - Haaretz"
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Jacob Israël de Haan - correspondent in Palestina, 1919-1924
596:
De Haan: The first political assassination in Palestine
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Burials at the Jewish cemetery on the Mount of Olives
1183:, Syracuse University Press, 2002, pp.235-255, p.238.
867:
Pathologieën. De ondergang van Johan van Vere de With
1397:"Headquarters of Agudath Israel Receive Condolences"
1321:(in Hebrew) (1st ed.). Tel Aviv: Modan Press.
214:
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49:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
1084:"Jacob Israel de Haan: sexology, poetry, politics"
1025:"The Rosenthaliana's Jacob Israel de Haan Archive"
382:("The Green Amsterdam Weekly"), a liberal weekly.
304:Around 1910, De Haan developed an interest in the
1425:"Chalutz Accused of Dehaan Murder to Be Released"
1027:. University of Amsterdam Library. Archived from
956:Brieven van en aan Jacob Israël de Haan 1899-1908
1090:, Centre for the History of European Discourses.
937:edited by David Koker ('Letters from Jerusalem')
723:, is inscribed on one of the three sides of the
500:allocating separate benefits to the Zionist-led
428:in the 1920s . In response, the Haredim founded
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458:
321:
1383:"Funeral of De Haan Attended by All Factions"
1137:, Harry Oosterhuis, James D. Steakley (eds.)
703:('Letters from Jerusalem') in a small book.
483:was more concerned with the mysteries of the
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721:"For friendship such a limitless longing..."
362:De Haan wrote extensively on the subject of
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679:Poem by De Haan on a sculpture in Amsterdam
1615:Jewish anti-Zionism in Mandatory Palestine
1411:"Dehaan Followers Issue Anonymous Leaflet"
271:Work on behalf of Russian Jewish prisoners
168:
157:
16:Dutch-Jewish lawyer and writer (1881–1924)
1484:by Ludy Giebels in Exquisite Corpse, 1915
1115:
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930:with an introduction by Carry van Bruggen
881:Wezen en taak der rechtskundige significa
659:) also has a character based on De Haan.
531:(the pre-Zionist Jewish community in the
109:Learn how and when to remove this message
1710:Deaths by firearm in Mandatory Palestine
1317:Shlomo Nakdimon; Shaul Mayzlish (1985).
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233:, a village in the northern province of
131:(31 December 1881 - 30 June 1924) was a
1705:People assassinated in the 20th century
1177:'Haredim and Palestinians in Jerusalem'
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1715:People murdered in Mandatory Palestine
1179:, in Marshall J. Berger, Ora Ahimeir,
1103:
1101:
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995:History of the Jews in the Netherlands
944:. Collected and edited by Ludy Giebels
479:(the news from the Middle East in the
958:. Edited by Rob Delvigne and Leo Ross
121:Not to be confused with the composer
7:
1625:Orthodox Jews in Mandatory Palestine
1469:by Henriette Boas and Ludy Giebels.
807:Ik ben een jongen te Zaandam geweest
47:adding citations to reliable sources
400:, leader of the ultra-conservative
1151:Sonnenfeld, Shlomo Zalman (1983).
693:Nazi occupation of the Netherlands
554:, assassin of Jacob Israël de Haan
396:movement, but after meeting Rabbi
14:
1343:. 7 December 2014. Archived from
523:, the future king of independent
388:At first he aligned himself with
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1181:Jerusalem: a city and its future
969:
527:, seeking their support for the
358:Religious and anti-Zionist phase
23:
1690:20th-century Dutch male writers
1655:LGBT history in the Netherlands
1488:Amsterdam Jewish History Museum
1289:Menachem Friedman, ibid. p.238.
507:In August 1923, De Haan met in
34:needs additional citations for
1700:20th-century Dutch journalists
1570:Assassinated Dutch journalists
1194:Colonialism and homosexuality,
786:Het Joodsche lied. Tweede boek
753:Het Joodsche lied. Eerste boek
262:" working-class district. The
1:
1520:Works by Jacob Israël de Haan
1511:Works by Jacob Israël de Haan
323:In 1919, two years after the
1600:Dutch people murdered abroad
1555:20th-century Dutch novelists
1196:Psychology Press, 2003 p.84.
844:('Perditions'; reprint 1984)
788:('Jewish song, second book')
1526:(public domain audiobooks)
1494:links to de Haan's writings
1023:Marijke T.C.Stapert-Eggen.
755:('Jewish song, first book')
617:Aftermath and commemoration
346:The Seven Pillars of Wisdom
334:Versailles Peace Conference
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1720:Zionist political violence
1675:People from Midden-Drenthe
1620:Orthodox Jewish socialists
1560:Anti-Zionist Orthodox Jews
1005:Zionist political violence
908:In Russische gevangenissen
621:De Haan was buried on the
218:Writer, Journalist, Lawyer
120:
1212:CUP Archive, 1984, p.146.
244:In 1904, while living in
167:
135:literary writer, lawyer,
1685:20th-century Dutch poets
1088:University of Queensland
837:('Rabble'; reprint 1977)
813:'), anthology edited by
594:The 1985 publication of
1239:Nir Mann (9 May 2020).
895:Rechtskundige significa
699:managed to publish his
640:Moshe Beilinson wrote:
1640:Dutch LGBT journalists
1585:Belgian male novelists
1463:(Amsterdam University)
1141:Routledge, 1995 p.106.
910:('In Russian Prisons')
858:('Decided Sentences',
746:Libertijnsche liederen
688:
687:A memorial for de Haan
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537:Emirate of Transjordan
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442:Yosef Chaim Sonnenfeld
398:Yosef Chaim Sonnenfeld
379:De Groene Amsterdammer
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285:Henriette Roland Holst
155:political activities.
58:"Jacob Israël de Haan"
1472:Encyclopaedia Judaica
1372:Routledge, 2003 p.143
935:Brieven uit Jeruzalem
849:Nerveuze vertellingen
701:Brieven uit Jeruzalem
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564:Shaare Zedek Hospital
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289:Amnesty International
248:, he wrote the novel
1695:Dutch male novelists
1645:Dutch LGBT novelists
1439:Society and Religion
915:Algemeen Handelsblad
800:Verzamelde gedichten
773:', Carthage being a
373:Algemeen Handelsblad
229:De Haan was born in
174:Jacob Israël de Haan
162:Jacob Israël de Haan
129:Jacob Israël de Haan
43:improve this article
1595:Dutch Orthodox Jews
1437:Prof. M. Friedman,
1192:Robert F. Aldrich,
1175:Menachem Friedman,
1124:. Exquisite Corpse.
883:. Inaugural address
830:(last reprint 2006)
748:('Libertine songs')
604:President of Israel
498:British authorities
489:Valley of the Kings
485:tomb of Tutankhamun
343:existentialised in
325:Balfour Declaration
207:Cause of death
1680:Yishuv journalists
1630:LGBT Orthodox Jews
1504:2006-05-25 at the
1467:HAAN, JACOB ISRAËL
1459:2011-05-26 at the
1347:on 7 December 2014
1000:Notable Dutch Jews
856:Besliste volzinnen
767:Een nieuw Carthago
689:
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300:Zionist beginnings
281:Frederik van Eeden
277:In Russian prisons
1610:Dutch gay writers
1565:Assassinated Jews
1515:Project Gutenberg
1499:Images of de Haan
1490:biography (Dutch)
1413:. 1 January 1924.
1385:. 1 January 1924.
809:('I was a boy in
454:Alexandria, Egypt
438:Mandate Palestine
390:religious Zionism
295:Move to Palestine
237:, and grew up in
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1427:. 5 August 1924.
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329:Chaim Weitzman
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32:This article
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1349:. Retrieved
1345:the original
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1248:. Retrieved
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1122:"On de Haan"
1059:. Retrieved
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1029:the original
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200:(1924-06-30)
198:30 June 1924
153:anti-Zionist
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133:Dutch Jewish
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41:Please help
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771:Carthage
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760:Liederen
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833:1904 –
826:1904 –
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791:1924 –
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779:Antwerp
765:1919 –
758:1917 –
751:1915 –
744:1914 –
560:Haganah
487:in the
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310:Zionism
239:Zaandam
235:Drenthe
149:Haganah
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492:spot.
90:JSTOR
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874:Law
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143:in
45:by
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