677:, chair of the philosophy department at Tulane University, wrote "A Philosophical Assessment of the est Training", in which he calls Erhard "a kind of artist, a thinker, an inventor, who has big debts to others, borrowed from others, but then put the whole thing together in a way that no one else had ever done." Sacramento City College philosophy professor Robert Todd Carroll has called est a "hodge-podge of philosophical bits and pieces culled from the carcasses of existential philosophy, motivational psychology." Social critic John Bassett MacCleary called Erhard "a former used-car salesman" and est "just another moneymaking scam." NYU psychology professor Paul Vitz called est "primarily a business" and said its "style of operation has been labeled as fascist."
528:
and social transformation and human well-being." The
Foundation supported projects launched by people committed to altering what is possible for humanity, such as The Hunger Project, The Mastery Foundation, The Holiday Project, and the Youth at Risk Program, programs that continue to be active. It also organized presentations by scholars and humanitarians such as the Dalai Lama and Buckminster Fuller and hosted an annual conference in theoretical physics, a science in which Erhard was especially interested. The annual conference was designed to give physicists an opportunity to work with their colleagues on what they were developing before they published, and was attended by such physicists as
739:
transferring assets out of the country, and that the agency was suing Erhard", branding Erhard a "tax cheat". On April 15, the IRS was reported to have placed a lien of $ 6.7 million on Erhard's personal property. In his suit, Erhard stated that he had never refused to pay taxes that were lawfully due, and in
September 1996 he won the suit. The IRS paid him $ 200,000 in damages. While admitting that the media reports quoting the IRS on Erhard's tax liabilities had been false, the IRS took no action to have the media correct those statements.
36:
105:
325:, Erhard contacted his first wife and family, arranged to provide support and college education for the children, and repaid Patricia's parents for their financial support. Between 1973 and 1975, members of his extended family took the est training, and Patricia and his younger siblings took jobs in the est organization.
1680:
Appendix A. Text of Court Ruling in Ney Case – Source: LEXIS-NEXIS – STEPHANIE NEY, Plaintiff-Appellant, v. LANDMARK EDUCATION CORPORATION; RON ZELLER, Defendants-Appellees, and WERNER ERHARD; WERNER ERHARD AND ASSOCIATES; PETER SIAS, Defendants. – No. 92-1979 – UNITED STATES COURT OF APPEALS FOR THE
668:
Erhard became the object of popular fascination and criticism, with the media tending to vilify him over several decades. Moreno has written, "Allegations of all sorts of personal and financial wrongdoing were hurled at him, none of which were borne out and some were even publicly retracted by major
629:
magazine published an article about
Landmark Education and its historical connection to Erhard. The article stated: "In 1991, before he left the U.S., Erhard sold the 'technology' behind his seminars to his employees, who formed a new company called the Landmark Education Corp., with Erhard's brother
514:
has described the est training as "the most important cultural event after the human potential movement itself seemed exhausted" and a form of "Socratic interrogation". Erhard challenged participants to be themselves and live in the present instead of playing a role imposed on them by their past, and
746:
stated that, by
October 1989, Scientology had collected five filing cabinets' worth of materials about Erhard, many from certain graduates of est who had joined Scientology, and that Scientology was clearly in the process of organizing a "media blitz" aimed at discrediting him. According to Erhard's
527:
In the early 1970s, the est
Foundation became the Werner Erhard Foundation, with the aim of "providing financial and organizational support to individuals and groups engaged in charitable and educational pursuits—research, communication, education, and scholarly endeavors in the fields of individual
506:
Starting in 1971, est, short for Erhard
Seminars Training and Latin for "it is", offered in-depth personal and professional development workshops, the initial program of which was called "The est Training". The est Training's purpose was to transform the way one sees and makes sense of life so that
1367:
By shedding the overt Erhard association with the program (occasionally Erhard still consults, the Forum admits), the Forum moved toward establishing itself as a common passage for the upwardly mobile young (or even not-so-young) adult, as well as for the fringe element it had always succeeded in
738:
In 1993, Erhard filed a wrongful disclosure lawsuit against the IRS, asserting that IRS agents had incorrectly and illegally revealed details of his tax returns to the media. In April 1991, IRS spokesmen were widely quoted alleging that "Erhard owed millions of dollars in back taxes, that he was
723:
article were deceitfully obtained. The case was dismissed in August 1993, the judge ruling that the statute of limitations had expired, that
Celeste "had suffered no monetary damages or physical harm and that she failed to present legal evidence that Hubner had deliberately misled her", which is
491:
write that Mind
Dynamics, est, and LifeSpring have "striking" similarities, as all used "authoritarian trainers who enforce numerous rules," require applause from participants, and deemphasize reason in favor of emotion. The authors also describe graduates recruiting heavily on behalf of the
474:
and began teaching his own version of Mind
Dynamics classes in San Francisco and Los Angeles. The directors of Mind Dynamics eventually invited him into their partnership, but Erhard rejected the offer, saying he would rather develop his own seminar program—est, the first program of which he
507:
the situations one had been trying to change or tolerating clear up in the process of living itself. The point was to leave participants free to be, while increasing their effectiveness and the quality of their lives. The est
Training was experiential and transformational in nature.
584:, which began in January 1985. Also during that period he developed and presented a series of seminars, broadcast via satellite, that included interviews with contemporary thinkers in science, economics, sports, and the arts on topics such as creativity, performance, and money.
690:
reporter John Hubner and approximately 20 other defendants for libel, defamation, slander, invasion of privacy, and conspiracy. On May 20, 1992, he filed for dismissal of his own case and sent each of the defendants $ 100 to cover their filing fees in the case. Erhard told
1025:“The Forum replaced the est Training in 1985 and, indeed, it may be argued that this encounter was crucial in this development of Erhard’s work, which development continues to this day in Landmark Worldwide and in his new work with speaking the Being of leadership.”
365:
transferred him to Arlington, Virginia as the southeast division manager; but after a dispute with the company's president, he returned to his previous position as west coast division manager in San Francisco. Over the next few years, Erhard brought on as
288:
denomination. where she taught Sunday School. They agreed that their son should choose his religion when he was old enough. He chose to be baptized in the Episcopal Church, served there for eight years as an acolyte, and has been an Episcopalian since.
651:
and other courses: "Erhard stood to earn up to $ 15 million over the next 18 years." But Arthur Schreiber's declaration of May 3, 2005 states: "Landmark Education has never paid Erhard under the license agreements (he assigned his rights to others)."
515:
to move beyond their current points of view into a perspective from which they could observe their own positionality. The author Robert Hargrove said "you're going to notice that things do begin to clear up, just in the process of life itself".
518:
The first est course was held in San Francisco, California, in October 1971. By the mid-1970s Erhard had trained 10 others to lead est courses. Between 1972 and 1974 est centers opened in Los Angeles, Aspen, Honolulu, and New York City.
245:(offered from 1971 to 1984). In 1985, he replaced the est Training with a newly designed program, the Forum. Since 1991, the Forum has been kept up to date and offered by Landmark Education. Erhard has written, lectured, and taught on
659:
reported that Landmark Education CEO Harry Rosenberg said that the company had bought Erhard's license outright and his rights to the business in Japan and Mexico. From time to time, Erhard acts as a consultant to Landmark Education.
630:
Harry Rosenberg at the helm." According to Landmark Education, its programs have as their basis ideas originally developed by Erhard, but Erhard has no financial interest, ownership, or management role in Landmark Education. In
734:
In 1992, a court entered a default judgment of $ 380,000 against Erhard in absentia in a case alleging negligent injury. The appellate court stated that he had not been personally served and was not present at the trial.
446:
in 1967. He was sufficiently impressed by it to make his staff attend the course, and began to think about developing a course of his own. Over the following years, he investigated a wide range of movements, including
695:
in an interview that he dropped the suit after receiving legal advice telling him that in order to win it, he would have to prove not just that CBS knew the allegations were false but that CBS acted with
816:
with Michael C. Jensen, Chapter 16 in Handbook For Teaching Leadership: Knowing, Doing, and Being, edited by Scott A. Snook, Rakesh Khurana, and Nitin Nohria, Harvard Business School. SAGE Publications,
317:
Patricia Rosenberg and their four children initially relied on welfare and help from family and friends. After five years without contact, Patricia Rosenberg divorced Erhard for desertion and remarried.
302:
In 1960, Rosenberg deserted his wife and their children in Philadelphia. Rosenberg and June Bryde assumed false identities and traveled to Indianapolis. He chose the name "Werner Hans Erhard" from
680:
In 1991, Erhard "vanished amid reports of tax fraud (which proved false and won him $ 200,000 from the IRS) and allegations of incest (which were later recanted)." The March 3, 1991, episode of
510:
The workshops were offered until 1984, when the est training was replaced by the Forum. As of 1984, 700,000 people had completed the est training. American ethicist, philosopher, and historian
296:, where he received the English award in his senior year. He graduated in June 1953, along with his future wife Patricia Fry, whom he married on September 26, 1953; they had four children.
715:
for $ 2 million, accusing the newspaper of having "defrauded her and invaded her privacy", saying she had exaggerated information, been promised a $ 2 million book deal, and appeared on
361:
In the summer of 1962, he became territorial manager for California, Nevada, and Arizona, and moved to San Francisco, and in the spring of 1963 moved to Los Angeles. In January 1964,
566:, and its philosophies. The origin of the Hunger Project can be seen in the 1977 source document "The End of Starvation: Creating an Idea Whose Time Has Come", written by Erhard.
2542:
2263:
841:
with Michael C. Jensen, and Steve Zaffron. Harvard Business School NOM Working Paper No. 06-11; Barbados Group Working Paper No. 06-03; Simon School Working Paper No. FR 08–05.
1943:
Erhard is an autodidact… Jensen is an emeritus professor at Harvard Business School… Together they are writing academic articles and touring the world's best universities.
634:(1994), a court ruled that Landmark Education Corporation did not have successor-liability to Werner Erhard & Associates, the corporation whose assets it purchased.
1070:
2282:
2537:
2344:"Founder of est Targeted in Campaign by Scientologists : Religion: Competition for customers is said to be the motive behind effort to discredit Werner Erhard"
1930:
425:, who introduced him to the distinction between mind and self; Erhard subsequently became close friends with Watts. Erhard also studied in Japan with Zen rĹŤshi
997:
These companies were: Erhard Seminars Training Inc. (1971–1975); est, an educational corporation (1975–1981), and Werner Erhard and Associates (1981–1991).
603:
to discuss principles of coaching across all disciplines. They sought to identify distinctions found in coaching regardless of the subject being coached.
2527:
299:
From the early mid-1950s until 1960, Rosenberg worked in various automobile dealerships, with a stint managing a medium-duty industrial equipment firm.
1655:
1051:“Several years later, est had evolved into “The Forum,” which continues to flourish around the world today under the auspices of Landmark Education.”
2522:
2394:
700:. Erhard told King that his family members had since retracted their allegations, which according to Erhard had been made under pressure from the
2150:
2002:
1969:
1633:
2061:
1873:
1796:
1523:
1169:
1044:
1018:
1037:
The 99th Monkey: A Spiritual Journalist's Misadventures with Gurus, Messiahs, Sex, Psychedelics, and Other Consciousness-Raising Experiments
1344:
1760:
1249:
707:
Erhard's daughters retracted the allegations of sexual abuse they had made against him. Celeste Erhard, one of the daughters featured on
2242:
673:
called Erhard "a man with no formal experience in mental health, self-help, or religious revivalism, but a background in retail sales".
731:
program from the market. A disclaimer said, "this segment has been deleted at the request of CBS News for legal or copyright reasons".
2547:
1787:
1443:
1322:
1209:
669:
media organizations." Various skeptics have questioned or criticized the validity of Erhard's work and his motivations. Psychiatrist
45:
2552:
2458:
1909:
1893:
1888:
MacCleary, John Bassett. (2004), The Hippie Dictionary: A Cultural Encyclopedia of the 1960s and 1970s, Page 165., Ten Speed Press,
1708:
1403:
1243:
959:
78:
276:
John Paul Rosenberg was born in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, on September 5, 1935. His father was a small-restaurant owner who left
2117:
1735:
350:
1062:
562:, and others, Erhard founded The Hunger Project, a nonprofit NGO. In 1991 the organization severed its ties to Werner Erhard,
314:. Bryde changed her name to Ellen Virginia Erhard. The Erhards moved to St. Louis, where Werner took a job as a car salesman.
871:
1409:
828:
260:. In 1991, he retired from business and sold his existing intellectual property to his employees, who then adopted the name
2290:
1922:
1570:
1543:
257:
2432:
1598:
825:
with Michael C. Jensen, Jesse Isidor Straus Professor of Business Administration, emeritus Harvard Business School, 2013
648:
581:
575:
1571:"Leader of controversial organization with ties to "cult-like" group tapped by UN Task Force to help cure world hunger"
1111:
686:
covered these allegations and was later removed by CBS due to factual inaccuracies. On March 3, 1992, Erhard sued CBS,
2387:
1816:
836:
2043:
1904:
Vitz, Paul C. (1994). Psychology As Religion: The Cult of Self-Worship. Wm. B. Eerdmans Publishing Company. p. 26.
607:
moderated the discussion and, in 1989, documented the outcome in the article "Coaching and the Art of Management."
346:
1354:
822:
Four Ways of Being that Create the Foundations of A Great Personal Life, Great Leadership and A Great Organization
2481:
984:
1842:
1481:
370:
staff many people who later became important in est, including Elaine Cronin, Gonneke Spits, and Laurel Scheaf.
49:
2417:
1229:
1155:
563:
501:
484:
411:
322:
293:
242:
2486:
2179:
Fischer, Jack (August 14, 1993). "$ 2 million suit against MN dismissed – No harm to Erhard's daughter seen".
857:) #19986, March 2014; European Corporate Governance Institute (ECGI) Finance Working Paper No. 417/2014; and
1723:
Declaration filed May 5, 2005 at the US District Court of New Jersey, civil action 04-3022 (JCL), pp 3 and 4
1349:
456:
2532:
2512:
2380:
1659:
1539:
452:
2024:
San Jose Mercury News staff (April 7, 1992). "Est Founder sues critics: suit names Mercury News writer".
2453:
2343:
2213:
2197:
2181:
2060:, (Filed: March 3, 1992) Case Number: 1992-L-002687. Division: Law Division. District: First Municipal.
2026:
853:. Journal: Capitalism and Society, Issue 12, Volume 1, May 2017; National Bureau of Economic Research (
2140:
1992:
1959:
1866:
The Skeptic's Dictionary: A Collection of Strange Beliefs, Amusing Deceptions, and Dangerous Delusions
1625:
838:
Integrity: A Positive Model that Incorporates the Normative Phenomena of Morality, Ethics and Legality
2517:
2468:
1809:
757:
674:
431:
358:
1395:
Impromptu Man: J.L. Moreno and the Origins of Psychodrama, Encounter Culture, and the Social Network
2463:
2112:
1747:
1698:
1515:
697:
643:
384:
342:
2427:
2422:
1389:
858:
670:
622:
616:
549:
511:
394:
265:
261:
253:
1764:
1510:
The Black Hole War: My Battle with Stephen Hawking to Make the World Safe for Quantum Mechanics
830:
The Hunger Project Source Document, The End of Starvation: Creating an Idea Whose Time Has Come
2232:
1905:
1889:
1869:
1792:
1704:
1519:
1439:
1399:
1318:
1239:
1233:
1205:
1201:
1165:
1040:
1014:
955:
945:
850:
747:
brother Harry Rosenberg, "Werner made some very, very powerful enemies. They really got him."
311:
647:, Landmark Education agreed to pay Erhard a long-term licensing fee for the material used in
1507:
1225:
770:
559:
537:
488:
246:
2491:
2448:
2145:
2041:
United Press International staff (March 4, 1992). "EST guru sues CBS, Enquirer, Hustler".
1997:
1964:
1739:
1694:
1602:
638:
600:
596:
533:
529:
448:
1508:
2107:
2078:
1732:
403:
811:
341:
In 1961, Erhard began selling correspondence courses in the Midwest. He then moved to
2506:
2328:
1287:
1194:
1154:
Kay Holzinger (February 1, 2001). "Erhard Seminars Training (est) and The Forum". In
1011:
Speaking being: Werner Erhard, Martin Heidegger, and a new possibility of being human
767:
Speaking Being: Werner Erhard, Martin Heidegger, and a New Possibility of Being Human
471:
443:
389:
379:
378:
During his time in St. Louis, Erhard read two books that had a marked effect on him:
307:
104:
2233:"Wikileaks re-publishes 60 Minutes piece on est/Landmark cult leader Werner Erhard"
592:
426:
422:
285:
135:
60:
1393:
1159:
949:
781:
Beyond Health and Normality: Explorations of Exceptional Psychological Well-Being
2237:
2228:
796:
588:
555:
464:
407:
1574:
1547:
1098:
Getting Saved from the Sixties: Moral Meaning in Conversion and Cultural Change
1544:"The Hunger Project attempts to purge criticism and history from the Internet"
692:
682:
604:
476:
418:
17:
1595:
786:
1115:
1812:
353:
program as an area training manager. In January 1962, he began working at
776:
587:
In October 1987, Erhard hosted a televised broadcast with sports coaches
414:, he became more interested in personal fulfillment than sales success.
1196:
The Book of Enlightened Masters: Western Teachers in Eastern Traditions
281:
277:
719:
to get publicity for the book. Celeste claimed that her quotes in the
1838:
1477:
783:, edited by Roger Walsh and Deane H. Shapiro Jr., Van Nostrand. 1983.
844:
820:
56:
306:
magazine articles he had read about West German economics minister
2264:
Wikisource:Ney v. Landmark Education Corporation and Werner Erhard
1398:(1 ed.). New York: Bellevue Literary Press (published 2014).
976:
460:
1092:
1090:
1088:
2372:
1317:. New York: Kensington Publishing Corporation. pp. 51, 52.
854:
241:; September 5, 1935) is an American lecturer known for founding
2469:
Werner Erhard: The Transformation of a Man, The Founding of est
2376:
2195:"Daughter of est founder sues Mercury News over two articles",
951:
Werner Erhard: The Transformation of a Man, the Founding of est
801:
with Victor Gioscia. Biosciences Communication 3:104-122. 1977.
439:
as an essential contribution that "created the space for" est.
432:
Werner Erhard: The Transformation of a Man, the Founding of est
226:
759:
Werner Erhard The Transformation of a Man: The Founding of est
436:
29:
2289:. Los Angeles, California. September 12, 1996. Archived from
1596:
The End of Starvation: Creating an Idea Whose Time Has Come
1112:"Erhard's Life After est Common boundary: March/April 1994"
2365:
846:
Putting Integrity Into Finance: A Purely Positive Approach
475:
conducted in October 1971. John Hanley, who later founded
1345:"Est, Werner Erhard and The Corporatization of Self-Help"
1100:. Berkeley: University of California Press, 1982, p. 176.
1614:
Sourcebook of Coaching History, Vikki G Brock PhD., 2012
570:
Werner Erhard and Associates (1981–1991) and "The Forum"
861:
Forum on Corporate Governance and Financial Regulation.
813:
Creating Leaders: An Ontological/Phenomenological Model
580:
In the 1980s, Erhard created a new program called the
479:, was also involved at this time. In their 1992 book
2441:
2410:
625:purchased Erhard's intellectual property. In 1998,
492:companies, thereby eliminating marketing expenses.
417:After moving to Sausalito, he attended seminars by
222:
214:
151:
143:
114:
95:
1791:. New York/Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1989.
1193:
1161:Odd gods: new religions & the cult controversy
2326:"IRS Settles Lawsuit brought by Werner Erhard,"
2283:"Leader of est movement wins $ 200,000 from IRS"
1689:
1687:
787:"est: Communication in a Context of Compassion"
632:Stephanie Ney v. Landmark Education Corporation
435:(1978), Bartley quotes Erhard as acknowledging
2277:
2275:
2273:
2271:
2058:Werner Erhard vs. Columbia Broadcasting System
1953:
1951:
1501:
1499:
1384:
1382:
1380:
1378:
1376:
1338:
1336:
1334:
2388:
1472:
1470:
292:Rosenberg attended Norristown High School in
8:
1839:"Documentary, 2006, Directed by Robyn Symon"
1459:"hotel to hospital – farewell to S.F. era".
1063:"Hunger project aiming at global commitment"
791:The Journal of Current Psychiatric Therapies
2543:People from Montgomery County, Pennsylvania
2072:
2070:
1429:
1427:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
727:CBS subsequently withdrew the video of the
357:Magazine Cultural Institute, a division of
2395:
2381:
2373:
1681:FOURTH CIRCUIT – 1994 U.S. App. LEXIS 2373
940:
938:
936:
934:
932:
930:
928:
926:
924:
922:
920:
918:
916:
914:
912:
910:
908:
906:
92:
59:. Please do not remove this message until
2211:"Suit against MN ends in paper's favor".
2174:
2172:
2170:
2168:
904:
902:
900:
898:
896:
894:
892:
890:
888:
886:
79:Learn how and when to remove this message
2101:
2099:
1958:Faltermayer, Charlotte (June 24, 2001).
1624:Faltermayer, Charlotte (June 24, 2001).
1286:Erhard, Werner; Gloscia, Victor (1977).
284:mission and then joined his wife in the
55:Relevant discussion may be found on the
27:American author, lecturer, founder "est"
2342:Welkos, Robert W. (December 29, 1991).
2312:"IRS starts liening on Werner Erhard".
2139:Charlotte Faltermayer (June 24, 2001).
1991:Charlotte Faltermayer (June 24, 2001).
1658:. Landmarkeducation.com. Archived from
1412:from the original on September 29, 2023
1252:from the original on September 29, 2023
1192:Rawlinson, Andrew (December 31, 1998).
1129:The Graphic Designer's Guide to Clients
987:from the original on September 23, 2018
882:
321:In October 1972, a year after creating
2538:MIT Sloan School of Management faculty
1073:from the original on November 24, 2017
398:(1960). When a member of his staff at
2153:from the original on October 19, 2020
2106:Grigoriadis, Vanessa (July 9, 2001).
2079:"It Happens – Page 8 – News – Denver"
2005:from the original on November 2, 2014
1972:from the original on November 2, 2014
1819:from the original on January 29, 2023
1636:from the original on October 19, 2020
1438:. New York: Dell Books. p. 127.
742:A private investigator quoted in the
621:In 1991, the group that later formed
7:
2316:. Chicago, Illinois. April 15, 1991.
1868:. John Wiley&Sons. p. 126.
1039:(1st ed.). Santa Monica Press.
523:Werner Erhard Foundation (1973–1991)
1788:Cults: faith, healing, and coercion
1763:. February 10, 2002. Archived from
1656:"Landmark Education, media Q&A"
1484:from the original on March 25, 2019
1035:Sobel, Eliezer (February 1, 2008).
761:, New York: Clarkson N. Potter Inc.
558:, former Oberlin College president
470:In 1970, Erhard became involved in
1933:from the original on June 25, 2016
1923:"Lunch with the FT: Werner Erhard"
1845:from the original on April 9, 2019
1114:. wernererhard.com. Archived from
25:
2528:American people of Jewish descent
2459:Getting It: The Psychology of est
2245:from the original on June 3, 2010
2120:from the original on May 21, 2011
1813:"est: A Philosophical Appraisal"
1238:. SUNY Press. pp. 129–132.
1009:Hyde, Bruce; Kopp, Drew (2019).
954:. New York: Clarkson N. Potter.
203:
176:
103:
34:
2523:Episcopalians from Pennsylvania
2217:. January 14, 1994. p. 2B.
402:introduced him to the ideas of
199:
172:
1013:. Hoboken, New Jersey: Wiley.
872:Large-group awareness training
724:legally required for damages.
1:
1275:. Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
769:, Hyde, Bruce and Drew Kopp:
756:Bartley, William Warren III:
554:In 1977, with the support of
2433:Werner Erhard and Associates
1761:"Landmark Education website"
1569:Rick Ross (April 26, 2004).
1480:. Werner Erhard Foundation.
576:Werner Erhard and Associates
2116:. New York Media Holdings.
1573:. Cult News. Archived from
1546:. Cult News. Archived from
1235:Perspectives on the New Age
946:Bartley, William Warren III
773:(2019) ISBN 978-1119549901.
481:Perspectives on the New Age
421:, a Western interpreter of
337:Magazine Cultural Institute
252:In 1977, Erhard co-founded
61:conditions to do so are met
2569:
2044:United Press International
1841:. Transformationfilm.com.
1514:. Back Bay Books. p.
1506:Susskind, Leonard (2009).
1478:"Werner Erhard Foundation"
1296:Biosciences Communications
763:(1978) ISBN 0-517-53502-5.
614:
573:
547:
499:
429:. In Bartley's biography,
410:, both key figures in the
2548:Writers from Philadelphia
2477:
2287:Daily News of Los Angeles
2185:. California. p. 6B.
2062:Cook County Circuit Court
1864:Carroll, Roberta (2004).
1434:Hargrove, Robert (1976).
798:The est Standard Training
189:Ellen Erhard / June Bryde
102:
2553:Human Potential Movement
2418:Erhard Seminars Training
2047:. p. Domestic News.
1271:Rhinehart, Luke (1976).
564:Erhard Seminars Training
502:Erhard Seminars Training
412:Human Potential Movement
323:Erhard Seminars Training
294:Norristown, Pennsylvania
1601:March 27, 2019, at the
1461:San Francisco Chronicle
457:Enlightenment Intensive
347:Encyclopædia Britannica
1392:(September 22, 2014).
1313:Kettle, James (1976).
1200:. Open Court. p.
1069:. The New York Times.
711:, sued Hubner and the
453:Transactional Analysis
2454:est: Playing the Game
2332:, September 11, 1996.
2214:San Jose Mercury News
2198:San Jose Mercury News
2182:San Jose Mercury News
2108:"Pay Money, Be Happy"
2027:San Jose Mercury News
1810:Zimmerman, Michael E.
1738:May 21, 2011, at the
1703:. St Martin's Press.
1662:on September 27, 2007
1436:est: Making Life Work
1131:, by Ellen M. Shapiro
789:with Victor Gioscia,
713:San Jose Mercury News
688:San Jose Mercury News
574:Further information:
359:W. R. Grace & Co.
345:, where he worked at
2064:, Chicago, Illinois.
1767:on February 10, 2002
1605:, The Hunger Project
1164:. Prometheus Books.
675:Michael E. Zimmerman
664:Critics and disputes
444:Dale Carnegie Course
442:Erhard attended the
202: 1960;
175: 1953;
138:, Pennsylvania, U.S.
2464:Outrageous Betrayal
2293:on October 17, 2018
2231:(August 31, 2009).
1927:The Financial Times
1748:Vanessa Grigoriadis
1733:Pay Money, Be Happy
1700:Outrageous Betrayal
1463:. October 31, 2009.
1390:Moreno, Jonathan D.
644:Outrageous Betrayal
385:Think and Grow Rich
343:Spokane, Washington
239:John Paul Rosenberg
119:John Paul Rosenberg
48:of this article is
2428:Landmark Worldwide
2423:The Hunger Project
2241:. boingboing.net.
1993:"The Best of est?"
1960:"The Best Of Est?"
1929:. April 28, 2012.
1626:"The Best Of Est?"
1542:(April 10, 2004).
1315:The est Experience
1292:Standard Training"
1096:Steven M. Tipton,
977:"Curriculum Vitae"
859:Harvard Law School
793:, Volume 18. 1978.
623:Landmark Education
617:Landmark Worldwide
611:Landmark Education
550:The Hunger Project
544:The Hunger Project
512:Jonathan D. Moreno
395:Psycho-Cybernetics
266:Landmark Worldwide
262:Landmark Education
254:The Hunger Project
235:Werner Hans Erhard
2500:
2499:
2482:Wikimedia Commons
2348:Los Angeles Times
2314:Chicago Sun-Times
2141:"The Best Of est"
1875:978-0-471-48088-4
1797:978-0-19-505631-0
1744:New York Magazine
1525:978-0-316-01641-4
1357:on August 6, 2007
1226:Melton, J. Gordon
1171:978-1-57392-842-7
1046:978-1-59580-028-2
1020:978-1-119-54990-1
851:Michael C. Jensen
744:Los Angeles Times
657:New York Magazine
312:Werner Heisenberg
232:
231:
129:September 5, 1935
89:
88:
81:
16:(Redirected from
2560:
2397:
2390:
2383:
2374:
2369:
2368:
2366:Official website
2352:
2351:
2339:
2333:
2324:
2318:
2317:
2309:
2303:
2302:
2300:
2298:
2279:
2266:
2261:
2255:
2254:
2252:
2250:
2225:
2219:
2218:
2208:
2202:
2193:
2187:
2186:
2176:
2163:
2162:
2160:
2158:
2136:
2130:
2129:
2127:
2125:
2103:
2094:
2093:
2091:
2089:
2074:
2065:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2038:
2032:
2031:
2021:
2015:
2014:
2012:
2010:
1988:
1982:
1981:
1979:
1977:
1955:
1946:
1945:
1940:
1938:
1919:
1913:
1902:
1896:
1886:
1880:
1879:
1861:
1855:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1835:
1829:
1828:
1826:
1824:
1806:
1800:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1774:
1772:
1757:
1751:
1730:
1724:
1721:
1715:
1714:
1695:Pressman, Steven
1691:
1682:
1678:
1672:
1671:
1669:
1667:
1652:
1646:
1645:
1643:
1641:
1621:
1615:
1612:
1606:
1593:
1587:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1566:
1560:
1559:
1557:
1555:
1536:
1530:
1529:
1513:
1503:
1494:
1493:
1491:
1489:
1474:
1465:
1464:
1456:
1450:
1449:
1431:
1422:
1421:
1419:
1417:
1386:
1371:
1370:
1364:
1362:
1353:. Archived from
1340:
1329:
1328:
1310:
1304:
1303:
1283:
1277:
1276:
1268:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1222:
1216:
1215:
1199:
1189:
1183:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1151:
1132:
1126:
1120:
1119:
1118:on May 12, 2010.
1110:Wakefield, Dan.
1107:
1101:
1094:
1083:
1082:
1080:
1078:
1058:
1052:
1050:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1006:
1000:
999:
994:
992:
975:Erhard, Werner.
972:
966:
965:
942:
560:Robert W. Fuller
538:Leonard Susskind
489:J. Gordon Melton
400:Parents Magazine
247:self-improvement
227:wernererhard.net
207:
205:
201:
180:
178:
174:
147:Author, lecturer
132:
128:
126:
107:
93:
84:
77:
73:
70:
64:
38:
37:
30:
21:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2562:
2561:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2503:
2502:
2501:
2496:
2473:
2449:The Book of est
2437:
2406:
2401:
2364:
2363:
2360:
2355:
2341:
2340:
2336:
2325:
2321:
2311:
2310:
2306:
2296:
2294:
2281:
2280:
2269:
2262:
2258:
2248:
2246:
2227:
2226:
2222:
2210:
2209:
2205:
2201:, July 16, 1992
2194:
2190:
2178:
2177:
2166:
2156:
2154:
2138:
2137:
2133:
2123:
2121:
2105:
2104:
2097:
2087:
2085:
2077:Steve Jackson.
2076:
2075:
2068:
2056:
2052:
2040:
2039:
2035:
2023:
2022:
2018:
2008:
2006:
1990:
1989:
1985:
1975:
1973:
1957:
1956:
1949:
1936:
1934:
1921:
1920:
1916:
1903:
1899:
1887:
1883:
1876:
1863:
1862:
1858:
1848:
1846:
1837:
1836:
1832:
1822:
1820:
1808:
1807:
1803:
1785:Marc Galanter:
1784:
1780:
1770:
1768:
1759:
1758:
1754:
1750:, July 9, 2001.
1740:Wayback Machine
1731:
1727:
1722:
1718:
1711:
1693:
1692:
1685:
1679:
1675:
1665:
1663:
1654:
1653:
1649:
1639:
1637:
1623:
1622:
1618:
1613:
1609:
1603:Wayback Machine
1594:
1590:
1580:
1578:
1568:
1567:
1563:
1553:
1551:
1538:
1537:
1533:
1526:
1505:
1504:
1497:
1487:
1485:
1476:
1475:
1468:
1458:
1457:
1453:
1446:
1433:
1432:
1425:
1415:
1413:
1406:
1388:
1387:
1374:
1360:
1358:
1343:Snider, Susan.
1342:
1341:
1332:
1325:
1312:
1311:
1307:
1285:
1284:
1280:
1273:The Book of est
1270:
1269:
1265:
1255:
1253:
1246:
1230:Lewis, James R.
1224:
1223:
1219:
1212:
1191:
1190:
1186:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1153:
1152:
1135:
1127:
1123:
1109:
1108:
1104:
1095:
1086:
1076:
1074:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1047:
1034:
1033:
1029:
1021:
1008:
1007:
1003:
990:
988:
974:
973:
969:
962:
944:
943:
884:
880:
868:
808:
753:
751:Further reading
666:
639:Steven Pressman
619:
613:
578:
572:
552:
546:
534:Stephen Hawking
530:Richard Feynman
525:
504:
498:
496:est (1971–1984)
376:
339:
331:
274:
210:
209:
206: 1983)
197:
193:
190:
182:
179: 1960)
170:
166:
163:
139:
133:
130:
124:
122:
121:
120:
110:
98:
85:
74:
68:
65:
54:
39:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
2566:
2564:
2556:
2555:
2550:
2545:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2505:
2504:
2498:
2497:
2495:
2494:
2489:
2484:
2478:
2475:
2474:
2472:
2471:
2466:
2461:
2456:
2451:
2445:
2443:
2439:
2438:
2436:
2435:
2430:
2425:
2420:
2414:
2412:
2408:
2407:
2402:
2400:
2399:
2392:
2385:
2377:
2371:
2370:
2359:
2358:External links
2356:
2354:
2353:
2334:
2319:
2304:
2267:
2256:
2220:
2203:
2188:
2164:
2131:
2095:
2066:
2050:
2033:
2016:
1983:
1947:
1914:
1897:
1881:
1874:
1856:
1830:
1801:
1778:
1752:
1725:
1716:
1709:
1683:
1673:
1647:
1616:
1607:
1588:
1577:on May 3, 2004
1561:
1550:on May 7, 2004
1531:
1524:
1495:
1466:
1451:
1445:978-0440195566
1444:
1423:
1404:
1372:
1330:
1324:978-0890831687
1323:
1305:
1278:
1263:
1244:
1217:
1211:978-0812693102
1210:
1184:
1170:
1156:James R. Lewis
1133:
1121:
1102:
1084:
1061:Toner, Robin.
1053:
1045:
1027:
1019:
1001:
967:
960:
881:
879:
876:
875:
874:
867:
864:
863:
862:
842:
834:
826:
818:
807:
804:
803:
802:
794:
784:
774:
764:
752:
749:
665:
662:
615:Main article:
612:
609:
571:
568:
548:Main article:
545:
542:
524:
521:
500:Main article:
497:
494:
485:James R. Lewis
404:Abraham Maslow
375:
372:
338:
332:
330:
327:
310:and physicist
273:
270:
230:
229:
224:
220:
219:
216:
212:
211:
195:
191:
188:
187:
186:
185:
168:
164:
161:
160:
159:
158:
155:
153:
149:
148:
145:
141:
140:
134:
118:
116:
112:
111:
109:Erhard in 2015
108:
100:
99:
96:
87:
86:
42:
40:
33:
26:
24:
18:Jack Rosenberg
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2565:
2554:
2551:
2549:
2546:
2544:
2541:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2533:Living people
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2513:Werner Erhard
2511:
2510:
2508:
2493:
2490:
2488:
2485:
2483:
2480:
2479:
2476:
2470:
2467:
2465:
2462:
2460:
2457:
2455:
2452:
2450:
2447:
2446:
2444:
2440:
2434:
2431:
2429:
2426:
2424:
2421:
2419:
2416:
2415:
2413:
2409:
2405:
2404:Werner Erhard
2398:
2393:
2391:
2386:
2384:
2379:
2378:
2375:
2367:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2349:
2345:
2338:
2335:
2331:
2330:
2329:Business Wire
2323:
2320:
2315:
2308:
2305:
2292:
2288:
2284:
2278:
2276:
2274:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2260:
2257:
2244:
2240:
2239:
2234:
2230:
2224:
2221:
2216:
2215:
2207:
2204:
2200:
2199:
2192:
2189:
2184:
2183:
2175:
2173:
2171:
2169:
2165:
2152:
2148:
2147:
2142:
2135:
2132:
2119:
2115:
2114:
2109:
2102:
2100:
2096:
2084:
2080:
2073:
2071:
2067:
2063:
2059:
2054:
2051:
2046:
2045:
2037:
2034:
2030:. p. 8B.
2029:
2028:
2020:
2017:
2004:
2000:
1999:
1994:
1987:
1984:
1976:September 28,
1971:
1967:
1966:
1961:
1954:
1952:
1948:
1944:
1932:
1928:
1924:
1918:
1915:
1911:
1910:0-8028-0725-9
1907:
1901:
1898:
1895:
1894:1-58008-547-4
1891:
1885:
1882:
1877:
1871:
1867:
1860:
1857:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1818:
1814:
1811:
1805:
1802:
1798:
1794:
1790:
1789:
1782:
1779:
1766:
1762:
1756:
1753:
1749:
1745:
1741:
1737:
1734:
1729:
1726:
1720:
1717:
1712:
1710:0-312-09296-2
1706:
1702:
1701:
1696:
1690:
1688:
1684:
1677:
1674:
1661:
1657:
1651:
1648:
1635:
1631:
1627:
1620:
1617:
1611:
1608:
1604:
1600:
1597:
1592:
1589:
1576:
1572:
1565:
1562:
1549:
1545:
1541:
1535:
1532:
1527:
1521:
1517:
1512:
1511:
1502:
1500:
1496:
1483:
1479:
1473:
1471:
1467:
1462:
1455:
1452:
1447:
1441:
1437:
1430:
1428:
1424:
1411:
1407:
1405:9781934137857
1401:
1397:
1396:
1391:
1385:
1383:
1381:
1379:
1377:
1373:
1369:
1356:
1352:
1351:
1346:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1320:
1316:
1309:
1306:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1291:
1282:
1279:
1274:
1267:
1264:
1251:
1247:
1245:0-7914-1213-X
1241:
1237:
1236:
1231:
1227:
1221:
1218:
1213:
1207:
1203:
1198:
1197:
1188:
1185:
1173:
1167:
1163:
1162:
1157:
1150:
1148:
1146:
1144:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1130:
1125:
1122:
1117:
1113:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1093:
1091:
1089:
1085:
1072:
1068:
1064:
1057:
1054:
1048:
1042:
1038:
1031:
1028:
1022:
1016:
1012:
1005:
1002:
998:
986:
982:
981:Werner Erhard
978:
971:
968:
963:
961:0-517-53502-5
957:
953:
952:
947:
941:
939:
937:
935:
933:
931:
929:
927:
925:
923:
921:
919:
917:
915:
913:
911:
909:
907:
905:
903:
901:
899:
897:
895:
893:
891:
889:
887:
883:
877:
873:
870:
869:
865:
860:
856:
852:
848:
847:
843:
840:
839:
835:
832:
831:
827:
824:
823:
819:
815:
814:
810:
809:
805:
800:
799:
795:
792:
788:
785:
782:
779:Chapter 5 in
778:
775:
772:
768:
765:
762:
760:
755:
754:
750:
748:
745:
740:
736:
732:
730:
725:
722:
718:
714:
710:
705:
703:
699:
694:
689:
685:
684:
678:
676:
672:
671:Marc Galanter
663:
661:
658:
653:
650:
646:
645:
641:'s 1993 book
640:
637:According to
635:
633:
628:
624:
618:
610:
608:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
585:
583:
577:
569:
567:
565:
561:
557:
551:
543:
541:
539:
535:
531:
522:
520:
516:
513:
508:
503:
495:
493:
490:
486:
482:
478:
473:
472:Mind Dynamics
468:
466:
462:
458:
454:
450:
445:
440:
438:
434:
433:
428:
424:
420:
415:
413:
409:
405:
401:
397:
396:
391:
390:Maxwell Maltz
387:
386:
381:
380:Napoleon Hill
373:
371:
369:
364:
360:
356:
352:
351:"Great Books"
348:
344:
336:
333:
328:
326:
324:
319:
315:
313:
309:
308:Ludwig Erhard
305:
300:
297:
295:
290:
287:
283:
279:
271:
269:
267:
263:
259:
255:
250:
248:
244:
240:
236:
228:
225:
221:
217:
213:
184:
183:
157:
156:
154:
150:
146:
144:Occupation(s)
142:
137:
131:(age 89)
117:
113:
106:
101:
97:Werner Erhard
94:
91:
83:
80:
72:
69:December 2022
62:
58:
52:
51:
47:
41:
32:
31:
19:
2403:
2347:
2337:
2327:
2322:
2313:
2307:
2297:November 18,
2295:. Retrieved
2291:the original
2286:
2259:
2247:. Retrieved
2236:
2229:Jardin, Xeni
2223:
2212:
2206:
2196:
2191:
2180:
2155:. Retrieved
2144:
2134:
2124:November 12,
2122:. Retrieved
2111:
2088:November 13,
2086:. Retrieved
2082:
2057:
2053:
2042:
2036:
2025:
2019:
2007:. Retrieved
1996:
1986:
1974:. Retrieved
1963:
1942:
1935:. Retrieved
1926:
1917:
1900:
1884:
1865:
1859:
1847:. Retrieved
1833:
1823:November 15,
1821:. Retrieved
1804:
1786:
1781:
1771:November 13,
1769:. Retrieved
1765:the original
1755:
1743:
1728:
1719:
1699:
1676:
1666:November 13,
1664:. Retrieved
1660:the original
1650:
1638:. Retrieved
1629:
1619:
1610:
1591:
1579:. Retrieved
1575:the original
1564:
1552:. Retrieved
1548:the original
1534:
1509:
1488:November 13,
1486:. Retrieved
1460:
1454:
1435:
1414:. Retrieved
1394:
1366:
1359:. Retrieved
1355:the original
1350:The Believer
1348:
1314:
1308:
1299:
1295:
1289:
1281:
1272:
1266:
1254:. Retrieved
1234:
1220:
1195:
1187:
1177:November 18,
1175:. Retrieved
1160:
1128:
1124:
1116:the original
1105:
1097:
1077:November 20,
1075:. Retrieved
1066:
1056:
1036:
1030:
1010:
1004:
996:
989:. Retrieved
980:
970:
950:
845:
837:
829:
821:
812:
797:
790:
780:
777:"Being Well"
766:
758:
743:
741:
737:
733:
728:
726:
721:Mercury News
720:
716:
712:
708:
706:
701:
687:
681:
679:
667:
656:
654:
642:
636:
631:
626:
620:
601:George Allen
593:Red Auerbach
586:
579:
553:
526:
517:
509:
505:
480:
469:
441:
430:
427:Yamada Mumon
423:Zen Buddhism
416:
399:
393:
383:
377:
367:
362:
354:
340:
334:
320:
316:
303:
301:
298:
291:
286:Episcopalian
275:
251:
238:
234:
233:
162:Patricia Fry
136:Philadelphia
90:
75:
66:
44:
2518:1935 births
2249:October 27,
2238:Boing Boing
2157:October 13,
2009:November 3,
1640:October 13,
1581:November 5,
1554:November 5,
1067:nytimes.com
991:February 2,
597:Tim Gallwey
589:John Wooden
556:John Denver
465:Scientology
408:Carl Rogers
388:(1937) and
2507:Categories
2487:Wikisource
1799:, page 80.
1302:: 104–122.
878:References
729:60 Minutes
717:60 Minutes
709:60 Minutes
704:producer.
702:60 Minutes
693:Larry King
683:60 Minutes
605:Jim Selman
477:Lifespring
419:Alan Watts
374:Influences
272:Early life
264:, renamed
125:1935-09-05
46:neutrality
2492:Wikiquote
1849:April 24,
1540:Rick Ross
1368:catching.
1361:August 2,
1256:August 5,
655:In 2001,
649:the Forum
449:Encounter
268:in 2013.
57:talk page
2243:Archived
2151:Archived
2118:Archived
2113:New York
2083:Westword
2003:Archived
1970:Archived
1931:Archived
1843:Archived
1817:Archived
1736:Archived
1697:(1993).
1634:Archived
1599:Archived
1482:Archived
1416:March 7,
1410:Archived
1250:Archived
1232:(1992).
1071:Archived
985:Archived
948:(1978).
866:See also
215:Children
50:disputed
2411:History
1937:May 23,
1158:(ed.).
368:Parents
363:Parents
355:Parents
335:Parents
304:Esquire
282:Baptist
278:Judaism
223:Website
208:
196:
192:
181:
169:
165:
152:Spouses
1908:
1892:
1872:
1795:
1707:
1522:
1442:
1402:
1321:
1242:
1208:
1168:
1043:
1017:
958:
698:malice
536:, and
329:Career
280:for a
237:(born
2442:Books
1288:"The
849:with
806:Works
771:Wiley
582:Forum
461:Subud
256:, an
198:(
194:
171:(
167:
2299:2010
2251:2010
2159:2020
2146:Time
2126:2010
2090:2011
2011:2012
1998:Time
1978:2007
1965:Time
1939:2012
1906:ISBN
1890:ISBN
1870:ISBN
1851:2014
1825:2016
1793:ISBN
1773:2011
1705:ISBN
1668:2011
1642:2020
1630:TIME
1583:2014
1556:2014
1520:ISBN
1490:2011
1440:ISBN
1418:2021
1400:ISBN
1363:2021
1319:ISBN
1258:2021
1240:ISBN
1206:ISBN
1179:2010
1166:ISBN
1079:2023
1041:ISBN
1015:ISBN
993:2017
956:ISBN
855:NBER
833:1977
817:2012
627:Time
599:and
487:and
463:and
406:and
204:div.
177:div.
115:Born
43:The
1516:191
1290:est
1202:261
437:Zen
392:'s
382:'s
349:'s
258:NGO
243:est
2509::
2346:.
2285:.
2270:^
2235:.
2167:^
2149:.
2143:.
2110:.
2098:^
2081:.
2069:^
2001:.
1995:.
1968:.
1962:.
1950:^
1941:.
1925:.
1815:.
1746:,
1742:,
1686:^
1632:.
1628:.
1518:.
1498:^
1469:^
1426:^
1408:.
1375:^
1365:.
1347:.
1333:^
1298:.
1294:.
1248:.
1228:;
1204:.
1136:^
1087:^
1065:.
995:.
983:.
979:.
885:^
595:,
591:,
540:.
532:,
483:,
467:.
459:,
455:,
451:,
249:.
200:m.
173:m.
127:)
2396:e
2389:t
2382:v
2350:.
2301:.
2253:.
2161:.
2128:.
2092:.
2013:.
1980:.
1912:.
1878:.
1853:.
1827:.
1775:.
1713:.
1670:.
1644:.
1585:.
1558:.
1528:.
1492:.
1448:.
1420:.
1327:.
1300:3
1260:.
1214:.
1181:.
1081:.
1049:.
1023:.
964:.
218:7
123:(
82:)
76:(
71:)
67:(
63:.
53:.
20:)
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
