912:
3167:
2843:
4383:
562:
3845:
3576:
4588:
4114:
2394:
1993:
547:, who was a keen supporter of the revolution, to be the chairman of the meeting instead of the more moderate Tõnisson. Teemant won the election overwhelmingly, but Tõnisson refused to leave. Eventually, Tõnisson and his moderate supporters left the gathering, while the remaining representatives turned the meeting into a discussion about how to take revolutionary power, much to the dismay of even Jaan Teemant.
33:
486:, it did not prevent him from passionately protesting against the punishment actions in Estonia, organized by the imperial powers. Lacking support for Estonians participating in the revolution, Tõnisson got into conflicts with more radical Estonian politicians. This however saved him from having to go to exile, as did
585:
school societies all over the country and opening several
Estonian-language high schools. The co-operation and agriculture policies, that Tõnisson had established, developed quickly, creating an Estonian civil society and influencing the general growth of wealth in Estonia. In 1915, Jaan Tõnisson and
474:, but also between Jaan Tõnisson and Konstantin Päts themselves. Tõnisson was to lead the "moralist" and Päts the "economic" fraction of the national movement. Both tried to become leading national figures, Tõnisson was ideological and nationalist, Päts emphasized the importance of economic activity.
1020:
Soviet authorities arrested Tõnisson in autumn 1940 and put him on trial. During his trial, Tõnisson neither regretted anything nor gave up any information about other politicians who opposed the
Soviets. The exact whereabouts of Tõnisson after the trial and the circumstances of his death remain a
771:
The coalition consisted of the three major parties in the parliament: Tõnisson's People's Party with the social democratic ESDTP and the centre-left Labour Party. On 1 July 1920, ESDTP left the coalition because of ideological differences and the entire cabinet fell on 28 July 1920, after Tõnisson
677:
were named
Estonian delegates abroad and Tõnisson became the leader of Estonian Foreign Delegations, a position that would still be his when Estonia declared its independence on 24 February 1918. The delegations were eventually turned into embassies and in Stockholm, Tõnisson met with German and
584:
board (he resumed shortly afterwards) and in
December 1907, he was put on trial. Tõnisson was sentenced to three months in Tartu prison. Prison did not inhibit Tõnisson's political activity. In the years following the revolution he concentrated on developing the Estonian school system, founding
779:
was chosen to head the new cabinet. He however, also did not get the support of the
Constituent Assembly and his cabinet was in office only nominally for three days. From 30 July 1920 to 26 October 1920, Jaan Tõnisson headed his second cabinet as Prime Minister in the one-party coalition.
938:
Soviet Union invaded
Estonia in 16 June 1940, Tõnisson reportedly tried to convince President Konstantin Päts about the necessity of armed resistance to the Soviet invaders, at least symbolically, however Päts had by that time already decided to surrender without resistance.
620:
went through and Tõnisson, among some other
Estonian politicians, was chosen to compose the draft of self-government reform. Tõnisson was often among the few politicians, who contacted directly with the Russian Provisional Government in these questions. Eventually, the
558:. Tõnisson was elected to the board of this group and he organized a separate Baltic fraction for the group. He also joined the protest movement against the actions of the Russian government, trying to protect the new rights that the Emperor was trying to take back.
447:
turning it into the tribune of the national movement for the decades to follow. Tõnisson supported nationalism, that would stand on strong moral grounds and would not seek to conquer other nations. In his mind, a nation would have to grow strong in spirit.
668:
forces on 4 December 1917 for organizing a pro-Provincial
Assembly meeting in Tartu. He was forced out of the country on 8 December. The Council of Elders of the assembly came together underground and decided to make him an Estonian delegate to
799:. Tõnisson himself however remained popular and despite the few seats in the Riigikogu, the Estonian People's Party was a coalition member in nine of the twelve cabinets between 1920 and 1932. A prominent member of the People's Party,
4853:
656:
and declared the assembly to be the highest legitimate power in
Estonia. In a speech in the parliament, Tõnisson emphasized the situation of anarchy in Russia and supported the declaration, that eventually turned into a successful
340:
regime and, like most senior
Estonian politicians at the time, was either executed or died in Soviet captivity soon afterwards. Tõnisson was still alive in June 1941, when he is known to have been imprisoned, and interrogated, in
1028:
Tõnisson's moral views and honorable death inspired Estonians for decades to symbolically resist the Soviet regime and to eventually regain independence from the Soviet Union in 1991. A memorial to Tõnisson was erected in
755:
became the first countries to recognize each other's independence. Several countries at Russia's border and also in the West reacted negatively on Estonia's decision to sign peace with Soviet Russia. In December 1920,
528:(Kadets) of Russia, with minor differences in agricultural and nationality issues. It was seen as having moderate policies for not supporting the revolution, but still wanted ethnic Estonians to have equal rights with
648:, that eventually involved into supporting total secession from Russia. However, in late autumn 1917, Tõnisson was among the first Estonian politicians, who started demanding full independence for Estonia. After the
911:
455:, paying special attention to the joint activities, such as the establishing of the first agricultural co-operatives in Estonia, also the Estonian Loan and Savings Society was founded after his initiative.
443:. With the help of Tõnisson, the "Tartu Renaissance", a period when Estonians sought to weaken Russification, began. In 1896, Tõnisson, along with several of his closest associates, bought the newspaper
882:
led to a total decline in his personal popularity, though the policies would help the state out of the crisis. In a referendum in 1933, the voters adopted a new constitution which reduced the powers of
4848:
4788:
589:
initiated the creation of Northern Baltic Committee for the protection of war refugees. Tõnisson serves as chairman of the committee until 1917, hoping to get closer to administrative power.
3119:
4753:
2801:
4873:
4858:
4843:
4798:
1107:
4868:
4793:
4763:
616:. In the debates about the autonomy, Tõnisson supported the current division of Estonia with two governorates, only with autonomy for each. Konstantin Päts's idea of a single
410:, a group which played an important role in the national movement in the late 19th and early 20th century. Tõnisson became the chairman of the society, acquainting him with
4066:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4778:
345:. The exact date and location of his death and place of burial remain unknown. According to circumstantial evidence, Tõnisson was most probably executed by the Soviet
4546:
3803:
4758:
3166:
2842:
4878:
3534:
871:
Due to economical differences, the National Centre Party had left the governing coalition and Jaan Tõnisson formed his fourth cabinet on 18 May 1933. The refounded
1012:
864:
brought the National Centre Party 23 of the 101 seats in the Riigikogu, making it the second biggest party in the parliament. Tõnisson then served again as the
333:
4335:
3112:
732:. In the elections of the Constituent Assembly in spring 1919, the centre-right (conservative-liberal) People's Party took 25 of the 120 seats, fewer than the
2794:
1945:
752:
733:
4656:
4463:
4179:
3891:
3628:
3213:
2926:
690:
775:
A new head of government was hard to find. Members of the Labour Party failed in the attempt to find support and another member of the People's Party,
701:
From 12 November 1918, Tõnisson served as Minister without portfolio and from 27 November 1918 to 9 May 1919 as Minister plenipotentiary abroad of the
543:
In December 1905, Tõnisson organised the gathering of Estonian representatives in Tartu. Soon after its first meeting, many representatives supported
4783:
3105:
430:
policy had closed several Estonian organizations and prominent students, including Jaan Tõnisson, started speaking up, finding support among ethnic
1409:
2787:
1428:
812:
748:
1568:
2355:
1606:
1549:
4833:
4599:
4394:
4236:
4059:
3948:
3685:
3307:
2983:
2346:
1587:
1509:
1490:
1471:
1217:
838:
686:
740:. The shape of the new republic was to be determined by parties of the left and parties of the centre, including Tõnisson's People's Party.
4743:
4678:
4485:
4217:
3929:
3666:
3257:
2964:
1838:
946:
924:
861:
830:
796:
792:
788:
784:
4539:
3796:
846:
4382:
783:
The Estonian People's Party quickly lost its popularity and became one of the smallest parties in the parliament, getting only 10 in the
4863:
4838:
4773:
4659:
4466:
4255:
3967:
3704:
3527:
3326:
3008:
1657:
826:. It was another wide coalition with the Labour Party, Settlers' party and Farmers' Assemblies. The government fell on 4 December 1928.
520:– Estonian Progressive People's Party) together with Villem Reiman. The party supported improving the nationalist and liberal ideas and
1623:
747:. Already on the next day, the government decided, that Estonia would start peace negotiations with Russia and on 2 February 1920, the
4828:
850:
3844:
3575:
4748:
1633:
622:
617:
551:
4587:
4328:
540:. Unlike more radical political groups, the National Progress Party remained legal also after the Revolution had been forced down.
4113:
4768:
4052:
1938:
550:
In 1906, the National Progress Party saw great support and Tõnisson was among the four Estonian politicians to be elected to the
4532:
3789:
1071:
1064:
842:
702:
525:
270:
875:, that had again seceded from the Union of Settlers and Smallholders, was the only coalition partner for the People's Party.
602:
3520:
899:
in 1934. Päts also suspended the activities of both the political parties and the parliament (until the elections in 1938).
362:
1185:
4576:
1094:
968:
725:
407:
358:
310:
757:
4618:
4596:
4419:
4391:
4321:
4293:
4160:
4024:
3872:
3761:
3609:
3434:
3401:
3194:
3097:
3058:
2907:
2636:
2310:
2207:
961:
902:
With the changing situation in Estonia, Tõnisson became the leader of the democratic opposition. Although his newspaper
718:
714:
626:
1931:
931:), the lower chamber of the Riigikogu, where he continued fighting for the total restoration of democracy in Estonia.
508:
to widen the rights of Estonians, establishing the first Estonian political party – Estonian National Progress Party (
382:
326:
2779:
1057:
1050:
1043:
729:
483:
265:
3813:
3769:
3544:
3129:
2691:
2594:
2547:
2404:
2363:
2339:
2146:
2003:
1962:
1711:
1684:
744:
674:
613:
318:
49:
580:, calling for disobedience, in protest against the dissolution of the State Duma. Tõnisson was removed from the
2454:
1954:
1406:
942:
Tõnisson made an attempt to organise the nomination of rival candidates to the communist ones in the July 1940
606:
411:
2934:
1277:
4187:
3861:
1087:
1078:
537:
1565:
673:
to find support for Estonian independence, or at least for its autonomy. Tõnisson and other members of the
4556:
4345:
4263:
4088:
4076:
4032:
3512:
1765:
1738:
1425:
950:
374:
230:
4313:
1603:
1546:
768:). Through British mediation, the conflict was resolved and Valga was divided between the two countries.
4697:
4637:
4568:
4504:
4438:
4357:
4274:
4198:
4141:
4122:
4005:
3986:
3910:
3853:
3825:
3742:
3723:
3647:
3584:
3556:
3492:
3467:
3445:
3420:
3382:
3357:
3276:
3238:
3175:
3141:
3077:
3039:
2945:
2876:
2851:
2823:
1813:
1790:
1677:
1584:
1506:
1487:
1468:
737:
72:
4044:
652:, local communists disbanded the Provincial Assembly. On 28 November 1917, most of its members met in
4738:
4733:
4013:
3781:
2332:
2284:
2266:
2193:
888:
521:
386:
3956:
3636:
1902:
1885:
837:'s cabinet. During the early 1930s, the political climate in Estonia changed. In October 1931, the
601:, Estonians quickly reacted and gained the rights to autonomy and to form a national army from the
598:
555:
397:
286:
4524:
2279:
3047:
1528:
649:
452:
4348:
3592:
3409:
3284:
3132:
2991:
2891:
2814:
2584:
2565:
2559:
2537:
2527:
2512:
2477:
2467:
2412:
2375:
2199:
2183:
2164:
2158:
2136:
2126:
2111:
2076:
2066:
2011:
1974:
1858:
1775:
1758:
892:
872:
834:
706:
487:
459:
198:
186:
3693:
1629:
1213:
1130:
1021:
mystery. The most credible speculation about his death centres on Tõnisson being shot dead in
505:
498:
4667:
4607:
4512:
4452:
4402:
4371:
4365:
4244:
2659:
2289:
2241:
953:
in Estonia. The Soviet occupation regime removed all opposition candidates from the ballot.
879:
402:
462:
founded the second Estonian daily newspaper, starting a political rivalry not only between
3899:
3227:
3023:
2652:
2234:
1432:
1189:
908:
had been expropriated in 1933, it did not keep Tõnisson from promoting democratic ideals.
808:
561:
370:
366:
226:
4168:
4130:
3880:
3617:
3202:
2753:
2487:
2086:
800:
2393:
1992:
682:, though several Estonian delegates eventually gathered in Stockholm. On 16 March 1918,
4645:
4408:
3918:
3750:
3712:
3390:
3183:
2972:
2811:
2768:
2700:
2614:
2609:
2603:
2522:
2507:
2482:
2424:
2220:
2121:
2106:
2081:
2023:
1206:
841:
merged into the Estonian People's Party which joined with the Labour Party to form the
761:
653:
533:
491:
378:
234:
4727:
4206:
4149:
3975:
3296:
3289:
2859:
2758:
2718:
2673:
2666:
2255:
2248:
1610:
1591:
1572:
1553:
1513:
1494:
1475:
1413:
916:
427:
1910:
678:
French ambassadors to find support for Estonian independence, but was later sent to
4705:
4626:
4474:
4427:
4301:
4282:
4102:
3833:
3564:
3066:
2748:
2728:
2517:
2492:
2274:
2116:
2091:
1731:
854:
760:
deteriorated, when Estonia forced Latvian administration out of the border town of
645:
544:
151:
3481:
2723:
2707:
2324:
822:
Jaan Tõnisson formed his third cabinet on 9 December 1927, for the first time as
4446:
4225:
3994:
3731:
3371:
3365:
3315:
2763:
2743:
2738:
2576:
2175:
2053:
1848:
1831:
1182:
823:
804:
609:
586:
501:
322:
128:
32:
845:
in early 1932. Three major parties had emerged in the Riigikogu, the left-wing
3655:
3334:
3265:
3246:
3149:
2996:
2953:
2915:
2831:
2680:
2645:
2502:
2472:
2417:
2380:
2294:
2227:
2101:
2071:
2016:
1979:
1875:
1748:
679:
281:
163:
4686:
3221:
2733:
2713:
2625:
2462:
2444:
2061:
2043:
1923:
1892:
1865:
1721:
1004:
998:
992:
986:
980:
974:
943:
904:
896:
884:
865:
853:. Päts's cabinet resigned, but Tõnisson remained in the same office also in
816:
670:
665:
464:
439:
431:
119:
815:
from 1924 to 1925. From 7 June 1923 to 27 May 1925, Tõnisson served as the
16:
Estonian statesman, prime minister (1919–20), head of state (1927–28, 1933)
829:
Tõnisson returned to big politics on 12 February 1931, when he became the
504:
was forced to give citizens certain political freedoms. Tõnisson used the
3937:
3674:
3341:
2434:
2033:
1704:
1694:
776:
751:
was signed, ending the War of Independence. With the treaty, Estonia and
573:
On 23 June 1906, Tõnisson and 177 other members of the State Duma signed
529:
393:
107:
84:
1353:
1351:
1314:
1312:
1025:
during the first days of July in 1941. His place of burial is unknown.
1022:
710:
689:
agreed to meet the delegates, but did not grant any support. After the
470:
392:
Tõnisson studied in the parish school and later also in high school of
342:
314:
1287:
1285:
1255:
1253:
935:
683:
575:
337:
325:(head of state and government) from 1927 to 1928 and in 1933, and as
4854:
Recipients of the Military Order of the Cross of the Eagle, Class I
437:
In 1893, Tõnisson became the editor of the largest Estonian daily,
1030:
910:
765:
560:
1208:
Eastern Europe: an introduction to the people, lands, and culture
728:, Tõnisson had yet again transformed his party, this time to the
482:
While Tõnisson did not approve of Estonians participating in the
346:
4528:
4317:
4048:
3785:
3516:
3101:
2783:
2328:
1927:
1914:
1010:
565:
Tõnisson, sentenced to three months in prison for signing the
693:
had ended, Tõnisson returned to Estonia on 16 November 1918.
849:, the center-right National Centre Party and the right-wing
633:) in 1917. His party, renamed to Estonian Democratic Party (
569:, goes to the sauna before being remanded to prison in 1908.
612:, who however could not promise autonomy and said that the
895:
was able to consolidate his control of the state after a
709:. Tõnisson's offices sent him abroad again, this time to
1652:
1523:
1521:
1507:
Vabariigi Valitsus 16 December 1924 – 15 December 1925
1458:; Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus, Tallinn, 2002; p. 208
1446:; Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus, Tallinn, 2002; p. 210
1396:; Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus, Tallinn, 2002; p. 180
1384:; Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus, Tallinn, 2002; p. 172
1372:; Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus, Tallinn, 2002; p. 166
1360:; Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus, Tallinn, 2002; p. 162
1345:; Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus, Tallinn, 2002; p. 151
1333:; Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus, Tallinn, 2002; p. 150
1321:; Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus, Tallinn, 2002; p. 149
406:). While at university, he joined the young fraternal
1306:; Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus, Tallinn, 2002; p. 69
1294:; Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus, Tallinn, 2002; p. 60
1262:; Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus, Tallinn, 2002; p. 55
1247:; Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus, Tallinn, 2002; p. 27
1235:; Eesti Entsüklopeediakirjastus, Tallinn, 2002; p. 32
717:. He was also part of the Estonian delegation at the
4849:
Recipients of the Order of the White Star, 1st Class
1660:
at the President of the Republic of Estonia website
4789:
Members of the 1st State Duma of the Russian Empire
4696:
4677:
4655:
4636:
4617:
4595:
4567:
4503:
4484:
4462:
4437:
4418:
4390:
4356:
4292:
4273:
4254:
4235:
4216:
4197:
4178:
4159:
4140:
4121:
4087:
4023:
4004:
3985:
3966:
3947:
3928:
3909:
3890:
3871:
3852:
3824:
3760:
3741:
3722:
3703:
3684:
3665:
3646:
3627:
3608:
3583:
3555:
3491:
3466:
3444:
3419:
3400:
3381:
3356:
3325:
3306:
3275:
3256:
3237:
3212:
3193:
3174:
3140:
3076:
3057:
3038:
3007:
2982:
2963:
2944:
2925:
2906:
2875:
2850:
2822:
2690:
2635:
2593:
2575:
2546:
2453:
2403:
2362:
2265:
2206:
2192:
2174:
2145:
2052:
2002:
1961:
857:'s cabinet until it also resigned on 19 July 1932.
554:in 1906, where he joined the Autonomist-Federalist
396:. He went on to study at the Faculty of Law of the
292:
280:
256:
248:
240:
213:
208:
192:
180:
157:
145:
125:
113:
101:
78:
66:
46:
23:
1585:Vabariigi Valitsus 19 February 1932 – 19 July 1932
1469:Vabariigi Valitsus 18 November 1919 – 28 July 1920
1205:
1488:Vabariigi Valitsus 30 July 1920 – 26 October 1920
927:, Tõnisson was re-elected to the State Assembly (
1604:Vabariigi Valitsus 18 May 1933 – 21 October 1933
1566:Vabariigi Valitsus 12.02.1931 – 19 February 1932
451:Tõnisson also fought for the development of the
414:, leader of the national movement of that time.
4754:Russian Constitutional Democratic Party members
1426:Ajutine valitsus 27 November 1918 – 09.05.1919
1407:Ajutine Valitsus 12.11.1918 – 27 November 1918
878:Decisions of Tõnisson's government during the
4540:
4329:
4060:
3797:
3528:
3113:
2795:
2340:
1939:
1272:
1270:
1268:
8:
4874:Estonian people who died in Soviet detention
4859:Grand Crosses of the Order of the White Lion
4844:Recipients of the Cross of Liberty (Estonia)
4799:Members of the Estonian Constituent Assembly
1199:
1197:
753:Russian Soviet Federative Socialist Republic
625:was created and Tõnisson was elected to the
4869:Enforced disappearances in the Soviet Union
4794:Members of the Estonian Provincial Assembly
4764:National Centre Party (Estonia) politicians
915:Jaan Tõnisson (left) with Estonian General
400:, graduating in 1892 with a degree in law (
357:Tõnisson was born on 22 December [
336:in June 1940, Tõnisson was arrested by the
313:10 December] 1868 – 1941?) was an
4547:
4533:
4525:
4336:
4322:
4314:
4067:
4053:
4045:
3804:
3790:
3782:
3535:
3521:
3513:
3120:
3106:
3098:
2802:
2788:
2780:
2347:
2333:
2325:
1946:
1932:
1924:
1911:
1666:
1547:Vabariigi Valitsus 09.12.1927 – 04.12.1928
644:At first, Tõnisson proposed the idea of a
141:9 December 1927 – 4 December 1928
31:
20:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1172:
1170:
743:On 18 November 1919, Tõnisson became the
734:Estonian Social Democratic Workers' Party
713:to seek weaponry and loans in the coming
334:Soviet invasion and occupation of Estonia
1168:
1166:
1164:
1162:
1160:
1158:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1150:
772:failed to find a new coalition partner.
62:18 November 1919 – 28 July 1920
4779:Ministers of foreign affairs of Estonia
1146:
1119:
664:Subsequently, Tõnisson was arrested by
97:30 July 1920 – 26 October 1920
4879:Prisoners who died in Soviet detention
1839:Minister of Foreign Affairs of Estonia
261:Progressive People's Party (1905–1917)
176:18 May 1933 – 21 October 1933
2852:Minister of Agriculture and Nutrition
1129:
7:
3468:Minister of Swedish-minority Affairs
3446:Minister of Russian-minority Affairs
866:President (speaker) of the Riigikogu
817:President (speaker) of the Riigikogu
296:lawyer, newspaper editor, politician
4824:Members of the Riigikogu, 1932–1934
4819:Members of the Riigikogu, 1929–1932
4814:Members of the Riigikogu, 1926–1929
4809:Members of the Riigikogu, 1923–1926
4804:Members of the Riigikogu, 1920–1923
4759:Estonian People's Party politicians
3421:Minister of German-minority Affairs
605:. In March 1917, Tõnisson met with
1183:Poliitik ja aatemees Jaan Tõnisson
868:from 19 July 1932 to 18 May 1933.
851:Union of Settlers and Smallholders
524:. The platform was similar to the
14:
4142:Minister of Commerce and Industry
3854:Minister of Commerce and Industry
3585:Minister of Commerce and Industry
3277:Minister of Industry and Commerce
1916:Articles related to Jaan Tõnisson
891:. As a result, the head of state
847:Estonian Socialist Workers' Party
623:Autonomous Governorate of Estonia
618:Autonomous Governorate of Estonia
4586:
4381:
4112:
3843:
3574:
3165:
2841:
2392:
1991:
1625:Historical Dictionary of Estonia
389:ideas already in his childhood.
361:10 December] 1868 near
4784:Government ministers of Estonia
3493:Minister Plenipotentiary Abroad
1814:Minister plenipotentiary abroad
1072:Order of the Cross of the Eagle
1065:Order of the Estonian Red Cross
703:Estonian Provisional Government
641:), achieved 7 of the 55 seats.
526:Constitutional Democratic Party
349:in the beginning of July 1941.
4256:Minister of Labour and Welfare
3968:Minister of Labour and Welfare
3705:Minister of Labour and Welfare
3327:Minister of Labour and Welfare
3009:Minister of Labour and Welfare
2356:Heads of government of Estonia
1108:List of people who disappeared
956:Membership in the parliament:
795:and 9 of the 101 seats in the
603:Russian Provisional Government
321:twice during 1919 to 1920, as
1:
4577:Johannes-Friedrich Zimmermann
1622:Miljan, Toivo (21 May 2015).
1095:Royal Order of the Polar Star
969:Estonian Constituent Assembly
887:, and increased those of the
726:Estonian Constituent Assembly
4834:Members of the Riigivolikogu
4237:Minister of Internal Affairs
3949:Minister of Internal Affairs
3686:Minister of Internal Affairs
3435:Hermann Georg Willibald Koch
3308:Minister of Internal Affairs
2984:Minister of Internal Affairs
2551:in Duties of the State Elder
2150:in Duties of the State Elder
1628:. Rowman & Littlefield.
1005:VI Riigikogu – Riigivolikogu
962:Estonian Provincial Assembly
691:German Occupation of Estonia
627:Estonian Provincial Assembly
518:Eesti Rahvameelne Eduerakond
263:Democratic Party (1917–1919)
244:presumably 1941 (aged 72–73)
4744:People from Viljandi Parish
4679:Minister of Foreign Affairs
4486:Minister of Foreign Affairs
4218:Minister of Foreign Affairs
3930:Minister of Foreign Affairs
3667:Minister of Foreign Affairs
3258:Minister of Foreign Affairs
3128:3rd Provisional Cabinet of
2965:Minister of Foreign Affairs
2810:2nd Provisional Cabinet of
2367:of the Council of Ministers
1966:of the Council of Ministers
1204:Frucht, Richard C. (2005).
831:Minister of Foreign Affairs
687:Minister of Foreign Affairs
675:Russian Provincial Assembly
614:Russian Provincial Assembly
383:Estonian national awakening
327:Foreign Minister of Estonia
4895:
4864:1940s missing person cases
4839:University of Tartu alumni
4774:Prime ministers of Estonia
4110:
3841:
3572:
3163:
3078:Minister without portfolio
2839:
2211:in Duties of the President
1893:President of the Riigikogu
1866:President of the Riigikogu
1791:Minister without portfolio
1456:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa
1444:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa
1394:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa
1382:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa
1370:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa
1358:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa
1343:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa
1331:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa
1319:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa
1304:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa
1292:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa
1278:Eesti olulisemad erakonnad
1260:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa
1245:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa
1233:XX sajandi kroonika, I osa
1086:1932 – Grand Cross of the
635:Eesti Demokraatlik Erakond
536:and wanted Russia to be a
510:Eesti Rahvuslik Eduerakond
497:Following the revolution,
408:Estonian Students' Society
317:statesman, serving as the
4829:Speakers of the Riigikogu
4584:
4379:
2389:
2303:
1988:
1955:Heads of State of Estonia
1921:
1899:
1890:
1882:
1872:
1863:
1855:
1845:
1836:
1828:
1820:
1811:
1805:
1797:
1788:
1782:
1772:
1763:
1755:
1745:
1736:
1728:
1718:
1712:Prime Minister of Estonia
1709:
1701:
1691:
1685:Prime Minister of Estonia
1682:
1674:
1669:
745:Prime Minister of Estonia
724:For the elections to the
319:Prime Minister of Estonia
300:
204:
169:
134:
90:
55:
50:Prime Minister of Estonia
42:
30:
4749:People from Kreis Fellin
2637:Prime ministers in exile
1212:. ABC-CLIO. p. 74.
1131:[ˈjɑːnˈtɤnisːon]
880:financial crisis in 1932
839:Christian People's Party
607:Prime Minister of Russia
381:. He grew up during the
4769:State Elders of Estonia
4569:Minister of Agriculture
4358:Minister of Agriculture
4123:Minister of Agriculture
3862:Oskar Johannes Wirkhaus
3826:Minister of Agriculture
3557:Minister of Agriculture
3176:Minister of Agriculture
1653:Jaan Tõnisson Institute
1127:Estonian pronunciation:
1088:Order of the White Lion
1079:Order of the White Star
730:Estonian People's Party
646:Scandinavian superstate
538:constitutional monarchy
309:(22 December [
266:Estonian People's Party
4264:Karl-Johannes Soonberg
3459:Aleksei Sorokin (1919)
1766:State Elder of Estonia
1739:State Elder of Estonia
1431:13 August 2011 at the
920:
813:Communist coup attempt
719:Paris Peace Conference
570:
478:Early political career
375:Governorate of Livonia
231:Governorate of Livonia
129:State Elder of Estonia
4657:Minister of Education
4464:Minister of Education
4180:Minister of Education
3987:Minister of Nutrition
3892:Minister of Education
3724:Minister of Nutrition
3629:Minister of Education
3358:Minister of Nutrition
3214:Minister of Education
3184:Otto August Strandman
3142:Deputy Prime Minister
2973:Otto August Strandman
2935:Peeter Siegfried Põld
2927:Minister of Education
2824:Deputy Prime Minister
2307:later Soviet prisoner
1678:Otto August Strandman
1602:Vabariigi Valitsus –
1590:27 September 2011 at
1583:Vabariigi Valitsus –
1571:27 September 2011 at
1552:27 September 2011 at
1545:Vabariigi Valitsus –
1512:27 September 2011 at
1493:27 September 2011 at
1486:Vabariigi Valitsus –
1474:27 September 2011 at
1467:Vabariigi Valitsus –
1424:Vabariigi Valitsus –
1405:Vabariigi Valitsus –
914:
843:National Centre Party
758:relations with Latvia
564:
522:constitutional rights
271:National Centre Party
73:Otto August Strandman
4600:and Internal Affairs
4395:and Internal Affairs
4188:Alfred Julius Mõttus
3287:(1918–1919) (deputy
2877:Minister of Commerce
1188:13 June 2011 at the
1097:(Sweden) Grand Cross
949:of the new "Soviet"
923:The semi-democratic
385:, being inspired by
4638:Minister of Economy
4619:Minister of Defence
4439:Minister of Economy
4420:Minister of Defence
4199:Minister of Finance
4033:Aleksander Tõnisson
3957:Karl August Einbund
3911:Minister of Finance
3648:Minister of Finance
3637:Konstantin Treffner
3239:Minister of Finance
2946:Minister of Finance
2311:Government in exile
1903:Karl August Einbund
1886:Karl August Einbund
1564:Vabariigi Valitsus
1529:"Riigikogu juhatus"
1505:Vabariigi Valitsus
715:War of Independence
599:February Revolution
398:University of Tartu
373:, then part of the
329:from 1931 to 1932.
287:University of Tartu
4660:and Social Affairs
4467:and Social Affairs
4089:Deputy State Elder
3048:Ferdinand Peterson
1670:Political offices
921:
811:cabinet after the
749:Tartu Peace Treaty
650:October Revolution
571:
484:Revolution of 1905
4721:
4720:
4715:
4714:
4698:Minister of Roads
4597:Minister of Court
4522:
4521:
4505:Minister of Roads
4392:Minister of Court
4311:
4310:
4275:Minister of Roads
4161:Minister of Court
4042:
4041:
4014:Aleksander Bürger
4006:Minister of Roads
3873:Minister of Court
3779:
3778:
3743:Minister of Roads
3694:Aleksander Hellat
3610:Minister of Court
3510:
3509:
3383:Minister of Roads
3195:Minister of Court
3095:
3094:
3040:Minister of Roads
2908:Minister of Court
2777:
2776:
2552:
2368:
2322:
2321:
1909:
1908:
1900:Succeeded by
1873:Succeeded by
1846:Succeeded by
1821:Succeeded by
1798:Succeeded by
1773:Succeeded by
1746:Succeeded by
1719:Succeeded by
1692:Succeeded by
1609:23 March 2012 at
1412:15 March 2012 at
1219:978-1-57607-800-6
951:puppet parliament
925:elections of 1938
506:October Manifesto
423:National movement
304:
303:
276:
4886:
4668:Konstantin Konik
4608:Vladimir Rooberg
4590:
4549:
4542:
4535:
4526:
4513:Aleksander Oinas
4385:
4338:
4331:
4324:
4315:
4116:
4069:
4062:
4055:
4046:
3847:
3806:
3799:
3792:
3783:
3578:
3537:
3530:
3523:
3514:
3169:
3122:
3115:
3108:
3099:
2845:
2804:
2797:
2790:
2781:
2577:President-Regent
2550:
2397:
2396:
2366:
2349:
2342:
2335:
2326:
2212:
2176:President-Regent
2151:
1996:
1995:
1967:
1948:
1941:
1934:
1925:
1912:
1883:Preceded by
1856:Preceded by
1829:Preceded by
1806:Preceded by
1783:Preceded by
1756:Preceded by
1729:Preceded by
1702:Preceded by
1675:Preceded by
1667:
1663:
1640:
1639:
1619:
1613:
1600:
1594:
1581:
1575:
1562:
1556:
1543:
1537:
1536:
1525:
1516:
1503:
1497:
1484:
1478:
1465:
1459:
1453:
1447:
1441:
1435:
1422:
1416:
1403:
1397:
1391:
1385:
1379:
1373:
1367:
1361:
1355:
1346:
1340:
1334:
1328:
1322:
1316:
1307:
1301:
1295:
1289:
1280:
1274:
1263:
1257:
1248:
1242:
1236:
1230:
1224:
1223:
1211:
1201:
1192:
1180:
1134:
1133:
1128:
1124:
1090:(Czechoslovakia)
1058:Cross of Liberty
1051:Cross of Liberty
1044:Cross of Liberty
736:(ESDTP) and the
552:First State Duma
453:Estonian economy
403:candidatus juris
260:
224:22 December 1868
223:
221:
209:Personal details
195:
183:
174:
160:
148:
139:
116:
104:
95:
81:
69:
60:
37:Tõnisson in 1928
35:
21:
4894:
4893:
4889:
4888:
4887:
4885:
4884:
4883:
4724:
4723:
4722:
4717:
4716:
4711:
4692:
4673:
4651:
4632:
4613:
4591:
4582:
4563:
4555:4th Cabinet of
4553:
4523:
4518:
4499:
4480:
4458:
4433:
4414:
4386:
4377:
4352:
4349:Konstantin Päts
4344:3rd Cabinet of
4342:
4312:
4307:
4294:Minister of War
4288:
4269:
4250:
4231:
4212:
4193:
4174:
4155:
4136:
4117:
4108:
4083:
4075:3rd Cabinet of
4073:
4043:
4038:
4025:Minister of War
4019:
4000:
3981:
3962:
3943:
3924:
3905:
3900:Friedrich Sauer
3886:
3867:
3848:
3839:
3820:
3812:2nd Cabinet of
3810:
3780:
3775:
3762:Minister of War
3756:
3737:
3718:
3699:
3680:
3661:
3642:
3623:
3604:
3593:Nikolai Köstner
3579:
3570:
3551:
3543:1st Cabinet of
3541:
3511:
3506:
3487:
3462:
3440:
3415:
3410:Konstantin Päts
3402:Minister of War
3396:
3377:
3352:
3321:
3302:
3285:Nikolai Köstner
3271:
3252:
3233:
3228:Harald Laksberg
3208:
3189:
3170:
3161:
3136:
3133:Konstantin Päts
3126:
3096:
3091:
3072:
3059:Minister of War
3053:
3034:
3024:Aleksander Tulp
3003:
2994:(1918) (deputy
2992:Konstantin Päts
2978:
2959:
2940:
2921:
2902:
2892:Nikolai Köstner
2871:
2846:
2837:
2818:
2815:Konstantin Päts
2808:
2778:
2773:
2692:Prime ministers
2686:
2631:
2595:Prime ministers
2589:
2571:
2549:
2542:
2449:
2405:Prime ministers
2399:
2398:
2391:
2387:
2365:
2358:
2353:
2323:
2318:
2315:President-elect
2299:
2261:
2210:
2209:
2208:Prime Ministers
2202:
2188:
2170:
2149:
2148:
2141:
2048:
2004:Prime Ministers
1998:
1997:
1990:
1986:
1965:
1964:
1957:
1952:
1917:
1905:
1896:
1888:
1878:
1869:
1861:
1859:Konstantin Päts
1851:
1842:
1834:
1824:
1817:
1809:
1801:
1794:
1786:
1778:
1776:Konstantin Päts
1769:
1761:
1759:Konstantin Päts
1751:
1742:
1734:
1724:
1715:
1707:
1697:
1688:
1680:
1661:
1649:
1644:
1643:
1636:
1621:
1620:
1616:
1601:
1597:
1582:
1578:
1563:
1559:
1544:
1540:
1527:
1526:
1519:
1504:
1500:
1485:
1481:
1466:
1462:
1454:
1450:
1442:
1438:
1433:Wayback Machine
1423:
1419:
1404:
1400:
1392:
1388:
1380:
1376:
1368:
1364:
1356:
1349:
1341:
1337:
1329:
1325:
1317:
1310:
1302:
1298:
1290:
1283:
1275:
1266:
1258:
1251:
1243:
1239:
1231:
1227:
1220:
1203:
1202:
1195:
1190:Wayback Machine
1181:
1148:
1143:
1138:
1137:
1126:
1125:
1121:
1116:
1104:
1039:
1018:
1013:
1011:
997:1932–1934/1937
893:Konstantin Päts
873:Settlers' Party
835:Konstantin Päts
809:grand coalition
707:Konstantin Päts
699:
595:
488:Konstantin Päts
480:
460:Konstantin Päts
425:
420:
371:Viljandi County
367:Viiratsi Parish
355:
274:
269:
264:
262:
257:Political party
227:Viiratsi Parish
225:
219:
217:
199:Konstantin Päts
193:
187:Konstantin Päts
181:
175:
170:
158:
146:
140:
135:
127:
114:
102:
96:
91:
79:
67:
61:
56:
48:
38:
26:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4892:
4890:
4882:
4881:
4876:
4871:
4866:
4861:
4856:
4851:
4846:
4841:
4836:
4831:
4826:
4821:
4816:
4811:
4806:
4801:
4796:
4791:
4786:
4781:
4776:
4771:
4766:
4761:
4756:
4751:
4746:
4741:
4736:
4726:
4725:
4719:
4718:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4702:
4700:
4694:
4693:
4691:
4690:
4683:
4681:
4675:
4674:
4672:
4671:
4664:
4662:
4653:
4652:
4650:
4649:
4646:Peeter Kurvits
4642:
4640:
4634:
4633:
4631:
4630:
4623:
4621:
4615:
4614:
4612:
4611:
4604:
4602:
4593:
4592:
4585:
4583:
4581:
4580:
4573:
4571:
4565:
4564:
4554:
4552:
4551:
4544:
4537:
4529:
4520:
4519:
4517:
4516:
4509:
4507:
4501:
4500:
4498:
4497:
4490:
4488:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4478:
4471:
4469:
4460:
4459:
4457:
4456:
4450:
4443:
4441:
4435:
4434:
4432:
4431:
4424:
4422:
4416:
4415:
4413:
4412:
4409:Johan Reinhold
4406:
4399:
4397:
4388:
4387:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4369:
4362:
4360:
4354:
4353:
4343:
4341:
4340:
4333:
4326:
4318:
4309:
4308:
4306:
4305:
4298:
4296:
4290:
4289:
4287:
4286:
4279:
4277:
4271:
4270:
4268:
4267:
4260:
4258:
4252:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4241:
4239:
4233:
4232:
4230:
4229:
4222:
4220:
4214:
4213:
4211:
4210:
4203:
4201:
4195:
4194:
4192:
4191:
4184:
4182:
4176:
4175:
4173:
4172:
4165:
4163:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4153:
4146:
4144:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4134:
4127:
4125:
4119:
4118:
4111:
4109:
4107:
4106:
4100:
4093:
4091:
4085:
4084:
4074:
4072:
4071:
4064:
4057:
4049:
4040:
4039:
4037:
4036:
4029:
4027:
4021:
4020:
4018:
4017:
4010:
4008:
4002:
4001:
3999:
3998:
3991:
3989:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3972:
3970:
3964:
3963:
3961:
3960:
3953:
3951:
3945:
3944:
3942:
3941:
3934:
3932:
3926:
3925:
3923:
3922:
3915:
3913:
3907:
3906:
3904:
3903:
3896:
3894:
3888:
3887:
3885:
3884:
3877:
3875:
3869:
3868:
3866:
3865:
3858:
3856:
3850:
3849:
3842:
3840:
3838:
3837:
3830:
3828:
3822:
3821:
3814:Prime Minister
3811:
3809:
3808:
3801:
3794:
3786:
3777:
3776:
3774:
3773:
3766:
3764:
3758:
3757:
3755:
3754:
3747:
3745:
3739:
3738:
3736:
3735:
3728:
3726:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3716:
3713:Anton Palvadre
3709:
3707:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3697:
3690:
3688:
3682:
3681:
3679:
3678:
3671:
3669:
3663:
3662:
3660:
3659:
3652:
3650:
3644:
3643:
3641:
3640:
3633:
3631:
3625:
3624:
3622:
3621:
3614:
3612:
3606:
3605:
3603:
3602:
3596:
3589:
3587:
3581:
3580:
3573:
3571:
3569:
3568:
3561:
3559:
3553:
3552:
3545:Prime Minister
3542:
3540:
3539:
3532:
3525:
3517:
3508:
3507:
3505:
3504:
3497:
3495:
3489:
3488:
3486:
3485:
3479:
3472:
3470:
3464:
3463:
3461:
3460:
3457:
3450:
3448:
3442:
3441:
3439:
3438:
3432:
3425:
3423:
3417:
3416:
3414:
3413:
3406:
3404:
3398:
3397:
3395:
3394:
3387:
3385:
3379:
3378:
3376:
3375:
3369:
3362:
3360:
3354:
3353:
3351:
3350:
3338:
3331:
3329:
3323:
3322:
3320:
3319:
3312:
3310:
3304:
3303:
3301:
3300:
3294:
3281:
3279:
3273:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3262:
3260:
3254:
3253:
3251:
3250:
3243:
3241:
3235:
3234:
3232:
3231:
3225:
3218:
3216:
3210:
3209:
3207:
3206:
3199:
3197:
3191:
3190:
3188:
3187:
3180:
3178:
3172:
3171:
3164:
3162:
3160:
3159:
3153:
3146:
3144:
3138:
3137:
3130:Prime Minister
3127:
3125:
3124:
3117:
3110:
3102:
3093:
3092:
3090:
3089:
3082:
3080:
3074:
3073:
3071:
3070:
3063:
3061:
3055:
3054:
3052:
3051:
3044:
3042:
3036:
3035:
3033:
3032:
3020:
3013:
3011:
3005:
3004:
3002:
3001:
2988:
2986:
2980:
2979:
2977:
2976:
2969:
2967:
2961:
2960:
2958:
2957:
2950:
2948:
2942:
2941:
2939:
2938:
2931:
2929:
2923:
2922:
2920:
2919:
2912:
2910:
2904:
2903:
2901:
2900:
2888:
2881:
2879:
2873:
2872:
2870:
2869:
2863:
2856:
2854:
2848:
2847:
2840:
2838:
2836:
2835:
2828:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2812:Prime Minister
2809:
2807:
2806:
2799:
2792:
2784:
2775:
2774:
2772:
2771:
2766:
2761:
2756:
2751:
2746:
2741:
2736:
2731:
2726:
2721:
2716:
2711:
2704:
2696:
2694:
2688:
2687:
2685:
2684:
2677:
2670:
2663:
2656:
2649:
2641:
2639:
2633:
2632:
2630:
2629:
2622:
2617:
2612:
2607:
2599:
2597:
2591:
2590:
2588:
2587:
2581:
2579:
2573:
2572:
2570:
2569:
2562:
2556:
2554:
2548:Prime Minister
2544:
2543:
2541:
2540:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2520:
2515:
2510:
2505:
2500:
2495:
2490:
2485:
2480:
2475:
2470:
2465:
2459:
2457:
2451:
2450:
2448:
2447:
2442:
2437:
2432:
2427:
2422:
2409:
2407:
2401:
2400:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2385:
2372:
2370:
2360:
2359:
2354:
2352:
2351:
2344:
2337:
2329:
2320:
2319:
2317:
2316:
2313:
2308:
2304:
2301:
2300:
2298:
2297:
2292:
2287:
2282:
2277:
2271:
2269:
2263:
2262:
2260:
2259:
2252:
2245:
2238:
2231:
2224:
2216:
2214:
2204:
2203:
2198:
2196:
2190:
2189:
2187:
2186:
2180:
2178:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2168:
2161:
2155:
2153:
2147:Prime Minister
2143:
2142:
2140:
2139:
2134:
2129:
2124:
2119:
2114:
2109:
2104:
2099:
2094:
2089:
2084:
2079:
2074:
2069:
2064:
2058:
2056:
2050:
2049:
2047:
2046:
2041:
2036:
2031:
2026:
2021:
2008:
2006:
2000:
1999:
1989:
1987:
1985:
1984:
1971:
1969:
1959:
1958:
1953:
1951:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1928:
1922:
1919:
1918:
1915:
1907:
1906:
1901:
1898:
1889:
1884:
1880:
1879:
1874:
1871:
1862:
1857:
1853:
1852:
1847:
1844:
1835:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1822:
1819:
1810:
1807:
1803:
1802:
1799:
1796:
1787:
1784:
1780:
1779:
1774:
1771:
1762:
1757:
1753:
1752:
1747:
1744:
1735:
1730:
1726:
1725:
1720:
1717:
1708:
1703:
1699:
1698:
1693:
1690:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1671:
1665:
1664:
1655:
1648:
1647:External links
1645:
1642:
1641:
1634:
1614:
1595:
1576:
1557:
1538:
1517:
1498:
1479:
1460:
1448:
1436:
1417:
1398:
1386:
1374:
1362:
1347:
1335:
1323:
1308:
1296:
1281:
1276:Histrodamus –
1264:
1249:
1237:
1225:
1218:
1193:
1145:
1144:
1142:
1139:
1136:
1135:
1118:
1117:
1115:
1112:
1111:
1110:
1103:
1100:
1099:
1098:
1091:
1083:
1082:
1075:
1068:
1061:
1054:
1047:
1038:
1035:
1017:
1014:
1009:
1008:
1007:
1001:
995:
989:
983:
977:
971:
965:
885:the Parliament
862:1932 elections
797:1929 elections
793:1926 elections
789:1923 elections
785:1920 elections
698:
695:
654:Toompea Castle
597:Following the
594:
591:
534:Baltic Germans
492:Otto Strandman
479:
476:
424:
421:
419:
416:
412:Villem Reimann
379:Russian Empire
354:
351:
302:
301:
298:
297:
294:
290:
289:
284:
278:
277:
258:
254:
253:
250:
246:
245:
242:
238:
237:
235:Russian Empire
215:
211:
210:
206:
205:
202:
201:
196:
190:
189:
184:
178:
177:
167:
166:
161:
155:
154:
149:
143:
142:
132:
131:
123:
122:
117:
111:
110:
105:
99:
98:
88:
87:
82:
76:
75:
70:
64:
63:
53:
52:
44:
43:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4891:
4880:
4877:
4875:
4872:
4870:
4867:
4865:
4862:
4860:
4857:
4855:
4852:
4850:
4847:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4835:
4832:
4830:
4827:
4825:
4822:
4820:
4817:
4815:
4812:
4810:
4807:
4805:
4802:
4800:
4797:
4795:
4792:
4790:
4787:
4785:
4782:
4780:
4777:
4775:
4772:
4770:
4767:
4765:
4762:
4760:
4757:
4755:
4752:
4750:
4747:
4745:
4742:
4740:
4737:
4735:
4732:
4731:
4729:
4707:
4704:
4703:
4701:
4699:
4695:
4688:
4685:
4684:
4682:
4680:
4676:
4669:
4666:
4665:
4663:
4661:
4658:
4654:
4647:
4644:
4643:
4641:
4639:
4635:
4628:
4625:
4624:
4622:
4620:
4616:
4609:
4606:
4605:
4603:
4601:
4598:
4594:
4589:
4578:
4575:
4574:
4572:
4570:
4566:
4561:
4560:Jaan Tõnisson
4558:
4550:
4545:
4543:
4538:
4536:
4531:
4530:
4527:
4514:
4511:
4510:
4508:
4506:
4502:
4495:
4494:Jaan Tõnisson
4492:
4491:
4489:
4487:
4483:
4476:
4473:
4472:
4470:
4468:
4465:
4461:
4454:
4453:August Jürman
4451:
4448:
4445:
4444:
4442:
4440:
4436:
4429:
4426:
4425:
4423:
4421:
4417:
4410:
4407:
4404:
4403:Jaan Hünerson
4401:
4400:
4398:
4396:
4393:
4389:
4384:
4373:
4372:Jaan Hünerson
4370:
4367:
4366:August Jürman
4364:
4363:
4361:
4359:
4355:
4350:
4347:
4339:
4334:
4332:
4327:
4325:
4320:
4319:
4316:
4303:
4300:
4299:
4297:
4295:
4291:
4284:
4281:
4280:
4278:
4276:
4272:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4257:
4253:
4246:
4245:Jaan Hünerson
4243:
4242:
4240:
4238:
4234:
4227:
4224:
4223:
4221:
4219:
4215:
4208:
4207:Anton Teetsov
4205:
4204:
4202:
4200:
4196:
4189:
4186:
4185:
4183:
4181:
4177:
4170:
4167:
4166:
4164:
4162:
4158:
4151:
4150:Johan Holberg
4148:
4147:
4145:
4143:
4139:
4132:
4129:
4128:
4126:
4124:
4120:
4115:
4104:
4101:
4098:
4095:
4094:
4092:
4090:
4086:
4081:
4080:Jaan Tõnisson
4078:
4070:
4065:
4063:
4058:
4056:
4051:
4050:
4047:
4034:
4031:
4030:
4028:
4026:
4022:
4015:
4012:
4011:
4009:
4007:
4003:
3996:
3993:
3992:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3977:
3976:Adam Bachmann
3974:
3973:
3971:
3969:
3965:
3958:
3955:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3946:
3939:
3936:
3935:
3933:
3931:
3927:
3920:
3917:
3916:
3914:
3912:
3908:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3889:
3882:
3879:
3878:
3876:
3874:
3870:
3863:
3860:
3859:
3857:
3855:
3851:
3846:
3835:
3832:
3831:
3829:
3827:
3823:
3818:
3817:Jaan Tõnisson
3815:
3807:
3802:
3800:
3795:
3793:
3788:
3787:
3784:
3771:
3768:
3767:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3752:
3749:
3748:
3746:
3744:
3740:
3733:
3730:
3729:
3727:
3725:
3721:
3714:
3711:
3710:
3708:
3706:
3702:
3695:
3692:
3691:
3689:
3687:
3683:
3676:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3664:
3657:
3654:
3653:
3651:
3649:
3645:
3638:
3635:
3634:
3632:
3630:
3626:
3619:
3616:
3615:
3613:
3611:
3607:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3586:
3582:
3577:
3566:
3563:
3562:
3560:
3558:
3554:
3549:
3548:Jaan Tõnisson
3546:
3538:
3533:
3531:
3526:
3524:
3519:
3518:
3515:
3502:
3501:Jaan Tõnisson
3499:
3498:
3496:
3494:
3490:
3483:
3480:
3477:
3474:
3473:
3471:
3469:
3465:
3458:
3455:
3452:
3451:
3449:
3447:
3443:
3436:
3433:
3430:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3418:
3411:
3408:
3407:
3405:
3403:
3399:
3392:
3389:
3388:
3386:
3384:
3380:
3373:
3370:
3367:
3364:
3363:
3361:
3359:
3355:
3348:
3344:
3343:
3339:
3336:
3333:
3332:
3330:
3328:
3324:
3317:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3305:
3298:
3297:August Janson
3295:
3292:
3291:
3290:Voldemar Puhk
3286:
3283:
3282:
3280:
3278:
3274:
3267:
3264:
3263:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3248:
3245:
3244:
3242:
3240:
3236:
3229:
3226:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3217:
3215:
3211:
3204:
3201:
3200:
3198:
3196:
3192:
3185:
3182:
3181:
3179:
3177:
3173:
3168:
3157:
3154:
3151:
3148:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3139:
3134:
3131:
3123:
3118:
3116:
3111:
3109:
3104:
3103:
3100:
3087:
3086:Jaan Tõnisson
3084:
3083:
3081:
3079:
3075:
3068:
3065:
3064:
3062:
3060:
3056:
3049:
3046:
3045:
3043:
3041:
3037:
3030:
3026:
3025:
3021:
3018:
3015:
3014:
3012:
3010:
3006:
2999:
2998:
2993:
2990:
2989:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2974:
2971:
2970:
2968:
2966:
2962:
2955:
2952:
2951:
2949:
2947:
2943:
2936:
2933:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2924:
2917:
2914:
2913:
2911:
2909:
2905:
2898:
2894:
2893:
2889:
2886:
2883:
2882:
2880:
2878:
2874:
2867:
2864:
2861:
2860:Villem Maasik
2858:
2857:
2855:
2853:
2849:
2844:
2833:
2830:
2829:
2827:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2813:
2805:
2800:
2798:
2793:
2791:
2786:
2785:
2782:
2770:
2767:
2765:
2762:
2760:
2757:
2755:
2752:
2750:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2740:
2737:
2735:
2732:
2730:
2727:
2725:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:
2712:
2710:
2709:
2705:
2703:
2702:
2698:
2697:
2695:
2693:
2689:
2683:
2682:
2678:
2676:
2675:
2671:
2669:
2668:
2664:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2655:
2654:
2650:
2648:
2647:
2643:
2642:
2640:
2638:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2623:
2621:
2618:
2616:
2613:
2611:
2608:
2606:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2598:
2596:
2592:
2586:
2583:
2582:
2580:
2578:
2574:
2568:
2567:
2563:
2561:
2558:
2557:
2555:
2553:
2545:
2539:
2536:
2534:
2531:
2529:
2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:
2516:
2514:
2511:
2509:
2506:
2504:
2501:
2499:
2496:
2494:
2491:
2489:
2486:
2484:
2481:
2479:
2476:
2474:
2471:
2469:
2466:
2464:
2461:
2460:
2458:
2456:
2452:
2446:
2443:
2441:
2438:
2436:
2433:
2431:
2428:
2426:
2423:
2420:
2419:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2408:
2406:
2402:
2395:
2383:
2382:
2377:
2374:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2361:
2357:
2350:
2345:
2343:
2338:
2336:
2331:
2330:
2327:
2314:
2312:
2309:
2306:
2305:
2302:
2296:
2293:
2291:
2288:
2286:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2276:
2273:
2272:
2270:
2268:
2264:
2258:
2257:
2253:
2251:
2250:
2246:
2244:
2243:
2239:
2237:
2236:
2232:
2230:
2229:
2225:
2223:
2222:
2218:
2217:
2215:
2213:
2205:
2201:
2197:
2195:
2191:
2185:
2182:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2173:
2167:
2166:
2162:
2160:
2157:
2156:
2154:
2152:
2144:
2138:
2135:
2133:
2130:
2128:
2125:
2123:
2120:
2118:
2115:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2105:
2103:
2100:
2098:
2095:
2093:
2090:
2088:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2075:
2073:
2070:
2068:
2065:
2063:
2060:
2059:
2057:
2055:
2051:
2045:
2042:
2040:
2037:
2035:
2032:
2030:
2027:
2025:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2010:
2009:
2007:
2005:
2001:
1994:
1982:
1981:
1976:
1973:
1972:
1970:
1968:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1944:
1942:
1937:
1935:
1930:
1929:
1926:
1920:
1913:
1904:
1895:
1894:
1887:
1881:
1877:
1868:
1867:
1860:
1854:
1850:
1841:
1840:
1833:
1827:
1816:
1815:
1804:
1793:
1792:
1781:
1777:
1768:
1767:
1760:
1754:
1750:
1741:
1740:
1733:
1727:
1723:
1714:
1713:
1706:
1700:
1696:
1687:
1686:
1679:
1673:
1668:
1662:(in Estonian)
1659:
1658:Jaan Tõnisson
1656:
1654:
1651:
1650:
1646:
1637:
1635:9780810875135
1631:
1627:
1626:
1618:
1615:
1612:
1611:archive.today
1608:
1605:
1599:
1596:
1593:
1592:archive.today
1589:
1586:
1580:
1577:
1574:
1573:archive.today
1570:
1567:
1561:
1558:
1555:
1554:archive.today
1551:
1548:
1542:
1539:
1534:
1530:
1524:
1522:
1518:
1515:
1514:archive.today
1511:
1508:
1502:
1499:
1496:
1495:archive.today
1492:
1489:
1483:
1480:
1477:
1476:archive.today
1473:
1470:
1464:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1449:
1445:
1440:
1437:
1434:
1430:
1427:
1421:
1418:
1415:
1414:archive.today
1411:
1408:
1402:
1399:
1395:
1390:
1387:
1383:
1378:
1375:
1371:
1366:
1363:
1359:
1354:
1352:
1348:
1344:
1339:
1336:
1332:
1327:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1300:
1297:
1293:
1288:
1286:
1282:
1279:
1273:
1271:
1269:
1265:
1261:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1241:
1238:
1234:
1229:
1226:
1221:
1215:
1210:
1209:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1191:
1187:
1184:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
1171:
1169:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1161:
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1147:
1140:
1132:
1123:
1120:
1113:
1109:
1106:
1105:
1101:
1096:
1092:
1089:
1085:
1084:
1080:
1076:
1073:
1069:
1066:
1062:
1059:
1055:
1052:
1048:
1045:
1041:
1040:
1036:
1034:
1032:
1026:
1024:
1016:Disappearance
1015:
1006:
1002:
1000:
996:
994:
990:
988:
987:III Riigikogu
984:
982:
978:
976:
972:
970:
966:
963:
959:
958:
957:
954:
952:
948:
945:
940:
937:
932:
930:
929:Riigivolikogu
926:
918:
917:Gustav Jonson
913:
909:
907:
906:
900:
898:
894:
890:
886:
881:
876:
874:
869:
867:
863:
858:
856:
852:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
827:
825:
820:
818:
814:
810:
806:
802:
798:
794:
790:
786:
781:
778:
773:
769:
767:
763:
759:
754:
750:
746:
741:
739:
735:
731:
727:
722:
720:
716:
712:
708:
704:
696:
694:
692:
688:
685:
681:
676:
672:
667:
662:
660:
655:
651:
647:
642:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
619:
615:
611:
608:
604:
600:
592:
590:
588:
583:
579:
577:
568:
567:Vyborg Appeal
563:
559:
557:
553:
548:
546:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
515:
511:
507:
503:
500:
495:
493:
489:
485:
477:
475:
473:
472:
467:
466:
461:
456:
454:
449:
446:
442:
441:
435:
433:
429:
428:Russification
422:
417:
415:
413:
409:
405:
404:
399:
395:
390:
388:
384:
380:
376:
372:
368:
364:
360:
352:
350:
348:
344:
339:
335:
330:
328:
324:
320:
316:
312:
308:
307:Jaan Tõnisson
299:
295:
291:
288:
285:
283:
279:
272:
267:
259:
255:
251:
247:
243:
239:
236:
232:
228:
216:
212:
207:
203:
200:
197:
191:
188:
185:
179:
173:
168:
165:
162:
156:
153:
150:
144:
138:
133:
130:
124:
121:
118:
112:
109:
106:
100:
94:
89:
86:
83:
77:
74:
71:
65:
59:
54:
51:
45:
41:
34:
29:
25:Jaan Tõnisson
22:
19:
4706:August Kerem
4627:August Kerem
4559:
4493:
4475:Jaan Piiskar
4428:August Kerem
4302:Nikolai Reek
4283:August Kerem
4169:Tõnis Kalbus
4131:Oskar Köster
4103:August Kerem
4096:
4079:
3881:Jüri Jaakson
3834:August Kerem
3816:
3770:August Hanko
3618:Jüri Jaakson
3598:
3565:Theodor Pool
3547:
3500:
3475:
3453:
3428:
3349:; 1918–1919)
3346:
3340:
3293:(1918–1919))
3288:
3203:Jüri Jaakson
3155:
3085:
3067:Andres Larka
3028:
3022:
3016:
2995:
2896:
2890:
2884:
2865:
2706:
2699:
2679:
2672:
2665:
2658:
2651:
2644:
2624:
2619:
2602:
2564:
2532:
2497:
2455:State Elders
2439:
2429:
2416:
2379:
2254:
2247:
2240:
2233:
2226:
2219:
2163:
2131:
2096:
2054:State Elders
2038:
2028:
2015:
1978:
1891:
1864:
1837:
1812:
1789:
1764:
1737:
1732:Jaan Teemant
1710:
1683:
1624:
1617:
1598:
1579:
1560:
1541:
1532:
1501:
1482:
1463:
1455:
1451:
1443:
1439:
1420:
1401:
1393:
1389:
1381:
1377:
1369:
1365:
1357:
1342:
1338:
1330:
1326:
1318:
1303:
1299:
1291:
1259:
1244:
1240:
1232:
1228:
1207:
1122:
1027:
1019:
993:IV Riigikogu
981:II Riigikogu
955:
941:
933:
928:
922:
903:
901:
877:
870:
859:
855:Jaan Teemant
828:
821:
801:Jüri Jaakson
782:
774:
770:
742:
738:Labour Party
723:
700:
697:Independence
663:
658:
643:
638:
634:
630:
596:
581:
574:
572:
566:
549:
545:Jaan Teemant
542:
517:
513:
509:
496:
481:
469:
468:and the new
463:
457:
450:
444:
438:
436:
426:
401:
391:
356:
331:
306:
305:
194:Succeeded by
171:
159:Succeeded by
152:Jaan Teemant
136:
126:8th and 15th
115:Succeeded by
92:
80:Succeeded by
57:
18:
4739:1941 deaths
4734:1868 births
4557:State Elder
4515:(1931–1932)
4496:(1931–1932)
4477:(1931–1932)
4455:(1931–1932)
4447:Mihkel Pung
4430:(1931–1932)
4411:(1931–1932)
4374:(1931–1932)
4351:(1931–1932)
4346:State Elder
4304:(1927–1928)
4285:(1927–1928)
4266:(1927–1928)
4247:(1927–1928)
4228:(1927–1928)
4226:Hans Rebane
4209:(1927–1928)
4190:(1927–1928)
4171:(1927–1928)
4152:(1927–1928)
4133:(1927–1928)
4105:(1927–1928)
4082:(1927–1928)
4077:State Elder
3995:Jaan Kriisa
3919:Tõnis Vares
3772:(1919–1920)
3753:(1919–1920)
3751:Eduard Säkk
3734:(1919–1920)
3732:Jaan Kriisa
3715:(1919–1920)
3696:(1919–1920)
3677:(1919–1920)
3658:(1919–1920)
3639:(1919–1920)
3620:(1919–1920)
3595:(1919–1920)
3567:(1919–1920)
3550:(1919–1920)
3503:(1918–1919)
3484:(1918–1919)
3456:(1918–1919)
3437:(1918–1919)
3412:(1918–1919)
3393:(1918–1919)
3391:Eduard Säkk
3372:Eduard Aule
3368:(1918–1919)
3366:Jaan Raamot
3318:(1918–1919)
3316:August Peet
3268:(1918–1919)
3249:(1918–1919)
3224:(1918–1919)
3205:(1918–1919)
3186:(1918–1919)
3152:(1918–1919)
3135:(1918–1919)
1849:Mihkel Pung
1832:Jaan Lattik
999:V Riigikogu
975:I Riigikogu
824:State Elder
805:State Elder
803:, was even
787:, 8 in the
659:coup d'etat
610:Georgy Lvov
587:Jaan Raamot
502:Nicholas II
387:nationalist
323:State Elder
273:(1932–1935)
268:(1919–1932)
249:Nationality
182:Preceded by
147:Preceded by
103:Preceded by
68:Preceded by
47:2nd and 4th
4728:Categories
3656:Juhan Kukk
3335:August Rei
3266:Jaan Poska
3247:Juhan Kukk
3150:August Rei
2997:Juhan Kukk
2954:Juhan Kukk
2916:Jaan Poska
2832:Jaan Poska
2267:Presidents
1897:1932–1933
1876:August Rei
1870:1923–1925
1843:1931–1932
1818:1918–1919
1749:August Rei
1743:1927–1928
1689:1919–1920
1141:References
1003:1938–1940
991:1929–1932
985:1926–1929
979:1923–1926
973:1920–1923
967:1919–1920
960:1917–1919
934:After the
680:Copenhagen
363:Tänassilma
353:Early life
332:After the
293:Profession
282:Alma mater
275:later none
220:1868-12-22
164:August Rei
4687:Ants Piip
3482:Hans Pöhl
3222:Karl Luts
2764:K. Kallas
2739:S. Kallas
2508:Strandman
2425:Strandman
2290:Kaljulaid
2194:President
2107:Strandman
2024:Strandman
1722:Ants Piip
1533:Riigikogu
1033:in 1999.
964:(Maapäev)
947:elections
936:Stalinist
905:Postimees
897:self coup
889:President
705:, led by
671:Stockholm
666:Bolshevik
582:Postimees
465:Postimees
458:In 1901,
445:Postimees
440:Postimees
432:Estonians
338:Stalinist
172:In office
137:In office
120:Ants Piip
93:In office
58:In office
3938:Ado Birk
3675:Ado Birk
3342:Karl Ast
2701:Savisaar
2533:Tõnisson
2498:Tõnisson
2440:Tõnisson
2430:Tõnisson
2364:Chairman
2132:Tõnisson
2097:Tõnisson
2039:Tõnisson
2029:Tõnisson
1963:Chairman
1705:Ado Birk
1695:Ado Birk
1607:Archived
1588:Archived
1569:Archived
1550:Archived
1510:Archived
1491:Archived
1472:Archived
1429:Archived
1410:Archived
1186:Archived
1102:See also
791:and the
777:Ado Birk
593:Autonomy
530:Russians
394:Viljandi
315:Estonian
252:Estonian
108:Ado Birk
85:Ado Birk
3031:; 1918)
3000:(1918))
2899:; 1918)
2729:Siimann
2610:Eenpalu
2604:Eenpalu
2523:Einbund
2518:Teemant
2493:Teemant
2488:Jaakson
2122:Einbund
2117:Teemant
2092:Teemant
2087:Jaakson
1093:1939 –
1077:1938 –
1070:1930 –
1063:1928 –
1056:1925 –
1049:1920 –
1042:1920 –
1023:Tallinn
919:in 1938
807:of the
711:Finland
684:Swedish
631:Maapäev
499:Emperor
471:Teataja
377:of the
343:Tallinn
4708:(1933)
4689:(1933)
4670:(1933)
4648:(1933)
4629:(1933)
4610:(1933)
4579:(1933)
4562:(1933)
4449:(1931)
4405:(1931)
4368:(1931)
4099:(1927)
4097:vacant
4035:(1920)
4016:(1920)
3997:(1920)
3978:(1920)
3959:(1920)
3940:(1920)
3921:(1920)
3902:(1920)
3883:(1920)
3864:(1920)
3836:(1920)
3819:(1920)
3601:(1920)
3599:vacant
3478:(1918)
3476:vacant
3454:vacant
3431:(1918)
3429:vacant
3374:(1919)
3347:acting
3337:(1918)
3299:(1919)
3230:(1919)
3158:(1919)
3156:vacant
3088:(1918)
3069:(1918)
3050:(1918)
3029:acting
3019:(1918)
3017:vacant
2975:(1918)
2956:(1918)
2937:(1918)
2918:(1918)
2897:acting
2887:(1918)
2885:vacant
2868:(1918)
2866:vacant
2862:(1918)
2834:(1918)
2817:(1918)
2769:Michal
2754:Rõivas
2719:Tarand
2653:Sikkar
2620:vacant
2615:Uluots
2280:Rüütel
2235:Sikkar
2221:Uluots
1632:
1216:
1046:II/III
1037:Awards
578:Appeal
576:Vyborg
418:Career
2759:Ratas
2749:Ansip
2744:Parts
2681:Penno
2660:Warma
2418:Poska
2381:Poska
2295:Karis
2285:Ilves
2242:Warma
2017:Poska
1980:Poska
1795:1918
1770:1933
1716:1920
1114:Notes
1060:I/III
1053:III/I
1031:Tartu
766:Valka
762:Valga
556:group
516:; or
2734:Laar
2724:Vähi
2714:Laar
2708:Vähi
2674:Mark
2667:Kint
2626:Tief
2585:Päts
2566:Päts
2560:Päts
2538:Päts
2528:Päts
2513:Päts
2483:Akel
2478:Päts
2473:Kukk
2468:Päts
2463:Piip
2445:Piip
2435:Birk
2413:Päts
2376:Päts
2275:Meri
2256:Mark
2249:Kint
2200:Päts
2184:Päts
2165:Päts
2159:Päts
2137:Päts
2127:Päts
2112:Päts
2082:Akel
2077:Päts
2072:Kukk
2067:Päts
2062:Piip
2044:Piip
2034:Birk
2012:Päts
1975:Päts
1823:none
1808:none
1800:none
1785:none
1630:ISBN
1214:ISBN
944:sham
860:The
532:and
490:and
359:O.S.
347:NKVD
311:O.S.
241:Died
214:Born
2646:Rei
2503:Rei
2228:Rei
2102:Rei
1067:I/I
833:in
639:EDE
514:ERE
4730::
1531:.
1520:^
1350:^
1311:^
1284:^
1267:^
1252:^
1196:^
1149:^
819:.
721:.
661:.
637:–
512:–
494:.
434:.
369:,
365:,
233:,
229:,
4548:e
4541:t
4534:v
4337:e
4330:t
4323:v
4068:e
4061:t
4054:v
3805:e
3798:t
3791:v
3536:e
3529:t
3522:v
3345:(
3121:e
3114:t
3107:v
3027:(
2895:(
2803:e
2796:t
2789:v
2421:)
2415:(
2384:)
2378:(
2348:e
2341:t
2334:v
2020:)
2014:(
1983:)
1977:(
1947:e
1940:t
1933:v
1638:.
1535:.
1222:.
1081:I
1074:I
764:(
629:(
222:)
218:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
