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and published in 1984. Following a frequently found formula, the inscription implores God to grant forgiveness and then bears witness to the hour of final judgement. In a second record of singular historical importance, an individual named Rāfiʿ bin 'Alī declares "I believe that there is no God
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Ancient petroglyphs carved on the rock faces of Jabal al-ʿHayn depict horned bison, standing figures and an exceptional wild cat with a curling tail. Camels are shown in some petroglyphs that seem to be less ancient.
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Also published by Donner is an inscription on a boulder invoking the name of God and giving an exceptional religious maxim. This and the other inscriptions from the site are listed in
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For illustration see الحناكية al-Ḥanākīyā. جبل العهين Arabic inscription offering a confession and quoting Qur'ān 10:90. Photo mosaic. Zenodo.
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Among the many inscriptions at Jabal al-ʿHayn are a number in Arabic which date to the earliest years of the
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For illustrations, see الحناكية al-Ḥanākīyā. جبل العهين Arabic inscription quoting Qur'ān 18: 21. Zenodo.
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A general examination of rock art can be found in Majeed Khan, "Rock Art of Saudi Arabia,"
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Jabal al-ʿHayn, Saudi Arabia. Rock inscribed with the name of God and a religious maxim.
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Fred M. Donner, Some Early Arabic
Inscriptions from Al-Ḥanākiyya, Saudi Arabia. 1984
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Fred M. Donner, Some Early Arabic
Inscriptions from Al-Ḥanākiyya, Saudi Arabia. 1984
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Fred M. Donner, Some Early Arabic
Inscriptions from Al-Ḥanākiyya, Saudi Arabia. 1984
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Jabal al-ʿHayn, Saudi Arabia. Tribal markings and a petroglyph showing a camel.
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except Him in whom the children of Israel believed, (believing as) a Muslim
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101:; nor am I among the polytheists." This gives a direct quote of
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180:Darb Zubayda: The Pilgrim Road from Kufa to Mecca
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152:2013, 2, 447-475; doi:10.3390/arts2040447.
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206:https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.5593343
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25:جبل العهين
90:Al-Kahf
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111:Yunus
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