1665:
1649:
868:
932:
1117:
649:
1332:
1699:
582:
1684:
1323:, had organised a defence of the fortress. The apparent half-heartedness of the ensuing siege, called off by Władysław on 19 September, has been variously ascribed to the impregnability of the fortifications, high Lithuanian casualties, to Władysław's unwillingness to risk further casualties, or to his desire to keep the Order weakened but undefeated so as to not upset the balance of power between Poland (which would most likely acquire most of the Order possessions if it was totally defeated) and Lithuania; but a lack of sources precludes a definitive explanation.
1664:
1282:
60:
1190:
1516:
1631:
1432:, lobbied for an end to the forced conversion of heathens and to the Order's aggression against Lithuania and Poland. As a result of the Polish–Lithuanian diplomacy, the council, though scandalised by Włodkowic's questioning of the legitimacy of the monastic state, denied the Order's request for a further crusade and instead entrusted the conversion of the Samogitians to Poland–Lithuania.
1212:. Władysław promised to repay Vytautas for his support by restoring Samogitia to Lithuania in any future peace treaty. The uprising, which began in May 1409, at first provoked little reaction from the Knights, who had not yet consolidated their rule in Samogitia by building castles; but by June their diplomats were busy lobbying Władysław's court at
645:, which became within a century the most serious rival and threat to the integrity, well-being and survival of Lithuania. However, in 1380 Muscovy was greatly weakened by tremendous losses suffered during the battle and thus, in the same year, Jogaila was free to begin a struggle for supremacy with Kęstutis.
1648:
1592:
in 1434, leaving Poland to his elder son, Władysław III, and
Lithuania to his younger, Casimir, both still minors at the time. The Lithuanian inheritance, however, could not be taken for granted. Władysław's death ended the personal union between the two realms, and it was not clear what would take
922:
One effect of
Jagiello's measures was to be the advancement of Catholics in Lithuania at the expense of Orthodox elements; in 1387 and 1413, for example, Lithuanian Catholic boyars were granted special judicial and political privileges denied to the Orthodox boyars. As this process gained momentum,
1095:
between the two states, strengthening
Lithuania's hand for a new war against the Teutonic Order in which Poland officially took no part. While the document left the liberties of the Polish nobles untouched, it granted increased power to the boyars of Lithuania, whose grand dukes had till then been
849:
were the main converts to
Catholicism—both paganism and the Orthodox rite remained strong among the peasants—the king's conversion and its political implications created lasting repercussions for the history of both Lithuania and Poland. On 22 February 1387, he banned Catholics from marriages with
993:
of the
Teutonic Order, laid siege to Vilnius, which was held by Władysław's regent Skirgaila with combined Polish, Lithuanian and Ruthenian troops. Although the Knights lifted the siege of the castle after a month, they reduced much of the outer city to ruins. This bloody conflict was eventually
1580:
with concessions to ensure their agreement, since the monarchy was elective. In 1427 the Polish nobles had initiated an anti-Jagiellonian movement, seeking to have Władysław and
Casimir excluded from the Polish throne as they had no blood link to the previous ruling Polish dynasty, the Piasts.
1258:
Meanwhile, both sides unleashed diplomatic offensives. The
Knights dispatched letters to the monarchs of Europe, preaching their usual crusade against the heathens; Władysław countered with his own letters to the monarchs, accusing the Order of planning to conquer the whole world. Such appeals
1359:
river. Most of the
Teutonic Order's territory, however, including towns that had surrendered, remained intact. Władysław then released many high-ranking Teutonic Knights and officials for apparently modest ransoms. The cumulative expense of the ransoms, however, proved a drain on the Order's
724:
river. However, when
Jogaila failed to ratify the treaty, the Knights invaded Lithuania in the summer of 1383. In 1384, Jogaila reconciled with Vytautas promising to return his patrimony in Trakai. Vytautas then turned against the Knights, attacking and looting several Prussian castles.
1062:, but within a month the mother and daughter died, leaving Władysław sole ruler of the Kingdom of Poland and without an heir nor much legitimacy to rule the kingdom. Jadwiga's death undermined Władysław's right to the throne, and as a result old conflicts between the nobility of
2193:). However, Rowell suggests that the nature of this dual rule "...reflects political expediency; it certainly does not meet the formal definition of diarchy as 'rule by two independent authorities'...those two leaders were not equal: the grand duke in Vilnius was supreme" (
1470:
was left to the Order. This border remained largely unchanged for roughly 500 years, until 1920. The terms of this treaty have, however, been seen as turning a Polish victory into defeat, as a result of Władysław's renunciation of Polish claims to
Pomerania, Pomerelia, and
1289:
When the war resumed in June 1410, Władysław advanced into the Teutonic heartland at the head of an army of about 20,000 mounted nobles, 15,000 armed commoners, and 2,000 professional cavalry mainly hired from Bohemia. After crossing the Vistula over the pontoon bridge at
954:
remained in Lithuania. From then on, however, the Order found it harder to sustain the cause of a crusade and faced the growing threat to its existence posed by the Kingdom of Poland and a genuinely Christian Lithuania alliance. Władysław sponsored the creation of the
1239:(German: Bromberg). Władysław arrived on the scene in late September, retook Bydgoszcz within a week, and came to terms with the Order on 8 October. During the winter, the two armies prepared for a major confrontation. Władysław installed a strategic supply depot at
412:
440:
1451:, attempted a regency in war-torn Bohemia, with little success. Vytautas accepted Sigismund's offer of a royal crown in 1429—apparently with Władysław's blessing—but Polish forces intercepted the crown in transit and the coronation was cancelled.
1318:
now lay open, the city undefended; but for reasons the sources do not explain, Władysław hesitated to pursue his advantage. On 17 July, his army began a laboured advance, arriving at Marienburg only on 25 July, by which time the new Grand Master,
1408:
tactics of burning fields and mills; but both the Knights and the Lithuanians were too exhausted from the previous war to risk a major battle, and the fighting petered out in the autumn. Hostilities did not flare up again until 1419, during the
1306:
after one of the largest and most ferocious battles of the Middle Ages, the allies won a victory so overwhelming that the Teutonic Order's army was virtually annihilated, with most of its key commanders killed in combat, including Grand Master
536:, secured the Polish and Lithuanian borders and marked the emergence of the Polish–Lithuanian alliance as a significant force in Europe. The reign of Władysław II Jagiełło extended Polish frontiers and is often considered the beginning of
1085:
of 1401 confirmed the status of Vytautas as grand duke under Władysław's overlordship, while assuring the title of grand duke to the heirs of Władysław rather than those of Vytautas: should Władysław die without heirs, the Lithuanian
597:
The Grand Duchy of Lithuania to which Jogaila succeeded as Grand Duke in 1377 was a political entity composed of two leading, but very different nationalities and two political systems: ethnic Lithuania in the north-west and the vast
888:. In 1390, she also personally opened negotiations with the Teutonic Order. Most political responsibilities, however, fell to Jagiello, with Jadwiga attending to the cultural and charitable activities for which she is still revered.
1392:. The act included a clause prohibiting the Polish nobility from electing a monarch without the consent of the Lithuanian nobility, and the Lithuanian nobility from electing a grand duke without the consent of the Polish monarch.
875:
Władysław II Jagiello and Jadwiga reigned as co-monarchs; and though Jadwiga probably had little real power, she took an active part in Poland's political and cultural life. In 1387, she led two successful military expeditions to
1099:
In late 1401, the new war against the Order overstretched the resources of the Lithuanians, who found themselves fighting on two fronts after uprisings in the eastern provinces. Another of Władysław's brothers, the malcontent
1447:, which he was not prepared to do. After Władysław's refusal, Vytautas was postulated (elected in absentia) as Bohemian king, but he assured the pope that he opposed the heretics. Between 1422 and 1428, Władysław's nephew,
553:
Little is known of Jogaila's early life, and even his year of birth is uncertain. Previously historians assumed he was born in 1352, but some recent research suggests a later date—about 1362. He was a descendant of the
978:. The decision may not have improved Władysław's relations with the Order, but it served to introduce closer ties between Lithuania and Poland, enabling the Polish church to freely assist its Lithuanian counterpart.
1152:. Both sides had practical reasons for signing the treaty at that point: the Order needed time to fortify its newly acquired lands, the Poles and Lithuanians to deal with territorial challenges in the east and in
1090:
were to elect a new monarch. Since no heir had yet been produced by either monarch, the implications of the union were unforeseeable, but it forged bonds between the Polish and Lithuanian nobility and a permanent
1490:
as grand duke of Lithuania, but when Švitrigaila, with the support of the Teutonic Order and dissatisfied Rus' nobles, rebelled against Polish overlordship in Lithuania, the Poles, under the leadership of Bishop
696:
began. He seized Vilnius, overthrew Jogaila, and pronounced himself grand duke in his place. In 1382, Jogaila raised an army from his father's vassals and confronted Kęstutis near Trakai. Kęstutis and his son
1387:
on 2 October 1413 decreed that the Grand Duchy of Lithuania was "tied to our Kingdom of Poland permanently and irreversibly", and granted the Catholic nobles of Lithuania privileges equal to those of Polish
828:
on 15 February 1386 and from then on formally used the name Władysław or Latin versions of it. The marriage took place three days later, and on 4 March 1386 Jogaila was crowned King Władysław by archbishop
1443:, the emperor elect and new king of Bohemia. In 1421, the Bohemian Diet declared Sigismund deposed and formally offered the crown to Władysław on condition that he accept the religious principles of the
606:, comprising the lands of modern Ukraine, Belarus, and parts of western Russia. At first, Jogaila—like his father—based his rule in the southern and eastern territories of Lithuania, while his uncle,
1486:
Cracks in the cooperation between Poland and Lithuania after the death of Vytautas in 1430 had offered the Knights a revived opportunity for interference in Poland. Władysław supported his brother
1220:
that if the Knights acted to suppress Samogitia, Poland would intervene. This stung the Order into issuing a declaration of war against Poland on 6 August, which Władysław received on 14 August in
867:
841:
to be crowned as the King of Poland. The royal baptism triggered the conversion of most of Jogaila's court and noblemen, as well as mass baptisms in Lithuanian rivers, a beginning of the final
5360:
1420:
and Samogitian witnesses; they arrived at Constance at the end of that year to express their preference for being "baptised with water and not with blood". The Polish envoys, among them
2214:, p. 205). Dmitri, however, made it a condition of the marriage that Jogaila "should be baptized in the Orthodox faith and that he should proclaim his Christianity to all men" (
1462:
ended the Knights' claims to Samogitia once and for all and defined a permanent border between Prussia and Lithuania. Lithuania was given the province of Samogitia, with the port of
1576:
The death in 1431 of his daughter Hedwig (Jadwiga), the last heir of Piast blood, released Władysław to make his sons by Sophia of Halshany his heirs, though he had to placate the
2210:
suggests Jogaila may have already been an Orthodox Christian: "In 1377, Olgerd of Lithuania died, leaving the Grand Principality to his son Jagiello, an Orthodox Christian..." (
2161:
2093:
2529:
931:
1096:
unencumbered by checks and balances of the sort attached to the Polish monarchy. The Union of Vilnius and Radom therefore earned Władysław a measure of support in Lithuania.
489:
to Catholicism. His own reign in Poland started in 1399, upon the death of Queen Jadwiga, lasted a further thirty-five years, and laid the foundation for the centuries-long
817:
between Lithuania and Poland to a complete incorporation of Lithuania into Poland. The agreement at Kreva has been described both as far-sighted and as a desperate gamble.
1360:
resources. This failure to exploit the victory to his nobles' satisfaction provoked growing opposition to Władysław's regime after 1411, further fueled by the granting of
2098:
3422:
1683:
1416:
The Council of Constance proved a turning point in the Teutonic crusades, as it did for several European conflicts. Vytautas sent a delegation in 1415, including the
637:. Jogaila failed to support Mamai, lingering in the vicinity of the battlefield, which led to Mamai's army's significant defeat at the hands of Prince Dmitri in the
4897:
774:, who required him first to convert to Orthodoxy. That option, however, was unlikely to halt the crusades against Lithuania by the Teutonic Knights, who regarded
1216:, warning his nobles against Polish involvement in a war between Lithuania and the Order. Władysław, however, bypassed his nobles and informed new Grand Master
1108:, where he won the backing of the Knights with concessions similar to those made by Jogaila and Vytautas during earlier leadership contests in the Grand Duchy.
1171:. Władysław turned the deal down with the agreement of both Polish and Silesian nobles, unwilling to burden himself with new military commitments in the west.
4325:
1343:, in which neither Poland nor Lithuania drove home negotiating advantages home to the full, much to the discontent of the Polish nobility. Poland regained
1116:
794:. The Polish nobles saw the offer as an opportunity for increasing their privileges and avoiding Austrian influence, brought by Jadwiga's previous fiancé
4526:
1698:
1479:
in return. The Treaty of Melno closed a chapter in the Knights' wars with Lithuania but did little to settle their long-term issues with Poland. Further
648:
5410:
790:
made this offer to Jogaila for many reasons. They wanted to neutralize the dangers posed by Lithuania itself and to secure the fertile territories of
752:
of the Lithuanian language. According to the Teutonic Order's testimonial, he could not read nor write, and had to listen to others reading for him.
3427:
998:, by which Władysław handed over the government of Lithuania to his cousin in exchange for peace: Vytautas was to rule Lithuania as the grand duke (
1180:
3450:
2612:
2716:
2598:
2426:
1458:, against the Teutonic Order, defeating them in under two months before the Order's imperial reinforcements had time to arrive. The resulting
5345:
5340:
4152:
4134:
4114:
4096:
4078:
4011:
3991:
3973:
3907:
3888:
3870:
3852:
3830:
3812:
3794:
3776:
3746:
3690:
3660:
3642:
3597:
3563:
3543:
3523:
3505:
2606:
641:. The Muscovites' Pyrrhic victory over the Golden Horde, in the long term, signified, however, the beginning of a slow climb to power by the
986:
915:. Władysław's policy of unifying the two legal systems was partial and uneven at first but achieved a lasting influence. By the time of the
693:
4661:
4656:
1480:
5395:
5355:
4890:
950:
of the Teutonic Knights, who claimed his conversion was a sham, perhaps even a heresy, and renewed their incursions on the pretext that
809:(Union of Kreva). The promises included the adoption of Christianity, repatriation of lands "stolen" from Poland by its neighbours, and
38:
5184:
5180:
3943:
2088:
269:
5390:
5370:
3925:
1104:, chose this moment to stir up revolts behind the lines and declare himself grand duke. On 31 January 1402, he presented himself in
1029:. Shortly afterwards, Vytautas was crowned as a king by local nobles; but the following year his forces and those of his ally, Khan
379:
5232:
4825:
4566:
2030:
1538:
1331:
1267:, allied himself with the Order and declared war against Poland on 12 July, though his Hungarian vassals refused his call to arms.
621:, the eldest son of Algirdas, challenged Jogaila's authority and sought to become Grand Duke. In 1380, Andrei and another brother,
332:
4318:
2558:
2280:
1507:
as grand duke, leading to an armed struggle over the Lithuanian succession which stuttered on for years after Władysław's death.
1492:
1010:
to become prince of Kiev. Vytautas initially accepted his status but soon began to pursue Lithuania's independence from Poland.
614:, continued to rule the north-western region. Jogaila's succession, however, soon placed this system of dual rule under strain.
5415:
5257:
4850:
1630:
716:, which rewarded the Knights for their aid in defeating Kęstutis and Vytautas by promising Christianisation and granting them
31:
4916:
4883:
1260:
1164:
571:
5375:
4752:
2041:
1563:
1440:
1264:
1059:
842:
733:
486:
340:
327:
226:
136:
4701:
1227:
The castles guarding the northern border were in such bad condition that the Knights easily captured those at Złotoryja,
970:. The bishopric, which included Samogitia, then largely controlled by the Teutonic Order, was subordinated to the see of
919:
in 1569, there was not much difference between the administrative and judicial systems in force in Lithuania and Poland.
5405:
5400:
5330:
2288:
581:
4541:
4295:
490:
5290:
5271:
5016:
4973:
4941:
4921:
4311:
4042:
4020:
1816:
1718:
1042:
5247:
4840:
3371:
4651:
5385:
3609:(1994), "Die Religionspolitik von König Wladyslaw Jagiello im polnisch-litauischen Reich in den Jahren 1385–1434",
1082:
689:
4636:
1228:
1128:
on 22 May 1404. Władysław acceded to the formal cession of Samogitia and agreed to support the Order's designs on
1013:
The protracted period of war between the Lithuanians and the Teutonic Knights was ended on 12 October 1398 by the
5193:
4787:
4683:
4596:
4490:
2276:
2107:
940:
454:
981:
In 1389, Władysław's rule in Lithuania faced a revived challenge from Vytautas, who resented the power given to
778:
as schismatics and little better than heathens. Jogaila chose therefore to accept a Polish proposal to become a
5380:
4964:
4678:
1588:
in the 48th year of his reign, Władysław caught a cold from which he was unable to recover. He finally died in
795:
705:, where Kęstutis was found dead, probably murdered, a week later. Vytautas escaped to the Teutonic fortress of
502:
246:
5132:
4601:
4546:
4516:
4506:
4351:
171:
1444:
1302:. The Teutonic Order's army had about 18,000 cavalry, mostly Germans, and 5,000 infantry. On 15 July, at the
1021:
where it was signed. Lithuania agreed to cede Samogitia and assist the Teutonic Order in a campaign to seize
5350:
5222:
4815:
4716:
4631:
4501:
4474:
4433:
4342:
4334:
4241:
4214:
1609:
1380:
1311:
and Grand Marshal Friedrich von Wallenrode. Thousands of troops were reportedly slaughtered on either side.
1145:
1045:, ending his imperial ambitions in the east and obliging him to submit to Władysław's protection once more.
775:
586:
446:
77:
1515:
5252:
5242:
5030:
4845:
4835:
4496:
2284:
2112:
1689:
537:
4571:
1125:
617:
At the start of his reign, Jogaila was preoccupied with unrest in the Lithuanian Rus' lands. In 1377–78,
574:. His name had a meaning of more courageous and superior than others, he spent most of his early time in
5166:
4777:
4706:
4576:
4551:
4423:
1504:
1340:
1075:
990:
706:
642:
533:
485:, married the young Queen Jadwiga, and was crowned King of Poland as Władysław II Jagiełło. In 1387, he
5110:
1429:
1281:
908:
791:
3458:
2585:
1189:
1167:, who offered to return Silesia to Poland if Władysław supported him in his power struggle within the
989:, aiming to become the Grand Duke. On 4 September 1390, the joint forces of Vytautas and Grand Master
5335:
5227:
5151:
4932:
4820:
4757:
4739:
4671:
3302:
2083:
2061:
1569:
1417:
1410:
1308:
1217:
1133:
567:
505:. The dynasty ruled both states until 1572, and became one of the most influential dynasties in late
494:
466:
345:
265:
1371:
In an effort to outflank his critics, Władysław promoted the leader of the opposing faction, bishop
59:
5365:
5202:
5161:
5156:
5069:
4795:
4772:
4767:
4606:
4581:
4556:
2258:, p. 55). It was "a desperate gamble by Jogaila to avert a seemingly inevitable subjugation" (
2146:
2137:
1925:
1884:
1755:
1616:
1589:
1546:
1384:
1320:
1205:
995:
967:
885:
854:, and demanded those Orthodox who previously married with the Catholics to convert to Catholicism.
846:
834:
729:
728:
It is known that Jogaila, being ethnic Lithuanian by the man's line, himself knew and spoke in the
622:
510:
405:
304:
1421:
1372:
5217:
5142:
5086:
4810:
4724:
4591:
4535:
4511:
4484:
3845:
The Medieval Chronicle: Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on the Medieval Chronicle
1941:
1552:
1303:
1276:
1193:
1184:
1092:
956:
881:
749:
737:
638:
529:
517:
309:
5212:
4805:
3678:
1612:, is named in honour of the fact that he initiated the tradition of royal hunting in the area.
5237:
5098:
4830:
4729:
4586:
4284:
4261:
4178:
4170:
4148:
4130:
4110:
4092:
4074:
4007:
4001:
3987:
3969:
3957:
3939:
3921:
3903:
3884:
3866:
3848:
3840:
3826:
3808:
3790:
3772:
3742:
3725:
3686:
3656:
3638:
3618:
3593:
3559:
3553:
3539:
3519:
3501:
2602:
2343:
1704:
1675:
1671:
1448:
1201:
1168:
1014:
960:
923:
it was accompanied by the rise of both Rus' and Lithuanian identity in the fifteenth century.
912:
783:
761:
740:
with Jogaila, were able to communicate with the natives, therefore Jogaila himself taught the
618:
498:
462:
368:
360:
319:
294:
216:
188:
4124:
3736:
2254:
It "reflects the exceptional far-sightedness of the political elites ruling both countries" (
4611:
4561:
3631:
2333:
1585:
1556:
713:
669:
4641:
4626:
2207:
1520:
1459:
1038:
1007:
963:
916:
821:
745:
433:
280:
65:
1602:
1472:
1344:
1137:
1070:
began to surface. In 1402, Władysław answered the rumblings against his rule by marrying
5280:
5207:
5127:
4997:
4800:
4616:
4379:
4275:
3900:
The Origins of the Slavic Nations: Premodern Identities in Russia, Ukraine, and Belarus
3585:
3423:"Jogailos planeta skrieja Saulės sistemoje – Lenkijos siūlymas oficialiai patvirtintas"
3294:
2283:, who was Queen Jadwiga's great-grandfather and unified the kingdom in 1320, and Saint
2228:
2173:
2102:
1487:
1425:
1405:
1248:
1101:
1067:
814:
806:
771:
767:
661:
626:
611:
603:
563:
525:
521:
458:
389:
182:
165:
4646:
2530:"Ar perrašinėjamos istorijos pasakų įkvėpta Baltarusija gali kėsintis į Rytų Lietuvą?"
5324:
5306:
4987:
4762:
4693:
4461:
2238:
2117:
1900:
1531:
1071:
1063:
975:
907:
on almost the same terms as privileges issued to the Jews of Poland in the reigns of
900:
787:
701:
entered Jogaila's encampment for negotiations but were tricked and imprisoned in the
677:
673:
299:
2292:
1221:
877:
802:
702:
634:
590:
364:
4451:
4418:
1291:
1263:
signed a defensive treaty with the Poles against the Teutonic Order; his brother,
1141:
3719:
3533:
64:
King Władysław II Jagiełło, detail of the Triptych of Our Lady of Sorrows in the
5105:
4234:
4224:
3606:
3538:, translated by Walter J. Renfroe, Budapest: Central European University Press,
3397:
2338:
2321:
1640:
1467:
1034:
1018:
838:
741:
685:
681:
607:
506:
470:
130:
113:
4026:
524:, the newly formed Polish-Lithuanian union confronted the growing power of the
5049:
5040:
4400:
3760:
1455:
1401:
1232:
1160:
1030:
555:
3622:
2347:
5117:
5064:
5025:
4950:
4469:
4393:
4365:
4126:
Crusader Castles of the Teutonic Knights (2): Baltic Stone Castles 1184–1560
1733:
1348:
1236:
1209:
982:
884:, had transferred from Poland to Hungary, and secured the homage of Voivode
851:
837:, so retaining the throne in the event of Jadwiga's death. He was the first
717:
657:
474:
153:
42:
4054:
896:
825:
811:
terras suas Lithuaniae et Russiae Coronae Regni Poloniae perpetuo applicare
482:
69:
3669:
Jakštas, J.; Ivinskis, Z.; Sužiedėlis, S.; Šapoka, A.; Šležas, P. (1935),
5122:
5081:
5076:
5054:
4982:
4441:
4407:
4386:
4251:
4207:
3984:
Lithuania Ascending: A Pagan Empire Within East-central Europe, 1295–1345
2711:
2534:
1805:
1577:
1500:
1476:
1389:
1365:
1295:
1240:
1213:
1149:
1026:
830:
779:
698:
599:
559:
450:
159:
107:
4875:
1435:
The diplomatic context at Constance included the revolt of the Bohemian
732:
with Vytautas, his cousin from the Gediminids dynasty. Also, during the
17:
5059:
4479:
4372:
2594:
1496:
1463:
1436:
1376:
1361:
1352:
1315:
1252:
1244:
1235:, the capital of Dobrzyń Land, while German burghers invited them into
1153:
1105:
971:
947:
892:
891:
Soon after Jagiello's accession to the Polish throne, Jagiello granted
575:
355:
242:
4022:Śląsk w polityce Piastów ("Silesia within the policies of the Piasts")
1503:. In 1432, a pro-Polish party in Lithuania elected Vytautas's brother
668:
In the north-west, Lithuania faced constant armed incursions from the
5006:
4446:
4413:
4358:
4303:
1767:
1527:
1299:
985:
in Lithuania at the expense of his own patrimony. Vytautas started a
904:
721:
1025:, while the Order agreed to assist Lithuania in a campaign to seize
1006:) in the person of the Polish monarch. Skirgaila was moved from the
692:, directed against Kęstutis. When Kęstutis discovered the plan, the
1298:, whose 11,000 light cavalry included Lithuanians, Ruthenians, and
497:
in Poland that bears his name and was previously also known as the
449:(1377–1381 and 1382–1401), later giving the position to his cousin
2431:
1744:
1514:
1379:
in autumn 1411 and replaced him in Kraków with Vytautas supporter
1330:
1280:
1188:
1129:
1087:
1022:
951:
936:
930:
653:
647:
630:
580:
2710:
Gudavičius, Edvardas; Jučas, Mečislovas; Matulevičius, Algirdas.
1615:
In 2021, asteroid 2004 TP17 was officially named as Jogaila (the
1200:
In December 1408, Władysław and Vytautas held strategic talks in
3964:
Rowell, S. C. (2000), "Baltic Europe", in Jones, Michael (ed.),
3771:(in Polish), Warsaw: Wydawnictwa Szkolne i Pedagogiczne (WSiP),
1483:
broke out between Poland and the Knights between 1431 and 1435.
1356:
1335:
Polish and Lithuanian conflict with Teutonic Prussia, 1377–1434.
4879:
4307:
3592:, translated and abridged by Maurice Michael, IM Publications,
2237:), because the Polish political system made no provision for a
1002:) until his death, under the overlordship of the Supreme Duke (
27:
Grand Duke of Lithuania (1377–1434); King of Poland (1386–1434)
3825:(Reprint ed.), Crestwood, NY: Vladimir's Seminary Press,
1413:, when they were called off at the papal legate's insistence.
3535:
Foreword to the Past: A Cultural History of the Baltic People
1729:
813:, a clause interpreted by historians to mean anything from a
30:"Jagiełło" and "Jagiello" redirect here. For other uses, see
2279:
into either Wladislaus or Ladislaus. The choice evoked both
1058:
On 22 June 1399, Jadwiga gave birth to a daughter, baptised
3700:
3277:
3275:
3273:
1601:
Władysław is depicted on the obverse of the modernized 100
1526:
At the dying request of the childless Jadwiga he married a
3260:
3258:
2176:, the last member of royal Jagiellon family, died in 1596.
1439:, who looked upon Poland as an ally in their wars against
1259:
successfully recruited many foreign knights to each side.
3721:
Lites ac res gestae inter Polonos Ordinemque Cruciferorum
2427:"Kodėl Jogaila buvo geras, o Vytautas Didysis - genialus"
1383:. He also sought to create more allies in Lithuania. The
903:; and Vytautas issued a privilege to a Jewish commune of
833:. He was also to be legally adopted by Jadwiga's mother,
1499:, which Władysław had awarded to Lithuania in 1411, and
1066:, generally sympathetic to Władysław, and the gentry of
3718:
Karwasińska, Jadwiga & Zakrzewski, Ignacy (1892),
1670:
A 17th-century depiction of Władysław II Jagiełło and
1208:
against Teutonic rule to draw German forces away from
3918:
Multinational Lithuania: history of ethnic minorities
3769:
Jagiełło królem Polski: z dziejów unii Polski i Litwy
3372:"Narodowy Bank Polski - Internet Information Service"
2977:
2287:, a king who sided with the pope against the emperor
1400:
In 1414, a sporadic new war broke out, known as the "
520:. After he became King of Poland, as a result of the
3685:(in Polish), Warsaw: Państwowy Instytut Wydawniczy,
1654:
Władysław Jagiełło as depicted in Ksawery Pillati's
1454:
In 1422, Władysław fought another war, known as the
465:
until 1399, and then sole ruler of Poland. Raised a
5279:
5270:
5192:
5179:
5141:
5039:
5015:
4996:
4972:
4963:
4940:
4931:
4786:
4738:
4715:
4691:
4670:
4525:
4460:
4432:
4341:
3653:
The Later Crusades 1274–1580: From Lyons to Alcazar
2185:
Some historians have called this system a diarchy (
1368:, and by the king's two-year absence in Lithuania.
1078:, a political match that re-legitimised his reign.
805:, Jogaila confirmed his prenuptial promises in the
672:—founded after 1226 to fight and convert the pagan
385:
375:
354:
318:
287:
275:
252:
236:
232:
222:
212:
204:
196:
181:
146:
123:
100:
83:
76:
52:
5361:Converts to Roman Catholicism from pagan religions
4107:Tannenberg 1410: Disaster for the Teutonic Knights
4091:(in Polish), Poznań-Wrocław: Wydawn. Historyczne,
3954:Dzieje Krzyżaków (History of the Teutonic Knights)
3630:
3572:Deveike, Jone (1950), "The Lithuanian Diarchies",
3555:The Barbarian Invasions: History of the Art of War
1148:, and to support Vytautas in a revived attempt on
4025:(in Polish), Polska Piastów, 2005, archived from
4003:East Central Europe in the Middle Ages, 1000–1500
3149:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3051:
3049:
2988:
2986:
2915:
2913:
2911:
2695:
2672:
2660:
2636:
2259:
2186:
2155:
2149:
2140:
1878:
562:, Grand Duke of Lithuania, and his second wife,
4143:Turnbull, Stephen & McBride, Angus (2004),
3785:Lukowski, Jerzy & Zawadzki, Hubert (2001),
3225:
1549:, who died in 1420 without bearing him a child.
1534:. She died in 1416, leaving a daughter :
3633:The Slavs in European History and Civilization
3498:A History of Eastern Europe: Crisis and Change
2966:
709:and was baptised there under the name Wigand.
162:(1392–1401 as regent, 1401–1430 as grand duke)
4891:
4319:
2739:
2737:
2735:
994:brought to a temporary halt in 1392 with the
93:3/15 August 1382 – 1 June 1434
8:
3518:(in Polish), Gdansk: Słowo/obraz terytoria,
2815:
2813:
2811:
2762:
2760:
2758:
2756:
2754:
2752:
1725:Family tree of Jogaila/Władysław II Jagiello
1364:, disputed between Poland and Lithuania, to
4866:indicates monarch of questioned historicity
4073:, Seattle: University of Washington Press,
4006:, Seattle: University of Washington Press,
3673:(in Lithuanian), Kaunas: redagavo A. Šapoka
3516:Sarkofag Władysława II Jagiełły i Donatello
3094:
3092:
2938:
2936:
2934:
2932:
2930:
2928:
2691:
2689:
2687:
2685:
2232:
1559:), who bore him two surviving sons :
1251:constructed and transported north down the
5276:
5189:
4969:
4937:
4898:
4884:
4876:
4326:
4312:
4304:
4161:
3322:
3281:
3264:
3197:
2898:
2896:
2894:
2830:
2828:
2743:
2515:
2255:
2211:
58:
49:
3249:
3153:
3122:
3040:
3028:
2992:
2919:
2845:
2843:
2778:
2766:
2420:
2418:
2416:
2407:
2337:
2271:A Slavic name that roughly translates as
2162:Names and titles of Władysław II Jagiełło
2094:Names and titles of Władysław II Jagiełło
1475:, for which he received only the town of
1285:The Teutonic Order's castle at Marienburg
748:, thus he was able to communicate in the
660:, used in 1377–1386, before becoming the
200:4 March 1386 – 1 June 1434
3428:Lithuanian National Radio and Television
3221:
3110:
3083:
3071:
3016:
3004:
2861:
2587:Žemaičių krikštas: tyrimai ir refleksija
2484:
2482:
2480:
2478:
2476:
2474:
2395:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
1115:
866:
688:. In 1380, Jogaila concluded the secret
3451:"Five minor planets given Polish names"
3209:
3181:
3165:
2902:
2834:
2802:
2790:
2648:
2559:"Jogailaičiai. Kodėl ne Gediminaičiai?"
2511:
2509:
2312:
2215:
2190:
2129:
1626:
4071:The Polish-Lithuanian State, 1386–1795
3479:
3346:
3334:
3185:
3067:
2873:
2849:
2819:
2705:
2703:
2599:Lithuanian Catholic Academy of Science
2500:
2488:
2465:
2383:
2360:
2296:
2194:
1656:Portraits of Polish Princes and Kings,
1355:regained a small territory beyond the
1159:Also in 1404, Władysław held talks at
1136:undertook to sell Poland the disputed
939:of Jogaila (minted in 1388–1392) with
770:urged him to marry Sofia, daughter of
461:(1386–1434), first alongside his wife
424: – 1 June 1434), later
3966:The New Cambridge Medieval History VI
3574:The Slavonic and East European Review
3358:
3098:
3055:
2942:
2885:
2676:
2453:
2281:Władysław I of Poland, the Elbow-high
2242:
1608:The Jagiełło Oak, an ancient tree in
946:Jagiello's baptism failed to end the
629:against Jogaila's alliance with emir
432:
404:
90:May 1377 – August 1381
37:For monarchs with similar names, see
7:
2320:Grzęda, Mateusz (15 February 2022).
782:and marry the eleven-year-old Queen
516:Jogaila was the last pagan ruler of
3936:A History of Poland: Second Edition
2618:from the original on 9 October 2022
2322:"Ladislaus II Jagiełło (1386–1434)"
1120:Royal seal of Władysław II Jagiełło
652:Seal of Jogaila with his title (in
589:Jogaila with a lion, minted at the
39:Ladislaus Jagiello (disambiguation)
4089:Pierwsze pokolenia Giedyminowiczow
2227:Jadwiga had actually been crowned
1294:, his troops met up with those of
736:, none of the clergy, who came to
25:
3879:Nowakowska, Natalia, ed. (2019).
2978:Karwasińska & Zakrzewski 1892
1314:The road to the Teutonic capital
1204:, where they decided to foment a
820:Jogaila was duly baptised at the
380:Algirdas, Grand Duke of Lithuania
5411:People in the Battle of Grunwald
4041:Sruogienė-Sruoga, Vanda (1987),
3841:"From Pamphlet to Origin Theory"
3823:Byzantium and the Rise of Russia
3761:Zakład Narodowy im. Ossolińskich
3738:A History of Polish Christianity
3558:, University of Nebraska Press,
2717:Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija
1697:
1682:
1663:
1647:
1629:
3843:, in Kooper, Erik Simon (ed.),
3807:, University of Toronto Press,
3757:Drogi zaniku pogaństwa u Bałtów
1339:The war ended in 1411 with the
1196:, 1410. Painting by Jan Matejko
1017:, named after the islet in the
78:Grand/Supreme Duke of Lithuania
4917:List of early Lithuanian dukes
3986:, Cambridge University Press,
3968:, Cambridge University Press,
3916:Potašenko, Grigorijus (2008),
3902:, Cambridge University Press,
3863:A History of the Baltic States
3789:, Cambridge University Press,
3741:, Cambridge University Press,
3396:Hunt, Nick (22 January 2020).
3238:New Cambridge Medieval History
3170:New Cambridge Medieval History
3135:New Cambridge Medieval History
2955:New Cambridge Medieval History
1181:Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic War
1175:Polish–Lithuanian–Teutonic war
1144:, once pawned to the Order by
880:, recovered lands her father,
871:Poland and Lithuania 1386–1434
566:, who was the daughter of the
263:1 June 1434 (aged 71-72/81-82)
1:
3934:Prazmowska, Anita J. (2011),
3881:Remembering the Jagiellonians
3803:Magocsi, Paul Robert (1996),
2089:History of Poland (1385–1569)
1915:Jogaila/Władysław II Jagiełło
858:Ruler of Lithuania and Poland
843:Christianization of Lithuania
734:Christianization of Samogitia
453:in exchange for the title of
434:[vwaˈdɨswafjaˈɡʲɛwwɔ]
418:
5346:15th-century Polish monarchs
5341:14th-century Polish monarchs
5258:Stanisław August Poniatowski
4851:Stanisław August Poniatowski
3637:, Rutgers University Press,
3611:Zeitschrift für Ostforschung
3431:(in Lithuanian). 9 July 2021
2673:Lukowski & Zawadzki 2001
2661:Lukowski & Zawadzki 2001
2637:Lukowski & Zawadzki 2001
2260:Lukowski & Zawadzki 2001
1551:Two years later, he married
974:and not to that of Teutonic
895:a city charter like that of
528:. The allied victory at the
473:in 1386 and was baptized as
5233:Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
4922:List of Lithuanian monarchs
4826:Michał Korybut Wiśniowiecki
4567:Władysław III Spindleshanks
3839:Mickūnaitė, Giedrė (1999),
3787:A Concise History of Poland
3655:, Oxford University Press,
3226:Turnbull & McBride 2004
2339:10.3390/encyclopedia2010034
2156:
1873:
1871:
1869:
1867:
1865:
1863:
1861:
1859:
1857:
1855:
1853:
1851:
1849:
1847:
1817:Uliana Alexandrovna of Tver
1719:Family relations of Jogaila
1545:In 1417, Władysław married
1043:Battle of the Vorskla River
5432:
5396:Lithuanian Roman Catholics
5356:Burials at Wawel Cathedral
4123:Turnbull, Stephen (2004),
4105:Turnbull, Stephen (2003),
3735:Kłoczowski, Jerzy (2000),
2065: b. 30 November 1427
2047: d. 10 November 1444
1716:
1375:, to the archbishopric of
1274:
1178:
1112:Against the Teutonic Order
1083:Union of Vilnius and Radom
966:, the former confessor of
759:
36:
29:
5304:
4911:
4859:
4657:Dukes of Gdańsk Pomerania
4536:Senior or Supreme Princes
4292:
4273:
4258:
4248:
4239:
4231:
4221:
4212:
4204:
4199:
4164:
4145:The Hussite Wars: 1419–36
4069:Stone, Daniel Z. (2001),
3821:Meyendorff, John (1989),
3629:Dvornik, Francis (1992),
3590:The Annals of Jan Dlugosz
3514:Boczkowska, Anna (2011),
3496:Bideleux, Robert (1998),
2150:
2108:List of Lithuanian rulers
2060:
2051:
2045: b. 31 October 1424
2040:
2036: d. 8 December 1431
2029:
2020:
1938:
1922:
1913:
1897:
1881:
1842:
1839:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1824:
1815:
1813:
1804:
1801:
1796:
1793:
1790:
1782:
1779:
1776:
1765:
1763:
1754:
1752:
1743:
1741:
1732:
1584:During an excursion into
766:Jogaila's Russian mother
578:, at his father's manor.
532:in 1410, followed by the
493:. He was a member of the
455:Supreme Duke of Lithuania
174:(1432–1434 as grand duke)
168:(1430–1432 as grand duke)
57:
32:Jagiełło (disambiguation)
5391:Lithuanian former pagans
5371:Grand dukes of Lithuania
4965:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
4652:Dukes of Sieradz-Łęczyca
4000:Sedlar, Jean W. (1994),
3861:O'Connor, Kevin (2003),
3767:Kosman, Marceli (1987),
3755:Kosman, Marceli (1976),
3699:Jurzak, Ryszard (2006),
3651:Housley, Norman (1992),
3295:"Jagiellonians Timeline"
2584:Baronas, Darius (2013).
1911: 29 Jan 1402
1895: 18 Feb 1386
1692:, Central Park, New York
1519:Jagiełło's sarcophagus,
1165:Wenceslaus IV of Bohemia
796:William, Duke of Austria
503:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
247:Grand Duchy of Lithuania
4632:Dukes of Greater Poland
4242:Grand Duke of Lithuania
4215:Grand Duke of Lithuania
3952:Rogalski, Leon (1846),
3898:Plokhy, Serhii (2006),
3726:Bibliotheca Cornicensis
3701:"Władysław II Jagiełło"
3552:Delbrück, Hans (1990),
1952: 7 Feb 1422
1936: 2 May 1417
1445:Four Articles of Prague
1265:Sigismund of Luxembourg
1261:Wenceslas IV of Bohemia
772:Prince Dmitri of Moscow
712:Jogaila formulated the
633:, de facto khan of the
587:Grand Duke of Lithuania
491:Polish–Lithuanian union
447:Grand Duke of Lithuania
341:Władysław III of Poland
5416:Polish Roman Catholics
5243:Augustus II the Strong
4836:Augustus II the Strong
4753:Władysław III of Varna
4637:Dukes of Little Poland
4542:Władysław II the Exile
4497:Casimir I the Restorer
4491:Bolesław the Forgotten
4166:Władysław II Jagiełło
4087:Tęgowski, Jan (1999),
3982:Rowell, S. C. (1994),
3938:, Palgrave Macmillan,
3759:(in Polish), Wrocław:
3532:Bojtár, Endre (1999),
2285:Ladislaus I of Hungary
2233:
2141:
2113:King Jagiello Monument
2056: d. 2 March 1427
2034: b. 8 April 1408
2025: d. 13 July 1399
2023: b. 22 June 1399
1690:King Jagiello Monument
1619:variant of his name).
1523:
1336:
1286:
1197:
1121:
1037:, were crushed by the
987:civil war in Lithuania
943:
872:
665:
602:territories of former
594:
478:
5248:Stanisław Leszczyński
5208:Anna the Jagiellonian
5167:Sigismund II Augustus
5133:Sigismund Kęstutaitis
4906:Monarchs of Lithuania
4778:Sigismund II Augustus
4748:Władysław II Jagiełło
4725:Louis I the Hungarian
4707:Casimir III the Great
4602:Bolesław V the Chaste
4577:Mieszko IV Tanglefoot
4547:Bolesław IV the Curly
4517:Bolesław III Wrymouth
4424:Piast the Wheelwright
4147:, Osprey Publishing,
4129:, Osprey Publishing,
4043:"Jogaila (1350–1434)"
3956:(in Polish), Warsaw:
3847:, Amsterdam: Rodopi,
3730:(in Polish and Latin)
2696:Sruogienė-Sruoga 1987
2557:Statkuvienė, Regina.
2528:Pancerovas, Dovydas.
2275:, Władysław is often
2187:Sruogienė-Sruoga 1987
2067: d. 7 June 1492
2054: b. 16 May 1426
1947:d. 21 September 1461
1637:Władysław II Jagiełło
1518:
1347:, Lithuania regained
1334:
1284:
1192:
1124:The war ended in the
1119:
1076:Casimir III of Poland
1074:, a granddaughter of
991:Konrad von Wallenrode
934:
870:
801:On 14 August 1385 in
651:
643:Grand Duchy of Moscow
593:between 1386 and 1387
584:
467:Lithuanian polytheist
457:(1401–1434) and then
426:Władysław II Jagiełło
172:Sigismund Kęstutaitis
53:Władysław II Jagiełło
5376:Jagiellonian dynasty
5272:Kingdom of Lithuania
5253:August III the Saxon
5228:John II Casimir Vasa
4933:Kingdom of Lithuania
4821:John II Casimir Vasa
4740:Jagiellonian dynasty
4702:Władysław I Łokietek
4502:Bolesław II the Bold
4475:Bolesław I the Brave
4176:Cadet branch of the
4057:on 20 September 2020
3805:A History of Ukraine
3303:University of Oxford
3224:, pp. 233–235;
3168:, pp. 342–343;
2299:, pp. 709–712).
2136:Other names include
2101:for Jovian asteroid
2084:History of Lithuania
1511:Succession and death
1495:of Kraków, occupied
1418:metropolitan of Kiev
1411:Council of Constance
1404:" from the Knights'
1381:Wojciech Jastrzębiec
1309:Ulrich von Jungingen
1218:Ulrich von Jungingen
1134:Konrad von Jungingen
845:. Though the ethnic
756:Baptism and marriage
694:Lithuanian Civil War
690:Treaty of Dovydiškės
625:, sided with Prince
495:Jagiellonian dynasty
346:Casimir IV Jagiellon
5406:People from Vilnius
5401:Order of the Dragon
5331:14th-century births
5203:Henry III of Valois
5162:Sigismund I the Old
5041:House of Gediminids
4773:Sigismund I the Old
4717:Capet-Anjou dynasty
4607:Leszek II the Black
4597:Bolesław the Horned
4557:Casimir II the Just
4552:Mieszko III the Old
4053:(4), archived from
3865:, Greenwood Press,
2967:Polska Piastów 2005
2142:Jogaila Algirdaitis
2021:Elizabeth Bonifacia
1926:Elisabeth of Pilica
1885:Jadwiga I of Poland
1761:d. 22 October 1339
1756:Alexander I of Tver
1617:Lithuanian language
1547:Elisabeth of Pilica
1321:Heinrich von Plauen
1206:Samogitian uprising
1060:Elizabeth Bonifacia
968:Elizabeth of Poland
909:Boleslaus the Pious
886:Petru I of Moldavia
847:Lithuanian nobility
835:Elizabeth of Bosnia
776:Orthodox Christians
730:Lithuanian language
558:and was the son of
538:Poland's Golden Age
511:early modern Europe
487:converted Lithuania
406:[jɔˈɡâːɪɫɐ]
328:Elizabeth Bonifacia
305:Elisabeth of Pilica
266:Gródek Jagielloński
5218:Sigismund III Vasa
5143:House of Jagiellon
5017:House of Mindaugas
4974:House of Mindaugas
4942:House of Mindaugas
4811:Sigismund III Vasa
4662:Dukes of Pomerania
4592:Henry II the Pious
4507:Władysław I Herman
4485:Mieszko II Lambert
4335:Monarchs of Poland
4029:on 18 October 2006
3705:Dynastic Genealogy
3683:Polska Jagiellonów
3461:on 22 October 2021
3402:Emergence Magazine
3212:, pp. 351–361
3156:, pp. 121–124
3125:, pp. 113–120
2995:, pp. 106–107
2922:, pp. 103–105
2905:, pp. 222–225
2601:. pp. 33–34.
2491:, pp. 709–712
2398:, pp. 124–125
2386:, pp. 180–186
2291:and Christianised
1942:Sophia of Halshany
1553:Sophia of Halshany
1524:
1493:Zbigniew Oleśnicki
1466:, but the city of
1337:
1304:Battle of Grunwald
1287:
1277:Battle of Grunwald
1271:Battle of Grunwald
1198:
1194:Battle of Grunwald
1185:Battle of Grunwald
1122:
1093:defensive alliance
957:diocese of Vilnius
944:
882:Louis I of Hungary
873:
750:Samogitian dialect
666:
639:Battle of Kulikovo
595:
585:Early coin of the
530:Battle of Grunwald
518:medieval Lithuania
469:, he converted to
310:Sophia of Halshany
5386:Jure uxoris kings
5318:
5317:
5300:
5299:
5266:
5265:
5238:John III Sobieski
5223:Ladislaus IV Vasa
5181:Polish–Lithuanian
5175:
5174:
5114:
5102:
5090:
5073:
4998:House of Monomakh
4959:
4958:
4873:
4872:
4831:John III Sobieski
4816:Władysław IV Vasa
4788:Elective monarchy
4672:Přemyslid dynasty
4587:Henry the Bearded
4302:
4301:
4293:Succeeded by
4271:
4249:Succeeded by
4222:Succeeded by
4179:Gediminid dynasty
4171:Jagiellon dynasty
4154:978-1-84176-665-2
4136:978-1-84176-712-3
4116:978-1-84176-561-7
4098:978-83-913563-1-9
4080:978-0-295-98093-5
4013:978-0-295-97290-9
3993:978-0-521-45011-9
3975:978-0-521-36290-0
3958:Samuel Orgelbrand
3909:978-0-521-86403-9
3890:978-1-138-56239-4
3872:978-0-313-32355-3
3854:978-90-420-0834-2
3832:978-0-88141-079-2
3814:978-0-8020-7820-9
3796:978-0-521-55917-1
3778:978-83-02-03292-9
3748:978-0-521-36429-4
3692:978-83-06-01796-0
3662:978-0-19-822136-4
3644:978-0-8135-0799-6
3599:978-1-901019-00-1
3565:978-0-8032-6447-2
3545:978-963-9116-42-9
3525:978-8-374-53799-5
3507:978-0-415-16111-4
3299:Jagiellonians.com
2769:, pp. 80–146
2608:978-9986-592-71-6
2593:(in Lithuanian).
2073:
2072:
1877:
1876:
1705:Grunwald Monument
1676:Tommaso Dolabella
1672:Jadwiga of Poland
1610:Białowieża Forest
1449:Sigismund Korybut
1202:Navahrudak Castle
1169:Holy Roman Empire
1146:Władysław Opolski
1015:Treaty of Salynas
913:Casimir the Great
899:, modeled on the
784:Jadwiga of Poland
762:Jadwiga of Poland
619:Andrei of Polotsk
572:Alexander of Tver
556:Gediminid dynasty
499:Gediminid dynasty
395:
394:
369:Gediminid dynasty
295:Jadwiga of Poland
270:Kingdom of Poland
192:
16:(Redirected from
5423:
5277:
5190:
5152:Casimir Jagellon
5108:
5096:
5084:
5067:
4970:
4938:
4900:
4893:
4886:
4877:
4647:Dukes of Kuyavia
4642:Dukes of Masovia
4627:Dukes of Silesia
4612:Henryk IV Probus
4572:Władysław Odonic
4562:Leszek the White
4328:
4321:
4314:
4305:
4265:
4259:Preceded by
4232:Preceded by
4205:Preceded by
4195:
4188:
4162:
4157:
4139:
4119:
4101:
4083:
4065:
4064:
4062:
4037:
4036:
4034:
4016:
3996:
3978:
3960:
3948:
3930:
3912:
3894:
3875:
3857:
3835:
3817:
3799:
3781:
3763:
3751:
3731:
3728:
3714:
3713:
3711:
3695:
3679:Jasienica, Paweł
3674:
3665:
3647:
3636:
3625:
3602:
3581:
3568:
3548:
3528:
3510:
3482:
3477:
3471:
3470:
3468:
3466:
3457:. Archived from
3447:
3441:
3440:
3438:
3436:
3419:
3413:
3412:
3410:
3408:
3393:
3387:
3386:
3384:
3382:
3368:
3362:
3356:
3350:
3344:
3338:
3332:
3326:
3320:
3314:
3313:
3311:
3309:
3291:
3285:
3279:
3268:
3262:
3253:
3247:
3241:
3235:
3229:
3228:, pp. 11–12
3219:
3213:
3207:
3201:
3195:
3189:
3179:
3173:
3163:
3157:
3151:
3138:
3132:
3126:
3120:
3114:
3108:
3102:
3096:
3087:
3081:
3075:
3065:
3059:
3053:
3044:
3038:
3032:
3026:
3020:
3014:
3008:
3007:, pp. 32–33
3002:
2996:
2990:
2981:
2975:
2969:
2964:
2958:
2952:
2946:
2940:
2923:
2917:
2906:
2900:
2889:
2883:
2877:
2871:
2865:
2859:
2853:
2847:
2838:
2832:
2823:
2817:
2806:
2800:
2794:
2788:
2782:
2781:, pp. 74–80
2776:
2770:
2764:
2747:
2746:, pp. 54–57
2741:
2730:
2729:
2727:
2725:
2707:
2698:
2693:
2680:
2670:
2664:
2658:
2652:
2646:
2640:
2634:
2628:
2627:
2625:
2623:
2617:
2592:
2581:
2575:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2554:
2548:
2547:
2545:
2543:
2525:
2519:
2513:
2504:
2498:
2492:
2486:
2469:
2463:
2457:
2451:
2445:
2444:
2442:
2440:
2425:Plikūnė, Dalia.
2422:
2411:
2405:
2399:
2393:
2387:
2381:
2364:
2358:
2352:
2351:
2341:
2317:
2300:
2269:
2263:
2252:
2246:
2236:
2225:
2219:
2204:
2198:
2183:
2177:
2171:
2165:
2159:
2153:
2152:
2144:
2134:
1951:
1935:
1910:
1894:
1890:d. 17 July 1399
1879:
1730:
1701:
1686:
1674:by the cross by
1667:
1651:
1633:
1557:Uliana Olshanska
1481:sporadic warfare
1385:Union of Horodło
1140:and the town of
1126:Treaty of Raciąż
996:Treaty of Ostrów
792:Galicia–Volhynia
786:. The nobles of
714:Treaty of Dubysa
670:Teutonic Knights
627:Dmitri of Moscow
444:
443:
442:
436:
431:
423:
422: 1352/1362
420:
416:
415:
414:
408:
403:
333:Hedwig Jagiellon
262:
260:
186:
62:
50:
21:
5431:
5430:
5426:
5425:
5424:
5422:
5421:
5420:
5381:Kings of Poland
5321:
5320:
5319:
5314:
5296:
5262:
5213:Stephen Báthory
5183:
5171:
5137:
5035:
5011:
4992:
4955:
4927:
4926:
4907:
4904:
4874:
4869:
4855:
4806:Stephen Báthory
4796:Henry of Valois
4782:
4734:
4711:
4687:
4666:
4528:
4521:
4456:
4428:
4337:
4332:
4298:
4281:
4279:
4268:as sole monarch
4264:
4254:
4245:
4237:
4227:
4218:
4210:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4174:
4167:
4160:
4155:
4142:
4137:
4122:
4117:
4104:
4099:
4086:
4081:
4068:
4060:
4058:
4040:
4032:
4030:
4019:
4014:
3999:
3994:
3981:
3976:
3963:
3951:
3946:
3933:
3928:
3915:
3910:
3897:
3891:
3878:
3873:
3860:
3855:
3838:
3833:
3820:
3815:
3802:
3797:
3784:
3779:
3766:
3754:
3749:
3734:
3729:
3717:
3709:
3707:
3698:
3693:
3677:
3668:
3663:
3650:
3645:
3628:
3605:
3600:
3584:
3571:
3566:
3551:
3546:
3531:
3526:
3513:
3508:
3495:
3491:
3486:
3485:
3478:
3474:
3464:
3462:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3434:
3432:
3421:
3420:
3416:
3406:
3404:
3395:
3394:
3390:
3380:
3378:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3357:
3353:
3345:
3341:
3333:
3329:
3323:Prazmowska 2011
3321:
3317:
3307:
3305:
3293:
3292:
3288:
3282:Nowakowska 2019
3280:
3271:
3265:Nowakowska 2019
3263:
3256:
3248:
3244:
3236:
3232:
3220:
3216:
3208:
3204:
3198:Kłoczowski 2000
3196:
3192:
3184:, p. 361;
3180:
3176:
3164:
3160:
3152:
3141:
3133:
3129:
3121:
3117:
3109:
3105:
3097:
3090:
3082:
3078:
3070:, p. 182;
3066:
3062:
3054:
3047:
3039:
3035:
3027:
3023:
3015:
3011:
3003:
2999:
2991:
2984:
2976:
2972:
2965:
2961:
2953:
2949:
2941:
2926:
2918:
2909:
2901:
2892:
2884:
2880:
2872:
2868:
2860:
2856:
2848:
2841:
2833:
2826:
2818:
2809:
2801:
2797:
2789:
2785:
2777:
2773:
2765:
2750:
2744:Kłoczowski 2000
2742:
2733:
2723:
2721:
2720:(in Lithuanian)
2709:
2708:
2701:
2694:
2683:
2671:
2667:
2659:
2655:
2647:
2643:
2635:
2631:
2621:
2619:
2615:
2609:
2590:
2583:
2582:
2578:
2568:
2566:
2565:(in Lithuanian)
2556:
2555:
2551:
2541:
2539:
2538:(in Lithuanian)
2527:
2526:
2522:
2516:Mickūnaitė 1999
2514:
2507:
2499:
2495:
2487:
2472:
2464:
2460:
2452:
2448:
2438:
2436:
2435:(in Lithuanian)
2424:
2423:
2414:
2406:
2402:
2394:
2390:
2382:
2367:
2359:
2355:
2332:(1): 515, 525.
2319:
2318:
2314:
2309:
2304:
2303:
2270:
2266:
2256:Kłoczowski 2000
2253:
2249:
2226:
2222:
2218:, p. 221).
2212:Meyendorff 1989
2208:John Meyendorff
2205:
2201:
2184:
2180:
2172:
2168:
2135:
2131:
2126:
2099:Naming citation
2080:
2075:
2074:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2057:
2055:
2053:
2048:
2046:
2044:
2037:
2035:
2033:
2026:
2024:
2022:
1949:
1948:
1946:
1944:
1940:
1933:
1932:
1931:d. 12 May 1420
1930:
1928:
1924:
1920:d. 1 June 1434
1919:
1917:
1908:
1907:
1906:d. 21 May 1416
1905:
1903:
1899:
1892:
1891:
1889:
1887:
1883:
1821:
1819:
1810:
1808:
1760:
1758:
1749:
1747:
1738:
1736:
1727:
1721:
1715:
1708:
1702:
1693:
1687:
1678:
1668:
1659:
1652:
1643:
1634:
1625:
1599:
1578:Polish nobility
1550:
1521:Wawel Cathedral
1513:
1460:Treaty of Melno
1430:Paweł Włodkowic
1398:
1329:
1279:
1273:
1187:
1179:Main articles:
1177:
1114:
1056:
1051:
1008:Duchy of Trakai
964:Andrzej Wasilko
941:Vytis (Pahonia)
929:
917:Union of Lublin
865:
860:
822:Wawel Cathedral
764:
758:
551:
546:
439:
438:
437:
429:
421:
411:
410:
409:
401:
350:
314:
283:
281:Wawel Cathedral
264:
258:
256:
241:
185:
177:
142:
119:
96:
72:
66:Wawel Cathedral
46:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5429:
5427:
5419:
5418:
5413:
5408:
5403:
5398:
5393:
5388:
5383:
5378:
5373:
5368:
5363:
5358:
5353:
5351:Adult adoptees
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5323:
5322:
5316:
5315:
5307:Titular rulers
5305:
5302:
5301:
5298:
5297:
5295:
5294:
5286:
5284:
5281:House of Urach
5274:
5268:
5267:
5264:
5263:
5261:
5260:
5255:
5250:
5245:
5240:
5235:
5230:
5225:
5220:
5215:
5210:
5205:
5199:
5197:
5187:
5177:
5176:
5173:
5172:
5170:
5169:
5164:
5159:
5154:
5148:
5146:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5135:
5130:
5125:
5120:
5115:
5103:
5091:
5079:
5074:
5062:
5057:
5052:
5046:
5044:
5037:
5036:
5034:
5033:
5028:
5022:
5020:
5013:
5012:
5010:
5009:
5003:
5001:
4994:
4993:
4991:
4990:
4985:
4979:
4977:
4967:
4961:
4960:
4957:
4956:
4954:
4953:
4947:
4945:
4935:
4929:
4928:
4925:
4924:
4919:
4913:
4912:
4909:
4908:
4905:
4903:
4902:
4895:
4888:
4880:
4871:
4870:
4868:
4867:
4860:
4857:
4856:
4854:
4853:
4848:
4843:
4838:
4833:
4828:
4823:
4818:
4813:
4808:
4803:
4801:Anna Jagiellon
4798:
4792:
4790:
4784:
4783:
4781:
4780:
4775:
4770:
4765:
4760:
4755:
4750:
4744:
4742:
4736:
4735:
4733:
4732:
4727:
4721:
4719:
4713:
4712:
4710:
4709:
4704:
4698:
4696:
4689:
4688:
4686:
4684:Wenceslaus III
4681:
4676:
4674:
4668:
4667:
4665:
4664:
4659:
4654:
4649:
4644:
4639:
4634:
4629:
4620:
4619:
4614:
4609:
4604:
4599:
4594:
4589:
4584:
4579:
4574:
4569:
4564:
4559:
4554:
4549:
4544:
4533:
4531:
4523:
4522:
4520:
4519:
4514:
4509:
4504:
4499:
4494:
4487:
4482:
4477:
4472:
4466:
4464:
4458:
4457:
4455:
4454:
4449:
4444:
4438:
4436:
4434:Proto-historic
4430:
4429:
4427:
4426:
4421:
4416:
4411:
4404:
4397:
4390:
4383:
4376:
4369:
4362:
4355:
4347:
4345:
4339:
4338:
4333:
4331:
4330:
4323:
4316:
4308:
4300:
4299:
4294:
4291:
4276:King of Poland
4272:
4260:
4256:
4255:
4250:
4247:
4238:
4233:
4229:
4228:
4223:
4220:
4211:
4206:
4202:
4201:
4200:Regnal titles
4197:
4196:
4175:
4168:
4165:
4159:
4158:
4153:
4140:
4135:
4120:
4115:
4102:
4097:
4084:
4079:
4066:
4038:
4017:
4012:
3997:
3992:
3979:
3974:
3961:
3949:
3945:978-0230345379
3944:
3931:
3926:
3913:
3908:
3895:
3889:
3876:
3871:
3858:
3853:
3836:
3831:
3818:
3813:
3800:
3795:
3782:
3777:
3764:
3752:
3747:
3732:
3715:
3696:
3691:
3675:
3666:
3661:
3648:
3643:
3626:
3617:(2): 161–173,
3603:
3598:
3582:
3569:
3564:
3549:
3544:
3529:
3524:
3511:
3506:
3492:
3490:
3487:
3484:
3483:
3472:
3442:
3414:
3388:
3363:
3351:
3339:
3327:
3315:
3286:
3269:
3254:
3250:Jasienica 1988
3242:
3230:
3214:
3202:
3190:
3174:
3158:
3154:Jasienica 1988
3139:
3127:
3123:Jasienica 1988
3115:
3103:
3088:
3076:
3060:
3045:
3041:Jasienica 1988
3033:
3029:Jasienica 1988
3021:
3009:
2997:
2993:Jasienica 1988
2982:
2970:
2959:
2947:
2924:
2920:Jasienica 1988
2907:
2890:
2878:
2866:
2854:
2839:
2824:
2807:
2795:
2783:
2779:Jasienica 1988
2771:
2767:Jasienica 1988
2748:
2731:
2699:
2681:
2675:, p. 41;
2665:
2653:
2641:
2629:
2607:
2576:
2549:
2520:
2505:
2493:
2470:
2458:
2446:
2412:
2408:Potašenko 2008
2400:
2388:
2365:
2353:
2311:
2310:
2308:
2305:
2302:
2301:
2264:
2247:
2229:king of Poland
2220:
2206:The historian
2199:
2197:, p. 68).
2178:
2174:Anna Jagiellon
2166:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2120:
2115:
2110:
2105:
2103:202093 Jogaila
2096:
2091:
2086:
2079:
2076:
2071:
2070:
2059:
2050:
2039:
2028:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2011:
2008:
2005:
2002:
1999:
1996:
1993:
1990:
1986:
1985:
1982:
1979:
1976:
1973:
1970:
1967:
1964:
1961:
1958:
1954:
1953:
1937:
1921:
1912:
1896:
1875:
1874:
1872:
1870:
1868:
1866:
1864:
1862:
1860:
1858:
1856:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1845:
1844:
1841:
1837:
1836:
1833:
1830:
1826:
1825:
1823:
1814:
1812:
1803:
1799:
1798:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1787:
1784:
1781:
1778:
1775:
1771:
1770:
1764:
1762:
1753:
1751:
1742:
1740:
1728:
1723:
1722:
1717:Main article:
1714:
1711:
1710:
1709:
1703:
1696:
1694:
1688:
1681:
1679:
1669:
1662:
1660:
1653:
1646:
1644:
1635:
1628:
1624:
1621:
1598:
1595:
1574:
1573:
1567:
1543:
1542:
1512:
1509:
1426:Zawisza Czarny
1406:scorched-earth
1397:
1396:Last conflicts
1394:
1341:Peace of Thorn
1328:
1325:
1275:Main article:
1272:
1269:
1249:pontoon bridge
1176:
1173:
1113:
1110:
1068:Greater Poland
1055:
1052:
1050:
1049:King of Poland
1047:
928:
925:
864:
861:
859:
856:
815:personal union
807:Union of Krewo
768:Uliana of Tver
757:
754:
662:King of Poland
612:Duke of Trakai
564:Uliana of Tver
550:
547:
545:
542:
534:Peace of Thorn
526:Teutonic Order
522:Union of Krewo
459:King of Poland
393:
392:
390:Uliana of Tver
387:
383:
382:
377:
373:
372:
358:
352:
351:
349:
348:
343:
338:
335:
330:
324:
322:
316:
315:
313:
312:
307:
302:
297:
291:
289:
285:
284:
279:
277:
273:
272:
254:
250:
249:
238:
234:
233:
230:
229:
224:
220:
219:
214:
210:
209:
206:
202:
201:
198:
194:
193:
183:King of Poland
179:
178:
176:
175:
169:
163:
157:
150:
148:
144:
143:
141:
140:
134:
127:
125:
121:
120:
118:
117:
111:
104:
102:
98:
97:
95:
94:
91:
87:
85:
81:
80:
74:
73:
63:
55:
54:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5428:
5417:
5414:
5412:
5409:
5407:
5404:
5402:
5399:
5397:
5394:
5392:
5389:
5387:
5384:
5382:
5379:
5377:
5374:
5372:
5369:
5367:
5364:
5362:
5359:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5328:
5326:
5312:
5308:
5303:
5293:
5292:
5288:
5287:
5285:
5282:
5278:
5275:
5273:
5269:
5259:
5256:
5254:
5251:
5249:
5246:
5244:
5241:
5239:
5236:
5234:
5231:
5229:
5226:
5224:
5221:
5219:
5216:
5214:
5211:
5209:
5206:
5204:
5201:
5200:
5198:
5195:
5191:
5188:
5186:
5182:
5178:
5168:
5165:
5163:
5160:
5158:
5155:
5153:
5150:
5149:
5147:
5144:
5140:
5134:
5131:
5129:
5126:
5124:
5121:
5119:
5116:
5112:
5107:
5104:
5100:
5095:
5092:
5088:
5083:
5080:
5078:
5075:
5071:
5066:
5063:
5061:
5058:
5056:
5053:
5051:
5048:
5047:
5045:
5042:
5038:
5032:
5029:
5027:
5024:
5023:
5021:
5018:
5014:
5008:
5005:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4995:
4989:
4986:
4984:
4981:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4971:
4968:
4966:
4962:
4952:
4949:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4939:
4936:
4934:
4930:
4923:
4920:
4918:
4915:
4914:
4910:
4901:
4896:
4894:
4889:
4887:
4882:
4881:
4878:
4865:
4862:
4861:
4858:
4852:
4849:
4847:
4844:
4842:
4839:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4827:
4824:
4822:
4819:
4817:
4814:
4812:
4809:
4807:
4804:
4802:
4799:
4797:
4794:
4793:
4791:
4789:
4785:
4779:
4776:
4774:
4771:
4769:
4766:
4764:
4763:John I Albert
4761:
4759:
4756:
4754:
4751:
4749:
4746:
4745:
4743:
4741:
4737:
4731:
4728:
4726:
4723:
4722:
4720:
4718:
4714:
4708:
4705:
4703:
4700:
4699:
4697:
4695:
4694:Piast dynasty
4690:
4685:
4682:
4680:
4679:Wenceslaus II
4677:
4675:
4673:
4669:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4653:
4650:
4648:
4645:
4643:
4640:
4638:
4635:
4633:
4630:
4628:
4625:
4622:
4621:
4618:
4615:
4613:
4610:
4608:
4605:
4603:
4600:
4598:
4595:
4593:
4590:
4588:
4585:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4573:
4570:
4568:
4565:
4563:
4560:
4558:
4555:
4553:
4550:
4548:
4545:
4543:
4540:
4539:
4538:
4537:
4532:
4530:
4527:Fragmentation
4524:
4518:
4515:
4513:
4510:
4508:
4505:
4503:
4500:
4498:
4495:
4493:
4492:
4488:
4486:
4483:
4481:
4478:
4476:
4473:
4471:
4468:
4467:
4465:
4463:
4462:Piast dynasty
4459:
4453:
4450:
4448:
4445:
4443:
4440:
4439:
4437:
4435:
4431:
4425:
4422:
4420:
4417:
4415:
4412:
4410:
4409:
4405:
4403:
4402:
4398:
4396:
4395:
4391:
4389:
4388:
4384:
4382:
4381:
4377:
4375:
4374:
4370:
4368:
4367:
4363:
4361:
4360:
4356:
4354:
4353:
4349:
4348:
4346:
4344:
4340:
4336:
4329:
4324:
4322:
4317:
4315:
4310:
4309:
4306:
4297:
4296:Władysław III
4290:
4287:
4286:
4278:
4277:
4270:
4269:
4263:
4257:
4253:
4244:
4243:
4236:
4230:
4226:
4217:
4216:
4209:
4203:
4198:
4193:
4186:
4181:
4180:
4173:
4172:
4163:
4156:
4150:
4146:
4141:
4138:
4132:
4128:
4127:
4121:
4118:
4112:
4108:
4103:
4100:
4094:
4090:
4085:
4082:
4076:
4072:
4067:
4056:
4052:
4048:
4044:
4039:
4028:
4024:
4023:
4018:
4015:
4009:
4005:
4004:
3998:
3995:
3989:
3985:
3980:
3977:
3971:
3967:
3962:
3959:
3955:
3950:
3947:
3941:
3937:
3932:
3929:
3927:9785430052508
3923:
3919:
3914:
3911:
3905:
3901:
3896:
3892:
3886:
3883:. Routledge.
3882:
3877:
3874:
3868:
3864:
3859:
3856:
3850:
3846:
3842:
3837:
3834:
3828:
3824:
3819:
3816:
3810:
3806:
3801:
3798:
3792:
3788:
3783:
3780:
3774:
3770:
3765:
3762:
3758:
3753:
3750:
3744:
3740:
3739:
3733:
3727:
3723:
3722:
3716:
3706:
3702:
3697:
3694:
3688:
3684:
3680:
3676:
3672:
3667:
3664:
3658:
3654:
3649:
3646:
3640:
3635:
3634:
3627:
3624:
3620:
3616:
3613:(in German),
3612:
3608:
3604:
3601:
3595:
3591:
3587:
3583:
3580:(71): 392–405
3579:
3575:
3570:
3567:
3561:
3557:
3556:
3550:
3547:
3541:
3537:
3536:
3530:
3527:
3521:
3517:
3512:
3509:
3503:
3500:, Routledge,
3499:
3494:
3493:
3488:
3481:
3476:
3473:
3460:
3456:
3452:
3446:
3443:
3430:
3429:
3424:
3418:
3415:
3403:
3399:
3392:
3389:
3377:
3373:
3367:
3364:
3360:
3355:
3352:
3349:, p. 711
3348:
3343:
3340:
3337:, p. 282
3336:
3331:
3328:
3324:
3319:
3316:
3304:
3300:
3296:
3290:
3287:
3284:, p. xi.
3283:
3278:
3276:
3274:
3270:
3266:
3261:
3259:
3255:
3252:, p. 130
3251:
3246:
3243:
3239:
3234:
3231:
3227:
3223:
3222:Bideleux 1998
3218:
3215:
3211:
3206:
3203:
3199:
3194:
3191:
3188:, p. 733
3187:
3183:
3178:
3175:
3171:
3167:
3162:
3159:
3155:
3150:
3148:
3146:
3144:
3140:
3136:
3131:
3128:
3124:
3119:
3116:
3112:
3111:Turnbull 2003
3107:
3104:
3100:
3095:
3093:
3089:
3085:
3084:Turnbull 2003
3080:
3077:
3073:
3072:Turnbull 2003
3069:
3064:
3061:
3057:
3052:
3050:
3046:
3043:, p. 110
3042:
3037:
3034:
3031:, p. 108
3030:
3025:
3022:
3019:, p. 526
3018:
3017:Delbrück 1990
3013:
3010:
3006:
3005:Turnbull 2003
3001:
2998:
2994:
2989:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2974:
2971:
2968:
2963:
2960:
2956:
2951:
2948:
2944:
2939:
2937:
2935:
2933:
2931:
2929:
2925:
2921:
2916:
2914:
2912:
2908:
2904:
2899:
2897:
2895:
2891:
2887:
2882:
2879:
2876:, p. 732
2875:
2870:
2867:
2863:
2862:Turnbull 2004
2858:
2855:
2852:, p. 388
2851:
2846:
2844:
2840:
2837:, p. 354
2836:
2831:
2829:
2825:
2821:
2816:
2814:
2812:
2808:
2805:, p. 134
2804:
2799:
2796:
2793:, p. 344
2792:
2787:
2784:
2780:
2775:
2772:
2768:
2763:
2761:
2759:
2757:
2755:
2753:
2749:
2745:
2740:
2738:
2736:
2732:
2719:
2718:
2713:
2706:
2704:
2700:
2697:
2692:
2690:
2688:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2669:
2666:
2662:
2657:
2654:
2651:, p. 129
2650:
2645:
2642:
2638:
2633:
2630:
2614:
2610:
2604:
2600:
2596:
2589:
2588:
2580:
2577:
2564:
2560:
2553:
2550:
2537:
2536:
2531:
2524:
2521:
2518:, p. 157
2517:
2512:
2510:
2506:
2503:, p. 181
2502:
2497:
2494:
2490:
2485:
2483:
2481:
2479:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2447:
2434:
2433:
2428:
2421:
2419:
2417:
2413:
2409:
2404:
2401:
2397:
2396:Tęgowski 1999
2392:
2389:
2385:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2366:
2363:, p. 182
2362:
2357:
2354:
2349:
2345:
2340:
2335:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2316:
2313:
2306:
2298:
2294:
2290:
2286:
2282:
2278:
2274:
2273:glorious rule
2268:
2265:
2262:, p. 38)
2261:
2257:
2251:
2248:
2245:, p. 8).
2244:
2240:
2239:queen regnant
2235:
2230:
2224:
2221:
2217:
2213:
2209:
2203:
2200:
2196:
2192:
2188:
2182:
2179:
2175:
2170:
2167:
2163:
2158:
2148:
2143:
2139:
2133:
2130:
2123:
2119:
2118:List of Poles
2116:
2114:
2111:
2109:
2106:
2104:
2100:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2090:
2087:
2085:
2082:
2081:
2077:
2063:
2043:
2042:Władysław III
2032:
2019:
2015:
2012:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1994:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1983:
1980:
1977:
1974:
1971:
1968:
1965:
1962:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1943:
1927:
1916:
1902:
1901:Anne of Cilli
1886:
1880:
1846:
1838:
1827:
1818:
1807:
1800:
1789:
1785:
1773:
1772:
1769:
1766:Anastasia of
1757:
1746:
1735:
1731:
1726:
1720:
1712:
1706:
1700:
1695:
1691:
1685:
1680:
1677:
1673:
1666:
1661:
1657:
1650:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1632:
1627:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1613:
1611:
1606:
1604:
1596:
1594:
1591:
1587:
1586:Przemyśl Land
1582:
1579:
1571:
1568:
1565:
1562:
1561:
1560:
1558:
1554:
1548:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1535:
1533:
1532:Anna of Celje
1529:
1522:
1517:
1510:
1508:
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1489:
1484:
1482:
1478:
1474:
1469:
1465:
1461:
1457:
1452:
1450:
1446:
1442:
1438:
1433:
1431:
1427:
1423:
1422:Mikołaj Trąba
1419:
1414:
1412:
1407:
1403:
1395:
1393:
1391:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1374:
1373:Mikołaj Trąba
1369:
1367:
1363:
1358:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1342:
1333:
1326:
1324:
1322:
1317:
1312:
1310:
1305:
1301:
1297:
1293:
1283:
1278:
1270:
1268:
1266:
1262:
1256:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1223:
1219:
1215:
1211:
1207:
1203:
1195:
1191:
1186:
1182:
1174:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1157:
1155:
1151:
1147:
1143:
1139:
1135:
1132:; in return,
1131:
1127:
1118:
1111:
1109:
1107:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1089:
1084:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1072:Anna of Cilli
1069:
1065:
1064:Lesser Poland
1061:
1054:Early actions
1053:
1048:
1046:
1044:
1040:
1036:
1032:
1028:
1024:
1020:
1016:
1011:
1009:
1005:
1001:
997:
992:
988:
984:
979:
977:
973:
969:
965:
962:
958:
953:
949:
942:
938:
933:
926:
924:
920:
918:
914:
910:
906:
902:
901:Magdeburg Law
898:
894:
889:
887:
883:
879:
869:
862:
857:
855:
853:
848:
844:
840:
836:
832:
827:
823:
818:
816:
812:
808:
804:
799:
797:
793:
789:
788:Lesser Poland
785:
781:
777:
773:
769:
763:
755:
753:
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
726:
723:
719:
715:
710:
708:
704:
700:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
674:Baltic tribes
671:
663:
659:
656:) as King in
655:
650:
646:
644:
640:
636:
632:
628:
624:
620:
615:
613:
609:
605:
601:
592:
588:
583:
579:
577:
573:
569:
565:
561:
557:
548:
543:
541:
539:
535:
531:
527:
523:
519:
514:
512:
508:
504:
500:
496:
492:
488:
484:
480:
476:
472:
468:
464:
460:
456:
452:
448:
441:
435:
427:
413:
407:
399:
391:
388:
384:
381:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
359:
357:
353:
347:
344:
342:
339:
336:
334:
331:
329:
326:
325:
323:
321:
317:
311:
308:
306:
303:
301:
300:Anna of Cilli
298:
296:
293:
292:
290:
286:
282:
278:
274:
271:
267:
255:
251:
248:
244:
239:
235:
231:
228:
227:Władysław III
225:
221:
218:
215:
211:
207:
203:
199:
195:
190:
184:
180:
173:
170:
167:
164:
161:
158:
155:
152:
151:
149:
145:
138:
137:Władysław III
135:
132:
129:
128:
126:
122:
115:
112:
109:
106:
105:
103:
99:
92:
89:
88:
86:
82:
79:
75:
71:
67:
61:
56:
51:
48:
44:
40:
33:
19:
5310:
5291:Mindaugas II
5289:
5185:Commonwealth
5093:
4863:
4846:Augustus III
4747:
4623:
4534:
4489:
4406:
4399:
4392:
4385:
4378:
4371:
4364:
4357:
4350:
4288:
4282:
4274:
4267:
4266:
4240:
4213:
4191:
4187:c. 1351/1362
4184:
4177:
4169:
4144:
4125:
4106:
4088:
4070:
4059:, retrieved
4055:the original
4050:
4046:
4031:, retrieved
4027:the original
4021:
4002:
3983:
3965:
3953:
3935:
3917:
3899:
3880:
3862:
3844:
3822:
3804:
3786:
3768:
3756:
3737:
3720:
3710:27 September
3708:, retrieved
3704:
3682:
3670:
3652:
3632:
3614:
3610:
3607:Drabina, Jan
3589:
3586:Długosz, Jan
3577:
3573:
3554:
3534:
3515:
3497:
3475:
3463:. Retrieved
3459:the original
3455:Polandin.com
3454:
3445:
3433:. Retrieved
3426:
3417:
3405:. Retrieved
3401:
3391:
3379:. Retrieved
3375:
3366:
3361:, p. 22
3354:
3342:
3330:
3325:, p. 72
3318:
3306:. Retrieved
3298:
3289:
3267:, p. x.
3245:
3237:
3233:
3217:
3210:Housley 1992
3205:
3200:, p. 73
3193:
3182:Housley 1992
3177:
3169:
3166:Dvornik 1992
3161:
3134:
3130:
3118:
3113:, p. 73
3106:
3101:, p. 17
3079:
3063:
3058:, p. 16
3036:
3024:
3012:
3000:
2980:, p. 21
2973:
2962:
2954:
2950:
2945:, p. 11
2903:Dvornik 1992
2888:, p. 10
2881:
2869:
2864:, p. 22
2857:
2835:Housley 1992
2822:, p. 98
2803:Magocsi 1996
2798:
2791:Dvornik 1992
2786:
2774:
2722:. Retrieved
2715:
2668:
2663:, p. 37
2656:
2649:Dvornik 1992
2644:
2639:, p. 42
2632:
2620:. Retrieved
2586:
2579:
2567:. Retrieved
2562:
2552:
2540:. Retrieved
2533:
2523:
2496:
2468:, p. 46
2461:
2449:
2437:. Retrieved
2430:
2410:, p. 30
2403:
2391:
2356:
2329:
2326:Encyclopedia
2325:
2315:
2293:Transylvania
2272:
2267:
2250:
2223:
2216:Dvornik 1992
2202:
2191:Deveike 1950
2181:
2169:
2160:). See also
2132:
1914:
1811:d. May 1377
1724:
1655:
1636:
1614:
1607:
1603:Polish złoty
1600:
1583:
1575:
1544:
1541:(1408–1431).
1525:
1485:
1473:Chełmno Land
1453:
1434:
1415:
1399:
1370:
1345:Dobrzyń Land
1338:
1313:
1288:
1257:
1226:
1222:Nowy Korczyn
1199:
1158:
1138:Dobrzyń Land
1123:
1098:
1080:
1057:
1012:
1004:dux supremus
1003:
999:
980:
945:
921:
890:
878:Red Ruthenia
874:
819:
810:
803:Kreva Castle
800:
765:
727:
720:west of the
711:
703:Kreva Castle
667:
635:Golden Horde
616:
596:
591:Vilnius Mint
568:Yaroslavichi
552:
515:
425:
397:
396:
365:cadet branch
240:c. 1352/1362
208:4 March 1386
47:
5336:1434 deaths
5196:(1569–1795)
5145:(1440–1569)
5128:Švitrigaila
5043:(1285–1440)
5019:(1269–1285)
5000:(1267–1269)
4976:(1263–1267)
4944:(1236–1263)
4841:Stanisław I
4617:Przemysł II
4289:(1386–1399)
4194:1 June 1434
3480:Jurzak 2006
3398:"Dead Wood"
3347:Rowell 2000
3335:Sedlar 1994
3186:Rowell 2000
3086:, p. 7
3074:, p. 7
3068:Bojtár 1999
2874:Rowell 2000
2850:Sedlar 1994
2820:Plokhy 2006
2679:, p. 8
2501:Bojtár 1999
2489:Rowell 2000
2466:Plokhy 2006
2456:, p. 4
2384:Bojtár 1999
2361:Bojtár 1999
2297:Rowell 2000
2195:Rowell 1994
1945:b. c. 1405
1918:b. c. 1351
1904:b. 1380/81
1820:b. c. 1330
1809:b. c. 1296
1748:b. c. 1280
1737:b. c. 1275
1713:Family tree
1641:Jan Matejko
1593:its place.
1572:(1427–1492)
1566:(1424–1444)
1488:Švitrigaila
1102:Švitrigaila
1035:White Horde
1019:Neman River
935:Lithuanian
746:Catholicism
742:Samogitians
686:Lithuanians
682:Yotvingians
604:Kievan Rus'
471:Catholicism
402:Lithuanian:
213:Predecessor
191:(1386–1399)
166:Švitrigaila
156:(1386–1392)
101:Predecessor
5366:Gediminids
5325:Categories
5050:Butigeidis
4988:Vaišvilkas
4758:Casimir IV
4401:Leszko III
4246:1382–1392
4219:1377–1381
4109:, Osprey,
4061:25 January
3920:, Šviesa,
3724:, Warsaw:
3489:References
3407:23 October
3376:www.nbp.pl
3359:Stone 2001
3172:, 775–776.
3099:Stone 2001
3056:Stone 2001
2943:Stone 2001
2886:Stone 2001
2677:Stone 2001
2569:9 November
2454:Stone 2001
2243:Stone 2001
2234:rex poloni
2147:Belarusian
2138:Lithuanian
2062:Casimir IV
1605:banknote.
1555:(niece of
1505:Žygimantas
1456:Gollub War
1402:Hunger War
1316:Marienburg
1247:and had a
1233:Bobrowniki
1106:Marienburg
1031:Tokhtamysh
1000:magnus dux
976:Königsberg
927:Challenges
839:Lithuanian
760:See also:
744:about the
707:Marienburg
544:Early life
259:1434-06-01
205:Coronation
5157:Alexander
5118:Skirgaila
5065:Gediminas
5031:Daumantas
5026:Traidenis
4951:Mindaugas
4768:Alexander
4692:Restored
4624:See also:
4470:Mieszko I
4452:Siemomysł
4419:Chościsko
4414:Popiel II
4394:Leszko II
4366:Krakus II
4343:Legendary
4280:1386–1434
3623:0044-3239
2712:"Jogaila"
2542:1 October
2348:2673-8392
2307:Footnotes
2277:Latinised
1734:Gediminas
1564:Władysław
1441:Sigismund
1349:Samogitia
1292:Czerwińsk
1237:Bydgoszcz
1210:Pomerelia
1161:Vratislav
1142:Złotoryja
983:Skirgaila
863:Accession
738:Samogitia
718:Samogitia
678:Prussians
658:Lithuania
600:Ruthenian
549:Lithuania
479:Władysław
477:(Polish:
475:Ladislaus
361:Jagiellon
223:Successor
154:Skirgaila
124:Successor
43:Ladislaus
5123:Vytautas
5106:Kęstutis
5082:Algirdas
5077:Jaunutis
5055:Butvydas
4983:Treniota
4582:Konrad I
4512:Zbigniew
4442:Siemowit
4408:Popiel I
4387:Leszko I
4359:Krakus I
4252:Vytautas
4235:Kęstutis
4225:Kęstutis
4208:Algirdas
4047:Lituanus
4033:9 August
3681:(1988),
3588:(1997),
3308:20 April
2613:Archived
2563:15min.lt
2535:15min.lt
2289:Henry IV
2078:See also
2052:Casimir
2016: 4
2010: 4
2004: 4
1998: 2
1992: 1
1929:b. 1372
1888:b. 1374
1822:d. 1392
1806:Algirdas
1759:b. 1301
1750:d. 1344
1739:d. 1341
1707:, Kraków
1501:Volhynia
1477:Nieszawa
1468:Klaipėda
1437:Hussites
1390:szlachta
1366:Vytautas
1296:Vytautas
1214:Oborniki
1150:Novgorod
1039:Timurids
1027:Novgorod
852:Orthodox
831:Bodzanta
780:Catholic
699:Vytautas
608:Kęstutis
560:Algirdas
507:medieval
451:Vytautas
160:Vytautas
131:Kęstutis
114:Kęstutis
108:Algirdas
18:Jagiełło
5311:italics
5309:are in
5194:Elected
5094:Jogaila
5060:Vytenis
4864:Italics
4730:Jadwiga
4480:Bezprym
4373:Lech II
4285:Jadwiga
4262:Jadwiga
3671:Jogaila
3465:11 July
3435:11 July
3381:11 July
2622:17 July
2595:Vilnius
2157:Jahajła
2069:
2058:
2049:
2038:
2027:
2013:
2007:
2001:
1995:
1989:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1972:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1843:
1840:
1835:
1832:
1829:
1802:
1797:
1794:
1791:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1774:
1623:Gallery
1570:Casimir
1528:Styrian
1497:Podolia
1464:Palanga
1377:Gniezno
1362:Podolia
1353:Masovia
1327:Dissent
1253:Vistula
1245:Masovia
1229:Dobrzyń
1154:Silesia
1041:at the
1033:of the
972:Gniezno
948:crusade
893:Vilnius
664:in 1386
576:Vilnius
570:prince
501:in the
463:Jadwiga
445:), was
430:Polish:
398:Jogaila
367:of the
356:Dynasty
337:Casimir
243:Vilnius
217:Jadwiga
189:Jadwiga
5283:(1918)
5111:family
5099:family
5087:family
5070:family
5007:Shvarn
4529:period
4447:Lestek
4352:Lech I
4190:
4151:
4133:
4113:
4095:
4077:
4010:
3990:
3972:
3942:
3924:
3906:
3887:
3869:
3851:
3829:
3811:
3793:
3775:
3745:
3689:
3659:
3641:
3621:
3596:
3562:
3542:
3522:
3504:
3240:, 353.
3137:, 364.
2957:, 348.
2724:19 May
2605:
2439:19 May
2346:
2151:Ягайла
2031:Hedwig
1768:Halych
1597:Legacy
1590:Grodek
1539:Hedwig
1530:lady,
1428:, and
1351:, and
1300:Tatars
1088:boyars
961:bishop
959:under
952:pagans
905:Trakai
897:Kraków
826:Kraków
722:Dubysa
623:Dmitry
610:, the
483:Kraków
386:Mother
376:Father
288:Spouse
276:Burial
147:Regent
139:(1434)
133:(1381)
116:(1382)
110:(1377)
70:Kraków
4380:Wanda
4283:with
4192:Died:
4185:Born:
2616:(PDF)
2591:(PDF)
2432:DELFI
2124:Notes
1745:Jewna
1241:Płock
1163:with
1130:Pskov
1023:Pskov
937:Denar
654:Latin
631:Mamai
481:) in
320:Issue
197:Reign
187:with
84:Reign
4149:ISBN
4131:ISBN
4111:ISBN
4093:ISBN
4075:ISBN
4063:2007
4035:2006
4008:ISBN
3988:ISBN
3970:ISBN
3940:ISBN
3922:ISBN
3904:ISBN
3885:ISBN
3867:ISBN
3849:ISBN
3827:ISBN
3809:ISBN
3791:ISBN
3773:ISBN
3743:ISBN
3712:2006
3687:ISBN
3657:ISBN
3639:ISBN
3619:ISSN
3594:ISBN
3560:ISBN
3540:ISBN
3520:ISBN
3502:ISBN
3467:2021
3437:2021
3409:2021
3383:2022
3310:2021
2726:2021
2624:2021
2603:ISBN
2571:2018
2544:2014
2441:2021
2344:ISSN
2145:and
1658:1888
1357:Wkra
1231:and
1183:and
1081:The
911:and
684:and
509:and
253:Died
237:Born
41:and
2334:doi
1639:by
1243:in
824:in
676:of
5327::
4051:33
4049:,
4045:,
3703:,
3615:43
3578:28
3576:,
3453:.
3425:.
3400:.
3374:.
3301:.
3297:.
3272:^
3257:^
3142:^
3091:^
3048:^
2985:^
2927:^
2910:^
2893:^
2842:^
2827:^
2810:^
2751:^
2734:^
2714:.
2702:^
2684:^
2611:.
2597::
2561:.
2532:.
2508:^
2473:^
2429:.
2415:^
2368:^
2342:.
2328:.
2324:.
2189:;
1950:OO
1934:OO
1909:OO
1893:OO
1424:,
1255:.
1224:.
1156:.
798:.
680:,
540:.
513:.
419:c.
417:;
268:,
245:,
68:,
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5113:)
5109:(
5101:)
5097:(
5089:)
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3469:.
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20:)
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