866:
230:"A revolution started in Russia and the pupils started to riot, throwing stink bombs at the portraits of the Tsar in our school. We were all wildly passionate and somehow I got involved in all that mayhem. The principal grabbed me by the arm, and she said: “Aren’t you ashamed? A manor girl entering into league with Latvians and Jews? A school inspector arrived from Petrograd to question… us to find out why the riots occurred in the schools of Mintauja. The entire class chose me as the spokesperson, to accuse the principal and all of the teachers. I agreed and I stood up in front of everyone and rhymed off the list of accusations. It was all down to freedom. The thirst for freedom was very much alive then. After that my parents received a confidential notice to collect me from school. My mother came to take me home. I have to give my parents credit for not scolding me or asking me anything. They gathered up my belongings and took me back to the farm."
523:
509:, do you know what this means, this little black triangle on the upper right corner of the front page?” So, I told him, “It’s my paper, but I never paid it any attention. I have never noticed this triangle before.” “I will explain very well what it is!” he said, “It means that this magazine has the approval of the foreign office.” I believed him that it was so, but I didn’t know anything about it. This article which I wrote myself, this long article about the German occupation of Lithuania, and how they mishandled the people."
155:
374:
957:, whereupon we got married. So, they decided that they would dance to this big event. So, Voldemaras and the doorman danced together wildly in this big hall of the Presidential Palace and crashed into walls, but they were drunk. Then all the chauffeurs went crazy. There was never such a night in town. They began running the streets with the cars. All the chauffeurs who were working for the government, for all the ministers and directors, ran the streets in the cars, making a terrible noise."
916:
306:
1375:
1024:, but also 194 boxes (almost 10 tonnes or 22,000 pounds) of saccharin, 13 boxes with foodstuffs (sausage, cocoa, butter, apples, pasta, rice, etc.), 4 kilograms (8.8 lb) of cocaine, four boxes of various fashion accessories, three boxes of alcohol, and a box of candies. At the time, saccharin was sold only by pharmacies and special procedures applied to its export. The cocaine was in a package addressed to Konstantinas Avižienis, Lithuanian
252:
729:
854:"We like working with you. You never once gave us false news or deceived us in any way and we would like to continue with you. We wish you all success in Paris. But we would like to warn you: don’t expect as easy work as you had here, with us trusting and believing you. For you, it will be much more difficult to work with the French press. With them you do not have to work with your ability but with your money."
1325:’ former driver, well aware of the imminent danger, tried to persuade Jadvyga to flee Lithuania as soon as possible. Jadvyga resisted. If you don't want to save yourself, he argued, then save your daughter. Finally convinced, Jadvyga rushed to the German Embassy in Kaunas the next morning and received a diplomatic visa from the envoy, Erich Zechlin, with no date for her return to Lithuania.
683:
hotel in order that she might catch the same train the next day. She slept in her high boots all night, without taking them off. The next morning, the new permit still hadn't arrived. The police also wondered how
Jadvyga, who could see almost nothing, could go to the station by herself with all her luggage. Help came from an unexpected source. As Jadvyga later told it:
1962:
583:
464:"I returned to Lithuania while it was still occupied by the Germans. The Council was waiting to find someone to go to Germany and start a newspaper that would defend Lithuanian’s interests in Germany. It would be an important newspaper because we needed to convey our message to the West. When I came back, my name was put forward for this task.
328:, but her parents had strongly objected. St. Petersburg had a large number of Lithuanian students, making the city a major centre of Lithuanian activity. During her studies, Jadvyga taught Lithuanian language classes and Lithuanian history at a gymnasium for Lithuanian refugees. As a student, she worked on the editorial board of the
865:
1519:, in the 1950s, Jadvyga became a Russian language instructor at what was then called the Naval Intelligence School in Washington DC. This was a secure government job, with regular hours, good benefits and good pay. She was there for many years. She later lived in an apartment #102 at 2901 S Street SE, Washington, DC.
1502:
Jadvyga and Marija eventually moved back to New York City. They lived very simply in the poorer neighbourhoods of the city. Jadvyga first taught
Russian at the Berlitz Language School in New York, probably starting in 1943. It was difficult for her at the beginning, because of heavy competition. She
1471:
On arriving in the USA Jadvyga quickly became involved in political activities. In
December, 1940 she traveled to US Lithuanian colonies to give speeches. In New York, her public speech was scheduled for December 6 at 8 p.m. at the Grand Paradise Hall (318 Grand St. Brooklyn, New York). Her speeches
682:
The border police told her that the permit she had stated that she was to cross the border at a point other than Eitkūnai. The border police were therefore obliged to send a telegram to the Berlin
Commandant to change the place of departure and allow her to pass through Eitkūnai. They took her to a
652:
and Alšauskas. And
Voldemaras came over to me and said: ‘We can’t bring back his signature with us to Lithuania. There’s a war on as well as an occupation government, but maybe you could take it? No one will bother searching you.’ I was completely unafraid… I was overjoyed to have that opportunity.
247:
Jadvyga was interested in history and was fluent in foreign languages; in her parents’ house she spoke Polish (with a Warsaw dialect), German and later
Lithuanian. Later in life, Jadvyga would learn flawless Russian, French and English. Jadvyga also loved music and art. She did not, however, enjoy
1050:
The care of her child meant
Jadvyga temporarily became less involved in state activities. She took over all family responsibilities so that her husband could focus on his work. The family lived in a rented, large, old apartment on the second floor of a house owned by Ozer Finkelstein, on Kęstučio
243:
to study at the private Vera
Prozorovienė Gymnasium. She attended classes in religion, Russian, German, Latin, French, history, geography, algebra, arithmetic, geometry, writing, drawing and singing, and from the fifth grade onwards, physics and chemistry. She graduated in 1909, winning the gold
1583:
in a residential/retirement hotel owned by a
Lithuanian couple Jadvyga knew from Lithuania, the Karaičiuses. The Karaičiuses sold the property around 1982, at which point Jadvyga was infirm and not able to live by herself. Though the Karaičiuses were also older, they took Jadvyga into their own
1506:
One of her colleagues at the
Berlitz Language School was an elderly, poorly-dressed lady, who taught Russian without knowing it well. Jadvyga offered to help her with her pronunciation. Later, Jadvyga discovered that this ‘poor old lady’ was Katharine Fowler Milbank (1885-1967), wife of Dunlevy
1074:
in 1928, she became the long-serving president of the Lithuanian Union of Mothers and Children, which united 23 charities. An important project of the organization was the founding of the "Mother and Child Museum" in Kaunas, Laisvės al. Establishment of 12 (now 24) in 1932. The museum became an
266:
at the ‘Smetona House'. As a major gathering place for the most prominent actors in the National Revival Movement, almost every evening political debate took place and Lithuanian musicians came to play and sing. Living in the Smetona home meant that from her youth, Jadvyga met many Lithuanian
736:
After the formation of the first Lithuanian Government, in which Augustinas Voldemaras became the Prime Minister, the formation of the Lithuanian state began. Skilled people were needed, so there was no shortage of jobs for educated and foreign-speaking women. Jadvyga started working at the
1498:
with an American who had visited Lithuania five years previously. When she had learned about Jadvyga, she invited her to stay with her. Jadvyga tried to learn English. She continued traveling in the USA giving speeches. She also volunteered at the Cleveland Women's Easter Charity Fair.
1275:, the Lithuanian representative in France, and his wife Bronislava Klimienė. When Jadvyga arrived in Paris, the Lithuanian embassy was filled with flowers sent by her fans: mostly French senators and other senior officials. However, Jadvyga's biggest admirer was the American
619:
A Lithuanian legation was sent to Germany to negotiate with Duke Wilhelm Von Urach. They drafted a twelve-point list of conditions that the Duke had to accept before his election. The Duke promised that he would learn the Lithuanian language and live in Lithuania full time.
1180:
which resulted in the change of government… She sought out first the more important senior Army officers and won them over to the anti-Voldemaras movement. Then she visited every garrison town in Lithuania, winning over converts and planning every move of the projected
1047:(1923–2014), almost killed Jadvyga. Racing to save the mother, and thinking the baby was stillborn, the doctor gripped the baby tightly with special pliers. Though both mother and daughter were saved, a nerve was pinched, causing Marija to have a disability for life.
657:
Jadvyga was taking drops for her eyes and, before she was due to leave, she was struck blind. She phoned Voldemaras to tell him she couldn't do it. Voldemaras and Purickis rushed over and helped her get ready. They stashed the document in her boot and as Jadvyga told
687:"I looked out the window and saw a captive Frenchman walking. I started shouting “monsieur, monsieur, over here!” He was very happy to hear the French language and ran over. I told him what was happening. He said, “don’t worry, I will take care of everything.”
1094:. The organization, uniting seventeen Lithuanian women's associations, strove to educate women, to encourage them to become interested in culture, to develop their sense of responsibility (to society, family and state) and worked to protect their interests.
862:, where the Lithuanian delegation to the Paris Peace Conference worked. The delegation was trying not only to win the recognition of the Lithuanian state, but also to defend Lithuania's territorial interests. In Jadvyga's own words, she submitted articles:
484:
As it had definite political aims, the newspaper's content was heavily censored by the German authorities. Jadvyga sometimes wrote articles that were not looked on kindly by the owners of the journal. One time, in Jadvyga's words, the German-Baltic baron
1051:
gatvė (now Kęstutis gatvė 91). Their home became a centre of Lithuanian state activity, where in the evenings guests would, while drinking tea and smoking, discuss the issues of Lithuanian restoration. The family lived in the apartment for ten years.
800:, Lithuanian ambassador to Switzerland, becoming the first woman in the Republic of Lithuania employed in the diplomatic service. When Daumantas left for several months to Lithuania, Jadyvga took over his work. As Jadvyga later put it:
358:"I probably spent more time at the theatre, more than at the university. One didn’t need to study to see performances. We didn’t have much money, but I found legitimate and illegitimate ways to see all the operas, and the ones that
695:"I will not return, I said. I will not be able to catch the train. I will wait here where you want me, but I will not go back to the hotel. I will wait here for an answer. If it comes, I can catch the train at the last minute."
808:
there (in Bern), a man. When I came to Switzerland he was there, but then he was called back to Lithuania for something and I was left in his place. So, I was signing the diplomatic passports (laughs) and writing notes to the
1444:, Portugal where they spent several months, as there were no ships to the USA. Lisbon was overcrowded with refugees trying to flee the war. According to Hypatia Yčas, who was there with her family at the same time as Jadvyga:
902:. Jadvyga also frequented a restaurant called Café Prunier, at 16 Avenue Victor Hugo, Paris, France. She would return often to the restaurant, in the 1920s, 1930's and when she visited Paris in the 1950s and 1960s.
343:. Voldemaras lent Jadvyga books that were not available to buy and were otherwise unobtainable, even by Jadvyga's professors. Jadvyga knew Voldemaras well, as Voldemaras was a good friend of her brother-in-law,
1019:
before it left Lithuania. Lithuanian counterintelligence seized three train cars worth of items. An inspection of the train cars revealed 299 boxes of sugar and 184 bags of wheat flour for the victims of the
674:. But only when she arrived at the station did she find out the train was late. The border police, realizing that they had a lot of time, started a thorough search of her luggage. As Jadvyga recalled:
1162:"…smashed the Iron Wolf Society…She intrigued, agitated, and conspired, and managed to pry many of the older generals loose from their fascist ties. Then she won over the rank and file of the army."
1533:
Jadvyga remained active in the Lithuanian émigré community and had close contacts with Lithuanian diplomats residing abroad, including Vincenta Lozoraitienė, Bronislava Mėginaitė-Klimienė (wife of
627:
voted confidentially to establish the hereditary Kingdom of Lithuania. The Lithuanian legation delivered the decision and list of conditions to Duke Wilhelm Karl and his son and heir apparent
600:
The Declaration of Independence did not, however, alter German occupational rule. One possibility Germany was considering was to annex Lithuania to the German lands of Prussia or Saxony. The
1526:, Jadvyga got US citizenship for her and her daughter, on May 2, 1950, at a time when the US was limiting immigration. On April 19, 1956, Jadvyga was registered as living at 1235 East 80th,
703:"As soon as they received a telegram from Berlin, the Germans arrived with such joy, they almost carried me, carried my suitcases, carried everything, threw me on that train. The Germans “
1142:
Voldemaras had become intensely involved with Geležinis Vilkas (en: Iron Wolf) which attracted adherents among the younger nationalist officers, who were favourably impressed by emerging
662:"They put two-mark notes in my right pocket and one-mark notes in my left one. And they gave me some small change. They put me in the wagon, stashed my suitcase for me and left."
874:"…about Lithuanian affairs and about the problems of Lithuania, and to give the general description of this little country and what happens there, our aspirations and so forth."
1314:
from Lithuania, on June 15, 1940, Jadvyga initially wanted to stay in the country. In her opinion, as a widow and not holding public office, she wouldn't be of interest to the
678:"The woman who searched me gazed and gazed at my shoes. She undid my braids. She looked everywhere. She stripped me down almost naked. But she never checked inside my shoes."
1328:
Jadvyga packed as though she were going for a long weekend at the beach. In her luggage was a large terrycloth robe, a few summer dresses, a sweater and two pairs of shoes.
881:
Jadvyga's work in Paris included working with as many as twelve French newspapers, placing articles that looked like editorials. The French newspapers with the exception of
1404:. She helped Jadvyga find an apartment and promised to help her find work. However, Jadvyga decided not to stay in Germany. After learning that her friend, US Ambassador
830:
recognition of the Lithuanian government by the Swiss government, and months later the Swiss admitted this. The Swiss were, therefore, among the first to grant Lithuania
1351:
and crossed the border of Lithuania without being detained, on June 17, 1940. As it turned out, there was a real need for haste, as Jadvyga and her daughter were on the
1112:
1075:
accessible educational institution for hygiene and the health of infants and children. Lectures were held and films against the then deadly venereal diseases were shown.
820:, the Lithuanian envoy to Switzerland, was told that the Swiss Foreign Office had agreed to permit Jadvyga to remain in Switzerland to work with Vladas Daumantas, the
1591:, in the Nursing Home of the Immaculate Conception Spiritual Renewal Centre, operated by the nuns of a Lithuanian convent. Here she spent the last years of her life.
513:
On at least one occasion, to the great displeasure of Baron von der Ropp, Jadvyga took an article that contained opinions von der Ropp would have disapproved of, to
887:
were all corrupt and only interested in money – one could place articles which were written as editorials as long as you paid enough. Jadvyga had to battle against
2027:
522:
226:
broke out. Revolutionary fervour found its way into the halls of the gymnasium and Jadvyga “got involved in all that mayhem.” In a later interview Jadvyga said:
416:
increasingly sought the country's independence, some Lithuanian intellectuals working in Russia were looking to participate in the creation of the new state.
1101:
761:, Switzerland, where she worked at the Lithuanian Information Bureau: providing her knowledge of Lithuania to the major European telegraph agencies (inc.
1507:
Milbank, one of the wealthiest and most powerful men in New York. Katharine and Jadvyga became good friends. In 1947 Jadvyga moved from her apartment in
1035:
Foreign Minister Purickis lost his post over the scandal. Purickis and three other men were investigated, put on trial, but acquitted in February 1925.
699:
Her forthrightness had the desired effect and the border guards locked her in the office at the station until a decision was made. According to Jadvyga:
142:. She was involved in many charity organizations and is considered one of the most influential women in interwar Lithuania. Jadvyga was a member of the
2022:
1594:
Jadvyga died on October 4, 1988, and was buried in the Convent Cemetery of the Congregation of the Immaculate Conception Sisters of Lithuanian Monks (
501:(en: do not forget) that we are in a time of war and that you are in Germany. You are in Berlin. Do you know what it means this?” - he took a copy of
984:
Part of her job was to process parcels that were being sent abroad by diplomatic post. Jadvyga discovered some boxes that seemed to contain various
878:
In this position she was not always looked on kindly, especially by the French who accused her of only there to serve the interests of the Germans.
294:
1332:’ old secretary, Vytautas Einoris, who was in tears, grabbed a few small valuables and stuffed them into Jadvyga's luggage. One of the items was a
974:
738:
441:
1401:
1083:
843:
1290:
942:
899:
286:
200:
386:
340:
543:) did not support such a declaration and hindered any attempts to establish the proclaimed independence. It was important that the
536:
1174:"…inspired the anti-Voldemaras group in the cabinet and in the army and actually herself organized and personally conducted the
1059:
By the late 1920s, Jadvyga had returned to public service, becoming one of the most socially-involved women of interwar Kaunas:
1983:
949:
was a very little man. So, Voldemaras got drunk, for once, on champagne which he had brought from Paris. We had all come from
325:
1021:
481:, was to win over public opinion in Germany and Lithuania for the establishment of a Lithuanian state under German control.
1523:
1516:
1405:
1378:
1279:
1091:
895:
115:
930:
267:
intellectuals and heard political debate. One of the people she met was Smetona’s school friend and her future husband,
1150:
more moderate course. By 1929 Geležinis Vilkas had gained control of the army and were trying to push Lithuania toward
1136:
609:
586:
139:
1972:
1389:
1344:
1044:
316:
Between 1909 and 1915, Jadvyga studied history and classical philology first at the Woman's High School and then the
1215:. He “emerged from the sanatorium to learn that Voldemaras was out of office and that he, Tūbelis was Premier.” The
691:
As no new permit had arrived in the night, the border police told her to return to her hotel. And then Jadvyga said:
934:
1408:(1891–1967), was working in Paris, Jadvyga decided to seek his help. Thanks to Bullitt, Jadvyga got a US visa.
789:
628:
389:(earlier called St. Petersburg Imperial University) and received her diploma. Jadvyga gave a lecture course on
199:
St Trinity Church Juozas Rimkevičius. The godparents were Donatas Jasienskis (brother-in-law of the playwright
154:
73:
Writer, journalist, head of the Information Bureau in Bern and Paris and Deputy Chief of Mission to Switzerland
1483:. A few days later, on March 13, Jadvyga attended the reception of Smetona's arrival in the United States at
1580:
1087:
486:
223:
166:
127:
891:
propagandists, who were placing articles in favour of the Polish position at the expense of the Lithuania.
813:
In this position Jadvyga played a leading role in obtaining Swiss recognition of Lithuania's independence.
275:"It was a great centre of Lithuanian activity, Smetona’s house. Everybody came there, all kinds of parties"
1393:
1368:
1286:
373:
171:
1285:
In April 1936, Bullitt came to Lithuania to visit Jadvyga. She, along with her daughter, took him to see
1397:
1132:
946:
742:
645:
445:
336:
1448:"All of Europe’s refugees were gathered together, it seemed to me - all of them, of every nationality."
883:
1560:. While visiting Paris, Jadvyga would stay with Olga Mohler-Picabia, wife of the famous French artist
797:
2017:
2012:
1572:
1311:
1079:
847:
821:
712:
624:
601:
544:
449:
413:
263:
189:
181:
177:
1627:
1972 09 07 „Amerikos balso“ žurnalisto J. Blekaičio interviu su Jadvyga Chodakauskaite- Tūbeliene,
1588:
1025:
305:
1374:
1012:
1336:
cigarette case – red and yellow gold with a sapphire clasp. Per the inscription, it was given to
1008:
604:
was forced to act quickly to rescue the fledgling state. It decided to set up relations with the
397:
185:
143:
1367:
and his family were staying at a hunting lodge near the Święcajty (pl) (Schwenzait) lake in the
547:
announce the declaration to the world and so Jadvyga was assigned the task of taking the Act to
204:
915:
1553:
1538:
1337:
1329:
1322:
1318:. Besides, she said, she had lived with Russians all her life, she wasn't afraid of Russians.
1264:
1260:
1224:
1204:
1199:
1190:
1176:
926:
919:
637:
The signed document then had to be smuggled back to Lithuania. The task was given to Jadvyga.
613:
571:
390:
367:
351:
317:
310:
280:
268:
135:
1235:"There is, therefore, no doubt in the popular mind as to who is the real ruler of Lithuania."
1512:
817:
393:. The university suggested she remain as an assistant, with the view to becoming a teacher.
359:
321:
290:
1131:
Jadvyga sometimes took an even more active role in politics: it was thanks to Jadvyga that
1111:, Jadvyga became the chairperson of the Women's Section and Co-ordination Committee of the
1595:
1561:
1476:
1364:
1307:
1147:
1068:
1004:
997:
780:
649:
616:, Mindaugas II. Through such a decision the Council sought to avoid potential annexation.
465:
344:
1811:
Lukšas, Aras (19 April 2013). ""Diplomatas, visuomenininkas, kūrėjas" (in Lithuanian)".
180:(1850–1925) and Maria-Joanna Chodakowska (1852–1910). She had two older brothers,
1116:
605:
409:
251:
1104:
by the order of the Minister of the Interior, given for many years of social activity.
898:. Jadvyga was often hostess alongside Bullitt at numerous dinner parties given in the
749:
and Jadvyga Chodakauskaitė. Jadvyga's primary duties were to follow the German press.
728:
555:
468:
talked me into going and explained what to do. So I was in great spirits when I left."
2006:
1542:
1534:
1488:
1480:
1460:
1272:
746:
196:
158:
1078:
on February 17, 1929, she, together with other well-known Lithuanian public figures
858:
From July 1919, Jadvyga organized and directed the Lithuanian Information Bureau in
1557:
1503:
started with only a few lessons per week, but soon had more than she could handle.
1249:
993:
985:
850:, her friends in Bern hosted a big farewell dinner for her. Director Lüdi told her:
1599:
1491:. She and her daughter sat in seats reserved for the most distinguished guests.
1212:
1016:
667:
515:
131:
1203:
by President Smetona. Smetona appointed his brother-in-law (Jadvyga's husband)
1097:
Jadvyga was head of the ‘Milk Drop Society’ which organized events for charity.
1484:
1333:
1276:
1208:
405:
165:
Jadvyga Chodakauskaitė was born on January 11, 1891, at Gavėnonių Estate near
666:
Jadvyga headed for Lithuania. The train stopped at the German border stop in
1527:
1495:
1453:
1433:
1425:
989:
954:
540:
420:
378:
105:
Antanas Chodakauskas (1850-1925) and Maria-Joanna Chodakauskienė (1852-1910)
1961:
1355:
list of persons to be liquidated. Jadvyga would never return to Lithuania.
582:
554:
Jadvyga translated the Act into German and secretly gave it to her friend,
644:"Then a delegation finally went to Berlin to visit and get his signature.
579:
on February 19, 1918. A bit later it made the press in the United States.
412:
Russian administration. This affected the entire education system. As the
1508:
826:
775:). She was good friends with Dr. Michael Bühler (1853–1925), who was the
996:. She refused to stamp them and called the Minister of Foreign Affairs:
1571:, where she rented a small cottage. She later moved to an apartment in
1315:
1151:
1143:
1108:
945:, there was a doorman downstairs... A huge man, wide-shouldered... and
767:
671:
240:
216:
1452:
Jadvyga and Marija finally managed to get passage on a ship bound for
419:
Jadvyga decided not to work at the university and instead returned to
1863:
Jakubavičienė, Ingrida (2020). Portretas. Vilnius: Tyto alba. p. 153.
1741:
Jakubavičienė, Ingrida (2020). Portretas. Vilnius: Tyto alba. p. 111.
1668:
Jakubavičienė, Ingrida (2020). Portretas. Vilnius: Tyto alba. p. 169.
1441:
1437:
1421:
1417:
1385:
1348:
1256:
1245:
1223:"…is considered the chief influence in the elevation of her husband,
1194:
1029:
978:
894:
In Paris Jadvyga developed a friendship with the American ambassador
888:
548:
457:
424:
1677:
Jakubavičienė, Ingrida (2020). Portretas. Vilnius: Tyto alba. p. 73.
539:
on February 16, 1918, Germany (who was still the occupying power in
114:(January 11, 1891 – October 4, 1988) was one of the founders of the
1576:
1568:
1400:, Dr. Bleš (Blesch), known since the Lithuanian delegation at the
1373:
1343:
With the necessary documents and two small suitcases, Jadvyga and
1268:
950:
914:
864:
859:
727:
581:
521:
372:
250:
153:
123:
1549:
1429:
1352:
925:
On February 7, 1920, newly returned from Paris, Jadvyga married
758:
119:
1955:
966:
For a short time Jadvyga directed the Lithuanian News Agency,
440:
Back in Vilnius, Jadvyga first worked as the secretary at the
565:
The Declaration first appeared in the German press: first in
551:
as quickly as possible so that the news would spread abroad.
1631:, Garso ir videodokumentų skyrius, saugojimo vnt. Mg 011583.
1363:
Through the Lithuanian Embassy in Berlin, they learned that
1170:
article dated September 28, 1929, it was noted that Jadvyga:
741:. The Ministry consisted of just three people: the Minister
427:. She was accompanied by a young lawyer, Tadas Petkevičius.
207:) and Teofilia Chodakauskaitė (born 1856) (Jadvyga's aunt).
195:
Jadvyga was baptized on February 17, 1891, by the pastor of
1556:
and Vincenta Lozoraitienė at the Lithuanian Embassy in the
118:, a writer, journalist, head of the Information Bureau in
452:
to organize the publication of the Lithuanian newspaper '
262:
While studying in Vilnius, Jadvyga lived with her sister
1189:
On September 19, 1929, while attending a meeting of the
1979:
824:
representative in Switzerland. This action amounted to
1371:. Jadvyga and her daughter joined the Smetonas there.
1146:, and who were displeased with what they perceived as
1003:
Jadvyga shared her suspicions with her brother-in-law
1986:
to it so that it can be listed with similar articles.
531:
Smuggling the Act of Independence into Germany (1918)
65:
Bestuzhev Courses, St. Petersburg Imperial University
670:. There Jadvyga had to transfer to another train to
354:
often in St. Petersburg. As she would later tell it:
1255:In the period 1934–1937, Jadvyga often traveled to
1227:, former minister of finance, to the premiership."
1122:
Jadvyga was active in the Vilnius Management Union.
293:. It was shown on November 6, 1906, in the current
101:
93:
85:
77:
69:
61:
53:
45:
37:
25:
18:
385:In 1917, Jadvyga passed the state examinations at
1219:wrote, in the September 28 article, that Jadvyga:
1000:. Purickis rushed over and stamped them himself.
937:(1869–1933) officiated. As later told by Jadvyga:
1837:Gaigalaitė, Aldona; Žeimantienė, Jūratė (2004).
1785:Gaigalaitė, Aldona; Žeimantienė, Jūratė (2004).
1494:In September, 1941, Jadvyga and Marija lived in
1267:. Before returning home, she usually stopped in
1067:, which completely supported her brother-in-law
1043:On November 5, 1923, the birth of her daughter,
1798:Gailius, Bernardas (2003). ""Sacharino Byla"".
1007:. Smetona then told Jadvyga's brother, Captain
1618:From Jadvyga Chodakauskaitė's Baptismal Record
1567:In the 1960s or early 1970s, Jadvyga moved to
1564:, with whom she developed a close friendship.
1472:were often received with thunderous applause.
1100:on February 16, 1938, Jadvyga was awarded the
1579:), and by the early 1980s, she was living in
1248:City Council and remained a member until the
724:Ministry of Foreign Affairs in Vilnius (1918)
222:When she was in her second or third form the
8:
1207:to the Prime Ministership. Tūbelis was in a
1102:Order of the Lithuanian Grand Duke Gediminas
1011:who spoke with the Defence Minister Colonel
562:who carried it to Berlin the following day.
279:Jadvyga attended the first Lithuanian opera
1828:, Vilnius: Vilniaus knyga, 2004, pp. 52–53.
1107:in October, 1939, after Lithuania regained
593:Duke Wilhelm Von Urach and Lithuania (1918)
519:, the socialist paper, to have published.
15:
1289:. On April 26, 1936, Bullitt visited the
1259:, where she represented Lithuania in the
787:and Dr. Lüdi, the editor-in-chief of the
608:and to invite the Prince of Württemberg,
1839:Juozas Purickis-Vygandas (in Lithuanian)
1787:Juozas Purickis-Vygandas (in Lithuanian)
304:
271:(1882–1939). According to Jadvyga:
1611:
1086:, Paulina Karvelienė (Kalvaityte), and
711:She returned to Lithuania and gave the
648:was in that delegation, as were Father
431:On the Road to Independence (1917-1919)
1800:Naujasis Židinys-Aidai (in Lithuanian)
975:Lithuanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
757:In November, 1918 Jadvyga was sent to
623:On June 4, 1918, the Presidium of the
442:Lithuanian Ministry of Foreign Affairs
112:Jadvyga Tūbelienė (née Chodakauskaitė)
20:Jadvyga Tūbelienė (née Chodakauskaitė)
2028:20th-century Lithuanian women writers
1941:
1939:
1886:
1884:
1882:
1751:
1749:
1747:
1724:
1722:
1522:Again, thanks to her friendship with
1293:in Kaunas and signed the guest book.
1055:Return to Public Service (late 1920s)
911:Jadvyga marries Juozas Tūbelis (1920)
324:. She had wanted to study art at the
219:Girl's Gymnasium when she was eight.
7:
1475:On March 10, 1941, Jadvyga welcomed
1467:United States of America (1940-1988)
1396:, Jadvyga met a former secretary of
1244:In 1934, Jadvyga was elected to the
1158:article dated October 2, 1929:
973:From 1920 to 1923 she worked at the
203:and the father-in-law of the writer
150:Early life and education (1891–1909)
719:Lithuanian Independence (1918-1940)
448:. She was then commissioned by the
188:(1889–1959), and one older sister,
1971:needs additional or more specific
1775:. Vilnius: Tyto alba. p. 292.
1760:. Vilnius: Tyto alba. p. 291.
1340:by his cabinet ministers in 1929.
1231:The reporter went on to note that:
341:St. Petersburg Imperial University
14:
1949:. Vilnius: Versus aureus. p. 214.
1920:. Vilnius: Versus aureus. p. 164.
1841:. Vilnius: Vilniaus knyga. p. 56.
1789:. Vilnius: Vilniaus knyga. p. 53.
1714:Antanas Smetona and his Lithuania
1688:Antanas Smetona and his Lithuania
1645:. Vilnius: Tyto alba. p. 71.
1552:every year, where she lived with
796:In 1918 Jadvyga was deputized by
489:(1879–1964), who had established
326:Academy of Arts in St. Petersburg
97:Marija Rima Tūbelaitė (1923-2014)
2023:20th-century Lithuanian nobility
1960:
1854:. Vilnius: Versus aureus. p. 91.
1732:. Vilnius: Versus aureus. p. 59.
1703:. Vilnius: Versus aureus. p. 52.
1135:was ousted from his position as
526:Act of Independence of Lithuania
366:In 1915, she graduated from the
332:(en: ‘Lithuanian Voice’).
295:Lithuanian National Philharmonic
287:Gabrielius Landsbergis-Žemkalnis
1945:Jakubavičienė, Ingrida (2014).
1929:Jakubavičienė, Ingrida (2020).
1916:Jakubavičienė, Ingrida (2014).
1903:Jakubavičienė, Ingrida (2020).
1850:Jakubavičienė, Ingrida (2014).
1824:Gaigalaitė A., Žeimantienė J.,
1771:Jakubavičienė, Ingrida (2020).
1756:Jakubavičienė, Ingrida (2020).
1728:Jakubavičienė, Ingrida (2014).
1716:. Boston: Brill Rodopi. p. 307.
1699:Jakubavičienė, Ingrida (2014).
1690:. Boston: Brill Rodopi. p. 206.
1655:Jakubavičienė, Ingrida (2020).
1641:Jakubavičienė, Ingrida (2020).
1587:Jadvyga eventually ended up in
1459:From Argentina, they sailed to
842:When Jadvyga was called to the
537:Lithuania declared Independence
339:(1883–1942) was a professor at
1541:and Petras Klimas jr. (son of
1384:When the Smetonas returned to
1063:from 1927 to 1929, she edited
653:‘Alright’, I said, ‘I’ll go.’"
362:sang in, I saw several times."
1:
1933:. Vilnius: Tyto alba. p. 352.
1907:. Vilnius: Tyto alba. p. 219.
1581:St. Petersburg Beach, Florida
1479:and her sister Sofija to the
1416:Jadvyga and Marija flew from
1197:, Voldemaras was ousted in a
1015:. Žukas stopped the train in
962:The Saccharine Scandal (1921)
906:Kaunas, Lithuania (1920-1927)
838:Paris Peace Conference (1919)
606:Catholic State of Württemberg
575:on February 18, 1918, and in
505:from the desk - "you are the
89:Prime Minister Juozas Tūbelis
1659:. Vilnius: Tyto alba. p. 71.
1127:Ousting of Voldemaras (1929)
935:Rev. Juozas Tumas-Vaižgantas
634:They accepted it on July 1.
391:French Revolutionary History
49:Putnam Cemetery, Connecticut
1712:Eidintas, Alfonsas (2015).
1686:Eidintas, Alfonsas (2015).
1511:, to 1771 Church Street NW
1440:) and then took a train to
1321:On the evening of June 16,
739:Ministry of Foreign Affairs
610:Wilhelm Karl, Duke of Urach
587:Wilhelm Karl, Duke of Urach
558:(1890–1946), the editor of
140:Prime Minister of Lithuania
32:Gavėnonių Estate, Lithuania
2044:
1154:. Jadvyga, according to a
1092:Lithuanian Women's Council
931:Vytautas’ the Great Church
456:in the German language in
301:St. Petersburg (1909-1915)
215:Jadvyga began studying at
116:Lithuanian Women's Council
81:Lithuanian Women’s Council
1406:William Christian Bullitt
1379:William Christian Bullitt
1022:Russian famine of 1921-22
953:and returned together to
900:American Embassy in Paris
896:William Christian Bullitt
869:William Christian Bullitt
640:As Jadvyga later told it:
560:Zeitung der Zehnten Armee
460:. In Jadvyga’s own words:
41:October 4, 1988 (aged 97)
1826:Juozas Purickis-Vygandas
1515:. Thanks to the help of
1302:Fleeing Lithuania (1940)
790:Swiss Telegraphic Agency
753:Bern, Switzerland (1918)
629:Karl Gero, Duke of Urach
1412:Berlin to the US (1940)
1394:German Foreign Ministry
1347:, boarded the train to
1306:After the departure of
941:"At my marriage at the
408:began to transform the
224:1905 Russian Revolution
138:, the longest-standing
128:Deputy Chief of Mission
1450:
1402:Paris Peace Conference
1381:
1369:Masurian Lake District
1237:
1229:
1187:
1164:
1088:Bronislava Biržiškienė
1039:Birth of Marija (1923)
959:
922:
876:
870:
856:
844:Paris Peace Conference
822:Council of Lithuania's
816:On December 16, 1918,
811:
733:
709:
705:gute Reise, gute Reise
697:
689:
680:
664:
655:
589:
527:
511:
487:Friedrich von der Ropp
470:
382:
364:
313:
277:
256:
255:1Tilto Street, Vilnius
232:
201:Gabrielius Landsbergis
167:Šiaudiniai (Pakruojis)
162:
1894:. September 28, 1929.
1446:
1377:
1233:
1221:
1172:
1160:
1133:Augustinas Voldemaras
1082:, Birutė Novickienė,
939:
918:
872:
868:
852:
802:
743:Augustinas Voldemaras
732:Augustinas Voldemaras
731:
715:the signed document.
701:
693:
685:
676:
660:
642:
585:
525:
495:
493:came to her and said:
462:
377:Soldiers marching in
376:
356:
337:Augustinas Voldemaras
308:
273:
254:
228:
157:
1573:Bal Harbour, Florida
1548:Jadvyga traveled to
1263:organization of the
1045:Marija Rima Tūbelytė
992:, being sent to the
713:Council of Lithuania
625:Council of Lithuania
602:Council of Lithuania
545:Council of Lithuania
450:Council of Lithuania
414:Council of Lithuania
387:Petrograd University
350:Jadvyga went to the
248:reading or writing.
239:Jadvyga was sent to
182:Romanas Chodakauskas
178:Antanas Chodakauskas
78:Board member of
1589:Putnam, Connecticut
1291:Presidential Palace
1287:Pažaislis Monastery
1069:President Smetona's
707:” and drove away."
499:Verggesse sie nicht
491:‘Das Neue Litauen’,
436:Vilnius (1917-1918)
396:However, after the
235:Vilnius (1905-1909)
211:Jelgava (1899-1905)
1876:. October 2, 1929.
1382:
1084:Sofia Čiurlionienė
1013:Konstantinas Žukas
1009:Tadas Chodakauskas
943:President’s Palace
923:
884:Journal des Debats
871:
734:
590:
577:Tägliche Rundschau
528:
473:Berlin (1918-1919)
383:
314:
257:
186:Tadas Chodakauskas
163:
2001:
2000:
1984:adding categories
1554:Stasys Lozoraitis
1539:Stasys Lozoraitis
1426:Frankfurt am Main
1392:followed. At the
1365:President Smetona
1312:Sofija Smetonienė
1297:Soviet occupation
1265:League of Nations
1261:Save the Children
1191:League of Nations
1148:Antanas Smetona's
1065:Tautininku balsas
806:chargé d'affaires
777:rédacteur en chef
614:King of Lithuania
479:Das Neue Litauen’
454:Das Neue Litauen’
402:in St. Petersburg
368:Bestuzhev Courses
318:Bestuzhev Courses
311:Bestuzhev courses
264:Sofija Smetonienė
190:Sofija Smetonienė
161:St Trinity Church
109:
108:
2035:
1996:
1993:
1987:
1964:
1956:
1950:
1943:
1934:
1927:
1921:
1914:
1908:
1901:
1895:
1890:"News Article".
1888:
1877:
1872:"News Article".
1870:
1864:
1861:
1855:
1848:
1842:
1835:
1829:
1822:
1816:
1809:
1803:
1796:
1790:
1783:
1777:
1776:
1768:
1762:
1761:
1753:
1742:
1739:
1733:
1726:
1717:
1710:
1704:
1697:
1691:
1684:
1678:
1675:
1669:
1666:
1660:
1653:
1647:
1646:
1638:
1632:
1625:
1619:
1616:
1485:The Pierre Hotel
1026:military attaché
798:Vladas Daumantas
572:Vossiche Zeitung
567:Das neue Litauen
503:Das Neue Litauen
291:Mikas Petrauskas
184:(1883–1932) and
175:
29:January 11, 1891
16:
2043:
2042:
2038:
2037:
2036:
2034:
2033:
2032:
2003:
2002:
1997:
1991:
1988:
1977:
1965:
1954:
1953:
1944:
1937:
1928:
1924:
1915:
1911:
1902:
1898:
1889:
1880:
1871:
1867:
1862:
1858:
1849:
1845:
1836:
1832:
1823:
1819:
1813:Lietuvos žinios
1810:
1806:
1797:
1793:
1784:
1780:
1770:
1769:
1765:
1755:
1754:
1745:
1740:
1736:
1727:
1720:
1711:
1707:
1698:
1694:
1685:
1681:
1676:
1672:
1667:
1663:
1654:
1650:
1640:
1639:
1635:
1626:
1622:
1617:
1613:
1608:
1596:Putnam Cemetery
1575:(just north of
1562:Francis Picabia
1524:William Bullitt
1517:William Bullitt
1477:Antanas Smetona
1469:
1414:
1361:
1308:Antanas Smetona
1304:
1299:
1280:William Bullitt
1242:
1211:at the time in
1129:
1057:
1041:
1005:Antanas Smetona
998:Juozas Purickis
988:items, such as
964:
913:
908:
840:
781:editor-in-chief
755:
726:
721:
595:
533:
475:
438:
433:
345:Antanas Smetona
330:Lietuviu Balsas
303:
259:
237:
213:
205:Pranas Mašiotas
169:
152:
134:and married to
62:Alma mater
33:
30:
21:
12:
11:
5:
2041:
2039:
2031:
2030:
2025:
2020:
2015:
2005:
2004:
1999:
1998:
1992:September 2022
1968:
1966:
1959:
1952:
1951:
1935:
1922:
1909:
1896:
1892:New York Times
1878:
1874:New York Times
1865:
1856:
1843:
1830:
1817:
1804:
1791:
1778:
1763:
1743:
1734:
1718:
1705:
1692:
1679:
1670:
1661:
1648:
1633:
1620:
1610:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1569:Miami, Florida
1468:
1465:
1413:
1410:
1388:, Jadvyga and
1360:
1357:
1338:Juozas Tūbelis
1330:Juozas Tūbelis
1303:
1300:
1298:
1295:
1241:
1238:
1217:New York Times
1205:Juozas Tūbelis
1168:New York Times
1156:New York Times
1137:Prime Minister
1128:
1125:
1124:
1123:
1120:
1117:Vilnius region
1105:
1098:
1095:
1090:, founded the
1080:Ona Mašiotienė
1076:
1072:
1056:
1053:
1040:
1037:
963:
960:
927:Juozas Tūbelis
920:Juozas Tūbelis
912:
909:
907:
904:
839:
836:
754:
751:
725:
722:
720:
717:
612:to become the
594:
591:
532:
529:
474:
471:
437:
434:
432:
429:
398:October, 1917
322:St. Petersburg
309:Laboratory of
302:
299:
285:by playwright
269:Juozas Tūbelis
236:
233:
212:
209:
151:
148:
146:noble family.
136:Juozas Tūbelis
107:
106:
103:
99:
98:
95:
91:
90:
87:
83:
82:
79:
75:
74:
71:
67:
66:
63:
59:
58:
55:
51:
50:
47:
43:
42:
39:
35:
34:
31:
27:
23:
22:
19:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
2040:
2029:
2026:
2024:
2021:
2019:
2016:
2014:
2011:
2010:
2008:
1995:
1985:
1981:
1975:
1974:
1969:This article
1967:
1963:
1958:
1957:
1948:
1942:
1940:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1923:
1919:
1913:
1910:
1906:
1900:
1897:
1893:
1887:
1885:
1883:
1879:
1875:
1869:
1866:
1860:
1857:
1853:
1847:
1844:
1840:
1834:
1831:
1827:
1821:
1818:
1814:
1808:
1805:
1801:
1795:
1792:
1788:
1782:
1779:
1774:
1767:
1764:
1759:
1752:
1750:
1748:
1744:
1738:
1735:
1731:
1725:
1723:
1719:
1715:
1709:
1706:
1702:
1696:
1693:
1689:
1683:
1680:
1674:
1671:
1665:
1662:
1658:
1652:
1649:
1644:
1637:
1634:
1630:
1624:
1621:
1615:
1612:
1605:
1603:
1601:
1597:
1592:
1590:
1585:
1582:
1578:
1574:
1570:
1565:
1563:
1559:
1555:
1551:
1546:
1544:
1543:Petras Klimas
1540:
1536:
1535:Petras Klimas
1531:
1529:
1525:
1520:
1518:
1514:
1513:Washington DC
1510:
1504:
1500:
1497:
1492:
1490:
1486:
1482:
1478:
1473:
1466:
1464:
1462:
1461:New York City
1457:
1455:
1449:
1445:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1427:
1424:, Spain (via
1423:
1419:
1411:
1409:
1407:
1403:
1399:
1395:
1391:
1387:
1380:
1376:
1372:
1370:
1366:
1358:
1356:
1354:
1350:
1346:
1341:
1339:
1335:
1331:
1326:
1324:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1301:
1296:
1294:
1292:
1288:
1283:
1281:
1278:
1274:
1273:Petras Klimas
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1253:
1251:
1247:
1239:
1236:
1232:
1228:
1226:
1225:Jonas Tubelis
1220:
1218:
1214:
1210:
1206:
1202:
1201:
1196:
1192:
1186:
1184:
1179:
1178:
1171:
1169:
1163:
1159:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1145:
1140:
1138:
1134:
1126:
1121:
1118:
1114:
1110:
1106:
1103:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1081:
1077:
1073:
1070:
1066:
1062:
1061:
1060:
1054:
1052:
1048:
1046:
1038:
1036:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1018:
1014:
1010:
1006:
1001:
999:
995:
991:
987:
982:
980:
976:
971:
969:
961:
958:
956:
952:
948:
944:
938:
936:
932:
928:
921:
917:
910:
905:
903:
901:
897:
892:
890:
886:
885:
879:
875:
867:
863:
861:
855:
851:
849:
845:
837:
835:
834:recognition.
833:
829:
828:
823:
819:
818:Jurgis Šaulys
814:
810:
807:
801:
799:
794:
793:
791:
786:
782:
778:
774:
770:
769:
764:
760:
752:
750:
748:
747:Petras Klimas
744:
740:
730:
723:
718:
716:
714:
708:
706:
700:
696:
692:
688:
684:
679:
675:
673:
669:
663:
659:
654:
651:
647:
641:
638:
635:
632:
630:
626:
621:
617:
615:
611:
607:
603:
598:
592:
588:
584:
580:
578:
574:
573:
568:
563:
561:
557:
552:
550:
546:
542:
538:
530:
524:
520:
518:
517:
510:
508:
504:
500:
494:
492:
488:
482:
480:
477:The task of ‘
472:
469:
467:
461:
459:
455:
451:
447:
443:
435:
430:
428:
426:
422:
417:
415:
411:
407:
403:
401:
394:
392:
388:
380:
375:
371:
369:
363:
361:
355:
353:
348:
346:
342:
338:
335:At the time,
333:
331:
327:
323:
319:
312:
307:
300:
298:
296:
292:
289:and composer
288:
284:
283:
276:
272:
270:
265:
260:
253:
249:
245:
242:
234:
231:
227:
225:
220:
218:
210:
208:
206:
202:
198:
193:
192:(1884–1968).
191:
187:
183:
179:
173:
168:
160:
156:
149:
147:
145:
141:
137:
133:
129:
125:
121:
117:
113:
104:
100:
96:
92:
88:
84:
80:
76:
72:
70:Occupation(s)
68:
64:
60:
56:
52:
48:
44:
40:
36:
28:
24:
17:
1989:
1970:
1946:
1930:
1925:
1917:
1912:
1904:
1899:
1891:
1873:
1868:
1859:
1851:
1846:
1838:
1833:
1825:
1820:
1812:
1807:
1799:
1794:
1786:
1781:
1772:
1766:
1757:
1737:
1729:
1713:
1708:
1700:
1695:
1687:
1682:
1673:
1664:
1656:
1651:
1642:
1636:
1628:
1623:
1614:
1593:
1586:
1566:
1547:
1532:
1521:
1505:
1501:
1493:
1474:
1470:
1458:
1451:
1447:
1415:
1383:
1362:
1342:
1327:
1320:
1305:
1284:
1254:
1252:occupation.
1243:
1234:
1230:
1222:
1216:
1198:
1188:
1182:
1175:
1173:
1167:
1165:
1161:
1155:
1141:
1130:
1064:
1058:
1049:
1042:
1034:
1002:
994:Soviet Union
986:black market
983:
972:
967:
965:
940:
924:
893:
882:
880:
877:
873:
857:
853:
841:
831:
825:
815:
812:
805:
804:There was a
803:
795:
788:
784:
776:
772:
766:
762:
756:
735:
710:
704:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
681:
677:
665:
661:
656:
643:
639:
636:
633:
622:
618:
599:
596:
576:
570:
566:
564:
559:
556:Oscar Wöhrle
553:
534:
514:
512:
506:
502:
498:
496:
490:
483:
478:
476:
463:
453:
439:
418:
399:
395:
384:
381:, March 1917
365:
357:
349:
334:
329:
315:
297:in Vilnius.
281:
278:
274:
261:
258:
246:
238:
229:
221:
214:
194:
164:
111:
110:
46:Burial place
2018:1988 deaths
2013:1891 births
1600:Connecticut
1213:Switzerland
1166:In another
933:in Kaunas.
809:government.
370:for women.
170: [
144:Chodakowski
132:Switzerland
54:Nationality
2007:Categories
1973:categories
1606:References
1398:Voldemaras
1277:Ambassador
1209:sanatorium
1071:positions.
990:saccharine
947:Voldemaras
848:Versailles
646:Voldemaras
446:Voldemaras
444:headed by
406:Bolsheviks
320:, both in
197:Pašvitinys
159:Pašvitinys
57:Lithuanian
1931:Portretas
1905:Portretas
1773:Portretas
1758:Portretas
1657:Portretas
1643:Portretas
1528:Cleveland
1496:Cleveland
1454:Argentina
1434:Barcelona
1271:to visit
1240:1934–1937
1139:in 1929.
1113:Red Cross
955:Lithuania
783:) of the
541:Lithuania
507:rédacteur
421:Lithuania
379:Petrograd
360:Chaliapin
102:Parent(s)
1980:help out
1509:Brooklyn
1489:New York
1017:Joniškis
832:de facto
827:de facto
668:Eitkūnai
650:Purickis
597:Source:
516:Vorwätts
423:through
94:Children
1978:Please
1947:Seserys
1918:Seserys
1852:Seserys
1730:Seserys
1701:Seserys
1584:house.
1558:Vatican
1463:, USA.
1359:Germany
1334:Fabergé
1323:Tūbelis
1316:Soviets
1152:fascism
1144:fascism
1115:in the
1109:Vilnius
768:Reuters
672:Vilnius
466:Smetona
410:tsarist
352:theatre
244:medal.
241:Vilnius
217:Jelgava
1530:Ohio.
1442:Lisbon
1438:Madrid
1422:Madrid
1418:Berlin
1390:Marija
1386:Berlin
1353:NKVD's
1349:Berlin
1345:Marija
1257:Geneva
1250:Soviet
1246:Kaunas
1195:Geneva
1030:Moscow
979:Kaunas
889:Polish
773:Stefan
549:Berlin
458:Berlin
425:Sweden
404:, the
282:Birutė
86:Spouse
1802:: 7–8
1598:) in
1577:Miami
1269:Paris
951:Paris
860:Paris
779:(en:
763:Havas
569:, in
535:When
174:]
124:Paris
1629:LCVA
1550:Rome
1436:and
1430:Lyon
1310:and
1200:coup
1183:coup
1177:coup
968:ELTA
785:Bund
771:and
759:Bern
400:coup
122:and
120:Bern
38:Died
26:Born
1982:by
1545:).
1537:),
1487:in
1481:USA
1420:to
1193:in
1185:."
1028:in
977:in
929:at
846:in
658:it:
176:to
130:to
2009::
1938:^
1881:^
1746:^
1721:^
1602:.
1456:.
1432:,
1428:,
1282:.
1032:.
981:.
970:.
765:,
745:,
631:.
347:.
172:lt
126:,
1994:)
1990:(
1976:.
1815:.
1119:.
792:.
497:“
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
