308:(RPS, "Regrouping Plan") settlement, a regrouping scheme for undeveloped settlements and those that are developing. In RPS settlements, all residents have individual house, built by the government where they are provided with electricity and water supply, communication facilities, public halls, shops, schools, children's and medical institutions, asphalted roads are laid for them. People from different settlements located in or near the jungle were moved to such villages. Much of the people still continue to live in old settlements. Usually there is no electricity there, water is taken from natural sources, and there are only a few houses built out of durable building materials. Access to these villages are through earthen roads and jungle paths.
1084:. The Jakun people are now torn off from the jungle, although from time to time they would still harvest jungle produce. Traditional activities are no longer a source of income for them. Most Jakun communities in the modern age have a settled lifestyle and live in permanent villages practicing agriculture. Much of the Jakun people are collective owner of the rubber and oil palm plantations; the main commodity produced in the region. From these plantations, they receive monthly earnings. These funds, as well as government monetary assistance, are fully used to cover their daily expenses. In addition, people have plots of land in the village where groats (yams, lemongrass, cassava, bananas) are grown and animals are raised.
1196:
1120:
989:
277:
1167:
washing and taking care of children. In the field, there are representatives of both sexes. Besides housework, women are engaged in rubber tapping, collecting wild fruits, herbs and oil palm fruits. Despite the fact that men dominate the economic field, the role of women here is also gradually increasing. There are already female entrepreneurs. If in regards to the outside world, Jakun communities are predominantly men, whereas decision making at the family level is usually carried out by women. Women are not silent and reduced here, as it is with Malay Muslim women, they are actively involved in all conversations and discussions.
1163:
lover; whom she had committed the offence with should try to free her and bring her into her husband's house. At this point, the husband throws the spear out in ambush and to take the life of either his wife or her lover. If the lover can manage to bring woman into the house, then she cannot be killed anymore, but she can still be driven out of her husband's house. A wife in the same way cannot punish her unfaithful husband in an event of adultery. If the man divorces his wife, then he will lose his dowry unless if the woman divorces her husband, then she must return the dowry to her husband.
48:
1243:
heritage. On the other hand, the jungle for them is a source of livelihood. Therefore, they consider the conservation of jungles as a guarantee of the well-being of their future generations. Hence, the Jakun people do not perceive nature conservation in the sense of restricting activities in the jungle. They refer to these problems purely from practical considerations and the conservation of jungles is considered from the point of view of quantitative assessment of the benefits that they will derive from.
864:
707:
1072:
804:, the "Regrouping Plan") sites whose settlers are provided with basic amenities. Although they were placed in new state-funded houses in already existing villages, the provision of amenities and infrastructure is noticeably lagging behind. Jungles that are cut down near Jakun villages were replaced with other commodity crop plantations that are not theirs, but the Jakun people still receive revenues from these plantations.
80:
1155:
the dowry. A dance is performed during the wedding day, in the middle of which the bride would dash off into the jungle followed by the bridegroom to chase her. Should he failed to return without the bride, the wedding would be called off and he would be jeered by the attendees of the wedding. During the wedding ceremony, young couple must feed each other with rice.
1215:, living in wet tropical jungles, have formed a distinctive and unique culture. They have a high level of knowledge about the environment, formed on the basis of empirical experience. This knowledge is inherited from their ancestors, and passed through the ages from generation to generation. Loss of jungles,
1111:. At the same time, the security of Jakun people's everyday amenities is still insufficient. Many of the Jakun villages do not have water supply and electricity. The poverty rate in many of their communities is one of the highest in the country. Young people also do not have enough business opportunities.
1242:
and having the appropriate experience, can make a significant contribution to the conservation of jungles. In general, they have a positive attitude to these processes, but it is specific. On one hand, the jungle is in their blood, they perceive it as a refuge of their traditional knowledge, as their
1162:
Jakun people are usually monogamous, and divorces occur extremely rarely among them. In cases of adultery, punishment may even be death. Traditionally, the man would have his wife; who have committed the offence tied to a tree in front of his house, and then hides in the bushes with three spears. Her
1008:
is closely linked to the nature and the land on which they live. It is the basis of their material and spiritual being, as well as the source of their physical and emotional nourishment. Jakun people do not consider themselves as a higher being higher than animals. They speak with animals too, as if
1154:
Family life begins about 17 years old. When a boy chooses a girlfriend, his family sends a matchmaker to arrange a marriage and set the value of the dowry for the young. According to Jakun's customs, the bride's family later in the form of a gift returns to the bridegroom's family for about half of
1150:
The nucleus family; which usually consists of five or six individuals, predominates. The Jakun people live in close contact with their relatives, brothers and sisters, parents and children are usually standing next to each other. Here they attach special importance to the institution of the family,
1099:
Most children would go to school. Their parents have a positive attitude towards schooling, because they believe that education will improve the chances of children to have a better life. But like many other Orang Asli groups, however, they suffer from inadequate access to public schools, which can
1058:
The
Islamization of the Jakun people is often superficial. They regard themselves as Muslims only to receive certain benefits. There is also a psychological factor involved. Jakun people who live in close contact with the Malay people, would almost always say that they are Muslims. But they usually
1170:
The birth of a child changes the identity of the child's parents and grandparents; of which they move up to a more respectable category. Their name changes accordingly, since this time the parents are called by the name of their eldest child with the addition of "father" or "mother". A new name is
799:
as poor and marginalized ethnic minorities that are far from center of developments. Their socioeconomic activity, which is closely linked to the surrounding natural resources, is considered to be backward. For a better life, they are offered to move to permanent residence in villages based on the
1015:
Jakun people believe that the forces that "live" in natural objects are so powerful that they can bring about inconceivable things at first glance. In their beliefs, one could only just touch a leaf of a certain plant, and it can heal a sick person or make one crave a certain desire, because that
1095:
Some of the Jakun people work in the tourism field, especially among those that lived in the national park territories. They conduct excursions or services for tourists. Some of the locals began to organize tourist attractions in their villages with elements of local traditions such as arranging
1166:
Men and women in Jakun society are equal. The husband is the head of the household, therefore it is he who is responsible for ensuring the material needs of the family, which in most cases he works outside of the home. The woman on the other hand mainly deals with housework, including cooking,
1158:
Usually after a marriage, when the young couple do not have their own house, the husband goes to live with his wife's parents. According to tradition, every wife must visit their husband's parents for at least three days each year. This event is celebrated injunction with traditional holidays.
969:
In using natural resources, the Jakun people must take into account the ownership of specific communities in a certain territory. Although they do not physically demarcate it, everyone knew well the limits of the possessions of their neighboring communities. People hunted animals, caught fish,
1143:, the Jakun community is an informal association of fully autonomous families. In the past, the village head often headed the group only during their wanderings in the jungles and hunting. At the same time, in areas closer to Malay settlements, such a leader gradually turned into a hereditary
1151:
such as values of respect for the elders, as well as the character of each person. The family is very stable and intact. Before marriage, children live with their parents, until they would start their own new family. Although they live separately, they would often visit their parents.
1174:
Usually Jakun people are referred to as quiet, kind and timid people. They have dislike of strangers and try to avoid contact with them. The
Aboriginal Peoples Act of 1954, which, with some changes, continues to operate today, contributes to the preservation of the barrier between
300:
All Jakun settlements are located near the jungle, and their population is more or less dependent on jungle resources. The geography of this region varies from a wet swampy area to dense tropical jungles. The local climate is determined by high humidity and seasonal monsoons.
1000:
Most Jakun people adhere to their animistic beliefs that are closely related to their natural surroundings. They believe that not only people have souls but animals, plants, and even inanimate objects (mountains, hills, settlements, rivers, rocks, caves, and so on) as well.
1031:
meaning, "healer" or "sorcerers") are able to "communicate" with spirits, and because of this they are respected and revered by society. Sometimes they are more influential than rural heads. In order to communicate with supernatural forces or ancestral spirits, the
800:
model of Malay peasants. As a result of the implementation of government programs under the resettlement scheme, most Jakun people were forced to leave their traditional villages and found themselves in specially constructed for them new state-owned so-called RPS (
783:
The active penetration of the state government and individuals into traditional Jakun areas began in the mid-1980s, and intensified in the 1990s. In 1987, there was a land conflict between local Jakun settlers and the other settlers in Pasir Asam, near
842:
Now their villages are far from the forest, they are deprived of their native environment, where they collected rattan, root crops, looked after their forest plants. This is also added with a significant depletion of the remaining natural resources.
761:
often mixed with the Jakun people, and the aborigines became part of the Malay population. Those indigenous people who opposed the outsiders were eventually moved to the interior regions and retained a significant part of their traditional culture.
1106:
Jakun people are becoming more and more modernized and they are no longer seen as a stereotypical indigenous people as they are dressed as like any ordinary
Malaysians, watch television, listen to radio, drive cars, ride motorcycles and speak the
1223:
and skills, and with them, to the loss of their identity as a separate people. The wanderings through the jungle still brings moral satisfaction and pleasant memories to the older generation, but for the young people it is forgotten traditions.
1079:
Under the influence of integration into modern economy, the life of the indigenous peoples of
Malaysia experience a transformation. Before the colonial era, many Jakun people would enter the jungle on a seasonal basis to harvest
846:
There are areas of Jakun settlements that found themselves in the areas of attention in the tourism industry. Tourists are attracted primarily by "untouched nature" of the locals. A popular place for ecotourism, particularly
970:
cultivated farms, or collected grass only within their own territory. In addition, they do not take anything superfluous in regards to using natural resources, because they understood that the jungle should not be harmed.
1091:
Jakun people still use traditional traps for fishing. Although they are familiar with fishing rods, they only perceive their use for leisure. Unless there is really a need to catch fish, they would still use fish traps.
930:
where after two seasons of land cultivation had passed, they would move on to another plot of land and start everything again from the beginning. They would only return to the old plot of land after many years.
1087:
At the same time, due to the increased demand for jungle produce, some Jakun people have resumed harvesting of rattan, bamboo, wood, wild bush, roots and medicinal plants. The collected products are for sale.
2858:
An
Account of the Wild Tribes Inhabiting the Malayan Peninsula, Sumatra, and a Few Neighbouring Islands: With A Journey in Johore and A Journey in the Menangkabaw States of the Malayan Peninsula
2041:
1502:
1231:
and skills of the people in Jakun communities. An example could be the introduction of cultivation of local medicinal plants of commercial value, the production of mats for sale, rugs from
3029:
Cyclopædia of India and of
Eastern and Southern Asia, Commercial, Industrial and Scientific: Products of the Mineral, Vegetable and Animal Kingdoms, Useful Arts and Manufactures, Volume 3
1183:, the main of which one belongs to an indigenous community and their adherence to traditional customs, language, beliefs and lifestyles. However, Jakun people often interact with other
916:) made of bamboo and bounded by rocks are used to catch fish in rivers or streams. The type and shape of the cage trap depends on the size and type of fish they are going to catch.
1371:
1630:
919:
Jungle produce such as wild fruits, rattan, wood, rubber, wax, camphor and herbs are gathered. A significant portion of these produce are then exchanged for other commodities.
1016:
leaf has the power of the spirit. For that reason, the Jakun people believe in the strength found in traditional medicine based on herbs and roots that they find in the wild.
3281:
2909:
3045:"Local Understanding of Forest Conservation in Land Use Change Dynamics: Evidence from the Orang Asli Jakun Community Living in Tropical Peat Swamp Forest, Pahang, Malaysia"
1593:
1477:
1966:
1135:
A Jakun village usually consists of several families. Those families are grouped into a village community headed by a village head, chieftain, leader or elder called,
855:
under water. However, due to the depletion of the local natural resources, the flow of tourists has decreased. In 2007, they managed to attract only 17,000 people.
2665:
807:
The resettlement of Jakun people to new settlements has often occurred in relation with some natural disasters. Such as the villagers of
Selingkong and Meranti in
4288:
905:) are employed in hunting; which is usually made of bamboo tubing with sharpened tip bamboo darts that are pre-dipped in poison. Jakun hunters can shoot their
1096:
traditional greetings, selling traditional handmade products, provide training classes on local ways of hunting for tourists, fishing and jungle trekking.
792:. The state government was favouring the settlers and offered the Jakun settlers to move to a new settlement specially built for the indigenous people.
1358:
1039:
In carrying out the policy of
Islamization of the indigenous population; which became intensified after 1980, Muslim missionaries began to operate in
2975:
Muhammad Adha Shaleh; Miriam Karen Guth; Syed Ajijur Rahman (2016). "Local
Understanding of Forest Conservation in Land Use Change Dynamics": 11–12.
922:
In some areas, the Jakun people also engage in primitive agriculture. They had small farms in the jungle. For this purpose, the land was cleared by
1506:
4102:
3274:
2940:
Muhammad Adha Shaleh; Miriam Karen Guth; Syed Ajijur Rahman (2016). "Local
Understanding of Forest Conservation in Land Use Change Dynamics": 10.
2480:"Entrepreneurship among The Orang Asli Proto-Malays (A Malaysian Aboriginal Tribe) In Rompin, Pahang: Are they progressing in entrepreneurship?"
4082:
1336:
Vital voices: endangered languages and multilingualism : proceedings of the Tenth FEL Conference, CIIL, Mysore, India, 25-27 October, 2006
4097:
3983:
2623:
2462:
2181:
2156:
1867:
1819:
1706:
1643:
1399:
1343:
1279:
4068:
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Jakun people are very superstitious, as they believe that misfortune awaits due to violations of rules established by nature for people.
1375:
1103:
Many of the young people work in cities. If the work brings them good income, then they will not settle back in their native villages.
4293:
3267:
3013:
Pagan Races of the Malay Peninsula: Preface. Introduction. pt. 1. Race. pt. 2. Manners and customs. Appendix. Place and personal names
1980:
Rosta Harun; Azizah Sulong; Yip Hin Wai; Tengku Hanidza Ismail; Mohd Kamil Yusoff; Latifah Abdul Manaf; Hafizan Juahi (January 2010).
1649:
2893:
2768:
2509:
2294:
2269:
2116:
1794:
2916:
2478:
Abu Bakar Sedek Abdul Jamak; Nuradli Ridzwan Shah Bin Mohd Dali; Abu Bakar Bin Mohd Yusof; Syed Zamberi Bin Ahmad (26 March 2016).
2073:
1528:
1195:
1119:
988:
980:
In the past, Jakun people wore loincloth around the hips made from the bark of trees with their own hands and did not buy clothes.
276:
2132:
Bela C. Maday (1965). "American University (Washington, D.C.). Foreign Areas Studies Division, United States. Dept. of the Army".
1187:
groups, as well as Chinese and Malay people, and residents of the surrounding villages. Occasionally, there are mixed marriages.
1430:
4236:
1171:
also given to newly-born's grandmother and grandfather, now that their name is named after their grandson in the same manner.
4231:
1600:
234:
of the southwest and centre of the Peninsula and several coastal communities of the south of the Peninsula, including the
4267:
2640:
2315:"Education and awareness of modern health care amongst aboriginal people: The case of the Jakuns of Peninsular Malaysia"
863:
1227:
Some international and Malaysian organizations are attempting, on a commercial basis, to introduce activities based on
4247:
2590:
1452:
680:
1047:. According to JHEOA statistics in 1996, a total of 16,637 Jakun people totaled 1,324 Muslims (8%). In the state of
2886:
The Orang Asli and the contest for resources: indigenous politics, development, and identity in Peninsular Malaysia
1725:. Social Anthropology Section, School of Comparative Social Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia. 1976. p. 197.
1009:
they can understand them. There is great respect for every living thing, from the big elephant to the tiny cicada.
346:
2314:
1632:
The Orang Asli and the Contest for Resources. Indigenous Politics, Development and Identity in Peninsular Malaysia
691:. It does not have its own written language, is gradually replaced by Malay and is under threat of disappearance.
3290:
1216:
879:. The nutritional diet are based on fish and wild animals. Animals such as wild boars, indigenous deer species (
4257:
4186:
3388:
3081:
648:
973:
The traditional house of the Jakun people is hut made of bamboo flooring, tree bark or wooden plank walls and
47:
4161:
4107:
3408:
1232:
757:
initially established trade relations with the local population, but later began to dominate the land. The
4252:
3488:
765:
For a period of long time the Jakun people continued to live mostly in isolation from the outside world.
4221:
4211:
3740:
3358:
3343:
3310:
2980:
2945:
1960:
1239:
1228:
1220:
758:
754:
750:
711:
660:
659:, and end up abandoning their culture and traditions. While families with Chinese heritage may practice
126:
753:
arrived on the peninsula much later, probably around 1,500-2,000 years ago from Taiwan. Initially, the
655:
with ethnic Malays or Chinese. Those who marry or assimilated with Malays usually adhere or convert to
2526:
1019:
It is believed that souls can leave their hosts, and they can be tempted or coerced by magic. A Jakun
4226:
4206:
4171:
3378:
3325:
2723:
2551:
2414:
1749:
1179:
and other groups of the population. The law defines the criteria by which a person may be considered
1051:, the results of Islamization were more prominent with 20% of the Jakun people are Muslims, while in
927:
824:
652:
336:
326:
316:
122:
4298:
4242:
4191:
3473:
3393:
3074:
2199:"Strategi Tradisional Komuniti Jakun Tasik Chini, Pahang Mengurus Sumber Semulajadi Secara Lestari"
1941:
1200:
1124:
2820:
2696:
1942:"Orang Asli in Peninsular Malaysia: Population, Spatial Distribution and Socio-Economic Condition"
1403:
4092:
4087:
4077:
3353:
2741:
2432:
1767:
1676:
881:
281:
3498:
2791:
1071:
2236:
Women of All Nations: A Record of Their Characteristics, Habits, Manners, Customs and Influence
815:
moved here after a major flood in 1971. Another group of Jakun people living in the jungles of
706:
268:, the name "jakun" carries a derogatory connotation meaning "slave" or unsophisticated person.
4262:
4063:
4027:
3978:
3960:
3688:
3525:
3456:
3190:
3056:
3032:
3016:
2889:
2866:
2795:
2764:
2619:
2505:
2458:
2383:
2325:
2290:
2265:
2239:
2210:
2177:
2152:
2112:
2022:
1916:
1863:
1840:
1815:
1790:
1702:
1639:
1339:
1275:
959:
939:
676:
230:
was used as a term that encompasses all sub-groups in the Proto-Malay division, including the
177:
4201:
4117:
4112:
3997:
3916:
3770:
3673:
3510:
3431:
3320:
3170:
2862:
2731:
2563:
2422:
1993:
1757:
1140:
1059:
do not know any Muslim prayer, nor do they go to a mosque, and do not adhere to the laws of
935:
820:
777:
369:
2816:
Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, Commercial, Industrial and Scientific
2692:
Cyclopædia of India and of Eastern and Southern Asia, Commercial, Industrial and Scientific
4216:
4195:
4180:
4176:
3949:
3943:
3899:
3864:
3785:
3668:
3483:
3441:
3398:
3373:
3180:
2993:
2958:
993:
934:
However, most Jakun people prefer not to engage in farming but to exchange foods from the
876:
832:
727:
599:
289:
181:
2814:
2727:
2690:
2418:
2080:
1753:
1638:. Center for Orang Asli Concerns & International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs.
4012:
3955:
3855:
3820:
3790:
3745:
3718:
3683:
3594:
3515:
3493:
3368:
3348:
3233:
3175:
2785:
1108:
1081:
1028:
974:
923:
808:
688:
684:
672:
383:
265:
110:
106:
53:
4282:
4022:
4017:
4007:
3921:
3906:
3874:
3815:
3795:
3750:
3728:
3678:
3604:
3587:
3478:
3446:
3383:
3363:
3243:
3226:
3195:
3044:
2479:
2198:
1982:"Impacts of Forest Changes on Indigenous People Livelihood in Pekan District, Pahang"
1940:
Nobuta Toshihiro; Tarmiji Masron; Fujimaki Masami; Norhasimah Ismail (October 2013).
1905:
1400:"The Development Of The Orang Asli Community In Peninsular Malaysia: The Way Forward"
963:
651:
tribes. Jakun people typically have olive-brown to dark copper skin color. Some have
239:
231:
150:
2856:
2745:
2436:
2313:
Vivien W.C. Yew; Mal-Kong Sia; K.C. Lam; Sarmila M.S.; Sivapalan Selvadurai (2015).
2042:"Chapter 15: Orang Asli Interactions With The Malaysian Tropical Rain Forest System"
1981:
1771:
1594:"Living On The Periphery: Development and Islamization Among Orang Asli in Malaysia"
643:
The Jakuns are taller than the other aboriginal peoples of the Malay Peninsula, the
4002:
3992:
3889:
3884:
3825:
3760:
3708:
3663:
3651:
3626:
3621:
3616:
3599:
3503:
3426:
3238:
3185:
3154:
3139:
3134:
852:
220:
146:
130:
3840:
1043:
communities. As a result, a certain part of the Jakun population was converted to
304:
Jakun live in villages belonging to different categories. This development is the
2834:
1812:
The Aboriginal People of Peninsular Malaysia: From the Forest to the Urban Jungle
4049:
3775:
3723:
3582:
3572:
3562:
3520:
3467:
3221:
3211:
3124:
926:
method. Rice and tuber-based crops like sweet potatoes are grown. They practice
785:
769:
723:
433:
254:
247:
243:
212:
208:
280:
The area circled in red indicates the location of the Jakun people in southern
4043:
3935:
3911:
3879:
3755:
3577:
3552:
3539:
3300:
3216:
3097:
1212:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1040:
1005:
951:
887:
848:
796:
735:
541:
429:
379:
235:
216:
192:
173:
23:
3060:
3036:
3020:
2870:
2799:
2568:
2387:
2329:
2243:
2214:
2026:
1920:
1844:
4151:
3765:
3735:
3259:
1219:
and change in the way of life of the Jakun people lead to the loss of their
722:
It is traditionally believed that the ancestors of Jakun people, like other
261:, generally taller and having lighter skin than other groups of Orang Asli.
258:
27:
3869:
1402:. Ministry of Rural and Regional Development Malaysia. 2005. Archived from
1883:
3845:
3101:
3066:
1295:
943:
695:
583:
185:
85:
2455:
Indigenous People and Economic Development: An International Perspective
1997:
687:. Perhaps it should be considered as one of the archaic dialects of the
528:
Distribution of the Jakun population by states (1996, JHEOA statistic):
3850:
3713:
3700:
3641:
3403:
3159:
1550:
906:
898:
893:
868:
393:
356:
196:
20:
1272:
Malaysia's Original People: Past, Present and Future of the Orang Asli
4131:
3894:
3830:
3646:
3636:
3631:
3611:
3149:
3144:
3114:
2736:
2711:
2427:
2402:
1762:
1737:
1052:
955:
947:
836:
812:
739:
731:
644:
551:
417:
413:
407:
403:
397:
387:
311:
Some of the settlements that the Jakun people are located includes:-
293:
200:
172:(meaning "people of the upstream") are an ethnic group recognised as
93:
3043:
Muhammad Adha Shaleh; Miriam Karen Guth; Syed Ajijur Rahman (2016),
2550:
Jamalunlaili Abdullah; Siti Aisyah Abd Samat; Che Bon Ahmad (2018).
2262:
The New Encyclopaedia Britannica: Micropaedia, Holderness - Krasnoje
1503:"Malaysia: Orang asli are highlighting their plight on social media"
2174:
Taming the Wild: Aborigines and Racial Knowledge in Colonial Malaya
1858:
Kamila Ghazali (2010). "National Identity and Minority Languages".
819:, left their native land through a cholera outbreak settled in the
3835:
3807:
3658:
3463:
3451:
3436:
3119:
1204:
1194:
1128:
1118:
1070:
1060:
1048:
1044:
987:
862:
828:
816:
789:
773:
743:
715:
705:
656:
567:
439:
The population dynamics of the Jakun people are as the following:
373:
365:
360:
350:
340:
330:
320:
297:
275:
204:
134:
89:
2666:"Visit to the Jakun tribe at Bukit Radan, Muadzam Shah in Pahang"
3263:
3070:
2888:. International Work Group for Indigenous Affairs. p. 11.
734:
some 5,000 years ago. The ancestors of the other two groups of
428:
The Jakun people are the second largest ethnic group among the
191:
The Malaysian government recognises 18 different sub-groups of
3049:
International Journal of Environmental Planning and Management
1906:"The Aslian languages of Malaysia and Thailand: an assessment"
2234:
Thomas Athol Joyce; Northcote Whitridge Thomas, eds. (1911).
2136:. Vol. 550. U.S. Government Printing Office. p. 86.
1334:
R. Elangaiyan (2007). "Foundation for Endangered Languages".
436:
people group. They are numbered at 31,577 people as of 2010.
2352:. Vol. 39–40. Malayan Nature Society. 1985. p. 33.
851:, with its legend about the immersion of an ancient city of
2915:. UNDP - United Nations Development Program. Archived from
2017:
Kamila Ghazali; Sakina Suffian; Khatijah Shamsudin (2010).
2453:
Katia Iankova; Azizul Hassan; Rachel L'Abbe, eds. (2016).
780:, pillars of Japanese soldiers were passing their jungle.
2819:. Printed at the Scottish & Adelphi presses. p.
2695:. Printed at the Scottish & Adelphi presses. p.
2197:
Mustaffa Omar; Zanisah Man; Ishak Yussof (January 2011).
1699:
Modernity and Malaysia: Settling the Menraq Forest Nomads
3011:
Walter William Skeat & Charles Otto Blagden (1906),
2710:
Walter William Skeat & Charles Otto Blagden (1906).
2401:
Walter William Skeat & Charles Otto Blagden (1906).
2367:. Vol. 29. Dansk etnografisk forening. p. 214.
2324:(13). Malaysian Journal of Society and Space 11: 79–85.
1736:
Walter William Skeat & Charles Otto Blagden (1906).
897:), lizards, monkeys and other small animals are hunted.
288:
Jakuns are mostly located in the southern region of the
2759:
Richard Carlisle; Yvonne Deutch; Nigel Rodgers (1990).
2074:"Practice Cultural of Orang Asli Jakun at Kampung Peta"
1785:
Richard Carlisle; Yvonne Deutch; Nigel Rodgers (1990).
2264:. Vol. 6. Encyclopaedia Britannica. p. 475.
1374:. Department of Orang Asli Development. Archived from
2482:. Kolej Pengurusan Bisnes, Universiti Tenaga Nasional
2079:. University Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia. Archived from
1949:
Journal of Ritsumeikan Social Sciences and Humanities
1476:
Loh Foon Fong & Kathleen Ann Kili (4 June 2015).
211:). The Jakun people are the largest sub-group in the
4160:
4142:
4126:
4062:
4036:
3977:
3934:
3806:
3699:
3551:
3538:
3417:
3334:
3319:
3308:
2861:. Printed at the Imperial Printing-office. p.
1839:. Printed at the Government Press. pp. 69–70.
958:. Thus they also received clothing, tobacco, salt,
140:
116:
100:
71:
61:
2970:
2968:
2552:"Impacts of Resettlements on Orang Asli Community"
698:channel broadcasts separate Jakun programs daily.
3031:, Printed at the Scottish & Adelphi presses,
1321:Folk: dansk etnografisk tidsskrift, Volumes 28-29
253:In terms of anthropological characteristics, the
1599:. Center for Orang Asli Concerns. Archived from
2684:
2682:
1372:"Structured Settlements Development Programme"
3275:
3082:
2308:
2306:
2067:
2065:
2063:
2061:
2047:. University of Hawai'i at Manoa. p. 244
8:
2363:Johannes Nicolaisen; Jens Yde, eds. (1987).
1965:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1394:
1392:
992:A group of Jakun men from the Langkap Pass,
36:
1624:
1622:
1620:
1319:Johannes Nicolaisen & Jens Yde (1986).
1075:A typical village house for the Orang Asli.
4123:
4033:
3548:
3331:
3316:
3282:
3268:
3260:
3110:
3089:
3075:
3067:
3055:(2), American Institute of Science: 6–14,
2763:. Vol. 8. M. Cavendish. p. 993.
2614:Ahmad A Nasr & Jamil Farooqui (2015).
2255:
2253:
2102:
2100:
2072:Siti Aminah Mohd Sam; Seow Ta Wee (2013).
1835:Peter Darrell Rider Williams-Hunt (1952).
1789:. Vol. 8. M. Cavendish. p. 991.
1549:Yusliza Yakimir Abd Talib (28 June 2016).
1323:. Dansk etnografisk forening. p. 216.
1067:Changes under the influence of the present
35:
2735:
2567:
2556:Environment-Behaviour Proceedings Journal
2504:. Malaysian Timber Council. p. 125.
2426:
1837:An Introduction to the Malayan Aborigines
1761:
1424:
1422:
1420:
1338:. Central Institute of Indian Languages.
942:people with their jungle produce such as
2448:
2446:
2134:Area Handbook for Malaysia and Singapore
1587:
1529:"Can a dying lake in Pahang be revived?"
530:
441:
2790:. Seeley and Company, limited. p.
2761:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Mankind
1787:The Illustrated Encyclopedia of Mankind
1723:Provisional Research Report, Issues 4-6
1585:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1577:
1575:
1573:
1571:
1569:
1567:
1501:Kathleen Ann Kili (29 September 2015).
1431:"Orang Asli menang kes saman RM37 juta"
1257:
1235:leaves, baskets handbags and so forth.
195:, including three broad divisions: the
2989:
2978:
2954:
2943:
1958:
1913:Language Documentation and Description
1671:
1669:
1217:degradation of the natural environment
730:from the southern Chinese province of
16:Group of indigenous people of Malaysia
2525:Zulkifly Ab. Latif (23 August 2018).
2502:Green Malaysia: Rainforest Encounters
2238:. Vol. 1. Cassell. p. 190.
1359:Origins, Identity, and Classification
1265:
1263:
1261:
1191:Preservation of traditional knowledge
7:
4289:Indigenous peoples of Southeast Asia
2855:Pierre Étienne Lazare Favre (1865).
2712:"Pagan Races of the Malay Peninsula"
2403:"Pagan Races of the Malay Peninsula"
1738:"Pagan Races of the Malay Peninsula"
1429:Rokiah Abdullah (23 December 2016).
909:with deadly precision of 30 meters.
72:Regions with significant populations
2837:. Bethany World Prayer Center. 1997
2616:Development and Its Diverse Aspects
2380:Land, people, and economy in Malaya
2149:Agriculture in the Malaysian Region
875:In the past, the Jakun people were
710:A group of Jakun people at Blanja,
392:Kampung Buluh Nipis, Muadzam Shah,
292:, in the interior of the southwest
3027:Edward Green Balfour, ed. (1873),
3015:, Macmillan and Company, Limited,
2813:Edward Green Balfour, ed. (1873).
2689:Edward Green Balfour, ed. (1873).
2618:. Partridge Publishing Singapore.
1527:Maria J. Dass (18 November 2016).
1453:"The last guardians of the jungle"
1451:Dinesh Kumar (29 September 2015).
1100:be far away from the communities.
776:recall with horror how during the
14:
2784:Henry Neville Hutchinson (1897).
795:The state government regards the
215:division, and the second-largest
2639:Lim Chia Ying (2 January 2014).
2591:"SK Tasik Chini's meteoric rise"
2289:. APA Publications. p. 86.
2111:. Asiatic Society. p. 793.
1955:(7). Ritsumeikan University: 90.
1679:. Center for Orang Asli Concerns
1361:, Centre for Orang Asli Concerns
78:
46:
2641:"Poverty: Hope beyond handouts"
1904:Geoffrey Benjamin (July 2014).
1862:. United Nations Publications.
1860:What is the UN Academic Impact?
1036:would hold special ceremonies.
355:Kampung Batu 10, Gunung Arong,
2787:Marriage Customs in Many Lands
2664:Anthony Chua (1 August 2008).
2589:Ann-Marie Khor (24 May 2015).
768:Jakun people living along the
663:in addition to Jakun customs.
1:
2172:Sandra Khor Manickam (2015).
1238:The Jakun people, possessing
219:sub-group overall, after the
3948:Peranakan Eropah (including
2910:"Asli Jakun Heritage Garden"
2527:"A day with the Jakun tribe"
2021:. PPZ. Koleksi Persidangan.
1810:Govindran Jegatesen (2019).
1551:"Berbuka bersama orang asli"
1478:"Orang asli homes torn down"
802:Rancangan Pengumpulan Semula
306:Rancangan Pengumpulan Semula
2500:Premilla Mohanlall (2002).
1123:A group of Jakun people in
694:The Malaysian radio on the
681:Malayo-Polynesian languages
629:
624:
619:
609:
606:
603:
593:
590:
587:
577:
574:
571:
561:
558:
555:
546:Percentage of Jakun people
19:For the "Orang Ulu" of the
4315:
2209:(2). Jurnal e-Bangi: 241.
2176:. NUS Press. p. 197.
1505:. Asia One. Archived from
683:group, closely related to
432:and the largest among the
347:Endau-Rompin National Park
18:
4294:Ethnic groups in Malaysia
3297:
3291:Ethnic groups in Malaysia
3108:
2382:. Longmans. p. 177.
2151:. NUS Press. p. 62.
2019:A Jakun Sense of Identity
1677:"Basic Data / Statistics"
1592:Nobuta Toshihiro (2009).
738:were living here are the
145:
121:
105:
76:
66:
45:
3364:Negeri Sembilanese Malay
2569:10.21834/e-bpj.v3i7.1288
2260:Robert P. Gwinn (1987).
52:Jakun teenagers playing
3432:Christmas Island Malays
2884:Colin Nicholas (2000).
2835:"The Jakun of Malaysia"
2040:A. Terry Rambo (1984).
1629:Colin Nicholas (2000).
1300:Encyclopædia Britannica
726:people, arrived in the
315:Kampung Sayong Pinang,
207:and aboriginal Malays (
40:Urang Jakun / Orang Ulu
2988:Cite journal requires
2953:Cite journal requires
2107:Ajit K. Danda (2004).
1697:Alberto Gomes (2004).
1270:Kirk Endicott (2015).
1208:
1132:
1076:
997:
872:
719:
285:
226:In the past, the name
56:in a community centre.
2109:Asia, land and people
1509:on September 30, 2015
1457:The Malay Mail Online
1240:traditional knowledge
1229:traditional knowledge
1221:traditional knowledge
1198:
1122:
1074:
991:
866:
712:Perak Tengah District
709:
661:Chinese folk religion
335:Kampung Pasir Intan,
279:
141:Related ethnic groups
127:Chinese folk religion
4202:China/Taiwan Chinese
2378:Jin-Bee Ooi (1963).
1406:on 25 September 2018
928:shifting cultivation
871:hunting party, 1906.
825:Kota Tinggi District
337:Kota Tinggi District
327:Kota Tinggi District
317:Kota Tinggi District
123:Traditional religion
4162:Foreign ethnicities
3545:Indigenous peoples)
2728:1907Natur..75R.415C
2668:. The Malaysian Bar
2419:1907Natur..75R.415C
1998:10.14456/ea.2010.55
1754:1907Natur..75R.415C
1055:there are only 5%.
1004:The personality of
859:Traditional economy
412:Kampung Batu Tiga,
42:
4103:Indians in Sarawak
3394:Terengganuan Malay
2350:Malayan Naturalist
2147:R.D. Hill (2013).
1209:
1199:Three Jakun boys,
1133:
1077:
998:
873:
720:
378:Kampung Cendahan,
325:Kampung Semangar,
286:
282:Peninsula Malaysia
4276:
4275:
4138:
4137:
4058:
4057:
4028:Penangite Chinese
3973:
3972:
3930:
3929:
3534:
3533:
3389:Selangorian Malay
3354:Kelantanese Malay
3257:
3256:
3252:
3251:
2625:978-14-828-5354-4
2531:New Straits Times
2464:978-13-171-1730-8
2183:978-99-716-9832-4
2158:978-99-716-9601-6
1869:978-92-110-1231-6
1821:978-04-298-8452-8
1708:978-11-341-0076-7
1645:978-87-90730-15-4
1345:978-09-538-2488-5
1281:978-99-716-9861-4
636:
635:
526:
525:
402:Kampung Langkap,
178:indigenous people
156:
155:
41:
4306:
4132:Peranakan Chitty
4124:
4098:Indians in Sabah
4083:Penangite Indian
4034:
3549:
3409:Sarawakian Malay
3332:
3317:
3284:
3277:
3270:
3261:
3111:
3091:
3084:
3077:
3068:
3063:
3039:
3023:
2998:
2997:
2991:
2986:
2984:
2976:
2972:
2963:
2962:
2956:
2951:
2949:
2941:
2937:
2931:
2930:
2928:
2927:
2921:
2914:
2906:
2900:
2899:
2881:
2875:
2874:
2852:
2846:
2845:
2843:
2842:
2831:
2825:
2824:
2810:
2804:
2803:
2781:
2775:
2774:
2756:
2750:
2749:
2739:
2737:10.1038/075415d0
2707:
2701:
2700:
2686:
2677:
2676:
2674:
2673:
2661:
2655:
2654:
2652:
2651:
2636:
2630:
2629:
2611:
2605:
2604:
2602:
2601:
2586:
2580:
2579:
2577:
2576:
2571:
2547:
2541:
2540:
2538:
2537:
2522:
2516:
2515:
2497:
2491:
2490:
2488:
2487:
2475:
2469:
2468:
2450:
2441:
2440:
2430:
2428:10.1038/075415d0
2398:
2392:
2391:
2375:
2369:
2368:
2360:
2354:
2353:
2346:
2340:
2339:
2337:
2336:
2322:GEOGRAFIA Online
2319:
2310:
2301:
2300:
2285:Insight (1993).
2282:
2276:
2275:
2257:
2248:
2247:
2231:
2225:
2224:
2222:
2221:
2194:
2188:
2187:
2169:
2163:
2162:
2144:
2138:
2137:
2129:
2123:
2122:
2104:
2095:
2094:
2092:
2091:
2085:
2078:
2069:
2056:
2055:
2053:
2052:
2046:
2037:
2031:
2030:
2014:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2004:
1977:
1971:
1970:
1964:
1956:
1946:
1937:
1931:
1930:
1928:
1927:
1910:
1901:
1895:
1894:
1892:
1891:
1880:
1874:
1873:
1855:
1849:
1848:
1832:
1826:
1825:
1807:
1801:
1800:
1782:
1776:
1775:
1765:
1763:10.1038/075415d0
1733:
1727:
1726:
1719:
1713:
1712:
1694:
1688:
1687:
1685:
1684:
1673:
1664:
1663:
1661:
1660:
1654:
1648:. Archived from
1637:
1626:
1615:
1614:
1612:
1611:
1605:
1598:
1589:
1562:
1561:
1559:
1558:
1546:
1540:
1539:
1537:
1536:
1524:
1518:
1517:
1515:
1514:
1498:
1492:
1491:
1489:
1488:
1473:
1467:
1466:
1464:
1463:
1448:
1442:
1441:
1439:
1438:
1426:
1415:
1414:
1412:
1411:
1396:
1387:
1386:
1384:
1383:
1368:
1362:
1356:
1350:
1349:
1331:
1325:
1324:
1316:
1310:
1309:
1307:
1306:
1292:
1286:
1285:
1267:
877:hunter-gatherers
835:in the state of
831:, as well as in
827:in the state of
821:Segamat District
778:Second World War
677:Malayic language
531:
442:
370:Segamat District
272:Settlement areas
84:
82:
81:
62:Total population
50:
43:
39:
4314:
4313:
4309:
4308:
4307:
4305:
4304:
4303:
4279:
4278:
4277:
4272:
4163:
4156:
4145:(non-Peranakan)
4144:
4134:
4122:
4066:
4054:
4032:
3981:
3969:
3966:Peranakan Turki
3926:
3802:
3695:
3554:
3544:
3542:
3530:
3413:
3369:Penangite Malay
3323:
3304:
3293:
3288:
3258:
3253:
3248:
3200:
3164:
3104:
3095:
3042:
3026:
3010:
3007:
3002:
3001:
2987:
2977:
2974:
2973:
2966:
2952:
2942:
2939:
2938:
2934:
2925:
2923:
2919:
2912:
2908:
2907:
2903:
2896:
2883:
2882:
2878:
2854:
2853:
2849:
2840:
2838:
2833:
2832:
2828:
2812:
2811:
2807:
2783:
2782:
2778:
2771:
2758:
2757:
2753:
2709:
2708:
2704:
2688:
2687:
2680:
2671:
2669:
2663:
2662:
2658:
2649:
2647:
2638:
2637:
2633:
2626:
2613:
2612:
2608:
2599:
2597:
2588:
2587:
2583:
2574:
2572:
2549:
2548:
2544:
2535:
2533:
2524:
2523:
2519:
2512:
2499:
2498:
2494:
2485:
2483:
2477:
2476:
2472:
2465:
2452:
2451:
2444:
2400:
2399:
2395:
2377:
2376:
2372:
2362:
2361:
2357:
2348:
2347:
2343:
2334:
2332:
2317:
2312:
2311:
2304:
2297:
2284:
2283:
2279:
2272:
2259:
2258:
2251:
2233:
2232:
2228:
2219:
2217:
2196:
2195:
2191:
2184:
2171:
2170:
2166:
2159:
2146:
2145:
2141:
2131:
2130:
2126:
2119:
2106:
2105:
2098:
2089:
2087:
2083:
2076:
2071:
2070:
2059:
2050:
2048:
2044:
2039:
2038:
2034:
2016:
2015:
2011:
2002:
2000:
1986:EnvironmentAsia
1979:
1978:
1974:
1957:
1944:
1939:
1938:
1934:
1925:
1923:
1908:
1903:
1902:
1898:
1889:
1887:
1882:
1881:
1877:
1870:
1857:
1856:
1852:
1834:
1833:
1829:
1822:
1809:
1808:
1804:
1797:
1784:
1783:
1779:
1735:
1734:
1730:
1721:
1720:
1716:
1709:
1696:
1695:
1691:
1682:
1680:
1675:
1674:
1667:
1658:
1656:
1652:
1646:
1635:
1628:
1627:
1618:
1609:
1607:
1603:
1596:
1591:
1590:
1565:
1556:
1554:
1548:
1547:
1543:
1534:
1532:
1526:
1525:
1521:
1512:
1510:
1500:
1499:
1495:
1486:
1484:
1475:
1474:
1470:
1461:
1459:
1450:
1449:
1445:
1436:
1434:
1428:
1427:
1418:
1409:
1407:
1398:
1397:
1390:
1381:
1379:
1370:
1369:
1365:
1357:
1353:
1346:
1333:
1332:
1328:
1318:
1317:
1313:
1304:
1302:
1294:
1293:
1289:
1282:
1269:
1268:
1259:
1254:
1249:
1193:
1117:
1069:
994:Negeri Sembilan
986:
861:
833:Rompin District
728:Malay Peninsula
704:
669:
641:
600:Negeri Sembilan
426:
290:Malay Peninsula
274:
182:Malay Peninsula
79:
77:
57:
38:
34:
31:
17:
12:
11:
5:
4312:
4310:
4302:
4301:
4296:
4291:
4281:
4280:
4274:
4273:
4271:
4270:
4265:
4260:
4255:
4250:
4245:
4240:
4234:
4229:
4224:
4219:
4214:
4209:
4204:
4199:
4189:
4184:
4174:
4168:
4166:
4158:
4157:
4155:
4154:
4148:
4146:
4143:Mixed ancestry
4140:
4139:
4136:
4135:
4130:
4128:
4121:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4090:
4085:
4080:
4074:
4072:
4060:
4059:
4056:
4055:
4053:
4052:
4047:
4044:Peranakan Cina
4040:
4038:
4031:
4030:
4025:
4020:
4015:
4010:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3989:
3987:
3975:
3974:
3971:
3970:
3968:
3967:
3964:
3961:Peranakan Siam
3958:
3956:Jawi Peranakan
3953:
3946:
3944:Peranakan Arab
3940:
3938:
3932:
3931:
3928:
3927:
3925:
3924:
3919:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3903:
3902:
3897:
3887:
3882:
3877:
3872:
3867:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3859:
3858:
3853:
3848:
3843:
3838:
3833:
3823:
3812:
3810:
3804:
3803:
3801:
3800:
3799:
3798:
3793:
3788:
3780:
3779:
3778:
3773:
3768:
3763:
3758:
3753:
3748:
3743:
3733:
3732:
3731:
3726:
3721:
3716:
3705:
3703:
3697:
3696:
3694:
3693:
3692:
3691:
3686:
3681:
3676:
3671:
3666:
3656:
3655:
3654:
3649:
3644:
3639:
3634:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3609:
3608:
3607:
3602:
3597:
3592:
3591:
3590:
3585:
3575:
3570:
3559:
3557:
3546:
3536:
3535:
3532:
3531:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3518:
3516:Burmese Malays
3513:
3508:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3496:
3486:
3481:
3476:
3471:
3461:
3460:
3459:
3449:
3444:
3439:
3434:
3429:
3423:
3421:
3415:
3414:
3412:
3411:
3406:
3401:
3399:Bruneian Malay
3396:
3391:
3386:
3381:
3379:Perlisan Malay
3376:
3374:Perakian Malay
3371:
3366:
3361:
3359:Malaccan Malay
3356:
3351:
3346:
3344:Johorean Malay
3340:
3338:
3329:
3314:
3306:
3305:
3298:
3295:
3294:
3289:
3287:
3286:
3279:
3272:
3264:
3255:
3254:
3250:
3249:
3247:
3246:
3241:
3236:
3231:
3230:
3229:
3224:
3214:
3209:
3203:
3201:
3199:
3198:
3193:
3188:
3183:
3178:
3173:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3162:
3157:
3152:
3147:
3142:
3137:
3131:
3128:
3127:
3122:
3117:
3109:
3106:
3105:
3096:
3094:
3093:
3086:
3079:
3071:
3065:
3064:
3040:
3024:
3006:
3003:
3000:
2999:
2990:|journal=
2964:
2955:|journal=
2932:
2901:
2894:
2876:
2847:
2826:
2805:
2776:
2769:
2751:
2702:
2678:
2656:
2631:
2624:
2606:
2581:
2542:
2517:
2510:
2492:
2470:
2463:
2442:
2393:
2370:
2355:
2341:
2302:
2295:
2277:
2270:
2249:
2226:
2189:
2182:
2164:
2157:
2139:
2124:
2117:
2096:
2057:
2032:
2009:
1972:
1932:
1896:
1875:
1868:
1850:
1827:
1820:
1802:
1795:
1777:
1728:
1714:
1707:
1689:
1665:
1655:on 14 Feb 2024
1644:
1616:
1606:on 27 Mar 2023
1563:
1553:. Harian Metro
1541:
1519:
1493:
1468:
1443:
1416:
1388:
1363:
1351:
1344:
1326:
1311:
1296:"Jakun people"
1287:
1280:
1256:
1255:
1253:
1250:
1248:
1245:
1201:Ulu Batu Pahat
1192:
1189:
1125:Ulu Batu Pahat
1116:
1113:
1109:Malay language
1082:jungle produce
1068:
1065:
1029:Malay language
985:
982:
964:areca nut palm
954:and rattan by
924:slash-and-burn
860:
857:
809:Pekan District
703:
700:
689:Malay language
673:Jakun language
668:
665:
640:
637:
634:
633:
628:
623:
618:
612:
611:
608:
605:
602:
596:
595:
592:
589:
586:
580:
579:
576:
573:
570:
564:
563:
560:
557:
554:
548:
547:
544:
538:
535:
524:
523:
520:
517:
514:
511:
508:
505:
502:
499:
496:
493:
490:
487:
483:
482:
479:
476:
473:
470:
467:
464:
461:
458:
455:
452:
449:
446:
425:
422:
421:
420:
410:
400:
390:
384:Pekan District
376:
363:
353:
345:Kampung Peta,
343:
333:
323:
273:
270:
154:
153:
143:
142:
138:
137:
119:
118:
114:
113:
111:Malay language
107:Jakun language
103:
102:
98:
97:
74:
73:
69:
68:
64:
63:
59:
58:
54:pick-up sticks
51:
32:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4311:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4284:
4269:
4266:
4264:
4261:
4259:
4256:
4254:
4251:
4249:
4246:
4244:
4241:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4215:
4213:
4210:
4208:
4207:East Timorese
4205:
4203:
4200:
4197:
4193:
4190:
4188:
4185:
4182:
4178:
4175:
4173:
4170:
4169:
4167:
4165:
4159:
4153:
4150:
4149:
4147:
4141:
4133:
4129:
4125:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4079:
4076:
4075:
4073:
4070:
4065:
4061:
4051:
4048:
4046:(Baba-Nyonya)
4045:
4042:
4041:
4039:
4035:
4029:
4026:
4024:
4021:
4019:
4016:
4014:
4011:
4009:
4006:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3985:
3980:
3976:
3965:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3951:
3947:
3945:
3942:
3941:
3939:
3937:
3933:
3923:
3920:
3918:
3915:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3901:
3898:
3896:
3893:
3892:
3891:
3888:
3886:
3883:
3881:
3878:
3876:
3873:
3871:
3868:
3866:
3863:
3857:
3854:
3852:
3849:
3847:
3844:
3842:
3839:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3829:
3828:
3827:
3824:
3822:
3819:
3818:
3817:
3816:Kadazan-Dusun
3814:
3813:
3811:
3809:
3805:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3783:
3781:
3777:
3774:
3772:
3769:
3767:
3764:
3762:
3759:
3757:
3754:
3752:
3749:
3747:
3744:
3742:
3739:
3738:
3737:
3734:
3730:
3727:
3725:
3722:
3720:
3717:
3715:
3712:
3711:
3710:
3707:
3706:
3704:
3702:
3698:
3690:
3687:
3685:
3682:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3670:
3667:
3665:
3662:
3661:
3660:
3657:
3653:
3650:
3648:
3645:
3643:
3640:
3638:
3635:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3613:
3610:
3606:
3603:
3601:
3598:
3596:
3593:
3589:
3588:Orang Seletar
3586:
3584:
3581:
3580:
3579:
3576:
3574:
3571:
3569:
3566:
3565:
3564:
3561:
3560:
3558:
3556:
3550:
3547:
3541:
3537:
3527:
3524:
3522:
3521:Patani Malays
3519:
3517:
3514:
3512:
3509:
3505:
3502:
3500:
3497:
3495:
3492:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3485:
3482:
3480:
3477:
3475:
3472:
3469:
3465:
3462:
3458:
3455:
3454:
3453:
3450:
3448:
3445:
3443:
3440:
3438:
3435:
3433:
3430:
3428:
3425:
3424:
3422:
3420:
3416:
3410:
3407:
3405:
3402:
3400:
3397:
3395:
3392:
3390:
3387:
3385:
3382:
3380:
3377:
3375:
3372:
3370:
3367:
3365:
3362:
3360:
3357:
3355:
3352:
3350:
3349:Kedahan Malay
3347:
3345:
3342:
3341:
3339:
3337:
3333:
3330:
3327:
3322:
3318:
3315:
3313:
3312:
3307:
3303:
3302:
3296:
3292:
3285:
3280:
3278:
3273:
3271:
3266:
3265:
3262:
3245:
3242:
3240:
3237:
3235:
3232:
3228:
3227:Orang Seletar
3225:
3223:
3220:
3219:
3218:
3215:
3213:
3210:
3208:
3205:
3204:
3202:
3197:
3194:
3192:
3189:
3187:
3184:
3182:
3179:
3177:
3174:
3172:
3169:
3168:
3166:
3161:
3158:
3156:
3153:
3151:
3148:
3146:
3143:
3141:
3138:
3136:
3133:
3132:
3130:
3129:
3126:
3123:
3121:
3118:
3116:
3113:
3112:
3107:
3103:
3099:
3092:
3087:
3085:
3080:
3078:
3073:
3072:
3069:
3062:
3058:
3054:
3050:
3046:
3041:
3038:
3034:
3030:
3025:
3022:
3018:
3014:
3009:
3008:
3004:
2995:
2982:
2971:
2969:
2965:
2960:
2947:
2936:
2933:
2922:on 2018-07-10
2918:
2911:
2905:
2902:
2897:
2895:87-907-3015-1
2891:
2887:
2880:
2877:
2872:
2868:
2864:
2860:
2859:
2851:
2848:
2836:
2830:
2827:
2822:
2818:
2817:
2809:
2806:
2801:
2797:
2793:
2789:
2788:
2780:
2777:
2772:
2770:18-543-5040-4
2766:
2762:
2755:
2752:
2747:
2743:
2738:
2733:
2729:
2725:
2722:(1948): 506.
2721:
2717:
2713:
2706:
2703:
2698:
2694:
2693:
2685:
2683:
2679:
2667:
2660:
2657:
2646:
2642:
2635:
2632:
2627:
2621:
2617:
2610:
2607:
2596:
2592:
2585:
2582:
2570:
2565:
2561:
2557:
2553:
2546:
2543:
2532:
2528:
2521:
2518:
2513:
2511:98-140-6853-5
2507:
2503:
2496:
2493:
2481:
2474:
2471:
2466:
2460:
2457:. Routledge.
2456:
2449:
2447:
2443:
2438:
2434:
2429:
2424:
2420:
2416:
2413:(1948): 237.
2412:
2408:
2404:
2397:
2394:
2389:
2385:
2381:
2374:
2371:
2366:
2359:
2356:
2351:
2345:
2342:
2331:
2327:
2323:
2316:
2309:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2296:03-956-6237-0
2292:
2288:
2281:
2278:
2273:
2271:08-522-9434-4
2267:
2263:
2256:
2254:
2250:
2245:
2241:
2237:
2230:
2227:
2216:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2200:
2193:
2190:
2185:
2179:
2175:
2168:
2165:
2160:
2154:
2150:
2143:
2140:
2135:
2128:
2125:
2120:
2118:81-723-6140-8
2114:
2110:
2103:
2101:
2097:
2086:on 2018-09-17
2082:
2075:
2068:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2058:
2043:
2036:
2033:
2028:
2024:
2020:
2013:
2010:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1976:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1954:
1950:
1943:
1936:
1933:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1907:
1900:
1897:
1885:
1879:
1876:
1871:
1865:
1861:
1854:
1851:
1846:
1842:
1838:
1831:
1828:
1823:
1817:
1814:. Routledge.
1813:
1806:
1803:
1798:
1796:18-543-5040-4
1792:
1788:
1781:
1778:
1773:
1769:
1764:
1759:
1755:
1751:
1748:(1948): 575.
1747:
1743:
1739:
1732:
1729:
1724:
1718:
1715:
1710:
1704:
1701:. Routledge.
1700:
1693:
1690:
1678:
1672:
1670:
1666:
1651:
1647:
1641:
1634:
1633:
1625:
1623:
1621:
1617:
1602:
1595:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1582:
1580:
1578:
1576:
1574:
1572:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1552:
1545:
1542:
1530:
1523:
1520:
1508:
1504:
1497:
1494:
1483:
1479:
1472:
1469:
1458:
1454:
1447:
1444:
1432:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1417:
1405:
1401:
1395:
1393:
1389:
1378:on 2017-11-15
1377:
1373:
1367:
1364:
1360:
1355:
1352:
1347:
1341:
1337:
1330:
1327:
1322:
1315:
1312:
1301:
1297:
1291:
1288:
1283:
1277:
1274:. NUS Press.
1273:
1266:
1264:
1262:
1258:
1251:
1246:
1244:
1241:
1236:
1234:
1230:
1225:
1222:
1218:
1214:
1206:
1202:
1197:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1182:
1178:
1172:
1168:
1164:
1160:
1156:
1152:
1148:
1146:
1142:
1139:. Unlike the
1138:
1130:
1126:
1121:
1114:
1112:
1110:
1104:
1101:
1097:
1093:
1089:
1085:
1083:
1073:
1066:
1064:
1062:
1056:
1054:
1050:
1046:
1042:
1037:
1035:
1030:
1026:
1022:
1017:
1013:
1010:
1007:
1002:
995:
990:
983:
981:
978:
976:
971:
967:
965:
961:
957:
953:
949:
945:
941:
937:
932:
929:
925:
920:
917:
915:
910:
908:
904:
900:
896:
895:
890:
889:
884:
883:
878:
870:
865:
858:
856:
854:
850:
844:
840:
838:
834:
830:
826:
822:
818:
814:
810:
805:
803:
798:
793:
791:
787:
781:
779:
775:
771:
766:
763:
760:
756:
752:
747:
745:
741:
737:
733:
729:
725:
717:
713:
708:
701:
699:
697:
692:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
671:Jakuns speak
666:
664:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
638:
632:
627:
622:
617:
614:
613:
601:
598:
597:
585:
582:
581:
569:
566:
565:
553:
550:
549:
545:
543:
539:
536:
533:
532:
529:
521:
518:
515:
512:
509:
506:
503:
500:
497:
494:
491:
488:
485:
484:
480:
477:
474:
471:
468:
465:
462:
459:
456:
453:
450:
447:
444:
443:
440:
437:
435:
431:
423:
419:
415:
411:
409:
405:
401:
399:
395:
391:
389:
385:
381:
377:
375:
371:
367:
364:
362:
358:
354:
352:
348:
344:
342:
338:
334:
332:
328:
324:
322:
318:
314:
313:
312:
309:
307:
302:
299:
295:
291:
283:
278:
271:
269:
267:
262:
260:
257:are southern
256:
251:
249:
245:
241:
240:Orang Seletar
237:
233:
232:Temuan people
229:
224:
222:
218:
214:
210:
206:
202:
198:
194:
189:
187:
183:
179:
175:
171:
167:
163:
160:
152:
148:
144:
139:
136:
132:
128:
124:
120:
115:
112:
108:
104:
99:
95:
91:
87:
75:
70:
67:31,577 (2010)
65:
60:
55:
49:
44:
29:
25:
22:
4258:Singaporeans
4164:/expatriates
3890:Orang Sungai
3567:
3427:Cocos Malays
3418:
3384:Pahang Malay
3335:
3309:
3299:
3206:
3052:
3048:
3028:
3012:
3005:Bibliography
2981:cite journal
2946:cite journal
2935:
2924:. Retrieved
2917:the original
2904:
2885:
2879:
2857:
2850:
2839:. Retrieved
2829:
2815:
2808:
2786:
2779:
2760:
2754:
2719:
2715:
2705:
2691:
2670:. Retrieved
2659:
2648:. Retrieved
2644:
2634:
2615:
2609:
2598:. Retrieved
2594:
2584:
2573:. Retrieved
2562:(7): 65–75.
2559:
2555:
2545:
2534:. Retrieved
2530:
2520:
2501:
2495:
2484:. Retrieved
2473:
2454:
2410:
2406:
2396:
2379:
2373:
2364:
2358:
2349:
2344:
2333:. Retrieved
2321:
2286:
2280:
2261:
2235:
2229:
2218:. Retrieved
2206:
2202:
2192:
2173:
2167:
2148:
2142:
2133:
2127:
2108:
2088:. Retrieved
2081:the original
2049:. Retrieved
2035:
2018:
2012:
2001:. Retrieved
1989:
1985:
1975:
1961:cite journal
1952:
1948:
1935:
1924:. Retrieved
1912:
1899:
1888:. Retrieved
1886:. Ethnologue
1878:
1859:
1853:
1836:
1830:
1811:
1805:
1786:
1780:
1745:
1741:
1731:
1722:
1717:
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1681:. Retrieved
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1650:the original
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1601:the original
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1507:the original
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1141:Malay people
1136:
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1090:
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912:Cage traps (
911:
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892:
886:
880:
874:
853:Khmer Empire
845:
841:
806:
801:
794:
782:
767:
764:
759:Malay people
755:Malay people
751:Malay people
748:
721:
718:, June 1874.
693:
670:
653:intermarried
642:
630:
625:
620:
615:
537:Jakun people
527:
438:
427:
310:
305:
303:
287:
264:In standard
263:
252:
227:
225:
190:
169:
165:
161:
158:
157:
151:Malay people
147:Temoq people
131:Christianity
37:Jakun people
33:Ethnic group
4187:Bangladeshi
4050:Sino-Native
3583:Orang Kuala
3573:Orang Kanaq
3563:Proto-Malay
3489:Minangkabau
3468:Bugis-Malay
3419:Anak Dagang
3222:Orang Kuala
3212:Orang Kanaq
3125:Proto-Malay
1992:: 156–159.
786:Kota Tinggi
770:Endau River
724:Proto-Malay
631:18.0 %
486:Population
434:Proto-Malay
255:Proto-Malay
248:Orang Kanaq
244:Orang Kuala
213:Proto-Malay
209:Proto-Malay
4299:Orang Asli
4283:Categories
4268:Vietnamese
4222:Indonesian
4108:Sri Lankan
3912:Sama-Bajau
3880:Lun Bawang
3756:Lun Bawang
3689:Semaq Beri
3578:Orang Laut
3553:Peninsular
3540:Orang Asal
3457:Mandailing
3311:Bumiputera
3301:Malaysians
3217:Orang Laut
3191:Semaq Beri
3098:Orang Asli
2926:2018-11-20
2841:2018-11-19
2672:2018-11-12
2650:2018-11-12
2600:2018-11-12
2575:2018-11-12
2536:2018-11-12
2486:2018-11-13
2335:2018-11-08
2220:2018-10-11
2090:2018-10-11
2051:2018-10-11
2003:2018-10-01
1926:2018-09-27
1890:2018-09-27
1683:2018-01-19
1659:2018-01-19
1610:2018-01-19
1557:2017-04-10
1535:2017-04-10
1513:2017-04-10
1487:2018-01-19
1462:2017-04-10
1437:2017-04-10
1410:2018-09-25
1382:2018-09-25
1305:2018-09-22
1252:References
1213:Orang Asli
1185:Orang Asli
1181:Orang Asli
1177:Orang Asli
1041:Orang Asli
1006:Orang Asli
952:dammar gum
849:Lake Chini
797:Orang Asli
749:The first
736:Orang Asli
639:Appearance
542:Orang Asli
430:Orang Asli
424:Population
380:Chini Lake
296:and north
236:Orang laut
217:Orang Asli
193:Orang Asli
174:Orang Asli
170:Orang Hulu
24:Orang Asal
4253:Pakistani
4152:Chindians
4127:Peranakan
4037:Peranakan
4008:Hainanese
3998:Cantonese
3963:(Sam-Sam)
3936:Peranakan
3841:Mangka'ak
3736:Orang Ulu
3674:Cheq Wong
3511:Sundanese
3479:Baweanese
3447:Banjarese
3336:Anak Jati
3171:Cheq Wong
3061:2381-7240
3037:246685387
3021:574352578
2871:906108258
2800:468504996
2388:468563551
2330:2180-2491
2244:314475794
2215:1823-884X
2027:969588228
1921:1740-6234
1845:561537314
977:roofing.
259:Mongoloid
180:) of the
166:Orang Ulu
101:Languages
28:Orang Ulu
4239:(former)
4232:Japanese
4212:Filipino
4196:Rohingya
4181:Hadhrami
4093:Malayali
4078:Gujarati
3950:Kristang
3900:Tambanuo
3846:Maragang
3669:Mah Meri
3555:Malaysia
3484:Makassar
3474:Javanese
3442:Acehnese
3181:Mah Meri
3102:Malaysia
2746:38752613
2645:The Star
2595:The Star
2437:38752613
2287:Malaysia
1772:38752613
1482:The Star
1433:. Utusan
1147:leader.
944:kemenyan
899:Blowguns
882:pelandok
746:people.
696:Asyik FM
667:Language
584:Selangor
186:Malaysia
117:Religion
86:Malaysia
4227:Iranian
4192:Burmese
4172:African
4088:Punjabi
4023:Henghua
4018:Foochow
4013:Teochew
3993:Hokkien
3979:Chinese
3875:Illanun
3856:Rumanau
3851:Minokok
3821:Kadazan
3791:Melanau
3782:Others
3746:Kelabit
3719:Bukitan
3714:Bidayuh
3701:Sarawak
3684:Jah Hut
3642:Mendriq
3595:Semelai
3526:Siamese
3494:Kerinci
3404:Kedayan
3234:Semelai
3176:Jah Hut
3160:Mendriq
2724:Bibcode
2415:Bibcode
2203:E-Bangi
1884:"Jakun"
1750:Bibcode
1531:. Star2
1207:, 1906.
1131:, 1906.
1115:Society
996:, 1906.
984:Beliefs
960:gambier
940:Chinese
907:blowgun
869:blowgun
702:History
679:of the
522:31,577
519:27,448
516:27,448
513:21,484
510:16,637
507:16,637
504:17,066
394:Kuantan
357:Mersing
197:Negrito
21:Sarawak
4248:Nepali
4243:Korean
4237:Jewish
4217:Indian
4118:Telugu
4064:Indian
3922:Tidong
3907:Rungus
3895:Dumpas
3870:Ida'an
3865:Bisaya
3831:Kwijau
3796:Miriek
3786:Bisaya
3771:Sa'ban
3751:Kenyah
3729:Selako
3679:Temiar
3647:Mintil
3637:Kintaq
3632:Kensiu
3612:Semang
3605:Temuan
3543:(Other
3244:Temuan
3196:Temiar
3150:Kintaq
3145:Kensiu
3115:Semang
3059:
3035:
3019:
2892:
2869:
2798:
2767:
2744:
2716:Nature
2622:
2508:
2461:
2435:
2407:Nature
2386:
2328:
2293:
2268:
2242:
2213:
2180:
2155:
2115:
2025:
1919:
1866:
1843:
1818:
1793:
1770:
1742:Nature
1705:
1642:
1342:
1278:
1233:Pandan
1053:Pahang
956:barter
948:gaharu
903:sampit
894:kijang
888:kancil
867:Jakun
837:Pahang
813:Pahang
740:Semang
732:Yunnan
645:Semang
626:92,529
621:16,637
591:10,472
578:45.4%
562:38.9%
559:33,741
556:13,113
552:Pahang
540:Total
501:9,605
498:8,719
495:8,995
492:7,331
489:6,786
418:Pahang
414:Rompin
408:Pahang
404:Rompin
398:Pahang
388:Pahang
294:Pahang
246:) and
201:Semang
162:people
94:Pahang
83:
26:, see
4113:Tamil
4003:Hakka
3917:Suluk
3885:Murut
3836:Lotud
3826:Dusun
3808:Sabah
3766:Punan
3761:Penan
3741:Kayan
3709:Dayak
3664:Semai
3659:Senoi
3627:Jahai
3622:Lanoh
3617:Batek
3600:Temoq
3568:Jakun
3464:Bugis
3452:Batak
3437:Chams
3321:Malay
3239:Temoq
3207:Jakun
3186:Semai
3155:Lanoh
3140:Jahai
3135:Batek
3120:Senoi
2920:(PDF)
2913:(PDF)
2742:S2CID
2433:S2CID
2318:(PDF)
2084:(PDF)
2077:(PDF)
2045:(PDF)
1945:(PDF)
1909:(PDF)
1768:S2CID
1653:(PDF)
1636:(PDF)
1604:(PDF)
1597:(PDF)
1247:Notes
1205:Johor
1145:Batin
1137:Batin
1129:Johor
1061:Islam
1049:Johor
1045:Islam
1025:bomoh
975:Nipah
936:Malay
829:Johor
817:Endau
790:Johor
774:Johor
744:Senoi
716:Perak
685:Malay
657:Islam
649:Sakai
616:Total
610:0.2%
607:6,188
594:1.5%
575:7,379
572:3,353
568:Johor
534:State
481:2010
478:2004
475:2003
472:2000
469:1996
466:1993
463:1991
460:1980
457:1974
454:1969
451:1965
448:1960
445:Year
374:Johor
366:Bekok
361:Johor
351:Johor
341:Johor
331:Johor
321:Johor
298:Johor
266:Malay
228:Jakun
221:Semai
205:Senoi
159:Jakun
135:Islam
90:Johor
4263:Thai
4177:Arab
4069:list
3984:list
3776:Ukit
3724:Iban
3504:Rawa
3326:list
3057:ISSN
3033:OCLC
3017:OCLC
2994:help
2959:help
2890:ISBN
2867:OCLC
2796:OCLC
2765:ISBN
2620:ISBN
2506:ISBN
2459:ISBN
2384:OCLC
2365:Folk
2326:ISSN
2291:ISBN
2266:ISBN
2240:OCLC
2211:ISSN
2178:ISBN
2153:ISBN
2113:ISBN
2023:OCLC
1967:link
1917:ISSN
1864:ISBN
1841:OCLC
1816:ISBN
1791:ISBN
1703:ISBN
1640:ISBN
1340:ISBN
1276:ISBN
1211:The
1034:bomo
1021:bomo
962:and
938:and
914:bubu
891:and
823:and
742:and
675:, a
647:and
92:and
3652:Mos
3499:Ocu
3100:of
2821:132
2732:doi
2697:133
2564:doi
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1994:doi
1758:doi
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