359:. The town was jointly controlled by PMF and Peshmerga until October 2017 when the Peshmerga withdrew from the area. When Jalawla was captured from ISIS, a portion of the Kurdish population returned after encouragement from the federal government, while Peshmerga stated that no member of the Arab Kerwi tribe would be allowed back after having supported ISIS. Nonetheless, the tribe returned after Peshmerga withdrew in October 2017. Moreover, the Arab animosity towards Kurds have made it possible for
53:
119:
60:
298:
of the town. Of the 28,822 people enumerated in the 1977 census, 77% were Arab, 19.8% were
Kurdish and Turkmens constituted 2.5% of the population. In the 1987 census, the Arab population increased to 85.2%, while the Kurdish population decreased to 12.9% and the Turkmen to 1.7%. In the 1997 census,
326:
to settle in
Jalawla which increased the Arab population further. Moreover, many Kurds returned to the town but left again due to the lack of security. Concurrently, the Arab al-Shuraifi tribe, which had settled in the area in the 1970s, was expelled from both Jalawla and
443:
606:
683:
575:
283:
355:
after having seized the town from
Peshmerga in August 2014. On 23 November 2014, the PMF and Peshmerga jointly recaptured the city, under the command of Iranian General
619:
1021:
831:
286:
in the 1960s, the town had a
Kurdish majority. In the 1970s, Iraq deported a large portion of the Kurdish population of the town after having
128:
1031:
1026:
344:
972:
81:
803:
367:
and the local Sunni Arab leadership, many locals mainly support them due to fear and the exploitation of the right to return for Arabs.
762:
787:
927:
857:
352:
311:
52:
444:"مكتب حقوق الإنسان في يونامي يزور جلولاء في ديالى للوقوف مباشرة على حجم الدمار والجهود المبذولة من أجل المصالحة الدائمة"
364:
348:
363:
to recruit a number of local Arabs into its ranks and marginalize the
Kurdish population. However, according to the
469:
724:
307:
949:
614:
911:"Losing Mosul, Regenerating in Diyala: How the Islamic State Could Exploit Iraq's Sectarian Tinderbox"
755:
The Making Of Iran's
Islamic Revolution: From Monarchy To Islamic Republic, Second Edition 2nd Edition
360:
136:
808:
207:
141:
783:
758:
735:
242:
153:
148:
282:
in 1958. Prior to the decree, Jalawla was part of
Saadiya District. Before the launch of the
495:
393:
356:
351:
and nearby towns. From August to
November 2014 the city was mostly under the control of the
319:
287:
267:
186:
995:"Iraq's disputed internal boundaries after ISIS: heterogeneous actors vying for influence"
944:
278:
Jalawla has been the center town of
Jalawla District since its creation with a Republican
259:
178:
663:"Lack of services, security hinder return of Diyala IDPs six years after ISIS liberation"
662:
910:
347:
entered the town in 2014, while more than 85% of the former
Kurdish population lived in
526:
332:
315:
1015:
397:
385:
263:
231:
994:
918:
883:
215:
386:"The Kirkuk Problem and Article 140 of the Iraqi Constitution: The Kirkuk Problem"
299:
the Arab population stood at 83.7%, the Kurdish at 14.3% and the Turkmen at 1.9%.
419:"Iraq: Security situation and internally displaced people in Diyala, April 2015"
295:
266:
crossed the town. The Sasanians ultimately lost control over the town after the
238:
548:
418:
739:
96:
83:
858:"Quds Force Chief Suleimani Reportedly Helped Peshmerga Defeat IS In Diyala"
521:
303:
328:
323:
314:
are known to have supported the 1991 Kurdish uprising. After the fall of
576:"In Disputed Iraqi Territory, Rebuilding A City Means Doing It Yourself"
219:
884:"Iraqi forces, Shiite militia control series of Peshmerga-held areas"
711:
Administrative Changes in Kirkuk and Disputed Areas in Iraq 1968-2003
646:
Administrative Changes in Kirkuk and Disputed Areas in Iraq 1968-2003
279:
291:
227:
223:
804:"Claims in Conflict: Reversing Ethnic Cleansing in Northern Iraq"
343:
According to some estimates, 80% of the population was Arab when
211:
124:
684:"Reviving UN Mediation on Iraq's Disputed Internal Boundaries"
496:"Celewla- DAIŞê êrîşî artêşa Iraqê kir, kuştî û birîndar hene"
245:. The town had a Kurdish majority prior to the Arabization.
197:
294:
were encouraged to settle instead, to intensify the
164:
159:
147:
135:
112:
26:
470:"داعش هێرشی کردە سەر گوڵاڵە، ١٢ قوربانی لێکەوتەوە"
306:) captured the town on 12 March 1991 during the
284:Ba'athist Arabization campaigns in northern Iraq
8:
331:after direct order from Kurdish politician
832:"ISIS drives Kurds out of Jalawla in Iraq"
23:
993:Skelton, Mac; Saleem, Zmkan Ali (2019).
757:. Routledge; 2nd edition. p. 187.
376:
158:
111:
76:
45:
933:from the original on October 22, 2020.
909:Knights, Michael; Mello, Alex (2016).
218:, 8 kilometres (5.0 mi) north of
678:
676:
657:
655:
163:
146:
134:
129:Disputed territories of Northern Iraq
7:
780:Radical Islam: The Iranian Mojahedin
734:(in Kurdish): 14. 14–20 March 2016.
601:
599:
597:
570:
568:
566:
515:
513:
1022:Populated places in Diyala Province
190:
182:
618:. 2016. p. 13. Archived from
14:
725:"Azar a ku di Adarê de bidawî bû"
398:10.1111/j.1949-3606.2010.00002.x
117:
58:
51:
353:Islamic State of Iraq and Syria
59:
498:(in Kurdish). 24 November 2019
258:Jalawla was the center of the
1:
450:(in Arabic). 15 November 2018
390:Digest of Middle East Studies
384:Hanish, Shak (1 March 2010).
782:. I.B. Tauris. p. 208.
365:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
1032:Turkmen communities in Iraq
1027:Kurdish settlements in Iraq
973:"Iraq - Security situation"
778:Abrahamian, Ervand (1989).
607:"Banished and dispossessed"
322:pressured Arab settlers in
270:in 637 to Muslim invaders.
262:Šāḏ Qobāḏ Province and the
237:It experienced significant
222:. The town is populated by
198:
1048:
688:International Crisis Group
312:People's Mujahedin of Iran
77:
46:
39:
753:Milani, Mohsen (1994).
214:. It is located on the
448:United Nations in Iraq
339:ISIS and the aftermath
950:Department of Justice
615:Amnesty International
520:Klier, Klaus (2008).
97:34.27194°N 45.16806°E
21:Town in Diyala, Iraq
93: /
1002:Middle East Centre
926:(10 ed.): 6.
864:. 25 November 2014
809:Human Rights Watch
690:. 14 December 2008
625:on 16 October 2017
208:Diyala Governorate
165: • Total
102:34.27194; 45.16806
890:. 17 October 2017
709:Ihsan, Mohammad,
669:. 23 August 2018.
644:Ihsan, Mohammad,
582:. 11 January 2017
361:Asa'ib Ahl al-Haq
196:
172:
171:
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1006:
1005:
999:
990:
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843:
838:. 11 August 2014
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729:
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713:, pp. 46–49
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357:Qassem Soleimani
320:Kurdistan Region
302:Kurdish rebels (
268:Battle of Jalula
201:
195:romanized:
194:
192:
184:
123:
121:
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108:
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55:
24:
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987:
975:
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954:
945:"Northern Iraq"
943:
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930:
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891:
882:
881:
877:
867:
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841:
839:
830:
829:
825:
815:
813:
812:. 2 August 2004
802:
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797:
790:
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772:
765:
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727:
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609:
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421:
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383:
382:
378:
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341:
276:
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206:) is a town in
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63:
42:
35:
32:
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22:
17:
12:
11:
5:
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1043:
1035:
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1007:
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836:The Daily Star
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795:
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770:
764:978-0813384764
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745:
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651:
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593:
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549:"Jalula's Map"
540:
527:Iranica Online
509:
487:
461:
435:
410:
375:
374:
372:
369:
340:
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333:Jalal Talabani
316:Saddam Hussein
275:
274:Modern history
272:
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252:
250:
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202:also known as
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114:
110:
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989:
986:
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833:
827:
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789:1-85043-077-2
785:
781:
774:
771:
766:
760:
756:
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737:
733:
726:
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712:
705:
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689:
685:
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668:
664:
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581:
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309:
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297:
293:
289:
288:denaturalized
285:
281:
273:
271:
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264:Khurasan Road
261:
254:Early history
253:
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115:
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78:Coordinates:
54:
38:
25:
19:
1001:
988:
979:
967:
955:. Retrieved
953:. p. 73
948:
939:
923:
919:CTC Sentinel
917:
904:
892:. Retrieved
887:
878:
866:. Retrieved
861:
852:
840:. Retrieved
835:
826:
814:. Retrieved
807:
798:
779:
773:
754:
748:
731:
719:
710:
704:
692:. Retrieved
687:
666:
648:, p. 44
645:
639:
627:. Retrieved
620:the original
613:
584:. Retrieved
579:
553:. Retrieved
551:. Map Landia
543:
531:. Retrieved
525:
500:. Retrieved
490:
478:. Retrieved
476:(in Kurdish)
473:
464:
452:. Retrieved
447:
438:
426:. Retrieved
413:
401:. Retrieved
389:
379:
342:
301:
277:
257:
236:
216:Diyala River
203:
174:
173:
18:
16:Town in Iraq
982:: 94. 2019.
894:21 November
502:19 December
480:19 December
424:. p. 8
403:15 November
296:Arabization
241:during the
239:Arabization
137:Governorate
100: /
1016:Categories
957:20 October
868:20 October
842:20 October
816:20 October
694:20 October
629:20 October
586:20 October
533:20 October
454:20 October
428:20 October
371:References
243:Saddam era
160:Population
85:34°16′19″N
740:2148-5305
555:26 August
392:: 15–25.
349:IDP camps
318:in 2003,
308:uprisings
304:Peshmerga
88:45°10′5″E
928:Archived
522:"Jalula"
474:ROJ News
329:Khanaqin
324:Khanaqin
290:them as
260:Sasanian
232:Turkmens
154:Khanaqin
149:District
1004:: 14–5.
732:BasNûçe
249:History
220:Sadiyah
187:Kurdish
175:Jalawla
113:Country
66:Jalawla
28:Jalawla
786:
761:
738:
310:. The
280:decree
204:Jalula
199:Gulale
191:گوڵاڵە
183:جلولاء
179:Arabic
168:30,000
142:Diyala
122:
34:Gulale
31:گوڵاڵە
998:(PDF)
976:(PDF)
931:(PDF)
914:(PDF)
888:Rûdaw
862:RFERL
728:(PDF)
667:Rûdaw
623:(PDF)
610:(PDF)
422:(PDF)
292:Arabs
228:Kurds
224:Arabs
980:EASO
959:2020
896:2019
870:2020
844:2020
818:2020
784:ISBN
759:ISBN
736:ISSN
696:2020
631:2020
588:2020
557:2014
535:2020
504:2019
482:2019
456:2020
430:2020
405:2019
345:ISIS
230:and
212:Iraq
125:Iraq
41:Town
580:NPR
394:doi
1018::
1000:.
978:.
947:.
922:.
916:.
886:.
860:.
834:.
806:.
730:.
686:.
675:^
665:.
654:^
612:.
596:^
578:.
565:^
524:.
512:^
472:.
446:.
388:.
335:.
234:.
226:,
210:,
193:,
189::
185:,
181::
961:.
924:9
898:.
872:.
846:.
820:.
792:.
767:.
742:.
698:.
633:.
590:.
559:.
537:.
506:.
484:.
458:.
432:.
407:.
396::
177:(
131:)
127:(
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
