1349:
1372:
aspirations for independence. After the
Islamic State offensive of August 2014, multiple governments armed the Peshmerga with some light equipment such as light arms, night goggles, and ammunition. However, Kurdish officials and Peshmerga stressed that they were not receiving enough. They also stress that Baghdad was blocking all arms from reaching the KRG, emphasizing the need for weapons to be sent directly to the KRG and not through Baghdad. Despite this, the United States has maintained that the government of Iraq is responsible for the security of Iraqi Kurdistan and that Baghdad must approve all military aid.
1032:
1261:
232:
280:
256:
590:
316:
602:
556:
460:
1364:, in which Peshmerga forces were active. Following the retreat of the new Iraqi Army during the June 2014 Islamic State offensive, Peshmerga forces reportedly again managed to get hold of weapons left behind by the Army. Since August 2014, Peshmerga forces have also captured weapons from the Islamic State. In 2015, for the first time, Peshmerga soldiers received urban warfare and military intelligence training from foreign trainers, the
568:
1286:
7416:
6311:
472:
2984:
42:
532:
520:
268:
496:
400:
352:
340:
328:
292:
244:
220:
2958:
484:
436:
388:
304:
376:
424:
194:
544:
508:
364:
448:
412:
6220:
2868:
The
Peshmerga forces are plagued by frequent allegations of corruption, partisanship, nepotism, and fraud. A common result of corruption in the Peshmerga are "ghost employees" which are employees on paper who either do not exist or do not show up for work but receive a salary. Those setting up such a
1328:
Due to limited funding and the vast size of the
Peshmerga forces, the KRG has long planned to downsize its forces from large numbers of low-quality forces to a smaller but much more effective and well-trained force. Consequently, in 2009, the KRG and Baghdad engaged in discussions about incorporating
983:
between the two major parties, the KDP and the PUK, and
Peshmerga forces were used to fight each other. The civil war officially ended in September 1998 when Barzani and Talabani signed the Washington Agreement establishing a formal peace treaty. In the agreement, the parties agreed to share revenue
1076:
nations pressured the PUK and KDP to set up mixed brigades of
Peshmerga as a condition for aid and funding. The PUK and KDP united 12 to 14 brigades under the Regional Guard Brigades, which were then placed under the command of the Ministry of Peshmerga Affairs. However, officers continue to report
1333:
divisions. However, after increasing tension between Erbil and
Baghdad regarding the disputed areas, the transfer was largely put on hold. Some Peshmerga were already transferred but reportedly deserted again, and there are allegations that former Peshmerga forces remained loyal to the KRG rather
1063:
As a result of the split nature of the
Peshmerga forces, there is no central command center in charge of the entire force, and Peshmerga units instead follow separate military hierarchies depending on political allegiance. Multiple unification and depoliticizing efforts of the Peshmerga have been
988:(PKK), and not allow Iraqi troops into the Kurdish regions. By then, around 5,000 had been killed on both sides, and many more had been evicted for being on the wrong side. In the years after, tension remained high, but both parties moved towards each other, and in 2003 they both took part in the
1379:
where the
Peshmerga found itself lacking ambulances and frontline field hospitals, forcing wounded fighters to walk back to safety. There is also a lack of communication tools, as Peshmerga commanders are forced to use civilian cellphones to communicate with each other. Under the guidance of the
1371:
The
Peshmerga arsenal is limited and confined by restrictions because the Kurdish Region has to purchase arms through the Iraqi government. Due to disputes between the KRG and the Iraqi government, arms flows from Baghdad to Kurdistan Region have been almost nonexistent, as Baghdad fears Kurdish
1043:
also have their own small
Peshmerga units. The KDP and PUK do not disclose information about the composition of their forces with government or media. Thus there is no reliable number of how many Peshmerga fighters exist. Media outlets have speculated that there are between 150,000 and 200,000
2872:
In addition the KDP and PUK have used the Peshmerga to exert or attempt to exert a monopoly on the use of force within their zones. In 2011 KDP Peshmerga fired on anti-government protesters in Sulaymaniyah, and the PUK later used its own security forces to break up these protests, leading to
1064:
made since 1992. But so far all deadlines have been missed, reforms have been watered down, and most of the Peshmerga are still under the influence of the KDP and the PUK, who also maintain their separate Peshmerga forces. Following the events of the
2972:. In the KDP, these Peshmerga women have been refused access to the frontline and are mostly used in logistics and management positions, but PUK Peshmerga women are deployed in the front lines and are actively engaged in combat.
845:. Though unifying and integrating the Peshmerga has been on the Kurdistan Region's public agenda since 1992, the individual forces remain divided due to factionalism, which has proved to be a major stumbling block.
2922:
the majority of women served within the Peshmerga in supporting roles such as building camps, taking care of the wounded, and carrying munitions and messages. Several women brigades served on the front lines.
5318:
1000:
7988:
1334:
than their Iraqi chain of command; regardless, thousands of members of the 80 Unit of KDP and the 70 Unit of PUK are based in Baghdad, and they have good cooperation with other Iraqi forces in Baghdad.
1039:
The Peshmerga are mostly divided among forces loyal to the Kurdistan Democratic Party (KDP) and those loyal to the Patriotic Union of Kurdistan (PUK), while other, minor Kurdish parties such as the
6008:
914:
The Kurdish warrior tradition of rebellion has existed for thousands of years along with aspirations for independence, and early Kurdish warriors fought against the various Persian empires, the
975:
took his position. As tension increased between KDP and PUK, most Peshmerga fought to keep a region under their own party's control while also fighting off Iraqi Army incursions. Following the
4853:
1381:
1365:
749:
3630:
868:. Ghul was turned over to American intelligence officers shortly afterwards, and revealed the identity of several key al-Qaeda figures during his interrogation, which eventually led to the
3111:
2997:
5175:
4537:
7998:
7734:
7567:
6462:
6882:
7993:
968:. This event created the baseline for the political discontent between the KDP and PUK that to this day divides Peshmerga forces and much of Kurdish society in Kurdistan.
7373:
6268:
7560:
7555:
6629:
6455:
6450:
999:
6822:
4093:
7572:
6467:
6112:
4167:
3389:
5999:
4292:
3302:
6833:
6724:
3553:
5472:
3709:
818:(the gendarmerie). The Peshmerga's history dates back to the 18th century, when they began as a strictly tribal pseudo-military border guard under the
3839:
1348:
5501:
666:
7727:
7242:
3811:
3783:
3250:
1302:
1290:
6866:
5034:
3634:
7870:
7678:
7340:
6573:
3526:
3178:
3060:
1310:
1077:
to and take orders from their party leaders who also control the deployment of forces loyal to them and appoint front-line and sector commanders.
3224:
3866:
6827:
5811:
4921:
4428:
837:. In practice, however, the Peshmerga's structure is largely divided and controlled separately by the two Iraqi Kurdish political parties: the
701:
796:, the Peshmerga and their security subsidiaries are solely responsible for the security of Kurdistan Region, chiefly due to the fact that the
8008:
7474:
7230:
7164:
6700:
6369:
6166:
5933:
5888:
5861:
5446:
4369:
6069:
7878:
7550:
7366:
7144:
6915:
6745:
6445:
6261:
2132:
1040:
5553:
4545:
7978:
7720:
7277:
7206:
7051:
6887:
6622:
4882:
4670:
2494:
2472:
1836:
1376:
3605:
8013:
7760:
7543:
7538:
7224:
7057:
7045:
6967:
6438:
6433:
5227:
3693:
3478:
2939:. Women were given a 45-day basic training that included parade drills and basic marksmanship with various rifles, mortars, and RPGs.
1385:
5149:
671:
7855:
7266:
7062:
6706:
6690:
4984:
4950:
4482:
4255:
7404:
6299:
4065:
3328:
734:
729:
4429:"Getting Peshmerga Reform Right: Helping the Iraqi Kurds to Help Themselves in Post-ISIS Iraq - Foreign Policy Research Institute"
1044:
Peshmerga, but this number is highly disputed. Peshmerga have divided Kurdistan Region into a KDP-governed "yellow" zone covering
7983:
7820:
7254:
7218:
4602:
Helfont, Samuel (March 1, 2017). "Getting Peshmerga Reform Right: Helping the Iraqi Kurds to Help Themselves in Post-ISIS Iraq".
2771:
2543:
5275:
2897:
1065:
1060:. Each zone has its own branch of Peshmerga with their own governing institutions that do not coordinate with the other branch.
744:
139:
7612:
7600:
7506:
7359:
6507:
6495:
6401:
6254:
5949:
5762:
5122:
3415:
7605:
6500:
5581:
2873:
criticism from all of the opposition parties in the parliament. In 2014 the KDP used its Peshmerga to stop ministers from the
7001:
6844:
6801:
6615:
6796:
6784:
4721:
1265:
3436:
1212:
7922:
7533:
6910:
6638:
6428:
4820:
4510:
4332:
3816:
3152:
834:
691:
124:
5502:"Kurdish Forces with Chinese QLZ87 Automatic Grenade Launcher & M99 Anti-materiel Rifle – Small Arms Defense Journal"
3980:
3752:
1356:
Peshmerga forces largely rely on old arms captured from battles. The Peshmerga captured stockpiles of weapons during the
957:
651:
7830:
7770:
7523:
7152:
7133:
7006:
6927:
6871:
6418:
4866:
1133:
965:
842:
117:
6224:
4009:
2932:
739:
646:
7815:
7588:
7200:
7188:
6483:
5075:
4361:
3015:
2451:
1637:
1016:
7399:
7236:
7092:
7012:
6921:
6294:
4103:
2919:
985:
6088:
5396:
5249:
8003:
7810:
7212:
7194:
7103:
6876:
6861:
6855:
6096:
1758:
953:
869:
838:
830:
805:
5735:
5707:
5343:
888:
The word "Peshmerga" can be translated to "to stand in front of death", and Valentine states it was first used by
7942:
7260:
7040:
6718:
6661:
5060:
4245:
4041:
3002:
2961:
1586:
877:
5176:"Kurdish forces captured an ISIS base after a two-day siege – but the ISIS fighters inside somehow slipped away"
3303:"Czech Rifles and Ammunition for the Peshmerga. Prague Supporting the Fight Against Daesh Again – Defence24.com"
7696:
7466:
7176:
7170:
7158:
7034:
6591:
6361:
4300:
3086:
2536:
2514:
2396:
1882:
1804:
1053:
909:
3357:
3713:
7888:
7248:
7115:
6933:
6899:
6893:
6849:
6790:
6712:
2947:
2936:
1773:
933:
became the official army of the republic. After the fall of the republic and the execution of head of state
719:
696:
631:
3656:
3276:
3203:
7790:
7127:
6234:
2924:
2896:
communities, particularly after taking control of areas officially outside of Kurdistan Region during the
1357:
1031:
7850:
7840:
7800:
7780:
7775:
7765:
2969:
2943:
1436:
989:
849:
714:
7109:
6184:
Peshmerga: Those Who Face Death: The Kurdish Army, its History, Development, and the Fight against ISIS
3735:
3530:
7528:
7310:
6750:
6423:
3874:
2188:
2175:
1856:
1441:
793:
686:
636:
181:
6116:
7860:
7845:
7835:
7805:
7795:
7450:
7325:
7305:
6839:
6345:
5527:
4749:
4625:
2560:
1610:
1375:
The Peshmerga lack a proper medical corps and communication units. This became apparent during the
1057:
926:
893:
641:
2954:
facility. The PUK later confirmed that female Kurdish fighters had participated in the operation.
7973:
7825:
7785:
7320:
7315:
5812:"Marked With An "X" | Iraqi Kurdish Forces' Destruction of Villages, Homes in Conflict with ISIS"
4410:
4327:
3870:
1160:
1081:
810:
797:
6202:
1384:
the Peshmerga has started to standardize its weapons systems, replacing Soviet-era weapons with
976:
925:
Historically the Peshmerga existed only as guerrilla organizations, but under the self-declared
661:
4036:
964:, a leading member of the KDP, left the same year to revitalize the resistance and founded the
7643:
7458:
7442:
7098:
6806:
6538:
6353:
6337:
6198:
6162:
6136:
5929:
5884:
5878:
5857:
4980:
4974:
4946:
4940:
4504:
4487:
4402:
4365:
4251:
3689:
3474:
3006:
2703:
1717:
1694:
1569:
1510:
1220:
1049:
1045:
980:
129:
5851:
5300:
826:. By the 19th century, they had evolved into a disciplined and well-trained guerrilla force.
7701:
7500:
7488:
7415:
7330:
7182:
6596:
6395:
6383:
6310:
6128:
5790:
4394:
4192:
3579:
2989:
2951:
2881:
2252:
1736:
1361:
1128:
897:
865:
785:
765:
94:
47:
1360:. Several stockpiles of weapons were captured from the old Iraqi Army during the 2003 U.S.
1352:
Peshmerga soldiers stand in formation during the Modern Brigade Course graduation ceremony.
7937:
7914:
7883:
7752:
7626:
7425:
7391:
7382:
7018:
6521:
6320:
6286:
6277:
6238:
3788:
3040:
3011:
2928:
2893:
2874:
2610:
1338:
949:
930:
801:
4896:
2914:
Women have played a significant role in the Peshmerga since its foundation. The Kurdish
7648:
6905:
6543:
2950:
which dealt a huge blow to Islamic terrorist groups in Iraqi Kurdistan and uncovered a
1824:
1629:
1008:
972:
961:
919:
915:
857:
819:
676:
656:
595:
561:
321:
4854:"Haider Shesho: Ezidkhan Units take orders from President Barzani, Peshmerga Ministry"
4523:
937:, Peshmerga forces reemerged as guerrilla organizations that would go on to fight the
7967:
6972:
6729:
6695:
5922:
5791:"PUK official warns Peshmerga will not take orders from anyone else: Iraqi Kurdistan"
5712:
4144:
2909:
2735:
2718:
2153:
2076:
1912:
1894:
1731:
1615:
1591:
1502:
1465:
1329:
parts of the Peshmerga forces into the Iraqi Army in what would be the 15th and 16th
1273:
1069:
1012:
934:
889:
853:
573:
5953:
4648:"Over 150,000 enlisted as Peshmerga troops in Kurdistan Region, official data shows"
3784:"Destination Kurdistan: Is This Autonomous Iraqi Region a Budding Tourist Hot Spot?"
3497:
5907:
5833:
5585:
4798:
4777:
4621:
4014:
3844:
2931:
guerilla fighter who was given a leading position in important battles such as the
2522:
2403:
2350:
2327:
2170:
1930:
1753:
1741:
1564:
1460:
823:
607:
159:
85:
6132:
5020:
4647:
3657:"Sweden will continue support for Peshmerga forces in Kurdistan: Defense Minister"
2968:
The modern Peshmerga is almost entirely made up of men, while having at least 600
1470:
6156:
5397:"As The Kurds Mobilize In Iraq, Here's A Look At What They Have In Their Arsenal"
4729:
996:. Unlike other militia forces, the Peshmerga were never prohibited by Iraqi law.
7638:
6533:
3930:
3444:
2957:
2828:
2115:
1706:
1600:
1578:
1426:
861:
477:
465:
61:
41:
7712:
6055:
5200:
5100:
4830:
4622:"Kaka Hama, head of Kurdish Socialist Party joins Mosul battle plan with force"
1088:
brigades. The following units have been identified within the Peshmerga force:
7744:
6030:
3981:"Kurdistan's Political Armies: The Challenge of Unifying the Peshmerga Forces"
3760:
2979:
2915:
2821:
2588:
2568:
2204:
1971:
1538:
1520:
1330:
6140:
4406:
3867:"Iraqi PM criticizes Kurdish region for barring army from Syrian border area"
1084:
in times of conflict to increase their ranks. However, both maintain several
7932:
7437:
7295:
6332:
5021:"Peshmerga, Iraqi Army form committees to start joint ops in disputed areas"
2884:
the Peshmerga has been criticized for using force to exert control of local
2657:
2480:
2293:
237:
7351:
7271:
6246:
5976:
1556:
6219:
4883:
With the Islamic State gone from Sinjar, Kurdish groups battle for control
4456:
4139:
3554:"Kurdish forces vow no retreat until Nineveh plains are retaken from Isis"
3437:"Assistant Head of DFR and Indian Ambassador discuss areas of cooperation"
3251:"България е изпратила на кюрдите в Ирак автомати и патрони за 6 млн. лева"
7683:
7673:
6578:
6568:
4825:
4457:"Never-ending mystery: what really happened to Kurdish civil war missing"
4445:
S. R. Valentine, Peshmerga: Those Who Face Death, KDP, 2018, chapter six.
4070:
2778:
2753:
2436:
2236:
1085:
1011:
which was said by the locals as being a contributing factor of the quick
993:
873:
815:
724:
681:
537:
525:
273:
6607:
5344:"Iraqi Kurds say West not providing enough arms to defeat Islamic State"
6952:
6646:
5076:"Iraqi Kurds, Yazidis fight Islamic State for strategic town of Sinjar"
4414:
4098:
2257:
2220:
2055:
1431:
1342:
1020:
501:
405:
381:
357:
345:
333:
297:
261:
249:
225:
4386:
3112:"Iraq supplies Kurds with ammunition in unprecedented move, U.S. says"
7335:
7077:
6938:
5473:"U.S. quietly starts channeling arms from $ 1.6 billion fund to Iraq"
5276:"UK prepares to supply arms directly to Kurdish forces fighting Isis"
4897:"Haider Shesho resigns from PUK, to form new Yazidi Democratic Party"
4538:"How the U.S.-Favored Kurds Abandoned the Yazidis when ISIS Attacked"
2889:
2332:
2275:
2081:
1955:
1935:
1841:
1073:
549:
513:
489:
441:
393:
369:
309:
285:
5763:""Iraqoncilable" Differences? The Political Nature of the Peshmerga"
4398:
3896:
7927:
7300:
7121:
6986:
4922:"Confidence- and Security-Building Measures in the Nineveh Plains"
3932:
Willing to Face Death: A History of Kurdish Military Forces – the
3812:"Rare terrorist attack in peaceful Kurdish region of Iraq kills 6"
3753:"Summary of the most important tasks of the Ministry of Peshmerga"
2956:
2311:
2099:
1950:
1816:
1796:
1649:
1605:
1455:
1347:
1030:
998:
453:
417:
90:
55:
6764:
6675:
5966:
Chalk, Peter, Encyclopedia of Terrorism Volume 1, 2012, ABC-CLIO
5447:"State OKs Humvees, howitzers for Iraqi peshmerga in ISIS fight"
4799:"Peshmerga Ministry reforms launched to reunify PUK, KDP forces"
3277:"Cyprus could send more light arms, ammunition to Kurdistan: FM"
3179:"Australian-supplied weapons have reached the Kurdish frontline"
3153:"The Status of Western Military Aid to Kurdish Peshmerga Forces"
3035:
2885:
2637:
2617:
2593:
2428:
2288:
36 Humvees and 77 up-armored Humvees supplied by the US in 2017
2039:
2020:
1874:
1686:
942:
938:
789:
429:
199:
7716:
7355:
6611:
6250:
6231:
5319:"Iraq's Kurds appeal for new U.S. arms to combat Islamic State"
5301:"Seven western states join US to arm Iraqi Kurdistan: Pentagon"
4094:"Cloak and Drone: The Strange Saga of an Al Qaeda Triple Agent"
3979:
van Wilgenburg, Wladimir; Fumerton, Mario (December 16, 2015).
1035:
Peshmerga special unit near the Syrian border on June 23, 2014.
5373:
5371:
5369:
5367:
5365:
5228:"Iraq's Peshmerga desperate for US arms in fight against ISIS"
5123:"Iraqi Defense Ministry Asks KRG To Return Saddam-Era Weapons"
4722:"Lebanonwire.com – Kurdish Peshmerga Forces Have Room to Grow"
3498:"Dutch and Norwegians train Peshmerga on basic soldier skills"
3030:
3025:
3020:
2710:
1667:
1497:
1479:
1278:
Yazidi Democratic Party, Incorporated into Peshmerga Ministry
876:
in 2011. One year later, in 2012, Ghul was assassinated by an
5880:
Women and War in the 21st Century: A Country-by-Country Guide
5736:"KRG and the 'godfathers': 2006 secret US cable on Wikileaks"
3225:"L'aide belge aux Peshmergas est prête à partir vers l'Irak"
1337:
The Peshmerga forces are secular with a Muslim majority and
5924:
Operation Hotel California: The Clandestine War inside Iraq
4973:
Cordesman, Anthony H.; Mausner, Adam; Derby, Elena (2010).
4772:
4770:
4010:"Kurdish Peshmerga Can Be a Game-changer in Iraq And Syria"
2918:
was known for allowing women in military roles. During the
7956:- country that sometimes recognized as part of Arab world
4867:
IS-Terror in Shingal: Wer kämpft gegen wen? Ein Überblick
5690:
5061:"Iraq's army and Kurds will join forces to retake Mosul"
3471:
The Shah of Iran, the Iraqi Kurds, and the Lebanese Shia
860:. In 2004, they captured Saudi-born Pakistani terrorist
5688:
5686:
5684:
5682:
5680:
5678:
5676:
5674:
5672:
5670:
5657:
5655:
5653:
5651:
5649:
5647:
5645:
5643:
5641:
5639:
5637:
5635:
5633:
5631:
5629:
5627:
5625:
5623:
5621:
5619:
5617:
5615:
5250:"Arms for Kurdish Peshmerga to affect military balance"
3606:"Russia delivers first weapons supplies to Iraqi Kurds"
105:
7989:
Military units and formations established in the 1920s
5613:
5611:
5609:
5607:
5605:
5603:
5601:
5599:
5597:
5595:
5419:
5417:
5201:"Coalition helps Peshmerga muscle up on urban warfare"
5101:"Mosul Christians form army under Peshmerga direction"
3686:
The Mitrokhin archive. II : the KGB and the world
1366:
Combined Joint Task Force – Operation Inherent Resolve
750:
Attacks on U.S. bases in Iraq and Syria (2023–present)
6232:
Official MPA site at Kurdish Regional Government site
829:
Formally, the Peshmerga are under the command of the
772:
6191:
Security Forces of the Kurdistan Regional Government
4218:
4203:
3840:"The Iraq War Was a Good Idea, If You Ask the Kurds"
7913:
7897:
7869:
7751:
7661:
7625:
7587:
7487:
7424:
7390:
7143:
7085:
7076:
7027:
6994:
6985:
6960:
6951:
6815:
6772:
6763:
6738:
6683:
6674:
6654:
6645:
6556:
6520:
6482:
6382:
6319:
6285:
6117:"Chapter Ten: Country comparisons and defence data"
6031:"No Frontline Deployment for Female Kurdish Troops"
6000:"Meet the Kurdish women fighting the Islamic State"
5554:"The Kurdish gun fixer taking aim at Islamic State"
5150:"As ISIL retreats, Iraqi Kurds gain new ammunition"
3204:"Austria to provide Peshmerga with medical support"
2998:
List of armed groups in the War in Iraq (2013–2017)
621:
616:
205:
187:
180:
168:
158:
150:
145:
135:
123:
116:
100:
84:
76:
68:
54:
25:
6197:, Costa Mesa, California: Mazda Publishers, 2011.
6089:"CHAPTER 4. Trade Update: After the 'Arab Spring'"
6087:Holtom, Paul; Rigual, Christelle (June 14, 2015).
5998:
5921:
5174:Richard Spencer, The Telegraph (October 3, 2014).
4293:"Mahabad – the first independent Kurdish republic"
4281:, KDP, 2018, see the introduction and chapter one.
3580:"Romania Pledges Continuous Support for Peshmerga"
856:on the mission to capture deposed Iraqi president
4542:Institute of Regional & International Studies
4491:. Archived from the original on February 22, 2010
3390:"Finland increases military support to Kurdistan"
852:, the Peshmerga played a key role in helping the
5471:Stewart, Phil; Spetalnick, Matt (June 5, 2015).
5008:Security Forces of Kurdistan Regional Government
4696:Security Forces of Kurdistan Regional Government
984:and power, deny the use of northern Iraq to the
7568:Two-state solution (Iraqi–Kurdish negotiations)
6463:Two-state solution (Iraqi–Kurdish negotiations)
5035:"1,000 Kurdish soldiers desert from Iraqi army"
4671:"Kurdish Peshmerga divisions hamper war effort"
4597:
4595:
4593:
4591:
4589:
4587:
4585:
4583:
1239:KDP. Supposedly becoming incorporated into MPA
1179:PUK. Supposedly becoming incorporated into MPA
971:After Mustafa Barzani's death in 1979, his son
173:
6883:Kurdistan Democratic Party – Progressive Front
6823:Action Party for the Independence of Kurdistan
6070:"Meet the female Peshmerga forces fighting IS"
5950:"An interview on public radio with the author"
4581:
4579:
4577:
4575:
4573:
4571:
4569:
4567:
4565:
4563:
3710:"Peshmerga and the Ongoing Fight against ISIS"
3552:Mosul, Martin Chulov near (October 20, 2016).
2964:' (YPG) woman volunteer with Peshmerga soldier
2935:. The PUK started recruiting women during the
1003:Iraqi Kurdish Peshmerga fighter (KDP) in 2003.
945:governments for the remainder of the century.
878:American drone strike in northwestern Pakistan
7728:
7367:
6623:
6262:
6113:International Institute for Strategic Studies
6093:Small Arms Survey 2015: Weapons and the World
5582:"The South African Defence Industry Database"
4939:Cordesman, Anthony H.; Mausner, Adam (2009).
4743:
4741:
4739:
4322:
4320:
4318:
4212:
4196:
4066:"How the CIA really caught Bin Laden's trail"
3936:– from the Ottoman Empire to Present-Day Iraq
3356:Jan Joel Andersson and Florence Gaub (2015).
956:. In 1975 the Peshmerga were defeated in the
948:In Iraq, most of these Peshmerga were led by
31:
8:
6189:Chapman, Dennis P., Lieutenant Colonel USA,
5528:"Eight Men, and One Gun, on the Iraqi Front"
5495:
5493:
5377:
4536:van den Toorn, Christine (August 17, 2014).
4168:"What does the Kurdish word Peshmerga mean?"
3924:
3922:
3920:
3918:
3916:
3914:
3680:
3678:
788:, an autonomous political entity within the
7999:Military history of Kurdistan Region (Iraq)
4234:Valentine, Those Who Face Death, KDP, 2018.
3358:"Adding fuel to the fire? Arming the Kurds"
3334:(in Danish). Ministry of Defense. p. 3
3093:, Central Intelligence Agency, May 31, 2024
872:in a covert American military operation in
7735:
7721:
7713:
7631:
7593:
7493:
7430:
7374:
7360:
7352:
7082:
6991:
6957:
6834:Democratic Patriotic Alliance of Kurdistan
6769:
6725:Organization of Iranian Kurdistan Struggle
6680:
6651:
6630:
6616:
6608:
6526:
6488:
6388:
6325:
6269:
6255:
6247:
6056:"KRG halts recruiting of female Peshmerga"
3899:. Kurdistan Development Organization. 2014
3416:"Greece to send ammunition to Iraqi Kurds"
2869:scam split the salary of these employees.
1090:
40:
7994:Organizations of the 1991 Iraqi uprisings
6186:, Kindle Direct Publishing, 2018, 300pp.
5390:
5388:
5386:
4793:
4791:
3464:
3462:
1080:Both the KDP and the PUK rely heavily on
1052:and a PUK-governed "green" zone covering
1007:In 2014, the Peshmerga withdrew from the
896:(1946–47). The word is understandable to
18:Military force of Iraq's Kurdistan Region
5440:
5438:
5436:
5434:
5432:
4455:Abdulrahman, Frman (February 23, 2012).
3974:
3972:
3970:
3968:
3966:
3520:
3518:
2800:
2682:
2372:
1994:
1400:
1303:Chaldean Syriac Assyrian Popular Council
1247:51,000–120,000 active/250,000 reservists
7341:List of Kurdish dynasties and countries
5814:. Human Rights Watch. November 13, 2016
4481:McDermid, Charles (February 20, 2010).
4037:"Operation Red Dawn's eight-month hunt"
3964:
3962:
3960:
3958:
3956:
3954:
3952:
3950:
3948:
3946:
3782:Newton-Small, Jay (December 31, 2012).
3492:
3490:
3061:"Hundreds of Christians join Peshmerga"
3052:
1681:Includes the Beretta MG 42/59 variant.
808:(intelligence agency/security forces),
585:
215:
7122:Patriotic Revolutionary Youth Movement
6828:Democratic National Union of Kurdistan
5576:
5574:
5526:Ackerman, Elliot (November 17, 2014).
4502:
3939:(MA thesis). Florida State University.
3351:
3349:
3147:
3145:
3143:
3141:
3139:
3137:
3135:
3133:
2877:to enter Erbil and attend parliament.
2446:36 M119A2 supplied by the US in 2017.
22:
7243:Peoples' Equality and Democracy Party
6011:from the original on January 12, 2022
5920:Tucker, Mike; Charles Faddis (2008).
5834:"Assyrians in Iraq, Vahram Petrosian"
5500:Smallwood, Michael (August 9, 2023).
5423:
4748:Howard, Michael (November 26, 2002).
4526:BBC News. Retrieved 19 December 2014.
3527:"Global Support for Peshmerga Forces"
1213:Presidential Guard (Iraqi Kurdistan )
814:(assisting intelligence agency), and
7:
6916:Kurdistan Socialist Democratic Party
6746:Iranian Call and Reform Organization
6127:(1). Taylor & Francis: 549–564.
5694:
5661:
5010:, US Army War College. 2009, p. 112.
3810:Druzin, Heath (September 29, 2013).
3604:Litovkin, Nikolai (March 18, 2016).
3177:Pollard, Ruth (September 11, 2014).
1041:Kurdistan Socialist Democratic Party
784:) comprise the standing military of
7556:Foreign missions in Iraqi Kurdistan
7278:Workers Vanguard Party of Kurdistan
7052:Kurdistan Democratic Party of Syria
6888:Kurdistan Democratic Solution Party
6867:Communist Party of Kurdistan – Iraq
6451:Foreign missions in Iraqi Kurdistan
5979:. Federation of American Scientists
5074:Coles, Isabel (December 21, 2014).
4819:Dortkardes, İhsan (July 20, 2007).
4669:Hawramy, Fazel (January 13, 2015).
4358:Kurdistan: In the Shadow of History
4166:Koerner, Brendan (March 21, 2003).
4138:Stratton, Allegra (June 26, 2006).
3759:. November 12, 2012. Archived from
3631:"Inherent Resolve in northern Iraq"
3157:Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs
990:overthrowing of the Baathist regime
778:
769:
32:
7058:Kurdish Democratic Political Union
7046:Kurdish National Alliance in Syria
6701:Kurdistan Democratic Party of Iran
5552:Bosch, Marius (November 7, 2016).
5148:Hugh Naylor (September 18, 2014).
4895:Editorial Staff (April 18, 2017).
4698:, US Army War College. 2009, p. 3.
3838:Krajeski, Jenna (March 20, 2013).
3257:(in Bulgarian). September 30, 2014
929:(1946–1947), the Peshmerga led by
14:
7267:Society for the Rise of Kurdistan
7063:Movement for a Democratic Society
6205:Reviewed by Michael M. Gunter in
5274:Nicholas Watt (August 14, 2014).
4604:Foreign Policy Research Institute
4387:"The Kurds between Iran and Iraq"
4250:. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
4064:Ambinder, Marc (April 29, 2013).
2772:Self-propelled anti-aircraft guns
1023:, who were rendered defenseless.
7898:Autonomous regional armed forces
7884:Sahrawi Arab Democratic Republic
7414:
7255:Revolutionary Party of Kurdistan
7219:Kurdistan Democratic Party/North
6309:
6218:
5395:Bender, Jeremy (June 30, 2014).
4852:Baxtiyar Goran (March 9, 2017).
4291:Abdulla, Mufid (June 12, 2011).
4092:Roston, Arom (January 9, 2014).
3712:. March 27, 2016. Archived from
3443:. April 20, 2017. Archived from
2982:
2942:In the months leading up to the
1284:
1259:
702:Islamist insurgency in Kurdistan
600:
588:
566:
554:
542:
530:
518:
506:
494:
482:
470:
458:
446:
434:
422:
410:
398:
386:
374:
362:
350:
338:
326:
314:
302:
290:
278:
266:
254:
242:
230:
218:
192:
7871:States with limited recognition
5445:Mehta, Aaron (April 19, 2017).
4901:Kurd Net – Ekurd.net Daily News
4821:"Barzani: Düzenli ordu yakında"
4709:Peshmerga: Those Who Face Death
4524:Profile: Who are the Peshmerga?
4385:van Bruinessen, Martin (1986).
4279:Peshmerga: Those Who Face Death
4126:Peshmerga: Those who Face Death
4008:Rai, Manish (October 6, 2014).
3873:. July 28, 2012. Archived from
1377:Islamic State offensive in 2014
1154:Presidential Peshmerga brigades
7002:Descendants of Saladin Brigade
6845:Islamic Fayli Grouping in Iraq
6209:, Vol. 65, No. 3, Summer 2011.
6072:. Al-Monitor. August 11, 2014.
5856:. Kolofon Forlag. p. 71.
4247:Aspects of Iranian Linguistics
3231:(in French). February 24, 2016
1:
6911:Kurdistan Revolutionary Party
6133:10.1080/04597222.2017.1271217
4483:"New force emerges in Kirkuk"
4333:Kurdistan Regional Government
3897:"Information about Kurdistan"
3578:Hasan, H. A. (May 21, 2016).
2946:, the United States launched
1114:Ministry of Peshmerga Affairs
1015:victory in the invasion, and
839:Democratic Party of Kurdistan
835:Kurdistan Regional Government
831:Ministry of Peshmerga Affairs
804:. These subsidiaries include
782: 'Those Who Face Death'
672:Kurdistan Region–PKK conflict
136:Minister of Peshmerga Affairs
125:President of Kurdistan Region
8009:1920s establishments in Iraq
7405:Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)
7153:Communist Party of Kurdistan
7134:Civil Protection Units-Women
6928:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
6872:Kurdistan Conservative Party
6300:Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)
5877:Sankey, Margaret D. (2018).
5850:Vindheim, Jan Bojer (2016).
5761:Devigne, Jacqueline (2011).
4829:(in Kurdish). Archived from
4750:"Revenge spurs women's army"
4244:Stilo, Donald (March 2008).
3525:Guido Weiss (July 8, 2015).
3309:(in Czech). January 27, 2016
2766:Some mounted on technicals.
2748:Some mounted on technicals.
2730:Some mounted on technicals.
2094:Armoured personnel carriers
1675:General-purpose machine gun
1657:General-purpose machine gun
1198:PUK Asayish (security) force
1176:Sheikh Jaafar Sheikh Mustafa
966:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
843:Patriotic Union of Kurdistan
735:Iraqi insurgency (2011–2013)
730:Iraqi insurgency (2003–2011)
667:1983–1986 Kurdish rebellions
7561:Missions of Iraqi Kurdistan
7201:Kurdistan Communities Union
7189:Freedom and Democracy Party
6662:Yezidi National Union (ULE)
6456:Missions of Iraqi Kurdistan
5910:, Simon and Schuster, 2004.
4885:, Al-Monitor. 27 March 2016
4362:University of Chicago Press
3988:Carnegie Middle East Center
3529:. Kurdstrat. Archived from
3016:Genocide of Yazidis by ISIL
1778:Automatic grenade launcher
1638:General-purpose machine gun
773:
745:2017 Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
8030:
7979:Anti-ISIL factions in Iraq
7606:Taqtaq-Feshkhabur pipeline
7213:Islamic Party of Kurdistan
7207:Kurdistan Islamic Movement
7195:Freedom and Equality Party
6877:Kurdistan Democratic Party
6862:Kurdish Tribal Association
6856:Kurdistan Islamic Movement
6707:Kurdistan Democratic Party
6501:Taqtaq-Feshkhabur pipeline
6097:Cambridge University Press
5506:Small Arms Defense Journal
4976:Iraq and the United States
4778:"kurdistanskyscrapers.com"
4219:
4204:
3929:Lortz, Michael G. (2005).
3469:Arash Reisinezhad (2018).
2944:2003 U.S. invasion of Iraq
2907:
2345:Armoured recovery vehicle
1759:Automatic grenade launcher
1291:Nineveh Plain Guard Forces
1027:Structure and capabilities
979:, Iraqi Kurdistan saw the
954:Kurdistan Democratic Party
907:
870:killing of Osama bin Laden
8014:Kurdish words and phrases
7951:
7692:
7634:
7596:
7496:
7433:
7411:
7291:
7261:Rights and Freedoms Party
7231:Peoples' Democratic Party
7225:Peace and Democracy Party
7165:Democratic People's Party
7041:Kurdish Supreme Committee
7007:People's Protection Units
6719:Kurdistan Free Life Party
6587:
6529:
6491:
6391:
6328:
6306:
6161:. Bloomsbury Publishing.
5883:. ABC-CLIO. p. 172.
4509:: CS1 maint: unfit URL (
4042:The Sydney Morning Herald
3688:. London: Penguin. 2014.
3473:. Springer. p. 115.
3183:The Sydney Morning Herald
3003:Kurdish rebellion of 1983
2820:
2770:
2702:
2609:
2537:Multiple rocket launchers
2535:
2422:
2395:
2344:
2269:
2147:
2093:
2070:
2014:
1979:Anti-tank guided missile
1961:Anti-tank guided missile
1940:Anti-tank guided missile
1920:Anti-tank guided missile
1902:Anti-tank guided missile
1790:
1725:
1623:
1587:Designated marksman rifle
1449:
1420:
39:
30:
7237:People's Democracy Party
7177:Democratic Regions Party
7171:Democratic Society Party
7093:Kurdistan Workers' Party
7035:Kurdish National Council
7013:Women's Protection Units
6968:Kurdish Democratic Party
6922:Kurdistan Toilers' Party
6785:Êzîdxan Protection Force
5378:Holtom & Rigual 2015
4926:The Washington Institute
4782:kurdistanskyscrapers.com
4391:MERIP Middle East Report
4356:Meiselas, Susan (2008).
2411:Self-propelled howitzer
2397:Self-propelled artillery
1883:Anti-tank guided missile
1805:Rocket-propelled grenade
1293:or "Christian Peshmerga"
1266:Êzîdxan Protection Force
1054:Sulaymaniyah Governorate
986:Kurdistan Workers' Party
958:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War
910:History of the Peshmerga
864:, who was operating for
652:Second Iraqi–Kurdish War
7984:Kurdistan Region (Iraq)
7573:Independence referendum
7116:Kurdistan Freedom Hawks
7104:People's Defence Forces
6934:Service and Reform List
6900:New Generation Movement
6894:Kurdistan Islamic Union
6850:Kurdistan Islamic Group
6791:Sinjar Resistance Units
6713:Kurdistan Freedom Party
6468:Independence referendum
5708:"The Peshmerga of Iraq"
4711:, KDP, 2018, chapter 9.
4335:Representation in Spain
2948:Operation Viking Hammer
2933:battle of Zawita Valley
2846:MD Helicopters MD-350F
1108:Regional Guard Brigades
1017:the widespread massacre
800:are forbidden to enter
720:Operation Viking Hammer
647:First Iraqi–Kurdish War
632:Mahmud Barzanji revolts
7943:People's Defense Units
7400:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
7128:Civil Protection Units
7086:Militant organizations
6995:Militant organizations
6773:Militant organizations
6684:Militant organizations
6295:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
6237:July 10, 2020, at the
6182:Simon Ross Valentine,
6158:The SVD Dragunov Rifle
5956:on September 30, 2011.
4650:. Rudaw. April 3, 2017
4213:
4197:
3736:"Constitution of Iraq"
2965:
2962:People's Defense Units
2920:Iraqi–Kurdish conflict
1353:
1117:Supposedly apolitical
1036:
1004:
977:First Persian Gulf War
692:Battle of Sulaymaniyah
6797:Êzîdxan Women's Units
6639:Kurdish organisations
6227:at Wikimedia Commons
6155:McNab, Chris (2023).
6115:(February 13, 2017).
5853:Kurdistan stiger fram
5740:The Kurdistan Tribune
4297:The Kurdistan Tribune
4128:, 2018, chapter five.
3757:Ministry of Peshmerga
2960:
2925:Margaret George Malik
2193:United Arab Emirates
1437:Semi-automatic pistol
1351:
1122:Hezekani Kosrat Rasul
1086:professional military
1034:
1002:
850:2003 invasion of Iraq
715:2003 invasion of Iraq
7856:United Arab Emirates
7475:Disputed territories
7311:Kingdom of Kurdistan
7249:People's Labor Party
6751:Kurdish United Front
6370:Disputed territories
6121:The Military Balance
6007:. November 8, 2014.
4942:Withdrawal from Iraq
4732:on January 13, 2015.
4140:"Hero of the people"
3396:. September 16, 2016
2970:women in their ranks
2189:STREIT Group Spartan
2176:United Arab Emirates
1515:M16A4 variant used.
1450:Rifles and carbines
1358:1991 Iraqi uprisings
794:Constitution of Iraq
687:1991 Iraqi uprisings
637:Ahmed Barzani revolt
140:Şoreş Îsmaîl Abdulla
7503:(autonomous region)
7326:Republic of Mahabad
7306:Kurdish nationalism
6398:(autonomous region)
6207:Middle East Affairs
5928:. The Lyons Press.
5350:. November 19, 2014
5039:Hurriyet Daily News
4833:on January 29, 2011
4626:Rudaw Media Network
4045:. December 15, 2003
3763:on January 12, 2015
3329:"Forsvarsavisen 01"
3283:. November 11, 2017
3067:. February 19, 2016
2598:Self-propelled MRL
2576:Self-propelled MRL
1611:Anti-materiel rifle
1058:Halabja Governorate
927:Republic of Mahabad
892:in the short-lived
792:. According to the
642:1943 Barzani revolt
7743:Militaries of the
7524:Presidency Council
7321:Republic of Ararat
7316:Kurdistansky Uyezd
7110:Free Women's Units
6807:Fayli Kurd Brigade
6419:Presidency Council
4628:. October 16, 2016
4417:– via JSTOR.
3871:Xinhua News Agency
3533:on January 3, 2018
3091:The World Factbook
2966:
2704:Anti-aircraft guns
2015:Main battle tanks
1791:Anti-tank weapons
1726:Grenade launchers
1714:Heavy machine gun
1354:
1161:Hero Ibrahim Ahmed
1103:Party affiliation
1037:
1005:
811:Parastin û Zanyarî
798:Iraqi Armed Forces
188:Domestic suppliers
8004:Armies by country
7961:
7960:
7710:
7709:
7657:
7656:
7621:
7620:
7583:
7582:
7551:Foreign relations
7483:
7482:
7349:
7348:
7287:
7286:
7145:Political parties
7099:Kurdish Hizbollah
7072:
7071:
7028:Political parties
6981:
6980:
6961:Political parties
6947:
6946:
6816:Political parties
6759:
6758:
6739:Political parties
6670:
6669:
6655:Political parties
6605:
6604:
6552:
6551:
6516:
6515:
6478:
6477:
6446:Foreign relations
6378:
6377:
6225:Kurdish Peshmerga
6223:Media related to
6168:978-1-4728-5599-2
5935:978-1-59921-366-8
5890:978-1-4408-5766-9
5863:978-82-300-1494-3
5588:on March 6, 2019.
5006:Chapman, Dennis.
4873:. 12 October 2014
4707:S. R. Valentine,
4694:Chapman, Dennis.
4488:Asia Times Online
4371:978-0-226-51928-9
4277:S. R. Valentine,
3817:Stars and Stripes
3307:www.defence24.com
3007:Al-Anfal campaign
2937:Kurdish Civil War
2861:
2860:
2794:
2793:
2676:
2675:
2366:
2365:
2270:Utility vehicles
1988:
1987:
1864:Recoilless rifle
1846:Recoilless rifle
1695:Heavy machine gun
1442:9×19mm Parabellum
1326:
1325:
1221:Nechirvan Barzani
1146:Lahur Shekh Jangi
1140:Anti-terror force
1050:Erbil Governorate
1046:Dohuk Governorate
981:Kurdish Civil War
758:
757:
697:Kurdish Civil War
206:Foreign suppliers
151:Military age
8021:
7915:Non-state actors
7753:Sovereign states
7737:
7730:
7723:
7714:
7632:
7594:
7519:
7501:Kurdistan Region
7494:
7470:
7462:
7454:
7446:
7431:
7419:
7418:
7376:
7369:
7362:
7353:
7331:Kurdistan Region
7183:Free Cause Party
7083:
6992:
6958:
6802:Asayîşa Êzîdxanê
6770:
6681:
6652:
6632:
6625:
6618:
6609:
6527:
6489:
6414:
6396:Kurdistan Region
6389:
6365:
6357:
6349:
6341:
6326:
6314:
6313:
6271:
6264:
6257:
6248:
6222:
6172:
6151:
6149:
6147:
6108:
6106:
6104:
6074:
6073:
6066:
6060:
6059:
6052:
6046:
6045:
6043:
6041:
6027:
6021:
6020:
6018:
6016:
6002:
5995:
5989:
5988:
5986:
5984:
5977:"Ansar al-Islam"
5973:
5967:
5964:
5958:
5957:
5952:. Archived from
5946:
5940:
5939:
5927:
5917:
5911:
5901:
5895:
5894:
5874:
5868:
5867:
5847:
5841:
5840:
5838:
5830:
5824:
5823:
5821:
5819:
5808:
5802:
5801:
5799:
5797:
5787:
5781:
5780:
5778:
5776:
5767:
5758:
5752:
5751:
5749:
5747:
5732:
5726:
5725:
5723:
5721:
5704:
5698:
5692:
5665:
5659:
5590:
5589:
5584:. Archived from
5578:
5569:
5568:
5566:
5564:
5549:
5543:
5542:
5540:
5538:
5523:
5517:
5516:
5514:
5512:
5497:
5488:
5487:
5485:
5483:
5468:
5462:
5461:
5459:
5457:
5442:
5427:
5421:
5412:
5411:
5409:
5407:
5401:Business Insider
5392:
5381:
5375:
5360:
5359:
5357:
5355:
5340:
5334:
5333:
5331:
5329:
5315:
5309:
5308:
5297:
5291:
5290:
5288:
5286:
5271:
5265:
5264:
5262:
5260:
5246:
5240:
5239:
5237:
5235:
5223:
5217:
5216:
5214:
5212:
5207:. April 16, 2015
5197:
5191:
5190:
5188:
5186:
5171:
5165:
5164:
5162:
5160:
5145:
5139:
5138:
5136:
5134:
5119:
5113:
5112:
5110:
5108:
5097:
5091:
5090:
5088:
5086:
5071:
5065:
5064:
5057:
5051:
5050:
5048:
5046:
5031:
5025:
5024:
5017:
5011:
5004:
4998:
4997:
4995:
4993:
4970:
4964:
4963:
4961:
4959:
4936:
4930:
4929:
4918:
4912:
4911:
4909:
4907:
4892:
4886:
4880:
4874:
4864:
4858:
4857:
4849:
4843:
4842:
4840:
4838:
4816:
4810:
4809:
4807:
4805:
4795:
4786:
4785:
4774:
4765:
4764:
4762:
4760:
4745:
4734:
4733:
4728:. Archived from
4718:
4712:
4705:
4699:
4692:
4686:
4685:
4683:
4681:
4666:
4660:
4659:
4657:
4655:
4644:
4638:
4637:
4635:
4633:
4618:
4612:
4611:
4599:
4558:
4557:
4555:
4553:
4548:on June 27, 2020
4544:. Archived from
4533:
4527:
4521:
4515:
4514:
4508:
4500:
4498:
4496:
4478:
4472:
4471:
4469:
4467:
4452:
4446:
4443:
4437:
4436:
4425:
4419:
4418:
4382:
4376:
4375:
4360:(2nd ed.).
4353:
4347:
4346:
4344:
4342:
4324:
4313:
4312:
4310:
4308:
4299:. Archived from
4288:
4282:
4275:
4269:
4268:
4266:
4264:
4241:
4235:
4232:
4226:
4224:
4223:
4222:
4216:
4209:
4208:
4207:
4200:
4189:
4183:
4182:
4180:
4178:
4163:
4157:
4156:
4154:
4152:
4135:
4129:
4122:
4116:
4115:
4113:
4111:
4106:on June 25, 2019
4102:. Archived from
4089:
4083:
4082:
4080:
4078:
4061:
4055:
4054:
4052:
4050:
4033:
4027:
4026:
4024:
4022:
4005:
3999:
3998:
3996:
3994:
3985:
3976:
3941:
3940:
3926:
3909:
3908:
3906:
3904:
3893:
3887:
3886:
3884:
3882:
3877:on July 31, 2012
3863:
3857:
3856:
3854:
3852:
3835:
3829:
3828:
3826:
3824:
3807:
3801:
3800:
3798:
3796:
3779:
3773:
3772:
3770:
3768:
3749:
3743:
3742:
3740:
3732:
3726:
3725:
3723:
3721:
3706:
3700:
3699:
3682:
3673:
3672:
3670:
3668:
3653:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3637:on June 17, 2020
3633:. Archived from
3627:
3621:
3620:
3618:
3616:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3592:
3590:
3575:
3569:
3568:
3566:
3564:
3549:
3543:
3542:
3540:
3538:
3522:
3513:
3512:
3510:
3508:
3494:
3485:
3484:
3466:
3457:
3456:
3454:
3452:
3447:on June 17, 2020
3433:
3427:
3426:
3424:
3422:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3403:
3401:
3386:
3380:
3379:
3377:
3375:
3362:
3353:
3344:
3343:
3341:
3339:
3333:
3325:
3319:
3318:
3316:
3314:
3299:
3293:
3292:
3290:
3288:
3273:
3267:
3266:
3264:
3262:
3247:
3241:
3240:
3238:
3236:
3221:
3215:
3214:
3212:
3210:
3200:
3194:
3193:
3191:
3189:
3174:
3168:
3167:
3165:
3163:
3149:
3128:
3127:
3125:
3123:
3118:. August 9, 2014
3108:
3102:
3101:
3100:
3098:
3083:
3077:
3076:
3074:
3072:
3057:
2992:
2990:Kurdistan portal
2987:
2986:
2985:
2952:chemical weapons
2882:Kurdistan Region
2801:
2683:
2423:Towed artillery
2373:
1995:
1737:Grenade launcher
1528:Assault carbine
1401:
1382:US-led coalition
1362:invasion of Iraq
1313:(security) force
1289:
1288:
1287:
1264:
1263:
1262:
1184:Emergency Forces
1129:Kosrat Rasul Ali
1091:
894:Mahabad Republic
866:al-Qaeda in Iraq
824:Safavid Iranians
790:Republic of Iraq
786:Kurdistan Region
783:
780:
776:
771:
617:Related articles
606:
604:
603:
594:
592:
591:
572:
570:
569:
560:
558:
557:
548:
546:
545:
536:
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476:
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272:
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260:
258:
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248:
246:
245:
236:
234:
233:
224:
222:
221:
200:Republic of Iraq
198:
196:
195:
169:Active personnel
130:Nêçîrvan Barzanî
112:
109:
107:
95:Kurdistan Region
48:Kurdistan Region
44:
35:
34:
23:
8029:
8028:
8024:
8023:
8022:
8020:
8019:
8018:
7964:
7963:
7962:
7957:
7947:
7938:Houthi movement
7909:
7893:
7865:
7747:
7741:
7711:
7706:
7688:
7662:Security forces
7653:
7617:
7579:
7513:
7479:
7468:
7460:
7452:
7444:
7420:
7413:
7409:
7386:
7383:Iraqi Kurdistan
7380:
7350:
7345:
7283:
7159:Democracy Party
7139:
7068:
7023:
6977:
6943:
6811:
6755:
6734:
6666:
6641:
6636:
6606:
6601:
6583:
6557:Security forces
6548:
6512:
6474:
6408:
6374:
6363:
6355:
6347:
6339:
6315:
6308:
6304:
6281:
6278:Iraqi Kurdistan
6275:
6244:
6239:Wayback Machine
6216:
6179:
6177:Further reading
6169:
6154:
6145:
6143:
6111:
6102:
6100:
6086:
6083:
6078:
6077:
6068:
6067:
6063:
6054:
6053:
6049:
6039:
6037:
6029:
6028:
6024:
6014:
6012:
5997:
5996:
5992:
5982:
5980:
5975:
5974:
5970:
5965:
5961:
5948:
5947:
5943:
5936:
5919:
5918:
5914:
5902:
5898:
5891:
5876:
5875:
5871:
5864:
5849:
5848:
5844:
5836:
5832:
5831:
5827:
5817:
5815:
5810:
5809:
5805:
5795:
5793:
5789:
5788:
5784:
5774:
5772:
5765:
5760:
5759:
5755:
5745:
5743:
5734:
5733:
5729:
5719:
5717:
5716:. March 1, 2008
5706:
5705:
5701:
5693:
5668:
5660:
5593:
5580:
5579:
5572:
5562:
5560:
5551:
5550:
5546:
5536:
5534:
5525:
5524:
5520:
5510:
5508:
5499:
5498:
5491:
5481:
5479:
5470:
5469:
5465:
5455:
5453:
5444:
5443:
5430:
5422:
5415:
5405:
5403:
5394:
5393:
5384:
5376:
5363:
5353:
5351:
5342:
5341:
5337:
5327:
5325:
5323:Washington Post
5317:
5316:
5312:
5299:
5298:
5294:
5284:
5282:
5273:
5272:
5268:
5258:
5256:
5248:
5247:
5243:
5233:
5231:
5225:
5224:
5220:
5210:
5208:
5199:
5198:
5194:
5184:
5182:
5173:
5172:
5168:
5158:
5156:
5147:
5146:
5142:
5132:
5130:
5129:. June 28, 2013
5121:
5120:
5116:
5106:
5104:
5099:
5098:
5094:
5084:
5082:
5073:
5072:
5068:
5059:
5058:
5054:
5044:
5042:
5041:. June 13, 2013
5033:
5032:
5028:
5019:
5018:
5014:
5005:
5001:
4991:
4989:
4987:
4972:
4971:
4967:
4957:
4955:
4953:
4938:
4937:
4933:
4920:
4919:
4915:
4905:
4903:
4894:
4893:
4889:
4881:
4877:
4865:
4861:
4851:
4850:
4846:
4836:
4834:
4818:
4817:
4813:
4803:
4801:
4797:
4796:
4789:
4776:
4775:
4768:
4758:
4756:
4747:
4746:
4737:
4726:lebanonwire.com
4720:
4719:
4715:
4706:
4702:
4693:
4689:
4679:
4677:
4668:
4667:
4663:
4653:
4651:
4646:
4645:
4641:
4631:
4629:
4620:
4619:
4615:
4601:
4600:
4561:
4551:
4549:
4535:
4534:
4530:
4522:
4518:
4501:
4494:
4492:
4480:
4479:
4475:
4465:
4463:
4454:
4453:
4449:
4444:
4440:
4427:
4426:
4422:
4399:10.2307/3011925
4384:
4383:
4379:
4372:
4355:
4354:
4350:
4340:
4338:
4326:
4325:
4316:
4306:
4304:
4303:on May 28, 2016
4290:
4289:
4285:
4276:
4272:
4262:
4260:
4258:
4243:
4242:
4238:
4233:
4229:
4220:
4210:) "before" and
4205:
4190:
4186:
4176:
4174:
4165:
4164:
4160:
4150:
4148:
4137:
4136:
4132:
4123:
4119:
4109:
4107:
4091:
4090:
4086:
4076:
4074:
4063:
4062:
4058:
4048:
4046:
4035:
4034:
4030:
4020:
4018:
4007:
4006:
4002:
3992:
3990:
3983:
3978:
3977:
3944:
3928:
3927:
3912:
3902:
3900:
3895:
3894:
3890:
3880:
3878:
3865:
3864:
3860:
3850:
3848:
3837:
3836:
3832:
3822:
3820:
3809:
3808:
3804:
3794:
3792:
3781:
3780:
3776:
3766:
3764:
3751:
3750:
3746:
3738:
3734:
3733:
3729:
3719:
3717:
3716:on July 3, 2019
3708:
3707:
3703:
3696:
3684:
3683:
3676:
3666:
3664:
3655:
3654:
3650:
3640:
3638:
3629:
3628:
3624:
3614:
3612:
3603:
3602:
3598:
3588:
3586:
3584:www.basnews.com
3577:
3576:
3572:
3562:
3560:
3551:
3550:
3546:
3536:
3534:
3524:
3523:
3516:
3506:
3504:
3502:www.centcom.mil
3496:
3495:
3488:
3481:
3468:
3467:
3460:
3450:
3448:
3435:
3434:
3430:
3420:
3418:
3414:
3413:
3409:
3399:
3397:
3388:
3387:
3383:
3373:
3371:
3360:
3355:
3354:
3347:
3337:
3335:
3331:
3327:
3326:
3322:
3312:
3310:
3301:
3300:
3296:
3286:
3284:
3275:
3274:
3270:
3260:
3258:
3249:
3248:
3244:
3234:
3232:
3223:
3222:
3218:
3208:
3206:
3202:
3201:
3197:
3187:
3185:
3176:
3175:
3171:
3161:
3159:
3151:
3150:
3131:
3121:
3119:
3110:
3109:
3105:
3096:
3094:
3085:
3084:
3080:
3070:
3068:
3059:
3058:
3054:
3049:
3041:Zaytun Division
3012:Sinjar massacre
2988:
2983:
2981:
2978:
2912:
2906:
2898:Iraqi Civil War
2875:Gorran Movement
2866:
2799:
2726:
2724:
2681:
2371:
2071:Reconnaissance
2029:
1993:
1991:Combat vehicles
1678:7.62×51mm NATO
1660:7.62×51mm NATO
1549:5.56×45mm NATO
1531:5.56×45mm NATO
1399:
1394:
1285:
1283:
1260:
1258:
1236:Najat Ali Salih
1066:Iraqi Civil War
1029:
992:as part of the
950:Mustafa Barzani
931:Mustafa Barzani
912:
906:
886:
802:Iraqi Kurdistan
781:
754:
740:Second Iraq War
707:
706:
612:
601:
599:
598:
589:
587:
584:
583:
578:
567:
565:
564:
555:
553:
552:
543:
541:
540:
531:
529:
528:
519:
517:
516:
507:
505:
504:
495:
493:
492:
483:
481:
480:
471:
469:
468:
459:
457:
456:
447:
445:
444:
435:
433:
432:
423:
421:
420:
411:
409:
408:
399:
397:
396:
387:
385:
384:
375:
373:
372:
363:
361:
360:
351:
349:
348:
339:
337:
336:
327:
325:
324:
315:
313:
312:
303:
301:
300:
291:
289:
288:
279:
277:
276:
267:
265:
264:
255:
253:
252:
243:
241:
240:
231:
229:
228:
219:
217:
214:
213:
193:
191:
104:
50:
19:
12:
11:
5:
8027:
8025:
8017:
8016:
8011:
8006:
8001:
7996:
7991:
7986:
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7966:
7965:
7959:
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7925:
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7911:
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7908:
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7901:
7899:
7895:
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7891:
7886:
7881:
7875:
7873:
7867:
7866:
7864:
7863:
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7853:
7848:
7843:
7838:
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7823:
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7813:
7808:
7803:
7798:
7793:
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7783:
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7773:
7768:
7763:
7757:
7755:
7749:
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7742:
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7739:
7732:
7725:
7717:
7708:
7707:
7705:
7704:
7699:
7693:
7690:
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7676:
7671:
7665:
7663:
7659:
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7652:
7651:
7646:
7641:
7635:
7629:
7623:
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7619:
7618:
7616:
7615:
7610:
7609:
7608:
7597:
7591:
7585:
7584:
7581:
7580:
7578:
7577:
7576:
7575:
7565:
7564:
7563:
7558:
7548:
7547:
7546:
7544:Prime Minister
7541:
7539:Vice President
7536:
7531:
7526:
7509:
7504:
7497:
7491:
7485:
7484:
7481:
7480:
7478:
7477:
7472:
7464:
7456:
7448:
7440:
7434:
7428:
7422:
7421:
7412:
7410:
7408:
7407:
7402:
7396:
7394:
7388:
7387:
7385: articles
7381:
7379:
7378:
7371:
7364:
7356:
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7328:
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7055:
7049:
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7016:
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7004:
6998:
6996:
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6949:
6948:
6945:
6944:
6942:
6941:
6936:
6931:
6925:
6919:
6913:
6908:
6906:Kurdistan List
6903:
6897:
6891:
6885:
6880:
6874:
6869:
6864:
6859:
6853:
6847:
6842:
6837:
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6809:
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6761:
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6757:
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973:Masoud Barzani
962:Jalal Talabani
920:British Empire
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908:Main article:
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5742:. May 8, 2014
5741:
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5713:Aljazeera.com
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5180:National Post
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3610:Russia Beyond
3607:
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3421:September 27,
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2910:Kurdish women
2904:Role of women
2903:
2901:
2899:
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2785:
2783:Soviet Union
2782:
2780:
2777:
2776:
2773:
2769:
2765:
2763:
2760:
2758:Soviet Union
2757:
2755:
2752:
2751:
2747:
2745:
2742:
2739:
2737:
2736:53T2 Tarasque
2734:
2733:
2729:
2722:
2720:
2717:
2715:Soviet Union
2714:
2712:
2709:
2708:
2705:
2701:
2697:
2694:
2691:
2688:
2685:
2684:
2678:
2672:
2670:
2667:
2665:Heavy mortar
2664:
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2659:
2656:
2655:
2652:
2650:
2647:
2644:
2641:
2639:
2636:
2635:
2632:
2630:
2627:
2625:Light mortar
2624:
2621:
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2616:
2615:
2612:
2608:
2605:
2603:
2600:
2597:
2595:
2592:
2590:
2587:
2586:
2583:
2581:
2578:
2575:
2573:Soviet Union
2572:
2570:
2567:
2566:
2562:
2558:
2556:
2553:
2550:
2547:
2545:
2542:
2541:
2538:
2534:
2531:
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2526:
2524:
2521:
2519:Soviet Union
2518:
2516:
2513:
2512:
2509:
2507:
2504:
2501:
2498:
2496:
2493:
2492:
2489:
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2482:
2479:
2477:Soviet Union
2476:
2474:
2471:
2470:
2467:
2464:
2461:
2458:
2456:Soviet Union
2455:
2453:
2450:
2449:
2445:
2443:
2440:
2438:
2435:
2432:
2430:
2427:
2426:
2421:
2418:
2416:
2413:
2410:
2408:Soviet Union
2407:
2405:
2402:
2401:
2398:
2394:
2390:
2387:
2384:
2381:
2378:
2375:
2374:
2368:
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2329:
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2325:
2322:
2320:
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2313:
2310:
2309:
2306:
2303:
2300:
2297:
2295:
2292:
2291:
2287:
2285:
2282:
2279:
2277:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2265:
2263:
2261:
2259:
2256:
2254:
2253:Wer'wolf MKII
2251:
2250:
2247:
2245:
2243:
2241:South Africa
2240:
2238:
2235:
2234:
2231:
2229:
2227:
2224:
2222:
2219:
2218:
2215:
2213:
2211:
2208:
2206:
2203:
2202:
2199:
2197:
2195:
2192:
2190:
2187:
2186:
2183:
2181:
2179:
2177:
2174:
2172:
2169:
2168:
2165:
2163:
2160:
2157:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2143:
2141:
2139:
2136:
2134:
2131:
2130:
2127:
2124:
2122:
2119:
2117:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2108:
2106:
2104:Soviet Union
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2092:
2089:
2087:
2085:
2083:
2080:
2078:
2077:EE-9 Cascavel
2075:
2074:
2069:
2066:
2064:
2062:
2059:
2057:
2054:
2053:
2050:
2048:
2046:
2044:Soviet Union
2043:
2041:
2038:
2037:
2034:
2032:
2027:
2025:Soviet Union
2024:
2022:
2019:
2018:
2013:
2009:
2006:
2003:
2000:
1997:
1996:
1990:
1984:
1981:
1978:
1975:
1973:
1970:
1969:
1966:
1963:
1960:
1957:
1954:
1952:
1949:
1948:
1945:
1942:
1939:
1937:
1934:
1932:
1929:
1928:
1925:
1922:
1919:
1917:Soviet Union
1916:
1914:
1913:9M113 Konkurs
1911:
1910:
1907:
1904:
1901:
1899:Soviet Union
1898:
1896:
1895:9M14 Malyutka
1893:
1892:
1889:
1886:
1884:
1881:
1878:
1876:
1873:
1872:
1869:
1866:
1863:
1860:
1858:
1855:
1854:
1851:
1848:
1845:
1843:
1840:
1838:
1835:
1834:
1831:
1828:
1826:
1823:
1821:Soviet Union
1820:
1818:
1815:
1814:
1811:
1808:
1806:
1803:
1801:Soviet Union
1800:
1798:
1795:
1794:
1789:
1786:
1783:
1780:
1777:
1775:
1772:
1771:
1768:
1765:
1763:South Africa
1762:
1760:
1757:
1755:
1752:
1751:
1748:
1745:
1743:
1740:
1738:
1735:
1733:
1732:Neopup PAW-20
1730:
1729:
1724:
1721:
1719:
1716:
1713:
1710:
1708:
1705:
1704:
1701:
1698:
1696:
1693:
1691:Soviet Union
1690:
1688:
1685:
1684:
1680:
1677:
1674:
1671:
1669:
1666:
1665:
1662:
1659:
1656:
1653:
1651:
1648:
1647:
1644:
1641:
1639:
1636:
1634:Soviet Union
1633:
1631:
1628:
1627:
1624:Machine guns
1622:
1619:
1617:
1614:
1612:
1609:
1607:
1604:
1602:
1599:
1598:
1595:
1593:
1590:
1588:
1585:
1583:Soviet Union
1582:
1580:
1577:
1576:
1573:
1571:
1568:
1566:
1563:
1560:
1558:
1555:
1554:
1551:
1548:
1545:
1542:
1540:
1537:
1536:
1533:
1530:
1527:
1524:
1522:
1519:
1518:
1514:
1512:
1509:
1506:
1504:
1503:United States
1501:
1499:
1496:
1495:
1492:
1489:
1486:
1484:Soviet Union
1483:
1481:
1478:
1477:
1474:
1472:
1469:
1467:
1466:Assault rifle
1464:
1462:
1459:
1457:
1454:
1453:
1448:
1445:
1443:
1440:
1438:
1435:
1433:
1430:
1428:
1425:
1424:
1419:
1415:
1412:
1409:
1406:
1403:
1402:
1396:
1391:
1389:
1387:
1386:NATO firearms
1383:
1378:
1373:
1369:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1350:
1346:
1344:
1340:
1335:
1332:
1321:
1318:
1315:
1312:
1308:
1307:
1304:
1301:
1298:
1295:
1292:
1282:
1281:
1277:
1275:
1274:Haydar Shesho
1272:
1269:
1267:
1257:
1256:
1252:
1249:
1246:
1243:
1242:
1238:
1235:
1233:70,000–90,000
1232:
1229:
1228:
1224:
1222:
1219:
1216:
1214:
1211:
1210:
1206:
1203:
1200:
1197:
1196:
1192:
1189:
1186:
1183:
1182:
1178:
1175:
1172:
1169:
1168:
1164:
1162:
1159:
1156:
1153:
1152:
1148:
1145:
1142:
1139:
1138:
1135:
1132:
1130:
1127:
1124:
1121:
1120:
1116:
1113:
1111:40,000–43,000
1110:
1107:
1106:
1102:
1099:
1096:
1093:
1092:
1089:
1087:
1083:
1078:
1075:
1071:
1070:United States
1068:in 2014, the
1067:
1061:
1059:
1055:
1051:
1047:
1042:
1033:
1026:
1024:
1022:
1018:
1014:
1013:Islamic State
1010:
1001:
997:
995:
991:
987:
982:
978:
974:
969:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
946:
944:
940:
936:
935:Qazi Muhammad
932:
928:
923:
921:
917:
911:
903:
901:
899:
895:
891:
890:Qazi Muhammad
883:
881:
879:
875:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
854:United States
851:
846:
844:
840:
836:
832:
827:
825:
821:
820:Ottoman Turks
817:
813:
812:
807:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
775:
767:
763:
751:
748:
746:
743:
741:
738:
736:
733:
731:
728:
726:
723:
721:
718:
716:
713:
712:
710:
703:
700:
698:
695:
693:
690:
688:
685:
683:
680:
678:
675:
673:
670:
668:
665:
663:
662:Iran–Iraq War
660:
658:
655:
653:
650:
648:
645:
643:
640:
638:
635:
633:
630:
629:
627:
624:
620:
615:
609:
597:
586:
575:
574:United States
563:
551:
539:
527:
515:
503:
491:
479:
467:
455:
443:
431:
419:
407:
395:
383:
371:
359:
347:
335:
323:
311:
299:
287:
275:
263:
251:
239:
227:
216:
208:
204:
201:
190:
186:
183:
179:
175:
172:150,000 (see
171:
167:
163:
161:
157:
153:
149:
144:
141:
138:
134:
131:
128:
126:
122:
119:
115:
111:
103:
99:
96:
92:
89:
87:
83:
79:
75:
71:
67:
64:
63:
59:
57:
53:
49:
43:
38:
29:
24:
21:
16:
7953:
7904:
7831:Saudi Arabia
7668:
7613:Demographics
7601:Oil reserves
7515:
7511:
7507:Human rights
6779:
6563:
6508:Demographics
6496:Oil reserves
6410:
6406:
6402:Human rights
6243:
6217:
6206:
6194:
6190:
6183:
6157:
6144:. Retrieved
6124:
6120:
6101:. Retrieved
6092:
6081:Bibliography
6064:
6050:
6038:. Retrieved
6034:
6025:
6013:. Retrieved
6004:
5993:
5981:. Retrieved
5971:
5962:
5954:the original
5944:
5923:
5915:
5908:Bob Woodward
5903:
5899:
5879:
5872:
5852:
5845:
5828:
5816:. Retrieved
5806:
5794:. Retrieved
5785:
5775:February 22,
5773:. Retrieved
5769:
5756:
5746:February 22,
5744:. Retrieved
5739:
5730:
5720:February 22,
5718:. Retrieved
5711:
5702:
5586:the original
5561:. Retrieved
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3255:Mediapool.bg
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3090:
3081:
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3064:
3055:
2967:
2941:
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2879:
2871:
2867:
2668:120 mm
2601:122 mm
2579:122 mm
2554:107 mm
2527:152 mm
2523:Gun-howitzer
2505:130 mm
2485:130 mm
2462:122 mm
2441:105 mm
2414:122 mm
2404:2S1 Gvodzika
2351:Type 653 ARV
2171:IAG Guardian
1982:152 mm
1964:115 mm
1943:152 mm
1931:9M133 Kornet
1923:135 mm
1905:125 mm
1887:120 mm
1867:105 mm
1754:Denel Y3 AGL
1742:South Africa
1565:Battle rifle
1461:Soviet Union
1374:
1370:
1355:
1336:
1327:
1079:
1072:and several
1062:
1038:
1006:
970:
947:
924:
913:
887:
847:
828:
809:
761:
759:
708:
626:Before 2003:
625:
608:Soviet Union
160:Conscription
86:Headquarters
80:2003–present
77:Current form
60:
20:
15:
7221:(KDP/Bakur)
5285:October 23,
4871:Ezidi Press
4328:"President"
4263:October 19,
4177:October 18,
4124:Valentine,
3661:Kurdistan24
3441:dfr.gov.krd
3394:Kurdistan24
3365:Issue Alert
3281:Kurdistan24
3065:Kurdistan24
2880:Outside of
2829:Airbus H135
2822:Helicopters
2813:In service
2786:57 mm
2761:57 mm
2743:20 mm
2679:Air defense
2648:81 mm
2628:60 mm
2559:Mounted on
2116:EE-11 Urutu
1849:84 mm
1837:Carl Gustaf
1829:73 mm
1809:40 mm
1707:M2 Browning
1699:12.7×108mm
1642:7.62×54mmR
1601:Zijiang M99
1539:H&K G36
1270:7,000–8,000
1125:2,000–3,000
862:Hassan Ghul
709:After 2003:
478:New Zealand
466:Netherlands
174:§ Structure
7968:Categories
7889:Somaliland
7811:Mauritania
7745:Arab world
7529:Parliament
7185:(HÜDA PAR)
7112:(YJA-STAR)
7037:(KNC-ENKS)
6424:Parliament
6146:August 20,
6103:August 20,
5563:August 20,
5537:August 20,
5511:August 20,
5482:August 20,
5456:August 20,
5424:McNab 2023
5406:August 20,
5230:. Fox News
5127:Al-Monitor
4675:Al-monitor
4654:August 13,
3047:References
2916:Zand tribe
2852:Transport
2836:Transport
2719:14.5×114mm
2569:BM-21 Grad
2561:technicals
2551:Towed MRL
2502:Field gun
2328:Otokar APV
2205:BAE Caiman
1972:BGM-71 TOW
1958:/ Germany
1784:35×32mmSR
1616:12.7×108mm
1592:7.62×54mmR
1557:H&K G3
1490:7.62×39mm
1397:Small arms
1331:Iraqi Army
1082:irregulars
900:speakers.
118:Leadership
72:1920s/1946
7974:Peshmerga
7933:Hezbollah
7905:Peshmerga
7879:Palestine
7669:Peshmerga
7534:President
7516:Peshmerga
7512:Military
7469:(Slêmanî)
7453:(Helebce)
7438:Kurdistan
7426:Geography
7296:Kurdistan
7263:(HAK-PAR)
7136:(YPS-Jin)
7065:(TEV-DEM)
6780:Peshmerga
6564:Peshmerga
6429:President
6411:Peshmerga
6407:Military
6364:(Slêmanî)
6348:(Helebce)
6333:Kurdistan
6321:Geography
6203:0026-3141
6141:0459-7222
6040:March 20,
6015:March 20,
6005:Telegraph
5983:August 8,
5818:April 24,
5796:March 20,
5695:IISS 2017
5662:IISS 2017
5354:March 20,
5328:March 20,
5305:ekurd.net
5259:March 20,
5234:March 20,
5211:April 17,
5185:March 20,
5159:March 20,
5133:March 20,
5107:March 20,
5085:March 20,
5045:March 20,
4992:March 20,
4958:March 20,
4407:0888-0328
4191:From the
4172:Slate.com
3934:Peshmerga
3229:RTBF Info
2804:Aircraft
2481:Field gun
2459:Howitzer
2388:Quantity
2369:Artillery
2304:Up to 18
2294:ATF Dingo
2007:Quantity
1471:7.62×39mm
1392:Inventory
1100:Commander
884:Etymology
762:Peshmerga
238:Australia
146:Personnel
26:Peshmerga
7776:Djibouti
7697:Category
7684:Zeravani
7674:Parastin
7489:Politics
7451:Halabja
7445:(Hewlêr)
6592:Category
6579:Zeravani
6569:Parastin
6384:Politics
6346:Halabja
6340:(Hewlêr)
6235:Archived
6099:: 84−123
6058:. Rudaw.
6009:Archived
5023:. Rudaw.
4906:June 21,
4826:Milliyet
4804:July 31,
4552:June 27,
4505:cite web
4225:"death".
4071:The Week
3720:July 31,
3209:July 26,
3122:July 26,
2976:See also
2929:Assyrian
2894:Assyrian
2797:Aircraft
2779:ZSU-57-2
2754:AZP S-60
2695:Variant
2692:Caliber
2437:Howitzer
2385:Caliber
2301:Dingo 1
2298:Germany
2004:Variant
1766:40×53mm
1746:20×42mm
1672:Germany
1561:Germany
1543:Germany
1421:Pistols
1413:Caliber
1339:Assyrian
1244:Zerevani
994:Iraq War
918:and the
874:Pakistan
841:and the
822:and the
816:Zêrevanî
774:Pêşmerge
770:پێشمەرگه
682:Gulf War
538:Slovenia
526:Slovakia
274:Bulgaria
212:Current:
182:Industry
62:Ey Reqîb
46:Flag of
33:پێشمەرگه
7851:Tunisia
7836:Somalia
7816:Morocco
7801:Lebanon
7771:Comoros
7766:Bahrain
7761:Algeria
7627:Culture
7589:Economy
7461:(Dihok)
7392:History
7239:(HADEP)
7191:(ÖZDEP)
7167:(DEHAP)
7124:(YDG-H)
7054:(KDP-S)
6953:Lebanon
6703:(KDP-I)
6647:Armenia
6522:Culture
6484:Economy
6356:(Dihok)
6287:History
5558:Reuters
5477:Reuters
5348:Reuters
5103:. Rudaw
5080:Reuters
4837:June 6,
4415:3011925
4193:Kurdish
4099:Vocativ
3667:July 3,
3641:July 3,
3615:July 3,
3589:July 3,
3563:July 3,
3537:July 3,
3507:July 3,
3451:July 8,
3400:July 3,
3374:July 3,
3338:July 3,
3313:July 3,
3287:July 3,
3261:July 3,
3235:July 3,
3188:July 3,
3162:July 3,
3116:Reuters
3097:June 8,
3071:July 3,
2833:France
2807:Origin
2740:France
2689:Origin
2611:Mortars
2544:Type 63
2495:Type 59
2379:Origin
2258:Namibia
2221:Maxxpro
2133:Type 63
2120:Brazil
2056:Type 69
2001:Origin
1432:Germany
1407:Origin
1345:units.
1319:unknown
1316:unknown
1311:Asayish
1299:unknown
1230:80 Unit
1217:unknown
1204:unknown
1201:unknown
1190:unknown
1170:70 Unit
1157:unknown
1021:Yazidis
952:of the
939:Iranian
904:History
898:Persian
833:of the
806:Asayish
779:transl.
766:Kurdish
622:History
582:Former:
502:Romania
406:Hungary
382:Germany
358:Finland
346:Estonia
334:Denmark
298:Croatia
262:Belgium
250:Austria
226:Albania
101:Website
69:Founded
7954:italic
7796:Kuwait
7791:Jordan
7702:Portal
7679:Asaish
7649:People
7639:Anthem
7459:Dohuk
7443:Erbil
7336:Rojava
7280:(PPKK)
7272:Xoybûn
7197:(ÖZEP)
7078:Turkey
7048:(HNKS)
6939:Shursh
6918:(KSDP)
6890:(PÇDK)
6840:Gorran
6836:(DPAK)
6830:(YNDK)
6721:(PJAK)
6691:Komala
6597:Portal
6574:Asaish
6544:People
6534:Anthem
6354:Dohuk
6338:Erbil
6201:
6165:
6139:
5932:
5887:
5860:
5063:. PRI.
4983:
4949:
4461:niqash
4413:
4405:
4368:
4337:. 2015
4254:
3692:
3477:
3087:"Iraq"
2890:Yazidi
2864:Issues
2816:Notes
2727:ZPU-4
2698:Notes
2548:China
2499:China
2391:Notes
2355:China
2333:Turkey
2283:M1151
2276:Humvee
2154:Cougar
2148:MRAPs
2137:China
2082:Brazil
2060:China
2010:Notes
1956:France
1936:Russia
1879:China
1842:Sweden
1781:China
1774:QLZ-87
1416:Notes
1343:Yazidi
1173:60,000
1074:Europe
605:
593:
571:
559:
550:Sweden
547:
535:
523:
514:Russia
511:
499:
490:Norway
487:
475:
463:
451:
442:Israel
439:
427:
415:
403:
394:Greece
391:
379:
370:France
367:
355:
343:
331:
319:
310:Cyprus
307:
295:
286:Canada
283:
271:
259:
247:
235:
223:
197:
7928:Hamas
7861:Yemen
7846:Syria
7841:Sudan
7826:Qatar
7806:Libya
7781:Egypt
7301:Kurds
7274:(CSK)
7257:(PŞK)
7251:(HEP)
7245:(DEM)
7233:(HDP)
7227:(BDP)
7215:(PİK)
7209:(HİK)
7203:(KCK)
7179:(DBP)
7173:(DTP)
7161:(DEP)
7155:(KKP)
7130:(YPS)
7118:(TAK)
7106:(HPG)
7095:(PKK)
7015:(YPJ)
7009:(YPG)
6987:Syria
6930:(PUK)
6924:(KZP)
6896:(KIU)
6879:(KDP)
6858:(IMK)
6852:(IGK)
6793:(YBŞ)
6787:(HPŞ)
6715:(PAK)
6709:(KDP)
6035:Rudaw
5837:(PDF)
5766:(PDF)
5205:Rudaw
4610:: 13.
4411:JSTOR
3984:(PDF)
3739:(PDF)
3361:(PDF)
3332:(PDF)
2810:Type
2725:ZPU-2
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2100:MT-LB
2030:T-55
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1817:SPG-9
1797:RPG-7
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1606:China
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1410:Type
1404:Name
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1187:3,000
1143:5,000
1094:Force
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454:Italy
418:India
154:21–41
110:/mopa
91:Erbil
56:Motto
7821:Oman
7786:Iraq
7644:Flag
6902:(NG)
6765:Iraq
6676:Iran
6539:Flag
6199:ISSN
6163:ISBN
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6137:ISSN
6105:2024
6042:2015
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5985:2012
5930:ISBN
5885:ISBN
5858:ISBN
5820:2018
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5777:2015
5748:2015
5722:2015
5565:2024
5539:2024
5513:2024
5484:2024
5458:2024
5408:2024
5356:2015
5330:2015
5287:2014
5261:2015
5236:2015
5213:2015
5187:2015
5161:2015
5135:2015
5109:2015
5087:2015
5047:2015
4994:2015
4981:ISBN
4960:2015
4947:ISBN
4908:2021
4839:2008
4806:2018
4761:2018
4682:2018
4656:2017
4634:2018
4554:2020
4511:link
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4366:ISBN
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4252:ISBN
4221:مەرگ
4214:merg
4179:2016
4153:2015
4112:2015
4079:2015
4051:2015
4023:2015
3995:2018
3905:2015
3883:2015
3853:2015
3825:2015
3797:2015
3789:Time
3769:2015
3722:2018
3690:ISBN
3669:2019
3643:2019
3617:2019
3591:2019
3565:2019
3539:2019
3509:2019
3475:ISBN
3453:2019
3423:2014
3402:2019
3376:2019
3340:2019
3315:2019
3289:2019
3263:2019
3237:2019
3211:2019
3190:2019
3164:2019
3124:2019
3099:2024
3073:2019
3036:PDKI
3014:and
3005:and
2892:and
2886:Arab
2658:M120
2638:M252
2618:M224
2594:Iran
2589:HM20
2515:D-20
2473:M-46
2452:D-30
2429:M119
2237:Reva
2161:6×6
2040:T-62
2028:T-54
2021:T-55
1875:HJ-8
1687:DShK
1341:and
1322:KDP
1309:KDP
1253:KDP
1207:PUK
1193:PUK
1165:PUK
1149:PUK
1056:and
1048:and
941:and
760:The
430:Iran
164:None
108:.krd
6129:doi
6125:117
4395:doi
4206:پێش
4198:pêş
3031:PKK
3026:YPJ
3021:YPG
2855:2+
2839:3+
2711:ZPU
2465:6+
2360:1+
2125:2+
1857:M40
1668:MG3
1630:PKM
1579:SVD
1498:M16
1480:AKM
1134:PUK
1019:of
106:gov
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
