223:. Murray's innovations drew criticisms from contemporaries who thought that he had descended into commerce. Murray never patented his formula internationally, only protecting its rights in the British Empire and its colonies. This left him susceptible to imposters and he was forced to protect his business by litigation after his rights were infringed on several occasions. Because of its restriction to the British Empire, Murray's assistant, Dinnisford, became wealthy after he popularised the formula after Murray's death.
22:
102:
in 1833 and received an honorary degree in medicine from Dublin
University the following year. He was appointed as an inspector of anatomical schools in Ireland, and was a member of the central board of health, as well as the resident physician to the Netterville Dispensary and the Anglesey Lying-In
321:
that Murray was most interested in; he (wrongly) attributed electricity to be the cause of cholera and other epidemics. He further opined that epidemics were a result of disturbances of natural electricity; either depletion or excess of electricity in the nervous system could derange the vital
285:, which satirised "the worms and sycophants of Irish lord lieutenancy". The historian Richard Davenport-Hines, writing for the Dictionary of National Biography, noticed how the situation could have caused Murray much embarrassment and was probably the reason why, in 1841, the newly appointed
325:
During the cholera epidemic of 1832, he lowered the atmospheric pressure on the external surface of sufferers' bodies using an air pump based on his own design. He also endorsed the medical use of atmospheric pressure in air baths. He reported his findings in various medical journals and
371:, Hordern gives Sir James Murray as being his grandfather. The dates suggest otherwise; Hordern's actual grandfather was Edward Francis Murray (1818–1882) who was the son of Sir James and Mary Sharrock. In 1873 Edward fathered Margeret Emily Murray, Hordern's mother.
155:, Murray undertook studies to establish the "exact proportions of heat, or electricity, naturally belonging to ... living atoms, in a state of health". After receiving his qualification, Murray was appointed the resident medical officer at a hospital in
214:
which was designed to mix in with the fluid. This gave the mixture a pleasant aftertaste, which appealed to women and child patients. He also marketed Sir James Murray's Pure Fluid
Camphor, a tonic which was used to aid weak nerves, low fever, spasms,
239:
also took out a superphosphate patent. Murray was judged to have the priority patent as he had been working on superphosphate since 1808. Superphosphate is a soluble form of phosphate rock which makes phosphate available to plants.
273:. His research led to his view that the fever was caused by electro-galvanic currents and accumulations. He felt passionate towards his appointment as the resident physician to Anglesey, and subsequently to Anglesey's successors,
260:
in 1833 by his employer, and received an honorary degree in
Medicine from Dublin University the following year. He was appointed as an inspector of anatomical schools in Ireland, and was a member of the central board of health.
316:
His report analysed body temperatures in various diseases, and looked at the effects of heat and fluidity on medicines. It further suggested that dilution aided the effects of most medicines. However, it was the area of
334:
In 1809 Murray married Mary née
Sharrock, with whom he had several children. When she died, he married again, this time to Mary née Allen in 1848; they had one daughter. Murray is the great-grandfather of the actor
309:, and in 1829, he published his Dissertation on the influence of heat and humidity, with practical observations on the inhalation of iodine. This was reissued in 1837, with additions to his technique of
722:
187:. Murray named his recipe Fluid Magnesia, and set up the company Sir James Murray & Son to successfully market it. Fluid Magnesia was later sold as a solution and recommended as a palatable
40:
and led the research into the causes of cholera and other epidemics as a result of exposure to natural electricity. He was the first physician to recommend the breathing in of
301:
Murray was the resident physician to the
Netterville Dispensary and to the Anglesey Lying-In Hospital, Dublin. He was the first physician to recommend the breathing in of
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702:
164:
732:
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504:
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71:, an area in which he became competent. In 1809 he developed the foundations of fluid magnesia, which contained a base ingredient of
179:
In around 1809 Murray developed the foundations of fluid magnesia, which was widely promoted as a stomach aid. Its base ingredient,
684:
231:
James Murray was also interested in the development of fertilizers for use in agriculture. Murray took out patents covering
132:
64:
509:
593:
567:
655:
Electricity : As a Cause of
Cholera, or Other Epidemics, and the Relation of Galvanism to the Action of Remedies
674:
83:. He named his recipe Fluid Magnesia, and set up the company Sir James Murray & Son to successfully market it.
252:
at the
University of Edinburgh in 1829, and became the resident physician to the lord lieutenant of Ireland,
87:
32:(1788–1871) was an Irish physician, whose research into digestion led to his discovery of the stomach aid
110:
Murray died at his home in Dublin on 8 December 1871. He is the great-grandfather of the
English actor
712:
707:
495:
The Irish
Fertiliser Industry A History, Mark Cooper and John Davis, Irish Academic Press, 2004, p40.
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45:
136:
56:
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in 1839. However, Murray's son, John, brought shame on his father by publishing a novel, entitled
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91:
673:
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639:
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426:, Oxford University Press, 2004, online edition, January 2016. Retrieved 27 January 2016
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He travelled to Rome Italy in 1844, where he undertook some studies into the causes of
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184:
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75:. He modified it for it to act as an aid for "weak nerves", low fever, spasms,
679:
210:
Along with this, Murray also developed a sweet-tasting mixture in the form of
342:
Murray died at his home in Dublin on 8 December 1871 and was later buried at
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144:
80:
60:
188:
270:
216:
192:
156:
140:
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in midwifery in 1807. There, and after hearing lectures by the
English
76:
183:, had long been known for its benefits in digestion and as an aid for
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to Edward Murray and his wife, Belinda née Powell. James attended the
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257:
160:
104:
99:
41:
211:
128:
52:
20:
543:
The Edinburgh Medical and Surgical Journal: Exhibiting a Concise
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98:, in 1831, a post Murray held until the 1840s. Murray was
723:
Alumni of the University of Edinburgh Medical School
688:. Vol. 39. London: Smith, Elder & Co.
438:"Sir James Murray's Original Fluid Magnesia",
159:. His career flourished under the hospital's
94:in 1829, and became the resident physician to
553:
551:
529:, 1 April–30 September 1843, Volume 8, p. 30.
8:
464:"Sir James Murray's Cordial Fluid Camphor",
235:fertiliser on 23 May 1842. On the same day
165:George Chichester, 3rd Marquess of Donegall
424:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
383:
360:
275:George Phipps, 2nd Marquess of Normanby
291:George Robinson, 1st Marquess of Ripon
619:Ireland, Births and Baptisms register
414:
412:
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408:
406:
404:
402:
400:
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254:Henry Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey
96:Henry Paget, 1st Marquess of Anglesey
7:
638:. London: Michael O'Mara Books Ltd.
293:, dispensed with Murray's services.
657:. North Carolina: Forgotten Books.
703:19th-century Irish medical doctors
14:
733:19th-century Irish businesspeople
718:Medical doctors from Derry (city)
675:"Murray, James (1788-1871)"
67:in 1807. He undertook studies in
738:Businesspeople from Derry (city)
685:Dictionary of National Biography
672:O'Donoghue, David James (1894).
420:"Murray, Sir James (1788–1871)"
297:Studies in heat and electricity
1:
133:Edinburgh College of Surgeons
65:Edinburgh College of Surgeons
36:in 1809. He later studied in
418:Hines-Davenport, Richard.
367:In his 1993 autobiography,
754:
539:"Notices to Correspondence
86:Murray graduated from the
728:Irish healthcare managers
634:Hordern, Michael (1993).
227:Superphosphate fertiliser
621:, (1620–1911), p. 25589.
513:, 9 January 1841, p. 35.
453:Durham County Advertiser
442:, 27 October 1877, p. 3.
123:Early life and education
523:"Periscope of the Week"
428:(subscription required)
88:University of Edinburgh
653:Murray, James (2015).
256:, in 1831. Murray was
248:Murray graduated as a
63:having studied at the
26:
455:, 8 March 1867, p. 1.
24:
468:, 9 June 1869, p. 1.
466:Londonderry Standard
451:"Sir James Murray",
350:Notes and references
307:respiratory diseases
305:in water vapour for
191:and as a remedy for
46:respiratory diseases
44:in water vapour for
505:"Our Library Table"
127:Murray was born in
545:, Volume 46, p. 3.
440:Gloucester Journal
344:Glasnevin Cemetery
279:Viscount Ebrington
250:Doctor of Medicine
135:where he became a
92:Doctor of Medicine
55:, Murray became a
27:
645:978-1-85479-188-7
636:A World Elsewhere
557:Hordern, pp. 1–2.
369:A World Elsewhere
237:John Bennet Lawes
181:Magnesium sulfate
73:magnesium sulfate
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689:
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664:978-133053-460-1
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175:Milk of Magnesia
34:Milk of Magnesia
30:Sir James Murray
25:Sir James Murray
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337:Michael Hordern
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112:Michael Hordern
69:pharmaceuticals
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16:Irish physician
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486:Hordern, p. 3.
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477:Hordern, p. 2.
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457:
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326:publications.
319:electrotherapy
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233:superphosphate
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176:
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169:Belfast Castle
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38:electrotherapy
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594:"Index entry"
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568:"Index entry"
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527:Medical Times
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390:Murray, p. 6.
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330:Personal life
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277:in 1835, and
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149:meteorologist
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31:
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683:
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602:. Retrieved
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576:. Retrieved
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315:
313:operations.
300:
287:Earl de Grey
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247:
230:
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185:constipation
178:
167:, who owned
126:
109:
85:
50:
29:
28:
18:
713:1871 deaths
708:1788 births
680:Lee, Sidney
311:tracheotomy
283:The Viceroy
197:indigestion
153:John Dalton
697:Categories
604:30 January
578:30 January
379:References
346:, Dublin.
137:licentiate
103:Hospital,
57:licentiate
510:Athenaeum
221:diarrhoea
201:heartburn
145:physicist
118:Biography
81:diarrhoea
61:midwifery
322:organs.
258:knighted
189:laxative
100:knighted
51:Born in
682:(ed.).
628:Sources
598:FreeBMD
572:FreeBMD
271:malaria
265:Scandal
244:Honours
217:cholera
193:acidity
157:Belfast
141:chemist
77:cholera
661:
642:
303:iodine
219:, and
203:, and
161:patron
147:, and
105:Dublin
79:, and
42:iodine
678:. In
600:. ONS
574:. ONS
355:Notes
212:syrup
129:Derry
90:as a
53:Derry
659:ISBN
640:ISBN
606:2016
580:2016
205:gout
422:,
59:in
699::
596:.
570:.
550:^
541:,
525:,
507:,
395:^
339:.
289:,
207:.
199:,
195:,
171:.
163:,
151:,
143:,
114:.
107:.
48:.
667:.
648:.
608:.
582:.
Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
