1518:). To obtain a "Licenciatura" it is required to either pass an additional test or defend a thesis. Although most Bachelor courses in Peru require to complete "Thesis work" or "Thesis seminars" modules(usually developing a research project during the last two semesters of the course) to obtain the degree, it is not mandatory to defend it. To obtain a "Licenciatura" or "TĂtulo Profesional" the student is required to write a thesis (usually that developed during their bachelor course), and pass their viva voce. Alternatively, it is possible to complete a written exam and then an oral examination in front of a group of professors (who are registered in the professional college/body of that specific profession). With this last option, it is usually required to have at least one year of professional experience in the relevant field of studies. Therefore, for some professions which used to be called "carreras largas" or long careers (e.g. dentistry, law, psychology and medicine), the student requires more than five years of studies or ten semesters to become a member of a professional body.
370:, which confer licentiate diplomas. The status of this award is similar to that of an Australian diplomaâcurrently one year of post-secondary educationâand so it is a lesser award than a degree, although this award can usually take two or more years to complete due to its high standard. Similarly, for theological colleges in former times, the licentiate was a specific post graduate award, analogous to a current graduate diploma. It was used specifically because some theological colleges did not enjoy university status, and could not award degrees such as baccalaureates, masters and doctorates. Though this was never the case in Catholic Colleges where the Licentiate cannot be earned until one has completed 7 years of study (5 for the baccalaureate and 2 for the licentiate). In such an instance, it sits well above the level of graduate diploma between that of master's and doctorate.
1074:. The Licentiate of Engineering corresponds to 120 ECTS credits (80 workweeks (old credits)), or nominally two years of full-time work, whereas a PhD amounts to 240 ECTS credits (160 workweeks (old credits)), or a nominal period of four years of full-time work (one old credit equals one week of full-time studies). However, as a result of the differences in requirements and individual performance, the time to complete a Licentiate of Engineering degree varies. For the thesis, 2â3 peer-refereed articles (or an equivalent monograph) is usually required, and there is no requirement for original research
1537:, the same happens in with the other professions (i.e. Enfermero, Ingeniero, PsicĂłlogo.) In such cases, both written titles are equivalent. The Professional Titles in Peru are equivalent to the professional degrees in the US, therefore if a person obtained a Master in Counselling degree in the US will need to complete the university studies in Peru in order to obtain the Licenciate or Title of Psychologist and then the Licensure at the Colegio de PsicĂłlogos del PerĂș. In PerĂș the Professional Title of PsicĂłlogo is similar to the Psy.D which is given in the US.
131:
979:
720:
of
Bolivia. The durational requirements to obtain a Licenciatura vary depending on the profession studied, however, most universities require the completion of the curricula within four to five years. Aside from the durational requirements, Bolivian universities also require that all candidates, at the completion of the curricula, complement their studies by writing a thesis or by sitting for an oral examination in which State and University representatives take part by testing the student's professional knowledge and skills.
1149:) became the predominant representation of the mainstream education of a lawyer. The Lizentiat is largely equivalent to the 1. Staatsexamen but, unlike the latter, is assessed by the university, not the state administration. It also allowed specialisation in areas of the law which were either not covered by other legal qualifications, e.g. ecclesiastical law etc., or not covered to the same extent. Other disciplines, such as theology or journalism (FU Berlin), used to offer a
272:, or area of teaching authority. Throughout the 12th century, the degree of their control tightened to such an extent that they had essential monopolies over all teachers in their dioceses, and teachers were barred from acting as instructors without the explicit authorization of their scholasters. Conflicts sometimes arose between the scholasters and local independent educators who operated educational facilities without their permission, and chancellors often demanded
902:, Toronto, offers a Licentiate Diploma (LRCM) in Piano Performance. The LRCM is the highest level of The Royal Conservatory Certificate Program. The examination is evaluated as a professional concert performance. Candidates are expected to demonstrate a masterful command of the instrument and communicate an understanding of stylistic characteristics and structural elements of each repertoire selection with interpretive insight and a mature musical personality.
994:, a licentiate's degree, recognised as a pre-doctoral degree, is equal to completion of the coursework and a dissertation which is formally equivalent to half of a doctoral dissertation. In Finland, the extent of licentiate degree is 120 ECTS equivalent and it requires two to three years of full-time research. Its prerequisite is a completed 4-year academic degree at advanced level, such as a
32:
784:, to attend elementary and secondary education. Pedagogical training, in addition to its specificities, should contemplate an overview of the education and the formative processes of the students. It should also emphasize the instrumentation for the teaching of Sciences at the fundamental level and for the teaching of biology at the intermediate level. In some Brazilian universities,
292:
but by the church, embodied in the chancellor of the diocese in which the university was located. The licentia would only be awarded however upon recommendation by the university, initially shortly before the candidate would be awarded the final degree of master or doctor, the requirements for which beyond having been awarded the licentia were only of a ceremonial nature.
1660:) was an academic degree awarded after four to six years of study, finalised by a thesis. It was a degree higher than the graduate diploma obtained after three years of study, which was mostly used in pedagogical institutes that trained secondary education teachers, and was considered inferior to the doctorate. A Romanian licence was the equivalent of a French
1434:
The
Photographic Society of New Zealand awards a licentiateship, Licentiate (LPSNZ), for "proficiency of a high order in practical photography." This means the applicant must demonstrate sound basic technical ability, along with good compositional skill, and awareness of lighting. Proficiency implies
929:
are also required to fulfill the requirements for graduation for each institution, with usually requires writing a thesis in some universities, attending a graduation seminar, or developing a project in order to graduate, and some degrees involve the same credits as a master's degree but not the same
918:
but higher than a bachelor's degree, according to the Office for the
Planning of Higher Education, part of the National Council of Rectors. Licentiate is extended to those who have fulfilled the requirements of a university program that has a minimum of 150 and a maximum of 180 course credits (public
2337:
Medical graduates from schools outside of Hong Kong must obtain a medical license directly form the
Medical Council of Hong Kong before they are able to register to practice medicine in Hong Kong. The qualification is known as the Licentiate of the Medical Council of Hong Kong (LMCHK). The LMCHK is
1177:
The Hong Kong
Special Administrative Region of the People's Republic of China (HKSAR) offers a Licentiate of the Medical Council of Hong Kong (LMCHK). This licentiate is required of non-locally trained doctors in order to register as a medical practitioner in Hong Kong. The LMCHK qualification forms
1005:
Until the early 1970s, the degree in Sweden was equivalent to the U.S. PhD requiring four to seven years of study after the
Bachelor's (or Master's) degree, and a publicly defended thesis. It was gradually substituted with the "Doctor's exam" in 1969 and was re-instituted as an intermediate level in
2322:
In
Finland, licensed medical practitioners (physicians and surgeons) are either licentiates or doctorates, where the Licentiate of Medicine is the minimum qualification. In terms of degree coursework, the licentiate is above master's but below a doctorate. In the medical field, there is no master's
748:
often depend on the topic studied, most universities require the completion of the curriculum within four to five years. Besides the durational requirements for academic activities, Brazilian universities may also require that degree candidates complement their studies by writing a dissertation and
719:
is a professional degree distinct from the
Bachelor of Arts or Bachelor in Science, which are more common in the Anglosphere, as it requires that the student take more credits for the completion of a professional curricula. The Licenciatura allows the holder to practice his or her profession in all
2393:
Licentiate Member of the
Institute of Clerks of Works and Construction Inspectorate (post nominal LICWCI) is a professional grade of the Institute of Clerks of Works and Construction Inspectorate, the professional body that supports quality construction and compliance of building standards through
1190:
In India, the
Licentiate is a vocational qualification offered by the special vocational boards or professional bodies. These are offered after completion of school education and are somewhat less extensive than a full-fledged university degree. Issuers of the licentiate degree include but are not
377:
which ranks above a master's degree and can only be earned after seven years of study (five years for the S.T.B.; two years for the S.T.L.). The licentiate is part of the three cycles of theological education in the Roman Catholic Church that was instituted in 1931: baccalaureate (STB); licentiate
291:
was of a somewhat different nature than the academic degrees of bachelor, master or doctor. The latter essentially indicated the rank of seniority in the various faculties (arts, theology, law, medicine), whereas the licentia was literally the licence to teach. It was awarded not by the university
1745:
The main purpose for having such a semi-level is to enable students, who cannot finish PhD studies but reached certain significant level of additional knowledge (around first half of PhD studies), to get certificate about finishing one stage of the PhD studies and continue those studies later in
303:
became an academic degree intermediate between the bachelor's degree on the one hand and the master's or doctor's degree on the other, in particular in the higher faculties. Moreover, the costs for obtaining the doctorate could be significant. As a result, most students not intending an academic
1643:
in other European countries. The Master's degree entails a two-year program of study, in which students can normally enroll after completing a licentiate's degree, and provides higher qualification for employment (e.g., for Architecture or Medicine a Master's is required, as well as for some
1168:
The professional licence is a Certificate licence issued by a university and authenticated national Department of education after the licenciate diploma holder submits a final paper research that have been analyzed and graded by a board of professors or faculty jury member from the school.
2117:
by a pontifical university or ecclesiastical faculty upon completion of studies in one of the sacred sciences. The pontifical licentiate is a canonical pre-requisite for entrance into a pontifical doctoral program: "Nobody can be admitted to the doctorate unless first having obtained the
824:. A licentiate is also offered by the Medical Council of Canada (MCC) upon completion of a series of Medical Council of Canada Qualifying examinations for Canadian and International medical graduates. This licentiate is required to obtain an independent medical practice licence in Canada.
1742:). That studies between 2nd and 3rd level of education are equal to licentiate level. It is formally at the 2nd level of academic studies with the master studies (at the same level). As a professional degree, when ranking employees, it is on 3rd level, together with PhD studies.
2313:
These licentiate diplomas were awarded by professional bodies, and were accepted by the General Medical Council for registration as a medical practitioner, but were not university degrees and were regarded as being at a slightly lower level than bachelor's degrees in medicine.
1715:
on a scientific subject. The basic graduate studies was four years before that. Accepting the Bolognia process, Serbia changed its academic degrees and the names of degrees were synchronized with other western school systems. Basically, there are 3 levels of studies now: 1.
3324:
1483:(Licentiate in Teaching of English), and qualifies the recipient to pursue a master's degree, or teach at a high school or middle school level with additional training. In order to be able to teach at university level, the recipient of a licentiate must complete the
1164:
The general licence is a diploma issued by a university and authenticated by the national department of education. This authentication confirms the school follows and complies to the national curriculum requirements for a four-year baccalaureat (bachelor's) degree.
860:. It is part of the cycle of baccalaureate, licentiate, doctorate in theological formation in the Roman Catholic Church. It can be earned while studying for a civil master's or doctoral degree. It probably sits in rank between the two levels. See
2048:
also offers a licentiateship. This program, which is offered at the degree level, is for individuals with a BEd (three-year program) who wishes to do in-service advanced training in education or a related learning field. Also in education,
1333:, require an intense theoretical background, as well as practical training, and so a first university degree in those areas may take longer to complete (up to 6 years). Even after obtaining the diploma, graduates require passing a national
2299:. The first two, and latterly the first three, were granted together in England, and the last three in Scotland, until 1999, after which approval to hold the examinations was withdrawn. The qualifications are still registrable with the
1873:
is equivalent to a master's degree. Depending on the degree and study plan, some Spanish universities require a small thesis or research project to be submitted in the last year before the student can finally claim his or her degree.
2076:, has as its highest qualification (above Certificate, Higher Certificate and Diploma levels) the Licentiateship of the institute, awarded following both a course of study including thesis and dissertation and professional practice.
2025:
offers Licences in Latin and Greek. They are postgraduate diplomas â meaning that the student would normally have completed a (typically three-year) bachelor's degree course first â and can be completed in either two or three years.
2401:
is a part qualified professional grade of the Chartered Institute of Personnel & Development (CIPD). Prior to the Institute gaining its Royal Charter, members at this grade were able to use the post nominal Lic IPD after their
3320:
1053:
The Licentiate of Engineering is an intermediate postgraduate degree used only in a few countries, among them Sweden and Finland, and can be seen as an academic step halfway between a Master's and a PhD. In Swedish, it is called
2374:
Certain maternity hospitals in Dublin used to award a Licentiate in Midwifery or LM diploma, not to midwives but to qualified medical practitioners who had been examined there after a three-month residential appointment. The
2358:
still qualify with licentiate diplomas from the two Irish Royal Colleges, coupled with a Licence in Midwifery from each, although in the past few years they have also been awarded the three medical bachelor's degrees of the
1801:
typically required from four to six years of university courses, and had a typical credit workload of 300 to 400 credits. It usually had two or three introductory years (first cycle, after which the candidate could obtain a
2785:
The Bologna Process of Harmonization of Higher Education, Alexandra Kertz-Welzel, "Motivation zur Weiterbildung: Master- und Bachelor-AbschlĂŒsse in den USA und Die Amerikas", Diskussion MusikpĂ€dagogik, vol. 29, pp. 33â35,
1904:
will consist of three or four years (240 ECTS credits), unless it is otherwise ruled by an EU Directive (like Pharmacy, five years, or Medicine, six years). All university students completing these four years will get a
2444:
of theology, possessing the authority to grant Pontifical degrees. This compares with, for example in North American institutions, the four-year program for a B.A. at many universities, a two-year program for an
2193:
in Toronto, Canada all confer such degrees. The Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies in Toronto awards a licentiate in Mediaeval studies, but, unusually, only offers it as a postdoctoral degree. (Cf. the
3132:
1909:
and may then go on with Master's studies (one to two years, 60-120 ECTS credits). Doctorate studies will in most cases require a research-oriented master's degree and may or may not include specific courses.
1499:, A "Bachiller" degree is the first academic degree and allows one to enroll in a master's degree course. The master's degree is the second degree and it allows you to get a Doctor's degree (equivalent to a
2807:
2206:
In Canada, anyone who completes the Level III Heraldic Proficiency Courses is granted the right to use the post-nominal of LRHSC (Licentiate of the Royal Heraldry Society of Canada). This is awarded by the
919:
university programs usually last from four to six years of study) and a minimum duration of 10 lesson cycles of 15 weeks or its equivalent (three or four extra course semesters after the completion of the
2323:
degree, and the bachelor's degree qualifies only for practical training to become a licentiate. Qualified licentiates may continue studies to become a Doctor of Medicine if they want to work in research.
1959:
Prior to the Bologna process, the master's degree was not considered an official academic degree in Spain, as the transition from undergraduate to postgraduate studies could only be done directly from a
1161:
In Haiti universities, a licenciate (licencié(e)) is the holder of a licence, which is a four-year degree, equivalent to a bachelor's degree. There are two kinds of licence: general and professional.
2429:
The degree of Licentiate of Theology (LTh) is a theological qualification commonly awarded for ordinands and laymen studying theology in the United Kingdom, Malta, Canada, Australia and New Zealand.
1810:
degree in that field of studies) and two additional years (second cycle) for specialization (but this could vary from one to three). In addition, there existed a third cycle, comprising PhD degrees (
970:
to write a thesis in order to graduate while others have to write a shorter, and less labor-intensive, monograph. The Licenciatura is one of the major University degree previous to doctoral studies.
307:
Notable exceptions to this development were the universities of Oxford and Cambridge, and the universities modelled after them. As their locations were not the seats of bishops, the granting of the
1455:
studies ranging between four and six years. Students are required to write a thesis if studying in the liberal arts, law or science in order to graduate. Students in engineering typically complete
3346:
699:) exist. Study for a Belgian degree is very rigorous. Students in Belgian universities usually spend more than thirty hours a week on their studies, as opposed to the average of fifteen hours at
2003:
According to the Swiss University Conference, the joint organization of the cantons and the Confederation for university politics, and the Rectors' Conference of the Swiss Universities, the old
2507:, in order to create uniform standards across the European Union in university education. The resulting conclusions called for all European universities to change their degree programs to a
703:
universities. As a result of this, students in Belgium are able to complete their licentiate or master's degrees in four to five years, as opposed to the usual six at American institutions.
1078:. In contrast, a doctoral thesis requires 4â6 articles and must demonstrate original research. The program for a licentiate degree is equivalent to a total of two years of full-time study.
2955:
1002:. Licentiate degree holders are officially eligible for independent scientific research in Universities, and entitled to the right to supervise master's and licentiate degree theses.
930:
level of rigor. This is also the degree conferred to a practicing physician. The degree is not considered terminal, and it is not sufficient to be a rector of a private university.
2198:
section above.) Further, the licentiate degree also grants the holder the "licence" to teach at any Catholic university, seminary or pontifical faculty anywhere around the world.
1842:, until Bar membership requirements were changed to include a minimum amount of legal work experience and passing an exam), medicine, economics, and other regulated professions.
284:
should be granted to anyone deemed qualified to teach. This allowed the Church to progressively centralize its educational control, reducing the power of individual scholasters.
1778:
degree in the anglophone system. This degree is currently being phased out at Spanish universities, replaced by the 'Grado' and 'Master' system due to the implementation of the
1984:
was the equivalent of a master's degree (there being no prior degrees) and qualified the holder for doctoral studies. The degree names are followed by the field of study (e.g.
2041:(RQF). The Landscape Institute offers licentiate membership to those who have completed a bachelor's degree and a postgraduate diploma in the field of landscape architecture.
2284:
1886:
1506:
The "Licenciatura" in Peru is not considered an academic degree, but rather a "Professional Title" within a specific profession which allows you to work in positions outside
1861:, as the anglophone distinction between "undergraduate" and "postgraduate" degrees does not properly apply to the traditional higher-education system of Spain. Many Spanish
1822:, completion of the first cycle did not automatically lead to the award of a diploma. However, students could elect to study specialized three-year degrees from the outset (
3645:
3607:
3570:
3533:
2646:
2398:
1755:
1549:
is a degree that was introduced in Poland by the tertiary education reforms. The purpose of these reforms was to bring the Polish university system into line with the
1224:
is a general term denoting the first higher-education degree awarded at universities, varying from three to five years of study, depending on the field. It is thus an
1141:
as a single university degree (Lic.iur.) with a duration varying between five and eight years. For political reasons, this degree was discontinued, mainly because the
3129:
2113:
The licentiate degree is a post-graduate, research degree, considered above the master's degree and below the research doctoral degree, conferred by authority of the
2099:
is awarded to students after five years of study. They are required to write a thesis and/or do an internship and/or develop a research project in order to graduate.
1435:
skill with the camera and in processing and presenting images. This is the first of three honours available the other two being Associate (APSNZ) and Fellow (FPSNZ).
891:
who have already completed a PhD. (The application for the LMS refers to it as a "licentiate" and not as a "license".) The degree is unusual in that licentiates from
1510:
and perform as an independent professional in the Republic of Peru. Most professions require the "Licenciatura" or "Professional Title" to be able to register with
2799:
3821:
2480:
2424:
2332:
2080:
2065:
801:
1845:
The third cycle was sometimes called postgrado. Note, however, that the label "undergraduate" may be misleading to an anglophone audience, since while a Spanish
1295:
committed regarding the professional practice, including those in which an individual offers professional services without having the proper diploma or licence.
2241:
2159:
749:
apply for an oral examination. This evaluation is performed by Professors and or Researchers aiming to assess the student's professional knowledge and skills.
1255:. Statistics show that historically only about 60% of those graduating actually obtain the diploma. At the same time the diploma is awarded, a professional
2225:
342:, is a four to six-year degree with a required final thesis defence. Upon competition of the licentiate degree the student may be eligible to apply for a
3506:
3290:
3052:
1311:
1196:
876:
2959:
744:. The Licenciatura degree allows its holder to teach disciplines both in primary and secondary education. Although durational requirements to obtain
3267:
As these Dutch titles were replaced with their corresponding international degrees, after the application of the Bologna process in the Netherlands.
2270:
1307:
1178:
part of the pathway towards registration to practice medicine in Hong Kong for those that graduated from medical schools outside of Hong Kong. The
2343:
2342:
exam, and completing a period of assessment. The licentiate doctors are represented by an independent, non-profit professional body, known as the
2339:
2252:
2147:
1179:
1750:
level, it is needed first to pass master's degree, then study for a year, after which the candidate need to defend the final specialist academic
2303:, and allow the bearer to practice medicine in the United Kingdom, and used to be recognised by some state medical boards in the United States.
2277:
3180:
1838:
degree also provided direct access to professional practice or membership in professional associations such as Bar Associations for lawyers (
942:
degree. In Denmark, it has formally been replaced by the PhD degree. The proper doctorates in Denmark are considered higher degrees than the
2577:
1459:
which are additional post-degree requirements before graduating. Additionally, there are Nicaraguan universities that require an internship
3104:
2907:
2355:
2256:
2186:
853:
820:
academic institutions, a Licentiate in Laws (LL.L.) is offered by some Canadian universities for the completion of studies equivalent to a
49:
1616:
degrees that are now being awarded in Portugal and in almost all Europe with varying local designations, are usually three-year programs.
2833:
2468:(JCL) is similarly awarded at Pontifical universities and faculties. Other qualifications for canon law include an inter-denominational
2030:
1495:
In Peru, "Bachiller" is awarded automatically for having completed all the courses required for obtaining the first academic degree. In
363:
2851:
2182:
2166:
2038:
3235:
299:
on the one hand and the bachelor, master and doctor degrees on the other began to fade. In the continental European universities the
3851:
3078:
2733:
2705:
1882:
1006:
research training in the 1980s, now requiring only two years of study after Masters graduation. The licentiate's degree is called a
115:
2671:
1730:), but also there are two semi-levels of specialization. Between 1st and 2nd level are professional master's degree studies (Ser.
511:. Each of those two levels required at least two years (four semesters) of successful study. Licentiates were required to write a
3155:
2307:
2208:
2123:
2872:
96:
3560:
2143:
68:
3499:
2496:
2360:
2151:
1636:
53:
2602:
1395:), in which case the study plan integrates coursework from the master's program, and may take up to five years to complete.
1251:). Obtaining the diploma means the student completely concluded his or her studies, and has the right of using the title of
3409:
3277:
2500:
2433:
2416:
2139:
2131:
2022:
1644:
Engineering branches, entailing a total of 5 to 6 years of post-secondary studies) or to prepare a student for his or her
857:
850:
which is part of the baccalaureate, licentiate, and doctorate theological degree course within the Roman Catholic Church.
847:
374:
2643:
2013:
stated that they consider the Swiss licenciate as equivalent to a master's degree, though they state it is not the same.
75:
3379:
1620:
1202:
Licentiate Certified Physician and Surgeon (LCPS) was a recognized medical qualification in India before 1946, when the
1192:
1034:(Licentiate of Theology) etc., depending on the faculty. Furthermore, the requisite degree for a physician's licence is
238:), meaning "permission to practice", signifying someone who holds a certificate of competence to practise a profession.
3160:
Regulatory Law for the 5th Article in the Constitution, relative to the practice of professions in the Federal District
3009:
2079:
In music, a licentiate is the qualification which follows the diploma and is offered by Trinity College London (LTCL),
3556:
2245:
1182:
is an independent, non-profit professional body formed to help candidates with the challenges of attaining the LMCHK.
899:
3202:
2483:
also awards the Licentiate in the History of the Church, and the Licentiate in the Cultural Patrimony of the Church.
834:
by examination, which may be undertaken within ten years of receiving an MA from the Department of Philosophy at the
3156:"Ley Reglamaentaria del ArtĂculo 5Âș Constitucional, relativo al ejercicio de las profesiones en el Distrito Federal"
1199:, the Association of Mutual Funds of India, and the Diploma Examination Board of the government of Andhra Pradesh.
145:
82:
1830:âtechnical engineering), which, after successful completion, would give access to the second cycle of a number of
42:
3846:
3492:
2458:
2229:
2170:
1924:
degrees, and graduates from the old system may have to study additional courses to transform their degree into a
3625:
2933:
2623:
1814:, which included one or two years of research oriented courses and the completion of a thesis towards the same
1511:
700:
149:
3298:
3056:
978:
831:
64:
3402:"Qualifications â Courses â The Institute of Heraldic and Genealogical Studies. The School of Family History"
3552:
2465:
2420:
2300:
2263:
2135:
2127:
2087:(LLCM); candidates may choose to specialize in performance or teaching, depending on the examination board.
2084:
888:
843:
362:
Currently the only institutions in Australia to grant licentiates, apart from theological colleges, are the
130:
3598:
3434:
3375:
2412:
2387:
2310:
was a similar qualifying medical diploma awarded externally in Dublin until recognition was lost in 1968.
2296:
2190:
2050:
2034:
1770:
degree was one of the major higher-education degrees previous to doctoral studies, and is equivalent to a
1314:, may forgo the thesis in exchange for demonstrating professional experience, research work, or excellent
865:
838:. This licentiate, a pontifical degree, qualifies graduates to teach philosophy at a seminary or college.
383:
343:
2900:"Convenio para crear una nomenclatura de grados y tĂtulos de la EducaciĂłn Superior Universitaria Estatal"
2000:, the degree has now been replaced by master's degrees (with bachelor's degrees being newly introduced).
1896:
After the Bologna process, all official university degrees will fall into one of these three categories:
1754:
which is a document describing a research in the scientific and professional area, winning additional 60
1235:
In Mexico, a distinction is made between simply passing all the required courses, just being a graduate (
3659:
2437:
2108:
892:
880:
846:
that enables the recipient to practice as a canon lawyer within the Roman Catholic Church, as well as a
839:
827:
821:
792:
can be obtained concomitantly, by simultaneously fulfilling requirements for both the degrees (e.g. the
757:
177:
3773:
3729:
3635:
3621:
3579:
3524:
2554:
2544:
2529:
2524:
2508:
1850:
1717:
1685:
1640:
1608:. In the past, a master's degree would add 2 more years to the 4 to 6 years of the old undergraduate
1554:
1407:
1315:
1114:
1087:
991:
920:
835:
785:
20:
1948:
holders will by default be in the A2 level (the second highest), while A1 (the highest) will be for
1612:
programs, thus taking 6 to 8 years of post-secondary education to obtain a master's degree. The new
3787:
3764:
3172:
2045:
1779:
1479:
This degree is awarded upon completion of four years of study in a specific field of study â e.g.,
1215:
1138:
1093:
987:
765:
737:
2829:
378:(STL) and doctorate (STD). It is the licentiate that licences faculty to teach in seminaries. See
3691:
2473:
2441:
2283:
Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow (LRCPSG) is awarded by the
1803:
1600:, which were awarded before and after the Bologna's reforms, respectively. The length of the old
959:
938:
The licentiate was formerly awarded in Denmark and Norway, and was roughly equal to the American
304:
career would forgo the doctorate, and as a result the licentiate became the common final degree.
277:
3616:
3108:
2899:
2539:
2512:
1858:
1721:
1605:
1464:
1380:
1130:
995:
915:
677:
Licentiaat-doctorandus in de TEW (Toegepaste Economische Wetenschappen) en in Beleidsinformatica
430:
347:
173:
1487:(Postgraduate of Tertiary Education), which may be obtained before or after a master's degree.
89:
3783:
3547:
2729:
2701:
2119:
1881:
in 2014 establishing the official equivalences between the Spanish pre-Bologna titles and the
1563:
1280:
999:
169:
1360:, while more specific titles and prefixes are used for other professionals such as engineer (
3813:
3769:
3686:
3542:
2847:
2549:
2376:
2262:
Licentiate in Medicine and Surgery of the Society of Apothecaries (LMSSA) is awarded by the
1866:
1632:
1023:
947:
884:
733:
660:
351:
261:
253:
2751:
The First Universities â Studium Generale and the Origins of University Education in Europe
2481:
Faculty of the History and the Cultural Patrimony of the Church at the Gregorian University
1878:
1648:
research or work permit from the regulatory and licensing body for profession in Portugal.
3808:
3792:
3754:
3739:
3706:
3516:
3243:
3136:
2650:
2534:
2504:
2367:
Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians of Ireland (LRCPI) or (L & LM, RCPI) and
1997:
1669:
1628:
1589:
1550:
1399:
1388:
1288:
1203:
1109:
1013:
592:
508:
422:
264:
ordering all bishops to make provisions for the teaching of liberal arts. Chancellors and
247:
165:
3082:
2033:
Licentiateship is awarded to those who achieve a level 4 Professional Recognition Award.
2866:"Licentiate in Mediaeval Studies Application, Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies"
2764:
2663:
2232:
before they are eligible to apply for licensure in the province or territory concerned.
753:
3778:
3734:
3584:
2721:
2492:
2469:
2446:
1681:
1677:
1463:) prior to graduation. The Licenciatura is the degree that segues candidates into both
1357:
584:
538:
414:
3130:"EstadĂsticas de EducaciĂłn. EducaciĂłn BĂĄsica, Media Superior y Superior. EdiciĂłn 2005"
2118:
licentiate." The licentiate may be conferred in any of the sacred sciences, including
1952:
holders with additional requirements (such as a master's or a doctorate, or a special
3840:
2865:
2476:), though this degree would not have canonical effects in the Roman Catholic Church.
2370:
Licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland (LRCSI) or (L & LM, RCSI).
2269:
Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh (LRCPE) is awarded by the
2054:
1889:
stating the equivalence of a given pre-Bologna title to the new Bologna levels. Most
1807:
1771:
1452:
1225:
1206:
effectively made the MBBS the sole entry point into the medical profession in India.
966:
is awarded to students after studies of four to six years. Some universities require
276:
before granting a license to teach. In response to these escalating abuses of power,
185:
2276:
Licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh (LRCSEd) is awarded by the
1271:. Some professions do not require the professional credential, but for others, like
740:, as it requires students to take more credits for the completion of a professional
3696:
3430:
1415:
1142:
861:
789:
379:
257:
135:
1533:(Licentiate in Pharmacy and Biochemistry) in their certificates. Instead they use
3759:
2178:
1973:
1775:
1673:
1284:
373:
The Catholic Institute of Sydney is a Pontifical Faculty and as such offers the
31:
3401:
2057:, commonly referred to as the Dip TESOL, an advanced teaching qualification in
3141:
Statistics on Education. Basic, Mid-level, and Higher Education. Edition 2005.
2581:
2449:, and the writing and successful defense of the doctoral dissertation for the
2155:
2069:
2010:
1701:
1604:
programs would range from four to six years and are now equivalent to the new
1276:
1256:
1146:
914:, a licentiate belongs to the second level of education (grade), lower than a
911:
402:
265:
3371:
1708:, which was awarded after one year of postgraduate studies and finishing the
895:
are usually a precursor to a doctorate, and not a post-doctoral achievement.
466:
3654:
3484:
1684:
level. Now, after the Bologna process, the Romanian licence is similar to a
1444:
1047:
773:
672:
652:
325:
3210:
1046:, "Doctor of Medicine" is a traditional professor's degree, or a research
2292:
2114:
1573:
1569:
1507:
1326:
1272:
3294:
2984:
1496:
1322:
1268:
1244:
1229:
967:
926:
777:
769:
712:
399:
3236:"Groningen : 1 September 2008 : Kenmerk KS/D&L/22553/07"
2037:
formerly awarded licentiates, which were accredited at Level 6 of the
1736:) and between 2nd and 3rd level are academic specialist studies (Ser.
461:
in French. It was the second level of university study, after that of
3744:
3711:
3701:
3630:
3350:
2888:
Piano: Licentiate Diploma in Piano Performance Syllabus, 2015 Edition
2174:
1751:
1712:
1697:
1665:
1419:
1299:
1292:
1134:
817:
781:
512:
273:
268:
exercised a high degree of control over who could teach within their
181:
3203:"Groningen : 5 December 2007 : Kenmerk KS/D&L/4406/07"
2929:
2138:
and Catholic Universities with Ecclesiastical Faculties such as the
1956:
such as Medicine that is in many aspects equivalent to a master's).
1869:
into English, use the formula BA+MA (or BSc+MSc) to indicate that a
1672:
was of application) which have been recognized as meester (mr.) and
2454:
977:
204:
189:
129:
1137:. Until the 1990s, the degree was offered as a law degree at the
2432:
A qualification similar to the LTh is the two-year postgraduate
2383:
2338:
awarded after such doctors undergo careful vetting, passing the
2073:
1553:. It is typically a three- or four-year degree, equivalent to a
1334:
1263:) may be obtained from the National Directorate of Professions (
3488:
2251:
Licentiate of the Royal College of Surgeons (LRCS), previously
1387:). In exceptional cases, the recipient may apply directly to a
1310:, may still require the thesis, while others, like the federal
2450:
2058:
1893:(if not all) have been placed in level 7 (Master) of the EQF.
1645:
1500:
1468:
1330:
943:
939:
659:, which is the result of third level study and research, is a
260:
in episcopal schools during the 11th and 12th centuries, with
25:
3162:, last reform 22 December 1993, law published on 26 May 1945.
367:
1117:. There are two kinds of licence: general and professional.
2906:(in Spanish). Consejo Nacional de Rectores. pp. 1, 4.
1267:), which serves as a licence to practice and as a national
287:
Originally, for the student in the medieval university the
3450:
295:
Over time however, this distinction in nature between the
195:
The term is also used for a person who holds this degree.
2007:
is considered equivalent to the current master's degree.
1780:
Bologna Declaration on the European higher education area
1414:, however, should never be confused with a more advanced
1113:), which is a three-year degree, roughly equivalent to a
1932:
will be the equivalent of the old intermediate degrees:
1668:. There are some Romanian licences (obtained before the
1656:
In Romania, before the Bologna process, a licence (Rom.
256:
of the Catholic Church led to an increased focus on the
1592:
in the mid-2000s, in Portugal the licentiate's degree (
3476:
FacoltĂ della Storia e dei Beni Culturali della Chiesa
2800:"Sapientia Christiana (April 15, 1979) â John Paul II"
2794:
2792:
1352:
before the name). However, it is mostly common to use
2354:
In Dublin, students at the School of Medicine of the
689:
Licentiaat in de Handels- en Financiële Wetenschappen
3034:
2407:
Theology, canon law, history, and cultural patrimony
2224:
A medical graduate must obtain the qualification of
214:, "to be allowed"), which is applied in the phrases
3801:
3720:
3679:
3672:
3644:
3606:
3597:
3569:
3532:
3523:
2898:Oficina de PlanificaciĂłn de la EducaciĂłn Superior.
2285:
Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Glasgow
1936:engineers will have the responsibilities of former
1885:(EQF) levels. This royal decree also describes the
1287:, it is mandatory by law. The law also establishes
982:
Cover page of a licentiate dissertation from Sweden
491:in French. The years spent to obtain the degree of
445:in French. The years spent to obtain the degree of
56:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
2578:"Equivalence of Diploma and Master's degree title"
1789:academic degree is academically equivalent to the
768:should include, in addition to specific topics of
533:system is now being replaced by an American-style
168:present in many countries, representing different
1887:procedure for applying for a personal certificate
2399:Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development
1529:as a prefix before the professional title, e.g.
1521:Nowadays, some universities do not use the word
1337:to finally be awarded the professional licence.
3291:"Ăquivalence entre licence / diplĂŽme et master"
2753:. Cambridge University Press. pp. 242â270.
2726:On Theology: Herman Bavinck's Academic Orations
2160:Pontifical University of Saint Thomas Aquinas,
1580:is a degree between that of master and doctor.
800:degrees in Biological Sciences, offered by the
311:was by proxy, and its significance faded away.
3822:Master of Arts (Oxford, Cambridge, and Dublin)
3055:. Insurance Institute of India. Archived from
2425:History Curriculum at the Gregorian University
2333:Licentiate of the Medical Council of Hong Kong
2171:Pontifical and Royal University of Santo Tomas
2134:(STL), or the Licentiate of Philosophy (PhL).
2081:Associated Board of the Royal Schools of Music
2066:Institute of Heraldic and Genealogical Studies
1406:has the equivalent qualifications of a 3-year
802:Pontifical Catholic University of Minas Gerais
3500:
3035:"The Medical Licentiate Society of Hong Kong"
2767:. Ministerio de Education Republica Argentina
2242:Licentiate of the Royal College of Physicians
1940:. Lawyers will need a master's degree, not a
1737:
1731:
1725:
1065:
1055:
1017:
1007:
333:
8:
2264:Worshipful Society of Apothecaries of London
609:
566:
523:
3455:The Medical Licentiate Society of Hong Kong
3039:The Medical Licentiate Society of Hong Kong
2691:
2689:
2226:Licentiate of the Medical Council of Canada
1321:By their nature, some disciplines, such as
1302:was the only method to obtain the diploma (
1038:; there is no master's degree. (The degree
732:is a professional degree distinct from the
601:
560:
516:
139:
3676:
3603:
3529:
3507:
3493:
3485:
1635:. It is also the first degree used in the
1588:Due to the developments introduced by the
16:Academic degree similar to master's degree
3474:Pontificia UniversitĂ Gregoriana (2007),
3053:"Welcome to Insurance Institute of India"
2985:"The Medical Council of Hong Kong â Home"
2572:
2570:
2495:organized the Bologna Convention for the
1857:is comparable in scope to a postgraduate
1340:In Mexico, every graduate who obtained a
1306:). Nowadays, some universities, like the
1220:As in many Latin American countries, the
1197:Institute of Company Secretaries of India
877:Pontifical Institute of Mediaeval Studies
116:Learn how and when to remove this message
3173:"Grados y tĂtulos â Universidad de Lima"
2932:. Utbildningsdepartementet. 9 May 2012.
2384:Licenciate of the Royal Academy of Music
2271:Royal College of Physicians of Edinburgh
2150:, Pontifical Athenaeum of Sant'Anselmo,
1976:universities, until the adoption of the
1308:National Autonomous University of Mexico
3347:"Register of Recognised Qualifications"
2566:
2253:Member of the Royal College of Surgeons
2148:Pontifical University of the Holy Cross
1676:(drs.) in the Netherlands, i.e. at the
1232:to practice in the learned profession.
754:Brazilian National Council of Education
683:, more specific abbreviations, such as
3151:
3149:
2810:from the original on 20 September 2012
2698:A Companion to Twelfth-Century Schools
2308:Licentiate of Apothecaries' Hall (LAH)
2295:diplomas were latterly awarded by the
2278:Royal College of Surgeons of Edinburgh
1050:, with licentiate as a prerequisite.)
679:. Apart from the general abbreviation
635:(philosophy and theology, abbreviated
623:(philosophy and theology, abbreviated
429:) holds the equivalent education of a
226:), meaning "permission to teach", and
3382:from the original on 31 December 2016
3107:. Bharatiya Vayu Sena. Archived from
2979:
2977:
2854:from the original on 26 January 2018.
2103:Pontifical universities and faculties
1916:will take one year more than the old
1531:Licenciado/a en Farmacia y BioquĂmica
1344:diploma is technically and legally a
1265:DirecciĂłn General de Profesiones, DGP
1243:), and actually obtaining the degree
1108:
19:"PhL" redirects here. For other, see
7:
3327:from the original on 7 November 2016
2461:(an additional two to three years).
2356:Royal College of Surgeons in Ireland
2257:Royal College of Surgeons of England
2187:University of Saint Mary of the Lake
1977:
1379:qualifies the recipient to pursue a
1298:For a number of years, presenting a
1129:holds the equivalent education of a
854:Regis College, University of Toronto
54:adding citations to reliable sources
3183:from the original on 9 October 2017
2878:from the original on 30 April 2017.
2836:from the original on 25 March 2016.
2156:Pontifical University of Antonianum
2031:City and Guilds of London Institute
1900:(Bachelor), Master or Doctor. Most
1849:may be likened to an undergraduate
1704:region, the name of the degree was
1512:professional association or society
364:Australian Music Examinations Board
3412:from the original on 22 March 2018
2910:from the original on 21 April 2016
2183:The Catholic University of America
2167:Pontifical University of Salamanca
2039:Regulated Qualifications Framework
1481:Licenciatura de Docencia en inglés
887:(LMS) as a degree exclusively for
14:
3321:"Professional Recognition Awards"
2674:from the original on 30 July 2017
2472:program at least one university (
1928:. Nevertheless, in most aspects,
1883:European Qualifications Framework
1739:specijalistiÄke akademske studije
1733:specijalistiÄke strukovne studije
2936:from the original on 15 May 2012
2215:Medicine, surgery and obstetrics
2209:Royal Heraldry Society of Canada
1877:The Spanish government issued a
1596:) may refer to both old and new
1153:qualification instead of a PhD.
752:For instance, as defined by the
30:
3561:Certificate of Higher Education
2603:"Master Licentiate equivalency"
2144:Pontifical Gregorian University
1088:Bachelor's degree § France
41:needs additional citations for
2848:"Licence in Mediaeval Studies"
2497:European Higher Education Area
2379:was the most recent to do so.
2361:National University of Ireland
2152:Pontifical Salesian University
1818:diploma). When studying for a
1637:European Higher Education Area
697:Licentiaat in de Tandheelkunde
248:Academic degree § History
1:
3478:, Rome: Gregoriana PublicitĂ .
2724:(2020). Bruce R. Pass (ed.).
2503:, more commonly known as the
2501:Lisbon Recognition Convention
2434:Licentiate of Sacred Theology
2417:Licentiate of Sacred Theology
2140:Pontifical Lateran University
2132:Licentiate of Sacred Theology
2023:University of Wales, Lampeter
1485:Posgrado de Docencia Superior
1451:is awarded to students after
858:Licentiate in Sacred Theology
848:Licentiate in Sacred Theology
375:Licentiate of Sacred Theology
3451:"Process of attaining LMCHK"
3143:Statistics for the year 2002
3105:"BY THE OLD MOULMEIN PAGODA"
2624:"Attestation of Equivalence"
1422:"Licenciate of Technology" (
1193:Insurance Institute of India
1125:In Germany, a person titled
1026:(Licentiate of Philosophy),
3557:Diploma of Higher Education
3079:"Enrolment as a licentiate"
2696:CĂ©dric Giraud, ed. (2019).
2436:(STL), available from many
2246:Royal College of Physicians
2195:
2055:Licentiate Diploma in TESOL
1639:, and is also designated a
1631:awarded by institutions of
1621:Portuguese higher education
900:Royal Conservatory of Music
772:, contents in the areas of
671:in the Netherlands. At the
667:was also equivalent to the
3870:
2958:. Chalmers. Archived from
2830:"Licentiate in Philosophy"
2664:"Definition of LICENTIATE"
2653:Accessed 16 September 2012
2644:Oxford Living Dictionaries
2410:
2330:
2106:
1996:, etc.). In line with the
1561:often go on to complete a
1213:
1085:
675:there used to be a degree
368:St Cecilia School of Music
338:), by which one becomes a
245:
180:and other universities in
146:Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
18:
3010:"Hong Kong e-Legislation"
2700:. Brill. pp. 30â50.
2255:(MRCS) is awarded by the
2244:(LRCP) is awarded by the
2230:Medical Council of Canada
1944:. And in public service,
1865:, when translating their
1402:in Europe, virtually any
1060:, usually abbreviated as
816:is not generally used by
172:. It may be similar to a
3852:Education in Switzerland
1557:. Students completing a
1312:institutes of technology
832:Licentiate in Philosophy
651:are to be considered as
562:Doctor in de geneeskunde
229:licentia ad practicandum
210:, "freedom" (from Latin
150:University of Strasbourg
65:"Licentiate" degree
3553:Higher National Diploma
2749:Pedersen, Olaf (1997).
2466:Licentiate of Canon Law
2438:Pontifical universities
2421:Licentiate of Canon Law
2301:General Medical Council
2136:Pontifical universities
2128:Licentiate of Canon Law
2085:London College of Music
2061:at Level 7 of the NQF.
1228:degree, and requires a
1019:filosofian lisensiaatti
893:Pontifical institutions
844:Licentiate in Canon Law
653:professional doctorates
615:in French, abbreviated
571:in French, abbreviated
551:in French, abbreviated
518:licentiaatsverhandeling
475:in French, abbreviated
178:pontifical universities
3435:Apostolic Constitution
3376:Trinity College London
2956:"Degree of Licentiate"
2649:21 August 2014 at the
2413:Licentiate of Theology
2388:Royal Academy of Music
2297:United Examining Board
2189:in Mundelein, IL, and
2051:Trinity College London
2035:Trinity College London
1828:arquitecturas técnicas
1738:
1732:
1726:
1461:(internado or pasantĂa
1067:tekniikan lisensiaatti
1066:
1056:
1036:licentiat/lisensiaatti
1032:teologian lisensiaatti
1018:
1008:
983:
866:apostolic constitution
610:
602:
567:
561:
524:
517:
384:apostolic constitution
334:
203:The term derives from
153:
140:
3660:Candidate of Sciences
3278:Landenmodule Roemenie
2728:. Brill. p. 82.
2109:Pontifical university
2107:Further information:
1964:to doctoral studies.
1356:for graduates of the
1100:) is the holder of a
981:
889:postdoctoral students
881:University of Toronto
856:offers the degree of
840:Saint Paul University
830:offers the degree of
828:Saint Paul University
822:Bachelor of Civil Law
758:Ministry of Education
627:) were equivalent to
280:demanded that a free
133:
3730:Academic certificate
3622:Postgraduate diploma
3438:Sapientia Christiana
3301:on 28 September 2011
3135:13 June 2011 at the
2930:"Högskoleförordning"
2555:Undergraduate degree
2530:Doctor of Philosophy
2525:All but dissertation
2442:Pontifical faculties
1746:life. To get to the
1576:-regulated degrees,
1572:faculties which use
1535:QuĂmico FarmacĂ©utico
1424:Teknologie Licentiat
1418:degree, such as the
1057:Teknologie Licentiat
1040:lÀÀketieteen tohtori
992:Finnish universities
883:offers a License in
870:Sapientia Christiana
836:University of Ottawa
655:, whereas the title
643:. The former titles
639:) was equivalent to
603:Doctor in de rechten
545:Burgerlijk ingenieur
531:candidate-licentiate
388:Sapientia Christiana
235:licentia practicandi
50:improve this article
21:PHL (disambiguation)
3765:Professional degree
3323:. City and Guilds.
3041:. 13 December 2019.
3014:elegislation.gov.hk
2668:merriam-webster.com
2185:in Washington, DC,
2046:College of Teachers
1938:Ingenieros técnicos
1840:Colegio de Abogados
1758:for overall study.
1619:Since 2006, in the
1516:Colegio Profesional
1216:Education in Mexico
1139:Saarland University
1094:French universities
1009:filosofie licentiat
766:Biological Sciences
738:Bachelor of Science
568:Docteur en médecine
344:postgraduate degree
315:Regional variations
223:licentia doctorandi
3692:Doctor of Sciences
3059:on 3 December 2011
2397:Licentiate of the
2386:is awarded by the
2344:Licentiate Society
1978:Bologna Convention
1922:IngenierĂa TĂ©cnica
1261:cédula profesional
1249:tĂtulo profesional
1180:Licentiate Society
1064:, and in Finnish,
1028:teologie licentiat
984:
974:Finland and Sweden
960:Dominican Republic
954:Dominican Republic
934:Denmark and Norway
619:, until 1972) and
557:Doctor of Medicine
525:mémoire de licence
405:, a person titled
278:Pope Alexander III
170:educational levels
154:
3834:
3833:
3830:
3829:
3784:Specialist degree
3668:
3667:
3636:Engineer's degree
3593:
3592:
3580:Bachelor's degree
3548:Foundation degree
2545:Bachelor's degree
2509:bachelor's degree
2005:Lizentiat/licence
1982:Lizentiat/licence
1851:Bachelor's degree
1724:and 3. PhD (Ser.
1702:former Yugoslavia
1686:Bachelor's degree
1641:Bachelor's degree
1555:bachelor's degree
1408:bachelor's degree
1398:According to the
1368:), or biologist (
1281:civil engineering
1115:bachelor's degree
1070:, abbreviated as
1000:Magister's degree
948:higher doctorates
921:bachelor's degree
885:Mediaeval Studies
786:Bachelor's degree
529:in French). This
332:degree (Spanish:
126:
125:
118:
100:
3859:
3847:Academic degrees
3770:Graduate diploma
3687:Higher doctorate
3677:
3604:
3543:Associate degree
3530:
3509:
3502:
3495:
3486:
3479:
3472:
3466:
3465:
3463:
3461:
3447:
3441:
3428:
3422:
3421:
3419:
3417:
3398:
3392:
3391:
3389:
3387:
3368:
3362:
3361:
3359:
3357:
3343:
3337:
3336:
3334:
3332:
3317:
3311:
3310:
3308:
3306:
3297:. Archived from
3287:
3281:
3274:
3268:
3265:
3259:
3258:
3256:
3254:
3249:on 25 March 2016
3248:
3242:. Archived from
3232:
3226:
3225:
3223:
3221:
3216:on 25 March 2016
3215:
3209:. Archived from
3199:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3188:
3169:
3163:
3153:
3144:
3127:
3121:
3120:
3118:
3116:
3101:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3081:. Archived from
3075:
3069:
3068:
3066:
3064:
3049:
3043:
3042:
3031:
3025:
3024:
3022:
3020:
3006:
3000:
2999:
2997:
2995:
2981:
2972:
2971:
2969:
2967:
2962:on 18 April 2013
2952:
2946:
2945:
2943:
2941:
2926:
2920:
2919:
2917:
2915:
2895:
2889:
2886:
2880:
2879:
2877:
2870:
2862:
2856:
2855:
2844:
2838:
2837:
2826:
2820:
2819:
2817:
2815:
2796:
2787:
2783:
2777:
2776:
2774:
2772:
2761:
2755:
2754:
2746:
2740:
2739:
2718:
2712:
2711:
2693:
2684:
2683:
2681:
2679:
2660:
2654:
2641:
2635:
2634:
2632:
2630:
2620:
2614:
2613:
2611:
2609:
2599:
2593:
2592:
2590:
2588:
2574:
2550:Associate degree
2377:Rotunda Hospital
2122:, philosophy or
1741:
1735:
1729:
1633:higher education
1606:Master's degrees
1366:Arquitecto, Arq.
1112:
1110:[liËsĂŁs]
1107:
1096:, a licenciate (
1069:
1059:
1021:
1011:
734:Bachelor of Arts
661:higher doctorate
613:
611:Docteur en droit
605:
570:
564:
527:
520:
337:
309:licentia docendi
289:licentia docendi
282:licentia docendi
270:locus magisterii
262:Pope Gregory VII
254:Gregorian Reform
217:licentia docendi
143:
121:
114:
110:
107:
101:
99:
58:
34:
26:
3869:
3868:
3862:
3861:
3860:
3858:
3857:
3856:
3837:
3836:
3835:
3826:
3809:Honorary degree
3797:
3793:Terminal degree
3755:Magister degree
3740:External degree
3722:
3716:
3664:
3640:
3617:Master's degree
3589:
3565:
3519:
3517:academic degree
3513:
3483:
3482:
3473:
3469:
3459:
3457:
3449:
3448:
3444:
3429:
3425:
3415:
3413:
3400:
3399:
3395:
3385:
3383:
3370:
3369:
3365:
3355:
3353:
3345:
3344:
3340:
3330:
3328:
3319:
3318:
3314:
3304:
3302:
3289:
3288:
3284:
3275:
3271:
3266:
3262:
3252:
3250:
3246:
3240:Members.home.nl
3234:
3233:
3229:
3219:
3217:
3213:
3207:Members.home.nl
3201:
3200:
3196:
3186:
3184:
3171:
3170:
3166:
3154:
3147:
3137:Wayback Machine
3128:
3124:
3114:
3112:
3111:on 9 March 2009
3103:
3102:
3098:
3088:
3086:
3077:
3076:
3072:
3062:
3060:
3051:
3050:
3046:
3033:
3032:
3028:
3018:
3016:
3008:
3007:
3003:
2993:
2991:
2983:
2982:
2975:
2965:
2963:
2954:
2953:
2949:
2939:
2937:
2928:
2927:
2923:
2913:
2911:
2897:
2896:
2892:
2887:
2883:
2875:
2868:
2864:
2863:
2859:
2846:
2845:
2841:
2828:
2827:
2823:
2813:
2811:
2798:
2797:
2790:
2784:
2780:
2770:
2768:
2763:
2762:
2758:
2748:
2747:
2743:
2736:
2720:
2719:
2715:
2708:
2695:
2694:
2687:
2677:
2675:
2662:
2661:
2657:
2651:Wayback Machine
2642:
2638:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2621:
2617:
2607:
2605:
2601:
2600:
2596:
2586:
2584:
2576:
2575:
2568:
2563:
2540:Master's degree
2535:Graduate degree
2521:
2513:master's degree
2505:Bologna Process
2489:
2487:Bologna Process
2427:
2411:Main articles:
2409:
2352:
2335:
2329:
2320:
2238:
2222:
2217:
2204:
2111:
2105:
2093:
2019:
1998:Bologna Process
1990:lic. Ăšs lettres
1970:
1859:Master's degree
1764:
1694:
1670:Bologna process
1654:
1590:Bologna Process
1586:
1543:
1493:
1477:
1441:
1432:
1400:Bologna process
1389:doctoral degree
1381:master's degree
1375:In Mexico, the
1362:Ingeniero, Ing.
1358:social sciences
1316:academic grades
1218:
1212:
1204:Bhore Committee
1191:limited to the
1188:
1175:
1159:
1131:Master's degree
1123:
1105:
1090:
1084:
1044:medicine doktor
996:Master's degree
976:
956:
936:
916:master's degree
908:
812:While the term
810:
726:
709:
595:, after 1992),
575:, until 1992),
549:Ingénieur civil
535:bachelor-master
431:master's degree
396:
360:
322:
317:
274:expensive gifts
250:
244:
201:
176:when issued by
174:master's degree
166:academic degree
122:
111:
105:
102:
59:
57:
47:
35:
24:
17:
12:
11:
5:
3867:
3866:
3863:
3855:
3854:
3849:
3839:
3838:
3832:
3831:
3828:
3827:
3825:
3824:
3819:
3811:
3805:
3803:
3799:
3798:
3796:
3795:
3790:
3781:
3779:Higher diploma
3776:
3767:
3762:
3757:
3752:
3747:
3742:
3737:
3735:Artist diploma
3732:
3726:
3724:
3723:classification
3718:
3717:
3715:
3714:
3709:
3704:
3699:
3694:
3689:
3683:
3681:
3674:
3670:
3669:
3666:
3665:
3663:
3662:
3657:
3651:
3649:
3642:
3641:
3639:
3638:
3633:
3628:
3619:
3613:
3611:
3601:
3595:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3587:
3585:Honours degree
3582:
3576:
3574:
3567:
3566:
3564:
3563:
3550:
3545:
3539:
3537:
3527:
3521:
3520:
3514:
3512:
3511:
3504:
3497:
3489:
3481:
3480:
3467:
3442:
3423:
3393:
3363:
3338:
3312:
3282:
3269:
3260:
3227:
3194:
3164:
3158:(in Spanish).
3145:
3139:(in Spanish).
3122:
3096:
3085:on 10 May 2012
3070:
3044:
3026:
3001:
2973:
2947:
2921:
2890:
2881:
2857:
2839:
2821:
2788:
2778:
2756:
2741:
2734:
2722:Herman Bavinck
2713:
2706:
2685:
2655:
2636:
2615:
2594:
2565:
2564:
2562:
2559:
2558:
2557:
2552:
2547:
2542:
2537:
2532:
2527:
2520:
2517:
2493:European Union
2488:
2485:
2464:The degree of
2408:
2405:
2404:
2403:
2395:
2391:
2372:
2371:
2368:
2351:
2348:
2331:Main article:
2328:
2325:
2319:
2316:
2289:
2288:
2281:
2274:
2267:
2260:
2249:
2237:
2234:
2221:
2218:
2216:
2213:
2203:
2200:
2169:in Spain, the
2126:, such as the
2104:
2101:
2092:
2089:
2018:
2017:United Kingdom
2015:
1969:
1966:
1766:In Spain, the
1763:
1760:
1693:
1690:
1653:
1650:
1585:
1582:
1551:Bologna system
1542:
1539:
1492:
1489:
1476:
1473:
1440:
1437:
1431:
1428:
1410:. The Mexican
1370:BiĂłlogo, Biol.
1364:), architect (
1211:
1208:
1187:
1184:
1174:
1171:
1158:
1155:
1122:
1119:
1083:
1080:
975:
972:
955:
952:
935:
932:
907:
904:
842:also offers a
809:
806:
725:
722:
708:
705:
663:. The Belgian
540:Civil engineer
425:, abbreviated
395:
392:
359:
356:
321:
318:
316:
313:
243:
240:
200:
197:
124:
123:
106:September 2011
38:
36:
29:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
3865:
3864:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3844:
3842:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3816:
3812:
3810:
3807:
3806:
3804:
3800:
3794:
3791:
3789:
3785:
3782:
3780:
3777:
3775:
3771:
3768:
3766:
3763:
3761:
3758:
3756:
3753:
3751:
3748:
3746:
3743:
3741:
3738:
3736:
3733:
3731:
3728:
3727:
3725:
3719:
3713:
3710:
3708:
3705:
3703:
3700:
3698:
3695:
3693:
3690:
3688:
3685:
3684:
3682:
3678:
3675:
3671:
3661:
3658:
3656:
3653:
3652:
3650:
3647:
3643:
3637:
3634:
3632:
3631:Diplom degree
3629:
3627:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3614:
3612:
3609:
3605:
3602:
3600:
3596:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3575:
3572:
3568:
3562:
3558:
3554:
3551:
3549:
3546:
3544:
3541:
3540:
3538:
3535:
3531:
3528:
3526:
3525:Undergraduate
3522:
3518:
3510:
3505:
3503:
3498:
3496:
3491:
3490:
3487:
3477:
3471:
3468:
3456:
3452:
3446:
3443:
3439:
3436:
3432:
3427:
3424:
3411:
3407:
3403:
3397:
3394:
3381:
3377:
3373:
3367:
3364:
3352:
3348:
3342:
3339:
3326:
3322:
3316:
3313:
3300:
3296:
3292:
3286:
3283:
3279:
3273:
3270:
3264:
3261:
3245:
3241:
3237:
3231:
3228:
3212:
3208:
3204:
3198:
3195:
3182:
3178:
3174:
3168:
3165:
3161:
3157:
3152:
3150:
3146:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3131:
3126:
3123:
3110:
3106:
3100:
3097:
3084:
3080:
3074:
3071:
3058:
3054:
3048:
3045:
3040:
3036:
3030:
3027:
3015:
3011:
3005:
3002:
2990:
2986:
2980:
2978:
2974:
2961:
2957:
2951:
2948:
2935:
2931:
2925:
2922:
2909:
2905:
2901:
2894:
2891:
2885:
2882:
2874:
2867:
2861:
2858:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2840:
2835:
2831:
2825:
2822:
2809:
2805:
2801:
2795:
2793:
2789:
2782:
2779:
2766:
2760:
2757:
2752:
2745:
2742:
2737:
2735:9789004442016
2731:
2727:
2723:
2717:
2714:
2709:
2707:9789004410138
2703:
2699:
2692:
2690:
2686:
2673:
2669:
2665:
2659:
2656:
2652:
2648:
2645:
2640:
2637:
2625:
2619:
2616:
2604:
2598:
2595:
2583:
2579:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2560:
2556:
2553:
2551:
2548:
2546:
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2533:
2531:
2528:
2526:
2523:
2522:
2518:
2516:
2514:
2510:
2506:
2502:
2498:
2494:
2491:In 2003, the
2486:
2484:
2482:
2477:
2475:
2471:
2467:
2462:
2460:
2456:
2452:
2448:
2443:
2439:
2435:
2430:
2426:
2422:
2418:
2414:
2406:
2400:
2396:
2392:
2389:
2385:
2382:
2381:
2380:
2378:
2369:
2366:
2365:
2364:
2362:
2357:
2349:
2347:
2345:
2341:
2334:
2326:
2324:
2317:
2315:
2311:
2309:
2304:
2302:
2298:
2294:
2286:
2282:
2279:
2275:
2272:
2268:
2265:
2261:
2258:
2254:
2250:
2247:
2243:
2240:
2239:
2236:Great Britain
2235:
2233:
2231:
2227:
2219:
2214:
2212:
2210:
2201:
2199:
2197:
2192:
2191:Regis College
2188:
2184:
2180:
2176:
2172:
2168:
2165:in Rome, the
2164:
2163:
2157:
2153:
2149:
2145:
2141:
2137:
2133:
2129:
2125:
2121:
2116:
2110:
2102:
2100:
2098:
2090:
2088:
2086:
2082:
2077:
2075:
2071:
2067:
2062:
2060:
2056:
2052:
2047:
2042:
2040:
2036:
2032:
2027:
2024:
2016:
2014:
2012:
2008:
2006:
2001:
1999:
1995:
1991:
1987:
1983:
1979:
1975:
1967:
1965:
1963:
1957:
1955:
1951:
1947:
1943:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1927:
1923:
1919:
1915:
1911:
1908:
1903:
1899:
1894:
1892:
1891:Licenciaturas
1888:
1884:
1880:
1875:
1872:
1868:
1864:
1860:
1856:
1852:
1848:
1843:
1841:
1837:
1833:
1832:Licenciaturas
1829:
1825:
1821:
1817:
1813:
1809:
1805:
1800:
1796:
1792:
1788:
1783:
1781:
1777:
1774:degree and a
1773:
1769:
1761:
1759:
1757:
1753:
1749:
1743:
1740:
1734:
1728:
1723:
1719:
1714:
1711:
1707:
1703:
1699:
1691:
1689:
1687:
1683:
1679:
1675:
1671:
1667:
1663:
1659:
1651:
1649:
1647:
1642:
1638:
1634:
1630:
1627:is the first
1626:
1622:
1617:
1615:
1611:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1598:Licenciaturas
1595:
1591:
1583:
1581:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1568:s degree. In
1567:
1565:
1560:
1556:
1552:
1548:
1540:
1538:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1524:
1519:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1504:
1502:
1498:
1490:
1488:
1486:
1482:
1474:
1472:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1458:
1454:
1453:undergraduate
1450:
1446:
1438:
1436:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1421:
1417:
1413:
1409:
1405:
1401:
1396:
1394:
1390:
1386:
1382:
1378:
1373:
1371:
1367:
1363:
1359:
1355:
1351:
1348:(abbreviated
1347:
1343:
1338:
1336:
1332:
1328:
1324:
1319:
1317:
1313:
1309:
1305:
1301:
1296:
1294:
1290:
1286:
1282:
1278:
1274:
1270:
1266:
1262:
1258:
1254:
1250:
1246:
1242:
1238:
1233:
1231:
1227:
1226:undergraduate
1223:
1217:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1200:
1198:
1194:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1172:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1156:
1154:
1152:
1148:
1144:
1140:
1136:
1132:
1128:
1120:
1118:
1116:
1111:
1103:
1099:
1095:
1089:
1081:
1079:
1077:
1073:
1068:
1063:
1058:
1051:
1049:
1045:
1041:
1037:
1033:
1029:
1025:
1020:
1015:
1010:
1003:
1001:
997:
993:
989:
980:
973:
971:
969:
965:
961:
953:
951:
949:
945:
941:
933:
931:
928:
924:
922:
917:
913:
905:
903:
901:
896:
894:
890:
886:
882:
878:
873:
871:
867:
863:
859:
855:
851:
849:
845:
841:
837:
833:
829:
825:
823:
819:
815:
807:
805:
803:
799:
795:
791:
787:
783:
779:
775:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
750:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
723:
721:
718:
714:
706:
704:
702:
698:
694:
690:
686:
682:
678:
674:
670:
666:
662:
658:
654:
650:
646:
642:
638:
634:
630:
626:
622:
618:
614:
612:
606:
604:
598:
597:Doctor of Law
594:
590:
586:
582:
578:
574:
569:
563:
558:
554:
550:
546:
542:
541:
536:
532:
528:
526:
521:in Dutch and
519:
514:
510:
506:
503:in Dutch and
502:
498:
494:
490:
487:in Dutch and
486:
482:
478:
474:
470:
469:
464:
460:
457:in Dutch and
456:
452:
448:
444:
441:in Dutch and
440:
436:
432:
428:
424:
420:
416:
412:
408:
404:
401:
393:
391:
389:
385:
381:
376:
371:
369:
365:
357:
355:
353:
349:
345:
341:
336:
331:
327:
319:
314:
312:
310:
305:
302:
298:
293:
290:
285:
283:
279:
275:
271:
267:
263:
259:
255:
249:
241:
239:
237:
236:
231:
230:
225:
224:
219:
218:
213:
209:
206:
198:
196:
193:
191:
187:
186:Latin America
183:
179:
175:
171:
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