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469:, had to be made by the "bit-by-bit" process, that is, small pieces were forged separately and finally welded together. A key feature of his machine was that the operator controlled the force of each blow. He enjoyed showing off its capability by demonstrating how it could first break an egg placed in a wine glass, without breaking the glass, which was followed by a full-force blow which shook the building. Its advantages soon became so obvious that before long Nasmyth hammers were to be found in all the large workshops all over the country.
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to stay the night and visit the works the next day. That evening he met Hartop's family and was immediately smitten by his 21-year-old daughter, Anne. A decisive man, the next day he told her of his feelings and intentions, which was received "in the best spirit that I could desire." He then communicated the same to her parents, and told them his prospects, and so became betrothed in the same day. They were married two years later, on 16 June 1840 in
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635:(1840–1899). This book contains an interesting series of "lunar" photographs: because photography was not yet advanced enough to take pictures at very high magnification directly of the Moon itself, Nasmyth built plaster relief scale models based on his visual observations of the Moon and then photographed the models under electric illumination, replicating the shadows of the topographic contours he observed on the Moon. A
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267:'s workshop and resolved to get employment there; unfortunately his father could not afford to place him as an apprentice at Maudslay's works. Nasmyth therefore decided instead to show Maudslay examples of his skills and produced a complete working model of a high-pressure steam engine, creating the working drawings and constructing the components himself.
429:. However, the Schneiders hesitated to build Bourdon's radical new machine. Bourdon and Eugène Schneider visited the Nasmyth works in England in the middle of 1840, where they were shown Nasmyth's sketch. This confirmed the feasibility of the concept to Schneider. In 1840 Bourdon built the first steam hammer in the world at the
587:. A reluctant patentor, and in this instance still working through some problems in his method, Nasmyth abandoned the project after hearing of Bessemer's ideas in 1856. Bessemer, however, acknowledged the efforts of Nasmyth by offering him a one-third share of the value of his patent for the eponymous
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in a snowstorm, when he spied some ironwork furnaces in the distance. The coachman informed him that they were managed by a Mr. Hartop who was one of his customers. He immediately got off the coach and headed for the furnaces through the deep snow. He found Mr. Hartop at his house, and was invited
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works. On going round the works, he found the steam-hammer at work. By his account, Bourdon took him to the forge department so he might, as he said, "see his own child". Nasmyth said "there it was, in truth–a thumping child of my brain!" Nasmyth patented his design in June 1842 using money
406:. He kept his ideas for new devices, mostly in drawings, in a "Scheme Book" which he freely showed to his foreign customers. Nasmyth made a sketch of his steam hammer design dated 24 November 1839, but the immediate need disappeared when the practicality of screw propellers was demonstrated and the
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Nasmyth was also one of the first toolmakers to offer a standardised range of machine tools; before this, manufacturers constructed tools according to individual clients' specifications with little regard to standardisation, which caused compatibility problems. Nasmyth was arguably the last of the
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which he invented in 1843. His first full scale machine used a four-ton hammer-block, and a rate of eighty blows per minute. The pile driver was first demonstrated in a contest with a team using the conventional method at
Devonport on 3 July 1845. He drove a pile 70 feet long and 18 inches
657:. The huge memorial stands at the east end of the main east–west path, with the path dividing around it. The monument holds a well-carved model of his steam hammer. James' mother, Barbara Foulis (1765-1848) is buried with them. The monument also stands as a memorial to his brother,
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squared in four and a half minutes, while the conventional method required twelve hours. This was a great success, and many orders for his pile driver resulted. It was used for many large scale constructions all over the world in the next few years, such as the
263:, making him one of the first students of the institution). In 1828 he made a complete steam carriage that was capable of running a mile carrying 8 passengers. This accomplishment increased his desire to become a mechanical engineer. He had heard of the fame of
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In May 1829, Nasmyth visited
Maudslay in London, and after showing him his work was engaged as an assistant workman at 10 shillings a week. Unfortunately, Maudslay died two years later, whereupon Nasmyth was taken on by Maudslay's partner as a
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Among
Nasmyth's other inventions, most of which he never patented, were a means of transmitting rotary motion by means of a flexible shaft made of coiled wire, a machine for cutting key grooves, self-adjusting bearings, and the
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The combination of massive castings and a wooden floor was not an ideal one, and after an accident involving one end of an engine beam crashing through the floor into a glass cutters flat below he soon relocated. He moved to
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and there he gradually learned to work and turn in wood, brass, iron, and steel. In 1820 he left the High School and again made great use of his father's workshop where at the age of 17, he made his first steam engine.
391:; when even the largest hammer was tilted to its full height its range was so small that if a really large piece of work were placed on the anvil, the hammer had no room to fall, and in 1838 the company's engineer (
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When
Nasmyth was 23 years old, having saved the sum of ÂŁ69, he decided to set up in business on his own. He rented a factory flat 130 feet long by 27 feet wide at an old cotton mill on Dale Street, Manchester.
445:'s husband William Bennett. He built his first steam hammer later that year in his Patricroft foundry. In 1843 a dispute broke out between the two engineers over priority of invention of the steam hammer.
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The
Repertory of Patent Inventions: And Other Discoveries and Improvements in Arts, Manufactures, and Agriculture; Being a Continuation, on an Enlarged Plan, of the Repertory of Arts & Manufactures
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The first hammers were of the free-fall type but they were later modified, given power-assisted fall. Up until then, the invention of
Nasmyth's steam-hammer, large forging, such as ships'
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were no longer novel by 1830, an example built by
Nasmyth around that time stands out for its prescience. It was tooled to mill the six sides of a hex nut that was mounted in a six-way
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An original
Nasmyth hammer now stands facing Nasmyth's Patricroft foundry buildings (now a 'business park'). A larger Nasmyth & Wilson steam hammer stands in the campus of the
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By 1856 a total of 490 hammers had been produced which were sold across Europe to Russia, India and even
Australia, and accounted for 40% of James Nasmyth and Company's revenues.
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Nasmyth retired from business in 1856 when he was 48 years old, as he said "I have now enough of this world's goods: let younger men have their chance". He settled down near
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which used water pressure to force tight-fitting machine parts together. All of these machines became popular in manufacturing, and all are still in use in modified form.
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came up with the similar idea of what he called a "Pilon" in 1839 and made detailed drawings of his design, which he also showed to all engineers who visited the works at
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In April 1842 Nasmyth visited France with a view to supplying the French arsenals and dockyards with tools and while he was there took the opportunity to visit the
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Up to 1843, Nasmyth, Gaskell & Co. concentrated on producing a wide range of machine tools in large numbers. By 1856, Nasmyth had built 236 shaping machines.
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and he employed nearly all his spare time in his workshop where he encouraged his youngest son to work with him in all sorts of materials. James was sent to the
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works at Le
Creusot. It weighed 2,500 kilograms (5,500 lb) and lifted to 2 metres (6 ft 7 in). The Schneiders patented the design in 1841.
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where he had as a friend, Jimmy Patterson, the son of a local iron founder. Being already interested in mechanics he spent much of his time at the
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By using the hammer, production costs could be reduced by over 50 percent, while at the same time improving the quality of the forgings produced.
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for moving molten metal which could safely and efficiently be handled by two men instead of the six previously required. Nasmyth's idea of a
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In memory of his renowned contribution to the discipline of mechanical engineering, the Department of Mechanical Engineering building at
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199:) (19 August 1808 – 7 May 1890) was a Scottish engineer, philosopher, artist and inventor famous for his development of the
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He also worked on a project for the conversion of iron which was not dis-similar to that which was eventually patented by
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In 1840 he began to receive orders from the newly opened railways which were beginning to cover the country, for
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of unusual size and power which were required for the construction of the engines of their next and bigger ship
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In 1837, the Great Western Steam Company was experiencing many problems forging the paddle shaft of the
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Apart from the steam hammer, Nasmyth created several other important machine tools, including the
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Cantrell, J. A. (2006). "James Nasmyth and the Bridgewater Foundry: Partners and Partnerships".
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Lord, W. M. (1945). "The Development of the Bessemer Process in Lancashire, 1856–1900".
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The milling machine built by James Nasmyth between 1829 and 1831, with indexing fixture.
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Musson, A. E. (1957). "James Nasmyth and the Early Growth of Mechanical Engineering".
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From 1821 to 1826, Nasmyth regularly attended the Edinburgh School of Arts (today
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This article is about the Scottish engineer. For the inventor of basketball, see
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Nasmyth thought the matter over and seeing the obvious defects of the
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was a landscape and portrait painter. One of Alexander's hobbies was
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Nasmyth subsequently applied the principle of his steam hammer to a
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47 York Place, Edinburgh, Plaque commemorating James Nasmyth's birth
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In 1844 he, together with engineer Charles May, patented the first
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1031:. Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA, and London, England: MIT Press.
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Transactions of the Lancashire and Cheshire Historical Society
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The Moon: Considered as a Planet, a World, and a Satellite
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Drawing of a crater on the surface of the Moon by Nasmyth
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He was happily married to his wife Anne, from Woodburn,
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In March 1838 James was making a journey by coach from
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James Nasmyth's patent steam hammer as illustrated in
27:. For the Member of Parliament for Peeblesshire, see
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The grave of James Nasmyth and family, Dean Cemetery
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People educated at the Royal High School, Edinburgh
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Industrial Biography - Iron Workers and Tool Makers
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Science and technology in the Industrial Revolution
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Archives Départementales numérisées de la Côte d’Or
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365:and New York, led to him being asked to make some
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942:Musson, Albert Edward; Robinson, Eric (1969).
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211:. He retired at the age of 48, and moved to
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1111:"James Nasmyth and the Liverpool Iron Trade"
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649:They are buried in the north section of the
361:had been so successful in voyages between
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970:James Nasmyth Engineer: An Autobiography
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1219:Bibliomania: Full text of autobiography
1027:Studies in the History of Machine Tools
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455:Tomlinson's Cyclopaedia of Useful Arts
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1244:19th-century Scottish businesspeople
1002:. The Science Museum. Archived from
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776:François BOURDON: Archives Côte d’Or
1289:People of the Industrial Revolution
235:Nasmyth was born at 47 York Place,
174:James Nasmyth and Company (1850–56)
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538:making. Another innovation was a
1254:Alumni of Heriot-Watt University
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1023:History of the Milling Machine.
978:Smiles, Samuel (2015). "Ch.XV".
870:"Who Invented the Steam Hammer?"
639:on the Moon is named after him.
318:Liverpool and Manchester Railway
1210:Works by or about James Nasmyth
619:, in the process inventing the
23:. For the Scottish lawyer, see
1000:"Nasmyth steam hammer, c.1850"
410:was converted to that design.
29:Sir James Nasmyth, 2nd Baronet
25:Sir James Nasmyth, 1st Baronet
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1019:Woodbury, Robert S. (1972) .
887:Railway Locomotives and Cars
615:. He built his own 20-inch
291:James Nasmyth circa 1844 by
205:Nasmyth, Gaskell and Company
170:Nasmyth, Gaskell and Company
1294:People of the Victorian era
1131:The Economic History Review
203:. He was the co-founder of
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350:. His connection with the
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883:"Notes on Steam Hammers"
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1201:Works by James Nasmyth
1193:Quotations related to
1109:Dickinson, R. (1956).
973:. London: John Murray.
881:Chomienne, C. (1888).
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812:Nasmyth steam hammer
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481:pile-driving machine
474:University of Bolton
413:The French engineer
1264:Hydraulic engineers
889:. Simmons-Boardman.
735:MussonRobinson 1969
490:Newcastle upon Tyne
431:Schneider & Cie
314:Bridgewater Foundry
187:(sometimes spelled
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1038:978-0-262-73033-4
991:978-1-4733-7118-7
955:978-0-7190-0370-7
486:High Level Bridge
393:Francis Humphries
322:Bridgewater Canal
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