22:
384:. Following Solis' defeat, he was captured and returned to Monterey. While Pattie accurately documents the events of the revolution, he falsely claims that he led the party to capture Solis. In actuality, Pattie was not involved in the revolution, and he spent months waiting for a passenger ship in Monterey. He used this time to hunt otter nearby, earning $ 300 that he used to finance part of his journey.
241:. Since this journey amounts to around 2000 miles of travel in 85 days, Pattie's account is almost certainly false. In all likelihood, Pattie was reciting the names of rivers he had learned from other trappers, and the party only briefly ventured away from the Colorado when they reached the impassable
316:
Only three members of the original party survived and returned to San Diego several weeks later. A spring flood had destroyed the entire cache of furs, and the traps they recovered were sold to pay for the horses and mules they had used. Pattie claims they were again disarmed and imprisoned, yet this
248:
When the party reached the Zuni village, multiple members had died, and the survivors were suffering from near starvation. However, the expedition was an immense success as they returned with furs worth almost $ 20,000. Yet upon the party's return to Santa Fe in August, soldiers seized the furs under
301:
Upon reaching San Diego, the
Patties and their party were disarmed and imprisoned under suspicion of forging their passport. The elder Pattie had fallen ill prior to their arrival, and his condition gradually worsened in prison. Sylvester died on April 24 and was buried shortly thereafter, becoming
402:
for trial. Pattie met with
Echeandia once more to air his grievances and obtain a passport for Mexico. While Echeandia understood Pattie's complaints about his previous imprisonment, he denied any wrongdoing, claiming that he was only following the law. Nevertheless, he issued Pattie his passport,
178:
over the course of a few months from Juan Onis, who had previously operated the mine. Pattie eventually became fluent enough to serve as an interpreter in his later travels. In addition, Pattie became better able to distinguish the indigenous tribes of the
Southwest, which proved useful during his
273:
On the way down the Gila River to
California, half the trappers deserted, and every pack animal the party had either died, got lost or was stolen by the same Yuma Indians that had treated Pattie kindly the year prior. The remaining eight members of the expedition constructed makeshift canoes and
344:
The more likely possibility is that Pattie had heard about the epidemic and inserted himself in a lead role when retelling the story. The vaccination story serves to cast Pattie's ensuing travels in
California in a heroic light, but he probably spent much of the next year destitute. He traveled
269:
The party successfully evaded the governor after returning to Santa Fe and made a decent profit from selling their furs. From there, they returned to Santa Rita. Shortly thereafter a
Spanish bookkeeper stole $ 30,000 from Pattie's father, effectively bankrupting the Patties. In September 1827,
313:. While waiting for the party, Pattie relayed the story of his travels, his imprisonment and his father's death to Bradshaw. Pattie's brief account was published a year later in a St. Louis newspaper, giving his remaining family their first news of either Pattie since 1824.
266:. Although most of the party survived, Pattie was wounded in the hip and the chest by arrows. On the return journey, the party encountered a group of Navajo who had been tracking the Mescalero, and whose medicine man treated Pattie's wounds in exchange for Mescalero scalps.
352:
Pattie spent the remainder of 1829 exploring the coast of
California, and while his claims of vaccinating people along the way is likely false, his descriptions of the missions and settlements in the region are detailed and accurate. Pattie traveled as far north as the
445:
at which Pattie could formally lodge his complaints. While
Bustamante was sympathetic to Pattie's situation, he did not offer any recompense. However, he did inform Pattie that Echeandia had been replaced as territorial governor due to undisclosed transgressions.
71:
has been praised by historians for its vivid descriptions of the
Southwest, but the veracity of Pattie's account is disputed. While the general nature of the events described are widely accepted, Pattie likely embellished his role in such events.
423:, Mexico. Pattie did not go on any expeditions in Mexico, but he did plan to stop in Mexico City in an attempt to receive compensation for his imprisonment under Echeandia. Upon reaching Mexico City in early June, Pattie met with the American
150:
In April, the
Patties arrived back at the Santa Rita mine, where the proprietor offered Sylvester control of operations. The elder Pattie managed the mine profitably with two partners until 1827, leaving James to trap on his own.
198:, whom Pattie and another trapper in his party, George Yount, had heard about and considered hostile. Indeed, the band attacked Pattie's party the morning after their arrival, but the Mohave were easily forced to retreat.
261:
after arriving in Santa Fe in an attempt to replace some of his lost goods. Composed of Pattie and fifteen other Americans, the Pecos expedition was attacked by Indians, whom Pattie accurately recognized as a band of
147:. Their luck turned around in the early months of 1826, and by late March the group had cached hundreds of beaver pelts along the river with hopes of returning once they could acquire pack animals to carry the load.
143:, but they met little success. The group encountered bears, small bands of raiding Indians and bouts of disease and starvation, and by the beginning of 1826, they had resorted to eating their own horses as well as a
278:, where the powerful surf forced the Patties to leave their boats a few miles upriver. They had amassed hundreds of furs, worth between $ 25,000–$ 30,000, which they cached near the river in February 1827.
113:-bound pack train led by Sylvester Pratte. Due to his military background, the elder Pattie was invited to take command of the group, which consisted of 116 men and over three hundred horses and mules.
453:. Although Pattie was essentially broke by the time he arrived in Vera Cruz, the American consul there, Isaac Stone, arranged for his free passage to the US. On July 17, 1830, Pattie boarded the ship
317:
is likely an exaggeration. However, Echeandia required the trappers to remain in San Diego and did not allow Pattie to leave the city until February or March 1829, almost a year after his arrival.
201:
Following the skirmish with the Mohave, Pattie's account of the expedition becomes unusually vague, especially considering the vast distance it allegedly covered. After traveling the Colorado into
167:
signed at the mine on June 14. The expedition returned in early July without a single pelt after discovering that Indians had taken the cached furs, which were likely worth thousands of dollars.
309:, who had offered to purchase Pattie's furs should they be retrieved. Echeandia agreed to allow the trappers to return to the cache under the condition that Pattie remain in San Diego as a
170:
With the fall trapping season still months away, Pattie spent the summer of 1826 employed at the mine, earning one dollar a day in exchange for protecting the mine from
519:, Pattie's account of his time in the Southwest. Despite Flint's previous success as an author, the book did not garner much attention save for a brief mention in the
182:
Despite his father's insistence that James stay at the mine through the winter, Pattie set out in January 1827, intending to travel the Gila to its junction with the
139:
copper mines, where they stopped briefly for supplies. They spent the winter trapping beaver on the Gila River as far west as the Salt River Junction near modern-day
257:
Although the dates Pattie provides for his travels in the spring and summer of 1827 are confusing and likely inaccurate, he did lead a brief hunting trip along the
174:
raids. Pattie acquired several valuable skills from his interactions with the diverse peoples passing through the Santa Rita area, and he claims he learned spoken
124:. While their request was initially denied, James claimed the group was granted a license to trap after rescuing the governor's daughter from a nearby band of
109:, the Patties were told they could go no farther up the Missouri without a permit. Rather than returning to St. Louis, the elder Pattie elected to join a
341:, not smallpox. Furthermore, the outbreak began in October 1827, several months before Pattie arrived in San Diego, and it had ended by June 1828.
1430:
1342:
539:
190:
village at the mouth of the Colorado gathering supplies before heading several miles up the river, where they met and traded with a group of
175:
163:
fork to retrieve the cached furs. While this expedition did occur, Pattie was most likely not present, since he served as a witness to a
206:
1314:
398:. In addition to allowing Pattie to join the vessel, Jones offered to transport Solis and several other revolutionary leaders to
290:
1440:
305:
Following his father's death, James served as a translator between Echeandia and John Bradshaw, captain of the American vessel
478:, who had grown up fifteen miles from Pattie's father and knew some of Pattie's family, offered to pay for his passage up the
282:
345:
northward with his three remaining companions to Los Angeles, where all except Pattie quickly settled down and married into
1435:
531:
483:
1352:
Kroeber, A. L. (Summer 1964). "The Route of James O. Pattie on the Colorado in 1826: A Reappraisal by A. L. Kroeber".
527:
128:. However, this story was likely fabricated, and the Patties probably commenced trapping along the Gila illegally.
53:
1445:
538:, in 1833, and his total taxable property consisted of two horses valued at $ 75 together. California politician
428:
381:
160:
535:
468:
announced his return. Again Pattie did not have the funds to travel the remainder of the way to Kentucky, but
424:
388:
21:
1382:
Valle, Rosemary K. (Spring 1973). "James Ohio Pattie and the 1827–1828 Alta California Measles Epidemic".
362:
289:
in late spring 1828, where the Patties were detained and questioned by a California territorial governor,
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391:
358:
49:
116:
The group reached Santa Fe in November 1825, where they petitioned the governor for permission to trap
1425:
547:
442:
366:
110:
102:
512:, and Pattie and Flint agreed to meet later so that Pattie could dictate the story of his travels.
377:
1399:
1361:
1001:
475:
432:
275:
270:
Sylvester secured a passport in Santa Fe, which the Patties intended to use to reach California.
693:
285:. After requesting to purchase horses to retrieve their cached furs, the party was escorted to
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420:
218:
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435:
222:
140:
125:
86:
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57:
249:
order of the governor in Santa Fe, who accused the party of trapping without a license.
354:
226:
183:
98:
94:
1414:
543:
373:
334:
214:
195:
159:
In June 1826, Pattie claims he took part in an expedition down the Gila River to the
515:
Pattie returned to Augusta on August 30, 1830. The following year, Flint published
505:
242:
210:
144:
41:
33:
63:
In 1831, Pattie collaborated with Kentucky newspaperman Timothy Flint to publish
458:
399:
258:
234:
187:
45:
509:
238:
136:
132:
121:
526:
The details of the rest of Pattie's life are sparse. For a time, he attended
337:
coast. While there had been a recent epidemic in California, the culprit was
281:
The group then traveled west in stages among several Spanish settlements and
469:
286:
263:
90:
326:
131:
From Santa Fe, Sylvester, James and three guides traveled south down the
37:
1403:
1365:
608:
The Swallowing Wilderness: The Life of a Frontiersman: James Ohio Pattie
449:
Bustamante granted Pattie a passport to return home through the port of
338:
330:
310:
230:
1395:
472:
380:
arose in Monterey before traveling south to meet Echeandia's army at
202:
171:
117:
325:
Pattie says that he was released by Echeandia due to an outbreak of
329:
in the winter of 1828–29, and he had been hired by the governor to
20:
464:
The day after Pattie arrived in New Orleans two weeks later, the
25:
Pattie wounded by an Indian arrow in 1827, from his autobiography
106:
1006:
San Diego History Center | San Diego, CA | Our City, Our Story
221:
rivers. Pattie claims the party ventured as far north as the
530:
in Kentucky. The last documented evidence of Pattie is on a
438:, who had urged Butler to try to free Pattie from prison.
40:. Between 1824 and 1830, Pattie took part in a series of
302:
the first recorded American to be buried in California.
274:
floated down the Colorado River until they reached the
194:
Indians. A week later, the party encountered a band of
1375:
The Personal Narrative of James O. Pattie of Kentucky
1188:
1186:
1184:
517:
The Personal Narrative of James O. Pattie of Kentucky
65:
The Personal Narrative of James O. Pattie of Kentucky
1335:The Mountain Men and the Fur Trade of the Far West
1307:American Ecclesiastes: The Stories of James Pattie
441:Butler arranged a meeting with Mexican president
205:territory, the expedition allegedly crossed the
694:"Santa Rita del Cobre – New Mexico History.org"
550:, but this claim has never been corroborated.
1333:Hafen, Ann W. (1966). Hafen, LeRoy R. (ed.).
431:. Butler presented Pattie with a letter from
8:
1002:"MS 31 Pattie Party Memorial Plaque Records"
1309:. Orlando, FL: Harcourt Brace Jovanovich.
1373:Pattie, James O.; Flint, Timothy (1831).
1337:. Glendale, CA: Arthur H. Clark Company.
500:While Pattie was on his way back home to
209:and turned northward, trapping along the
101:tribes. Upon reaching a military post at
415:Nine days after departing Monterey, the
253:1827–28: Pecos, Gila and Colorado Rivers
559:
411:1830: Mexico and Pattie's return voyage
870:
868:
866:
829:
827:
808:
806:
742:
740:
712:
710:
7:
565:
563:
32:(c. 1804 – c. 1850) was an American
81:1824–1826: Missouri and Gila Rivers
16:American frontiersman from Kentucky
542:claimed to have met Pattie in the
186:. The party spent a few days in a
93:in June 1824, traveling along the
14:
523:calling the book "interesting."
1384:California Historical Quarterly
1377:. Cincinnati, OH: John H. Wood.
1328:. New York, NY: The Century Co.
1324:Bechdolt, Frederick R. (1930).
394:arrived in Monterey aboard the
135:before turning west toward the
1431:American expatriates in Mexico
610:. Thomas Yoseloff. p. 11.
407:left Monterey on May 9, 1830.
1:
606:Coblentz, Stanton A. (1961).
546:mountains in 1849 during the
504:, Johnston introduced him to
410:
365:, before returning south to
333:every Californian along the
821:Kroeber (1964), pp. 131–32.
674:Batman (1984), pp. 129–130.
656:Batman (1984), pp. 116–118.
629:Bechdolt (1930), pp. 125–26
369:to book passage to Mexico.
1462:
1291:Batman (1984), pp. 313–14.
1264:Batman (1984), pp. 309–10.
1210:Batman (1984), pp. 295–96.
1201:Pattie (1831), pp. 244–45.
1178:Batman (1984), pp. 293–94.
1133:Pattie (1831), pp. 228–29.
1115:Batman (1984), pp. 269–73.
1106:Batman (1984), pp. 265–68.
1097:Batman (1984), pp. 263–64.
1088:Batman (1984), pp. 260–61.
1034:Batman (1984), pp. 246–49.
982:Batman (1984), pp. 224–25.
901:Batman (1984), pp. 196–97.
892:Batman (1984), pp. 186–87.
860:Batman (1984), pp. 184–85.
638:Hafen (1966), pp. 233–234.
361:, about 90 miles north of
179:next trapping expedition.
1282:Hafen (1966), pp. 249–50.
1043:Batman (1984), pp. 252–53
647:Pattie (1831), pp. 50–52.
578:Hafen (1966), pp. 249–250
321:1829–30: California coast
1305:Batman, Richard (1984).
928:Bechdolt (1930), p. 142.
910:Bechdolt (1930), p. 141.
536:Bracken County, Kentucky
387:In March 1830, American
67:describing his travels.
48:, traveling through the
620:Kroeber (1964), p. 120.
291:José Maria de Echeandia
155:1826–27: Colorado River
85:Pattie and his father,
1441:People from California
1326:Giants of the Old West
1273:Batman (1984), p. 313.
1255:Batman (1984), p. 312.
1246:Pattie (1831), p. 252.
1237:Batman (1984), p. 302.
1228:Batman (1984), p. 301.
1219:Batman (1984), p. 299.
1169:Batman (1984), p. 284.
1160:Batman (1984), p. 281.
1151:Batman (1984), p. 280.
1124:Batman (1984), p. 275.
1061:Pattie (1831), p. 205.
1052:Batman (1984), p. 261.
991:Pattie (1831), p. 173.
955:Batman (1984), p. 212.
937:Batman (1984), p. 203.
919:Pattie (1831), p. 133.
883:Pattie (1831), p. 117.
851:Pattie (1831), p. 115.
842:Pattie (1831), p. 102.
833:Batman (1984), p. 180.
812:Pattie (1831), p. 100.
800:Batman (1984), p. 177.
782:Batman (1984), p. 175.
764:Batman (1984), p. 185.
755:Batman (1984), p. 148.
734:Batman (1984), p. 147.
725:Batman (1984), p. 146.
665:Batman (1984), p. 126.
349:Californian families.
26:
1192:Hafen (1966), p. 249.
1142:Hafen (1966), p. 248.
1025:Hafen (1966), p. 246.
973:Hafen (1966), p. 245.
964:Hafen (1966), p. 244.
946:Hafen (1966), p. 243.
874:Hafen (1966), p. 242.
791:Hafen (1966), p. 239.
773:Pattie (1831), p. 81.
746:Hafen (1966), p. 236.
716:Pattie (1831), p. 74.
683:Pattie (1831), p. 55.
297:1828–29: Imprisonment
24:
1436:People from Kentucky
1354:Arizona and the West
1079:Valle (1973), p. 30.
1070:Valle (1973), p. 28.
596:Batman (1984), p. 20
569:Hafen (1966), p. 232
466:Louisiana Advertiser
443:Anastasio Bustamante
372:In November 1829, a
60:and central Mexico.
56:and into modern-day
587:Batman (1984), p. 8
237:village in western
233:before coming to a
494:Personal Narrative
433:Secretary of state
276:Gulf of California
207:Continental Divide
69:Personal Narrative
27:
1344:978-0-87062-023-2
521:Cincinnati Mirror
508:Timothy Flint in
502:Augusta, Kentucky
496:and disappearance
480:Mississippi River
425:chargé d'affaires
392:John Coffin Jones
30:James Ohio Pattie
1453:
1446:American writers
1407:
1396:10.2307/25157415
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44:and trading
42:fur trapping
34:frontiersman
29:
28:
18:
1426:1851 deaths
482:aboard the
459:New Orleans
419:arrived in
400:Mexico City
357:settlement
259:Pecos River
219:Yellowstone
76:Expeditions
46:expeditions
1415:Categories
554:References
510:Cincinnati
457:bound for
239:New Mexico
223:Clark Fork
137:Santa Rita
133:Rio Grande
122:Gila River
120:along the
699:March 31,
548:Gold Rush
484:steamboat
470:Louisiana
451:Vera Cruz
417:Volunteer
405:Volunteer
396:Volunteer
359:Fort Ross
331:vaccinate
287:San Diego
161:San Pedro
91:St. Louis
87:Sylvester
54:Southwest
1404:25157415
1366:40167806
532:tax list
421:San Blas
403:and the
367:Monterey
347:Catholic
327:smallpox
307:Franklin
283:missions
192:Maricopa
111:Santa Fe
58:northern
38:Kentucky
1299:Sources
473:senator
355:Russian
339:measles
335:Pacific
311:hostage
231:Montana
225:of the
215:Bighorn
176:Spanish
141:Phoenix
1402:
1364:
1341:
1313:
1011:May 1,
389:consul
211:Platte
203:Navajo
196:Mohave
172:Apache
118:beaver
1400:JSTOR
1362:JSTOR
1339:ISBN
1311:ISBN
1013:2020
701:2020
534:for
487:Cora
235:Zuni
217:and
188:Yuma
107:Iowa
52:and
1392:doi
1417::
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1388:52
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
