183:
free enterprise and the importance of industry's participation in the war effort. It was not difficult for the general to convince
Rafferty that his corporation should help the Manhattan Project. "The American chemical industry thus far has benefited tremendously from the stimulating atmosphere of American free enterprise," Rafferty used to say. "During several visits to Europe, I studied industries abroad and compared them with our own. I feel that the well-being and national security of a nation is in proportion to the success and extent of its industries." Rafferty was impressed by Groves's earnest persuasion; he promised to discuss the matter with the top people of those Carbide units that would be involved.
20:
175:"In recognition of his being 'the workhorse of the Carbide backfield,' " read an article in Chemical and Engineering News, "Rafferty was made vice-president of Union Carbide and Carbon Corporation, the parent corporation of all Carbide units, in 1939. This did little to destroy the idea held by some, however, that over 100 men named James A. Rafferty worked for Union Carbide and its many units."
305:
As my final contribution to the rubber program, I want to say to you with all sincerity that had it not been for you and your great organization, the people who look upon rubber as tires would have been forced to the conclusion that the rubber program was more or less of a failure and so I feel it is
164:
had a general rule: always try to deal directly with the person who could issue an order that nobody else could countermand. And this did not necessarily mean the president or the chairman of the board. Every company was run in a different way, and often it took some inquiring to find out who was the
325:
Before winding up my affairs with the synthetic rubber program, I wish to express my appreciation for the magnificent performance of your organization in the production of raw materials for the GR-S . The
Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corporation should be extremely proud of the part it has played in
182:
When Leslie Groves was ushered into
Rafferty's oak-paneled office, the two men liked each other at sight. Groves realized immediately that he was talking to someone who loved action and efficiency, a man who would push things ahead. As for Rafferty, he was a firm believer in the American system of
168:
However, at Union
Carbide, even though it was a huge organization with several, nearly autonomous subsidiaries, Groves did not have to search very far. It was common knowledge at Union Carbide that one of the driving forces behind the company's spectacular growth was the executive vice-president,
178:
An executive with drive and vision, Rafferty contributed tremendously to the birth and fantastic growth of a new industry in
America: synthetics made from petroleum rather than from coal, as they had been formerly. In his field, Rafferty was hailed as one of the great "makers of the chemical
83:
Rafferty became a Vice
President of Union Carbide, the parent company of the CCCC, in 1938, a Director in 1941, and a member of the executive committee in 1944. Rafferty served as Chairman of the Union Carbide's new product development committee until his death on December 19, 1951.
287:: "Of all critical and strategic materials, rubber is the one which presents the greatest threat to the safety of our nation and the success of the Allied cause. If we fail to secure a large new rubber supply quickly, our war effort and domestic economy will collapse."
963:"RUBBER TASK IS MET, SAYS NEW DIRECTOR; Bradley Dewey Tells Chemists Nation Is Now Assured of All Essential Tires ALL MILLS OPEN BY JAN. 1 Dr. Frolich Scoffs at Talk of Oil Running Low, Says 300-Year Supply Is Likely"
80:
in 1939 and
Chairman of Bakelite in 1944. Under Rafferty's leadership, Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corporation went on to become the second largest chemical company in the United States by 1948.
179:
industry." To him the word synthetic denoted something worthy: a material of uniform quality, designed for a particular purpose; a man-made product far superior to a natural material.
306:
fair to say and it is accurate to say that had it not been for the contribution of
Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corporation, this program could not have succeeded. -William M. Jeffers
1077:
962:
682:
445:
1082:
930:
501:
English: A letter from
General Leslie Groves to James A. Rafferty about his contribution to the WWII effort and in particular Uranium enrichment
529:
English: A letter from
Bradley Dewey head of the WW2 rubber board to James A Rafferty about his contribution to the synthetic rubber war effort
1097:
684:
English: A speech given by the President of Union Carbide during the SCI Chemical Industry Award presentation to James A Rafferty in 1948
447:
English: A speech given by the President of Union Carbide during the SCI Chemical Industry Award presentation to James A Rafferty in 1948
140:"No one outside the project can ever appreciate how much we depended on you and how well you performed you well-nigh impossible task."
58:
391:
778:
314:
54:
76:) in 1920. He became vice president in 1924, President in 1929, and chairman of the board in 1944. He was made president of the
42:(aliphatic compounds are one of the two main branches within organic chemistry) and was instrumental in the development of the
586:"J. A. RAFFERTY DIES; INDUSTRIALIST, 65; Outstanding Figure in Atomic Energy and Synthetic Rubber Was Union Carbide Official"
231:
72:
Rafferty became general manager of the newly formed Union Carbide subsidiary, the Carbide and Carbon Chemicals Corporation (
1072:
203:
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the success of the synthetic rubber program. Without you this country might well have met with disaster. - Bradley Dewey
108:
906:
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216:
Mr. James Rafferty, Vice President of Union Carbide - construction and operation of gas diffusion plant in Clinton.
62:
73:
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415:
English: Union Carbide memo describing contributions of James A. Rafferty to the company at the time of his death
864:
268:
production process needed to be invented and commercialized. Rafferty led Union Carbide's efforts in producing
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On June 1, 1945, prominent industrialists, including Rafferty, were invited to the second meeting of the
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Rafferty was born in Chicago, Illinois on May 4, 1886, and studied engineering and chemistry at the
46:
industry. Rafferty directed Union Carbide's collaboration with the United States government for the
931:"SAYS RUBBER MAKING WILL BE SURE IN YEAR; Jeffers Predicts Next Spring Will See Us 'Over the Hump'"
413:
385:
116:
104:
57:(where Rafferty would later become a Trustee). After graduation in 1908, Rafferty worked for the
39:
30:, Vice President, Officers' Committee member, Director, and member of the executive committee of
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English: James A. Rafferty speech during SCI Chemical Industry award presentation in 1948
615:. Illinois Institute of Technology Paul V. Galvin Library. IIT Dept. of Public Relations.
223:- production of basic chemicals and construction of the RDX plant at Holston, Tennessee.
50:
and with the War Production Board for the synthetic rubber program during World War II.
273:
261:
165:
driving spirit, the executive with the real power of authority in a large corporation.
112:
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161:
147:
133:
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38:. Rafferty guided Union Carbide's effort in developing the new industry of synthetic
31:
477:
23:
Portrait of James A. Rafferty (1886-1951), Chemical Industrialist with Union Carbide
238:
260:
After Pearl Harbor, the United States was effectively cut off from its supply of
156:, in his book chronicling the Manhattan Project, had this to say about Rafferty:
143:"Few men were more important in the production of the atomic bomb than he was."
842:
234:
facility at Oak Ridge. In 1947 Union Carbide took over the operation of Y-12.
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974:
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241:
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210:
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Manhattan Project: The Untold Story of the Making of the Atomic Bomb.
479:
Manhattan Project; the untold story of the making of the atomic bomb
115:. This effort culminated in Union Carbide designing (along with the
107:(some of which was mined by another Union Carbide subsidiary: the
18:
198:. The industrialists were introduced to the committee as follows:
890:"THE PRINCIPAL UNCERTAINTY: U.S. ATOMIC INTELLIGENCE, 1942-1949"
120:
779:"General Kenneth Nichols's Interview - Part 3 - Nuclear Museum"
87:
As a result of lifetime achievements, Rafferty was awarded the
206:- manufacture of equipment for the electromagnetic process.
1019:"McGraw-Hill dictionary of scientific and technical terms"
865:"Manhattan Project: Debate Over How to Use the Bomb, 1945"
706:
585:
310:
65:, which later merged with three other companies to become
707:"Honored by U.S. Chemists With '48 Industry Medal"
907:"Lauchlin M. Currie's Interview - Nuclear Museum"
755:"Lauchlin M. Currie's Interview - Nuclear Museum"
248:was produced by another Union Carbide subsidiary
103:, Rafferty directed Union Carbide's efforts to
16:Chemical industrialist working at Union Carbide
803:"Percival Keith's Interview - Nuclear Museum"
612:Industry and Private Educational Institutions
356:Science History Institute Digital Collections
8:
352:"Portrait of James A. Rafferty (1886-1951)"
276:in a synthetic rubber production process.
831:Chemical & Engineering News Archive
336:
317:and the second Rubber Director for the
213:- construction of the Hanford Project.
119:), building, and operating the massive
383:
377:Fortune Magazine 1941-06: Vol 23 Iss 6
256:World War II: Synthetic Rubber Program
209:Mr. Walter S. Carpenter, President of
676:
674:
624:
622:
59:People's Gas, Light, and Coke Company
7:
1078:20th-century American businesspeople
731:"James A. Rafferty - Nuclear Museum"
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202:Mr. George H. Bucher, President of
1029:(7): 40–3762-40-3762. 2003-03-01.
297:and first Rubber Director for the
109:United States Vanadium Corporation
14:
315:Dewey & Almy Chemical Company
34:, was an important figure in the
160:In every company he dealt with,
55:Illinois Institute of Technology
380:. Time Incorporated. June 1941.
1083:20th-century American chemists
301:, had this to say of Rafferty:
230:also managed and operated the
219:Mr. James White, President of
1:
390:: CS1 maint: date and year (
190:Boston, Little, Brown, 1967.
61:and then in 1917 joined the
1098:20th-century industrialists
1114:
843:10.1021/cen-v026n046.p3407
476:Groueff, Stéphane (1967).
99:Under the auspices of the
63:Linde Air Products Company
681:authors, Various (1948),
655:"Chemical Industry Medal"
629:authors, Various (1948),
560:James A. Rafferty Letters
526:authors, Various (1946),
498:authors, Various (1946),
482:. New York: Bantam Books.
444:authors, Various (1948),
412:authors, Various (1951),
244:as well as the Oak Ridge
837:(46): 3407. 1948-11-15.
609:Rafferty, James (1949).
283:in 1941 had reported to
250:National Carbon Company
89:Chemical Industry Medal
1035:10.5860/choice.40-3762
911:ahf.nuclearmuseum.org/
807:ahf.nuclearmuseum.org/
783:ahf.nuclearmuseum.org/
759:ahf.nuclearmuseum.org/
735:ahf.nuclearmuseum.org/
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295:Union Pacific Railroad
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36:petrochemical industry
24:
1023:Choice Reviews Online
999:TheFreeDictionary.com
323:
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237:The graphite for the
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186:- Groueff, Stéphane.
158:
138:
134:General Leslie Groves
95:The Manhattan Project
22:
1073:Chemical engineering
319:War Production Board
313:, co-founder of the
299:War Production Board
272:which would then be
78:Bakelite Corporation
895:. pp. 248–250.
888:Houghton, Vincent.
827:"James A. Rafferty"
321:, said of Rafferty:
285:President Roosevelt
169:James A. Rafferty.
136:wrote of Rafferty:
40:aliphatic chemicals
967:The New York Times
935:The New York Times
711:The New York Times
590:The New York Times
291:William M. Jeffers
264:and a large scale
117:Kellex Corporation
25:
228:Tennessee Eastman
221:Tennessee Eastman
196:Interim Committee
124:gaseous diffusion
101:Manhattan Project
48:Manhattan Project
28:James A. Rafferty
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281:Baruch Committee
266:synthetic rubber
154:Stéphane Groueff
148:Leslie R. Groves
111:) for use in an
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211:Du Pont Company
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1088:Petrochemicals
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969:. 1943-09-09.
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937:. 1943-04-07.
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262:natural rubber
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105:enrich uranium
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995:"GR-S rubber"
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67:Union Carbide
64:
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51:
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44:liquid oxygen
41:
37:
33:
32:Union Carbide
29:
21:
1026:
1022:
1013:
1002:. Retrieved
998:
989:
978:. Retrieved
966:
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946:. Retrieved
934:
925:
914:. Retrieved
910:
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883:
872:. Retrieved
869:www.osti.gov
868:
859:
834:
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821:
810:. Retrieved
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786:. Retrieved
782:
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762:. Retrieved
758:
749:
738:. Retrieved
734:
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714:. Retrieved
710:
701:
691:, retrieved
683:
662:. Retrieved
659:www.soci.org
658:
649:
639:, retrieved
631:
611:
604:
593:. Retrieved
589:
559:
536:, retrieved
528:
508:, retrieved
500:
478:
454:, retrieved
446:
422:, retrieved
414:
376:
370:
359:. Retrieved
355:
324:
309:
304:
293:, leader of
289:
278:
259:
246:X-10 Reactor
236:
226:
218:
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208:
204:Westinghouse
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98:
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71:
52:
27:
26:
1068:1951 deaths
1063:1886 births
274:polymerized
113:atomic bomb
1057:Categories
1004:2023-01-01
980:2023-01-01
948:2023-01-01
916:2023-01-04
874:2023-01-04
812:2023-01-02
788:2023-01-02
764:2023-01-02
740:2023-01-02
716:2022-12-31
693:2022-12-31
664:2023-01-01
641:2022-12-31
595:2022-12-31
538:2022-12-31
510:2022-12-31
456:2022-12-31
424:2022-12-31
361:2022-12-31
331:References
146:- General
1043:0009-4978
975:0362-4331
943:0362-4331
851:0009-2347
386:cite book
270:butadiene
242:B Reactor
128:Oak Ridge
126:plant at
91:in 1948.
1093:Plastics
239:Hanford
1041:
973:
941:
849:
162:Groves
893:(PDF)
688:(PDF)
636:(PDF)
533:(PDF)
505:(PDF)
451:(PDF)
419:(PDF)
1039:ISSN
971:ISSN
939:ISSN
847:ISSN
392:link
279:The
232:Y-12
121:K-25
74:CCCC
1031:doi
839:doi
1059::
1037:.
1027:40
1025:.
1021:.
997:.
965:.
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909:.
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384:{{
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Text is available under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License. Additional terms may apply.
