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notable scientific contribution. The article quoted a Cap. Bertram of the Eighty
Canadian Battalion who reported 'a white smoke arising from the German trenches to a height of about 3 feet. Then, in front of the white smoke appeared a greenish cloud which drifted along the ground to our trenches, to rising more than about 7 feet from the ground. Men in the trenches were obliged to leave and a number of them were killed by the effects of the gas.
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While working on methods of recovering sulphur dioxide from copper smelter gases, something happened to recall his favorite experiment at the
University of Chicago. A Pittsburgh newspaper account (no exact reference) of action near Ypres, Belgium,, in 1915 actually was what led Garner toward his most
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Dr. James Bert Garner and his first gas mask was and is a
Pittsburgh story, one of the many unpublicized ones which have taken place behind the walls of Oakland's Mellon Institute. Garner had a large family and needed a post with a higher income. He found it at the Mellon Institute in 1914, where he
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for a teaching appointment. This is where he was first exposed to the principle he later used in a charcoal gas mask. It was part of his duties to set up experiments on the lecture tables. In an effort to find a demonstration that would seem especially dramatic, he turned to a little used one from a
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made use of the prepared charcoal technique of his lecture assistant days at the Univ. of
Chicago. he found that it absorbed sulphur dioxide from the air stream, as well as the ammonia of the experiment. ... He guessed the British troops were overcome by chlorine gas. This, too, he believed could
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In addition to gas mask development, Garner was also involved in many other discoveries and inventions. For example, in June 1916 Garner patented a process of obtaining gasoline from natural gas, and in July 1936 he patented a process for extracting nicotine from tobacco, in addition to numerous
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was generated through a glass delivery tube, the mercury in the beaker came down into the container vessel. That was when Garner applied the touch of drama. When he placed a stick of activated charcoal into the vessel the tube of the mercury again shot to the top of the cylinder.
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Garner's purpose was to fix in his students' memory a mental picture of how ammonia gas was adsorbed by wood charcoal. It made an even more lasting impression upon the instructor but it was a good many years before he was able to make use of it. ().
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Keeping Up with the
Universe--5 Pittsburgh Contributors to the Encyclopaedia Britannica Assist in the Complex Job of Revising Its 27,247 pages," by John Warren Pg. 6, Pittsburgh Press, 8 June 1958
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be adsorbed by activated charcoal. His then current work at the
Institute had made use of the prepared charcoal technique of his ... days at the University of Chicago. He found that it
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50th
Anniversary Booklet - Pittsburgh Section of the American Chemical Society. Mention of J.B. Garner gas mask with pictures - pgs. 4 & 6 (pages 16 & 18 in original hard copy)
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the gas. After performing a successful test using two of his associates who were exposed to gas in a sealed room while wearing Garner's gas mask.
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In 1895, after receiving a Master of
Science degree from Wabash and teaching there, he went at Smith's invitation to the
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In 1897, Garner received a Ph.D. in physical chemistry and became head of the chemistry department at
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Kohler, Roy. "Poison Gas Mask ... Pittsburgh
Invention." Pittsburgh Press., Sun., Dec. 10, 1953, p. 8
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from 1914 until his retirement in 1957. He is credited with the invention of a World War I
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Dr. Garner of Bethel, Gas Mask
Inventor Dies Here at 90," Journal Review, Crawfordsville
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in Peoria, Illinois, where he taught until 1901 and continued these experiments.
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sulphur dioxide from the air stream, as well as the ammonia of the experiment .
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http://www.google.com/patents?id=uoZXAAAAEBAJ&dq=%22James+B.+Garner%22+gas
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http://www.google.com/patents?id=A0JWAAAAEBAJ&dq=%22James+B.+Garner%22+gas
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From 1901 to 1914, Garner served as the head of the chemistry department at
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in 1893 with a Bachelor of Science degree and studied under the renowned
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The following excerpt relates to Garner's research into the gas mask.
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Pioneer Scientist: The Story of James Bert Garner, Gas Mask Inventor
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Two associates of James Bert Garner wearing his original gas masks.
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James B. Garner at age 45 around the time he invented the gas mask.
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Reference to James B. Garner's gas mask being used in WWI - pg. 4
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had been used. Based on research he had performed while at the
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by the German Army on Canadian and French troops at the
45:(September 2, 1870 – November 28, 1960) was an American
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What his students saw was a long cylinder filled with
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163:was assigned to a Metals Research Fellowship.
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289:The Richmond Times Dispatch 30 November 1960
139:on April 22, 1915, Garner hypothesized that
342:Quote by J.B. Garner on Wabash College site
298:The Washington D.C. Post, 29 November 1960
295:Phoenix Arizona Gazette, 30 November 1960
19:For other people named James Garner, see
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51:Mellon Institute of Industrial Research
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180:other patents throughout his career.
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292:The Palo Alto Times 30 November 1960
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372:20th-century American inventors
127:After reading an account of a
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110:Bradley Polytechnic Institute
21:James Garner (disambiguation)
392:Scientists from Pennsylvania
87:Chemical Lecture Experiments
397:Inventors from Pennsylvania
387:American chemical engineers
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16:American chemical engineer
81:well-known source-book,
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133:Battle of Gravenstafel
65:Garner graduated from
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382:Wabash College alumni
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78:University of Chicago
49:and professor at the
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71:Dr. Alexander Smith
335:2008-04-13 at the
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367:American chemists
313:978-0-692-22777-0
269:Missing or empty
228:Missing or empty
147:he believed that
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43:James Bert Garner
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351:Categories
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212:2008-03-08
184:References
129:gas attack
333:Archived
262:cite web
221:cite web
173:adsorbed
123:Gas mask
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98:ammonia
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