522:, Mrs. Meech's younger sister, hanging on the wall and heard the family speak of her frequently. In his lonely hours in the desert he had taken the matter of a suitable companion to the Lord and asked Him to send one that would help in his work. Gilmour, though he had not seen the lady or written her a line before, wrote her a letter in January, proposing marriage. Later, in the spring, he went up country and returned about July, to find he was an accepted man. He had written his parents at the time he made the proposal but that letter was delayed. Imagine their surprise when they received a letter from an unknown lady in London, telling of her engagement. Some thought he was running a great risk, but he assured them that he was at ease, for he had asked the Lord to provide. When the bride-to-be visited his parents they were much pleased and said she would suit him well. Her first glimpse of her husband was from a boat near Tianjin as he stood on a lighter coming out to meet her. He was dressed in an old overcoat and had a large woolen comforter around his neck, -- for it was cold, -- not the usual method to make a favorable impression. She landed on Thursday and the following Tuesday, 8 December 1874, they were married. He afterwards wrote, "She is a jolly girl, as much, perhaps more, of a Christian and a Christian missionary than I am."
545:, five days distant from Tianjin. The district was famine stricken. They preached to audiences of from 130 to 300, people who were eager to learn to sing Gospel songs. Gilmour declared the service of song was a most powerful method of introducing Christ. His discourses were simple, full of illustrations from his own life, and with such earnestness and directness as gave them great force. When during the winter he was in Beijing, he would hunt out the homes of Mongols and talk with them about Jesus. He peddled the Bible and often had opportunity to read to groups that gathered about him. They came from various parts of Mongolia and thus the Gospel was sent into almost every part of the country. However, in his ability to dispense medicine was his greatest power among the natives, though many amusing requests came to him. "One man wants to be made clever, another fat, another cured of insanity, or of tobacco, or of whisky, or of hunger or tea. Most men want medicine to make their beards grow, while almost every man, woman and child wants to have his or her skin made as white as that of a foreigner." After ten years of work Gilmour was thoroughly convinced that medicine introduced him to many who would otherwise have held themselves aloof.
498:, a famous place of Mongol pilgrimage. These people tried the zealous missionary greatly. Drunkenness, hopeless indebtedness, and a desire to borrow were characteristics that greatly disturbed him. Debts never distressed them, but rather their inability to borrow more. Amidst these discouragements he comforted himself as he once wrote, "All our good work will be found, there is no doubt of that. All I am afraid of is that our good work will amount to little when it is found!" He was concerned that in the judgment no heathen can be justified in "pitching into us for not pitching into them more savagely, for not, in fact, taking them by the cuff of the neck and dragging them into the kingdom." He endured many hardships here. He would walk to save the expense of a camel. His tent was dwelling, chapel, and dispensary. Gilmour followed the example of Jesus in healing the sick as far as he was able; and the few simple remedies he found a very great help to him in his work. Yet at the end of 1874, after four years of labor, he could not report one convert, not even one who could be classed as interested in Christianity. The people did not have even a sense of need of what the Gospel was.
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drinking whiskey and smoking tobacco would be preaching forgiveness of sin thru Christ to men who were still going on in the practice of what their consciences told them was sin." Imagine his embarrassment when he had to acknowledge to a deputation of
Mongolians, favorably disposed to Christianity, who came to him to know if it were true that a certain missionary in Beijing smoked after he preached, that this was true. These men left and never returned to hear him. Still he was undaunted. Christ he would preach and leave the results with his Lord. He went afoot to save expense and was barred from decent inns because he was considered a tramp. He hired a donkey to carry his baggage, to give him respectability. An agent of the Bible Society and a native quarreled. This spread and met Gilmour everywhere he went, and people told him they did not want a religion that was not better than their own. Alone he pressed forward. He had seasons of depression and urged the church at home to pray for him, and help him by sympathy. He was willing to be all things lawful in order to "win some trophies of the cross". He became a
392:, (at that time port city of Beijing) were killed. The weeks following the massacre were very tense, and Gilmour and the older LMS missionaries weren't sure that it would be the right thing to send Gilmour to Mongolia just yet. Gilmour wrote of this time "We are all living on the slope of a volcano that may put forth its slumbering rage at any moment." Though not thinking of leaving the field, the situation was so grave that he wrote again, "Our death might further the cause of Christ more than our life could do." A massacre of all foreigners was planned, but a great downpour of rain the first day it was to begin shut the Chinese in their homes and when they could go out again the excitement was gone and there was no disturbance. By the end of July (1870) Gilmour had reached a fixed resolution to go to Mongolia as soon as the necessary arrangements had been made. He set out in the beginning of August, and reached
473:, to which point he had come, on 27 August 1870, for the first trip across the great plain to Kyakhta. The journey took a month. Here he was detained because his passport would not be accepted by either Russian or Chinese, until he could obtain another from Beijing. He found a home with a Scotch trader. He went among the people asking the names of articles and thus gathered a vocabulary. He hired a teacher; but the teacher was so slow that the restless nature of the missionary felt life had reached its greatest stagnation. Before the close of 1870 he left Kyakhta to share the tent of some Mongol engaged in prayer. He arranged with this devout man, who had welcomed him, to share the hospitality of his home. The man lived alone, attended by two
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out the cloud of smoke were as inspiring to me as if they had been spoken by an angel from out the cloud of glory." Gilmour and the convert traveled for nearly twenty-three miles together, talking, and then in a lonely place in the road knelt and prayed together and then separated. This led him to the conviction that personal work was most effective, and forsaking all else, -- secular papers and books, even the bedside of his sick wife at times, -- he gave himself over to inquiries from early morning till late at night.
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during which time she picked up the language rapidly and accurately. The experience, however, was more than novel; dust storms and the continuous round of millet and mutton as food tried her greatly. While she was happy to endure for the work's sake, it was a great relief to get back to
Beijing again. Gilmour turned his attention to preparing two publications, one on striking incidents from Daniel, and the other the story of salvation, both published by the
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beggar lamas. It was on this spiritual journey that he found his first convert. He was one day in a mud hut, pressing the claims of Christ upon a lama. A layman entered, stirred the fire that would not burn, and simply increased the volume of smoke in the room. So dense was the smoke that though the layman was but two yards from
Gilmour he could not see him. Finally the layman said that for months he had been a learner of
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here was planted the desire that led the missionary later to write his interesting accounts of his experiences. Family worship was so strictly adhered to that neighbors would have to wait until the hour was passed before they could be served. In as much as James' father was in comfortable circumstances, the lad did not pass through the ordeal of poverty that some missionaries have. He had good school privileges, first at
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301:. Once he called on a classmate who had beer in his room. Young Gilmour quietly raised the window and as he poured it out on the street said, "Better on God's earth than in His image." Gilmour got his bachelor's degree in 1867, and his master's degree a year later in 1868. His early religious training bore fruit in his confession of conversion to Christianity during his University life.
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to win some of higher moral standards; he dressed like a shopkeeper; ate porridge, native fashion, in the street in order to win souls for Christ. His living expenses averaged about six cents per day. Some think he shortened his usefulness by such methods, but none were as capable of judging what was
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and he was now ready to trust the Savior. The smoke had settled lower. Gilmour was lying on his back on the platform while the
Mongols were crouched near the door. The missionary says of the occasion, "The place was beautiful to me as the gate of heaven, and the words of the confession of Christ from
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that lived in adjoining huts. Here
Gilmour spent three months, acquired the language rapidly and gained real insight into the hearts and minds of the natives. The cultural divide was great. To illustrate, he taught that God was everywhere and without form. The Mongol was puzzled to understand how, if
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In due time he returned to
Mongolia again. He continued his work along the same lines. In April 1891 he returned to Tianjin to attend the North China District Committee of the London Missionary Society. They honored him by making him chairman and he served them well. During the time he was the guest
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He longed for a helper on his field, but the
Society was unable to supply him. At last, when one did come, the first thing he did was to send Gilmour home on furlough. When the faithful missionary reached England in 1889 he was so thin of body and the marks of struggle so prominent in his face, that
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In
Gilmour's view, tobacco, opium, and whiskey were the three great evils of the Mongolians and against them Gilmour presented the message of Christ. He made abstinence from all three conditions of church membership. Opposition was strong, but he stood his ground, declaring that "to leave Christians
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in London. While here, through a misunderstanding the students rebelled against the directors of the
Mission Society. Gilmour spoke for the student body, was looked upon as a ringleader and with disfavor, though afterwards the directors acknowledged that the students were right in their position. On
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as much for the
Chinese as the European." He also had read the command in Matthew to "Go into all the word and preach", he thought that there was a command to preach, but it was coupled with a command to go into all the world. He didn't believe that what God had joined he could separate. He believed
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church. Their faith made a deep impression upon the community. James' parents maintained the same strict integrity and devotion. His mother delighted in gathering her sons about her in the evening and reading to them missionary and religious stories and making comments upon them. It is supposed that
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Upon reaching a new city he pitched his tent on a main thoroughfare, and from early morn till late at night healed the sick, preached and talked to inquirers. During one eight months' campaign he saw about 6,000 patients, preached to nearly 24,000 people, sold 3,000 books, distributed 4,500 tracts,
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and then at Glasgow, applied himself not so much because of love for learning but because he willed to do so, and earned for himself many prizes. Still he was a boy full of fun and games and noted for his teasing. He loved the wild and would wander alone among the hills, woods, and glens, delighted
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Affliction finally took hold of Emily Gilmour, the disease sure of its prey, no matter how long it would be in securing it. Six weeks before the end came they talked over spiritual things, lest later she might not be able to speak of them. In simple, childlike faith, on 19 September 1885, she died
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At the end of 1883 Gilmours were back in Beijing. In the early part of 1884 he started out afoot without any medicine, on one of his most remarkable Mongolian journeys. The Mongols were surprised to note this foreigner, having all his belongings on his back, going about the country like their own
461:. Many temples of impressive splendor in gold and colors, seen from afar, and great reverence for sacred places by the people, impressed the missionary on every hand. To carry the Gospel to the nomadic bands of this land, Gilmour of necessity adopted a roving life and puts up with its hardships.
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for salt, soda, hides and timber, -- all borne hither and thither between China and Russia by caravans of camels or oxcarts. West of this ancient caravan route were wandering tribes almost knowing no government or fearing no power. In the winter they live in rude huts or tents; during the heated
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with such great earnestness that it was said that "his soul became all aflame with love for the perishing heathen". His zeal shone brightly at home, too. He would go out evenings alone and conduct open-air preaching services or talk to laborers by the roadside or in the field about the things of
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Companionship meant much to Gilmour. Circumstances were such that their first year was spent almost entirely in Beijing. He made occasional trips to fairs at important centers, but not until 7 April 1876 did Mr. and Mrs. Gilmour take a tour into Mongolia proper. It covered a period of 156 days,
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he lived at home. Because some of his classes came too early for train service he walked to school in the morning. Later he furnished a small house which belonged to his father in the city, and prepared his breakfast and other meals as he thought best. He was especially bright in
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that God hadn't called him to stay home, so if he were to be obedient he must go. The moral effect of the brightest student deciding for missions was very great indeed. When he offered himself as a missionary to the London Missionary Society he was sent to
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has turned missionary, lived years in Mongolia, and wrote a book about it." While at home his main message was to pray more for the missionaries. He would not ride a car or bus on Sunday, but once walked twelve miles to hear
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were quick to blame the Missionaries for this, (they did the same thing sometime later, using a drought to gather the whole of China up in arms against the foreigners, resulting in the murder of many westerners in the
618:, a medical missionary, was placed to work with Gilmour providing medical care in the three mission circuit in Mongolia. Roberts, however, was called to Tianjin after several weeks in Mongolia due to the death of
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summers they seek the best pastures they can command for their flocks. Terrible dust storms swept over the land. Religion, where it has gained a foothold in the southeastern part, was
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Having decided that the proper way to learn the language and start the work was to go into the heart of the proposed field, Gilmour, in company with a Russian postmaster, left
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He selected missionary service because the workers abroad were fewer than at home, and "to me the soul of an Indian seemed as precious as the soul of an Englishman, and the
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God had not form, Jesus could sit at his right hand; further, if God is everywhere, how could one keep from walking on him? Within one year he could read the Bible in
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his friends did not know him. How delighted he was to be with his motherless boys, who had been sent home after their mother's death to be educated. His book,
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for him. These vacations from the plain were decidedly necessary, for the loneliness of the desert was too great a strain to endure all the time.
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on 12 June 1843, the third of six sons born to James and Elizabeth Pettigrew Gilmour on the Cathkin estate of a half dozen farms in the parish of
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was over 100 miles northwest of Beijing, on the border between China and Mongolia. Still farther northwest about 900 miles is the town of
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traveled 1,860 miles and spent about $ 200, and added that only two individuals openly confessed to believe in Christ.
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Temur Temule, "Rediscovering the Mongols, James Gilmour as a Transculturator", in Gaba Bamana, ed.,
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Kathleen L. Lodwick, "For God and Queen: James Gilmour Among the Mongols, 1870-1891",
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on the south, a distance of about 900 miles. In the center is the great
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and the eleven years of happy married life were brought to an end.
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on the west, a distance of about 3,000 miles; and from Asiatic
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List of Protestant missionary societies in China (1807–1953)
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James Gilmour of Mongolia: His Diaries, Letters, and Reports
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1876 156 days' journey with wife In Mongolia, begun 7 April.
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best as he who was on the field and understood conditions.
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slowly and at sight, and write the language imperfectly.
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1889 Second furlough to England, 4 April to 14 May 1890.
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fever of a very malignant type. He died on 21 May 1891.
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The History of the London Missionary Society, 1795-1895
856:(Leiden: Brill), vol.22, no.2, 2008, pp. 144–172
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1886 Two oldest children went to England on 23 March.
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American Board of Commissioners for Foreign Missions
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10 February 1870 he was ordained as a missionary to
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907:(Ulaanbaatar: Antoon Mostaert Center, 2006), 54–59.
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1882 Furlough to England, Spring to September 1883;
490:During the summer of 1872 Gilmour, in company with
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48:. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.
674:1867 Offered himself to London Missionary Society.
1614:Journal of the West China Border Research Society
781:Richard Lovett, James Gilmour of Mongolia, pg. 48
388:. Thirteen French Roman Catholic missionaries at
379:. There had been a drought in the area, and the
216:(Chinese:景雅各; 12 June 1843 – 21 May 1891) was a
893:, London : Religious Tract Society,(1883)
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905:Christianity and Mongolia: Past and Present
723:1884 First convert to Christianity, 1 March.
711:1874 Married to Miss Prankard on 8 December.
701:Massacre of 13 French Catholics on 22 June;
541:Once Rev. Thomas Lewis and Gilmour visited
311:Cheshunt Congregational Theological College
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276:with nature and what it gave back to him.
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875:, London:Religious Tract Society, (1894).
108:Learn how and when to remove this message
677:1869 Entered Highgate Missionary Seminar
624:Tienstin Mission Hospital and Dispensary
1600:Chinese Recorder and Missionary Journal
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768:. Elgin, IL: Brethren Publishing House.
726:1885 Mrs. Gilmour died on 19 September.
1021:Protestant missions in China 1807–1953
655:Chronology of events in Gilmour's life
553:In 1882 the Gilmours took furlough to
900:, London, Hodder and Stoughton (1924)
720:Published "Among the Mongols," April.
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1442:Reformed Church in the United States
1280:American Methodist Episcopal Mission
846:Princely Men in the Heavenly Kingdom
691:on Diomed for Mongolia, 22 February.
46:adding citations to reliable sources
1658:Alumni of the University of Glasgow
1437:Oberlin Shansi Memorial Association
1315:Protestant Episcopal Church Mission
680:1870 Ordained in Augustine Chapel,
1688:Christian missionaries in Mongolia
765:Christian Heroism in Heathen Lands
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1607:The Christian Occupation of China
647:. Suddenly he was stricken with
262:, Scotland. His ancestors were
136:Missionary to China and Mongolia
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1708:Scottish Christian missionaries
1683:Christian missionaries in China
1668:British expatriates in Mongolia
1458:Bible translations into Chinese
932:Works by or about James Gilmour
57:"James Gilmour" missionary
33:needs additional citations for
1678:Christian medical missionaries
1621:The West China Missionary News
918:Biography @ Wholesomewords.org
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570:preach and then walked home.
494:, visited the sacred city of
284:At first when James attended
1698:Scottish Evangelical writers
1663:British expatriates in China
1427:English Presbyterian Mission
1408:Peking Union Medical College
971:Protestant missions to China
854:Social Sciences and Missions
829:. London Missionary Society.
802:Fred. C. Roberts of Tientsin
1403:West China Union University
1383:Fukien Christian University
708:, 5 August to 28 September.
207:Elizabeth Pettigrew Gilmour
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1473:Chinese Christian colleges
1415:Methodist Episcopal Church
1305:National Christian Council
1285:Canadian Methodist Mission
873:James Gilmour and His Boys
634:has touched many a heart.
557:. While home he published
246:James Gilmour was born at
1653:19th-century evangelicals
1463:Medical missions in China
1300:London Missionary Society
804:. London: H.R. Allenson.
408:Gilmour traveling on foot
236:London Missionary Society
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1693:Evangelical missionaries
1571:Second Sino-Japanese War
1432:Chung Hua Sheng Kung Hui
1393:College of Yale-in-China
1237:Elwood Gardner Tewksbury
989:Protestantism in Sichuan
825:Lovett, Richard (1899).
762:Royer, Galen B. (1915).
750:Christianity in Mongolia
704:Journey from Beijing to
258:, about five miles from
1310:US Presbyterian Mission
849:(1903), pp. 77–106
664:, Scotland, on 12 June.
528:Religious Tract Society
486:The Gospel and medicine
1703:People from Rutherglen
1593:The Chinese Repository
1343:University of Shanghai
1295:Church Mission Society
1202:Issachar Jacox Roberts
984:Protestantism in China
923:Works by James Gilmour
898:Gilmour of the Mongols
881:More About the Mongols
622:, the director of the
620:John Kenneth MacKenzie
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420:, stretching from the
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367:James in Chinese Dress
322:Missionary appointment
1713:Scottish evangelicals
1373:St. John's University
1358:University of Nanking
1122:Elizabeth G. K. Hewat
1006:Christianity in China
800:Bryson, Mary (1895).
669:University of Glasgow
632:Gilmour and His Boys,
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561:. One critic wrote, "
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286:University of Glasgow
234:. He served with the
182:University of Glasgow
163:21 May 1891 (aged 47)
1290:China Inland Mission
1232:John Leighton Stuart
1222:Vincent John Stanton
1192:Karl Ludvig Reichelt
1162:Robert Samuel Maclay
790:Richard Lovett, ibid
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432:on the north to the
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1398:Huachung University
1378:Hangchow University
1368:Yenching University
1257:(more missionaries)
1227:John and Betty Stam
1137:Carl C. Jeremiassen
1117:Laura Askew Haygood
1072:William Jones Boone
1037:David Howard Adeney
520:Miss Emily Prankard
510:Miss Emily Prankard
434:Great Wall of China
351:. He set sail from
1493:Foochow Roman Type
1483:Chinese Roman Type
1468:Manchurian revival
1388:Lingnan University
1363:Soochow University
1348:Cheeloo University
597:Phases of his work
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396:by mid September.
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1576:People's Republic
1566:Chinese Civil War
1521:Taiping Rebellion
1488:Minnan Roman Type
1132:Robert A. Jaffray
1042:Mary Ann Aldersey
1001:Missions timeline
927:Project Gutenberg
890:Among the Mongols
684:, on 10 February;
574:His first convert
559:Among the Mongols
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1551:Kucheng Massacre
1546:Tianjin Massacre
1531:Second Opium War
1498:Anti-footbinding
1252:William C. White
1127:Jennie V. Hughes
1102:Frederick Graves
1097:Jonathan Goforth
1052:Thomas J. Arnold
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936:Internet Archive
887:Richard Lovett,
878:Richard Lovett,
871:Richard Lovett,
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694:1870 Arrived at
568:Charles Spurgeon
371:Gilmour reached
359:Arrival in China
345:Augustine Chapel
328:Cheshunt College
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1420:Hwa Nan College
1353:Ginling College
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1247:Thomas Torrance
1212:Cambridge Seven
1197:Timothy Richard
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53:Find sources:
47:
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37:
36:
31:This article
29:
25:
20:
19:
16:
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1612:
1605:
1598:
1591:
1585:Publications
1556:Boxer Crisis
1338:United Board
1331:universities
1329:Colleges and
1217:George Smith
1177:George Moule
1157:Eric Liddell
1062:Joseph Beech
1047:Roland Allen
904:
897:
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838:Bibliography
826:
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687:Sailed from
641:
631:
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616:Fred Roberts
613:
609:
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591:
581:Jesus Christ
577:
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532:
524:
516:Samuel Meech
513:
489:
468:
422:Sea of Japan
414:China proper
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213:
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145:12 June 1843
104:
95:
85:
78:
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52:
40:Please help
35:verification
32:
15:
1648:1891 deaths
1643:1843 births
1187:David Paton
1167:Lottie Moon
1152:James Legge
1147:Walter Judd
1082:John Burdon
645:Dr. Roberts
543:Hsiao Chang
438:Gobi Desert
299:intoxicants
221:Evangelical
1637:Categories
1503:Anti-opium
1266:Missionary
1182:Gideon Nye
1067:John Birch
1011:Nestorians
977:Background
756:References
739:on 21 May.
698:on 18 May;
638:Final year
604:vegetarian
496:Wutai Shan
273:Cambuslang
256:Carmunnock
242:Early life
98:April 2008
68:newspapers
689:Liverpool
682:Edinburgh
480:Mongolian
426:Turkestan
353:Liverpool
349:Edinburgh
264:Calvinist
224:Christian
202:Parent(s)
197:Prankard)
188:Spouse(s)
178:Education
1673:Buryatia
1268:agencies
744:See also
549:Furlough
514:In 1872
502:Marriage
455:Buddhism
400:Mongolia
394:Buryatia
377:massacre
341:Mongolia
332:Highgate
318:Christ.
252:Scotland
232:Mongolia
218:Scottish
153:Scotland
1512:Pivotal
1016:Jesuits
934:at the
737:Tianjin
706:Kyakhta
696:Beijing
662:Cathkin
555:England
446:Kyakhta
418:Siberia
390:Tianjin
381:Chinese
373:Beijing
336:Chinese
260:Glasgow
248:Cathkin
167:Tianjin
149:Cathkin
82:scholar
1514:events
1451:Impact
1030:People
884:(1893)
868:(1892)
808:
649:typhus
471:Kalgan
442:Kalgan
430:Russia
334:, and
326:After
306:Gospel
84:
77:
70:
63:
55:
475:lamas
315:Bible
295:Greek
291:Latin
228:China
171:China
89:JSTOR
75:books
806:ISBN
416:and
293:and
230:and
160:Died
142:Born
61:news
925:at
643:of
450:tea
343:in
195:née
44:by
1639::
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96:(
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38:.
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