814:
823:
721:
495:
1041:
388:
955:
58:
273:
4017:
649:
879:
451:, had been raised as Protestants. British Protestants had expected Mary, from his father's first marriage, to succeed their father. This possibility had kept Protestants somewhat content, with his rule a temporary inconvenience. Now that Mary or Anne's succession was in doubt with this new Catholic son and heir, discontent grew, already stoked by James II's actions which had alienated Tory Anglicans who had previously been inclined to honour him as sovereign even if they differed in religion. This movement would become the
5019:
4499:
3357:
4763:
976:
620:
correspondence with him. They both stated to James that his conversion to
Protestantism would facilitate his accession. However, James, a devout Catholic, replied to Torcy: "I have chosen my own course, therefore it is for others to change their sentiments." In March came James's refusal to convert, following which Harley and Bolingbroke reached the opinion that James's accession was not feasible, though they maintained their correspondence with him.
972:, but the offer was never formally made to James. Several separate plans also involved Charles being given control of a French-backed independent Ireland, though that too was aborted after Charles showed up at a meeting with the French to discuss the plan late, argumentative, and idealistic in expectations, so that the French dismissed the possibility of Jacobite assistance.
3329:
467:, which Louis XIV had turned over to the exiled James II. Both the ex-king and his family were held in great consideration by the French king (who was his first cousin), and they were frequent visitors at Versailles where Louis XIV and his court treated them as ruling monarchs. In June 1692 his sister
429:
His birth was unexpected, coming five years after his mother's tenth and last pregnancy, none of which produced a child that survived more than a few days. The birth reignited controversies of religion, as the new son would be raised
Catholic. Wild rumours spread among British Anglicans: that the
1015:
Following James's death the pope refused to recognise the claim to the
British and Irish thrones of his elder son Charles, which had severely exacerbated the hostility between England and the Catholic Church. Instead, from 14 January 1766, in stages over the following decade, Rome accepted the
619:
Queen Anne became severely ill at
Christmas 1713 and seemed close to death. In January 1714, she recovered but clearly had little time to live. Through de Torcy and his London agent, Abbé François Gaultier, Harley maintained the correspondence with James and Bolingbroke entered into a separate
942:
of 1745. With the failure of this second rebellion, the Stuart hopes of regaining the
British throne were effectively destroyed. James and Charles later clashed repeatedly, and relations between them broke down completely when James played a role in the appointment of his son
604:, in which he claimed to desire James's accession to the throne should James convert to Protestantism. A year later, however, the British government pushed for James's expulsion from France as a precondition for a peace treaty with France. In accordance with the
813:
459:
landed in
England, backed by an army of English and Scottish exiles, as well as Dutch soldiers. Much of the English army promptly defected to William's cause, causing James II and his family to flee rather than stay and fight.
2771:
442:
years earlier. In an attempt to quash these rumours, James published the testimonies of over seventy witnesses to the birth. The line of succession to the throne was thrust into doubt. James II's eldest legitimate daughters,
967:
After the 1745 rising, there were no other plots to restore the Stuart dynasty except for when, in 1759, the French government briefly considered a scheme to have James (then aged 70) crowned King of
Ireland as part of
767:
Further efforts to restore the
Stuarts to the British throne were planned. In 1719 a major expedition left Spain but was forced to turn back due to weather. A small landing took place in the Scottish Highlands, but the
635:
as George I. James denounced him, noting "we have beheld a foreign family, aliens to our country, distant in blood, and strangers even to our language, ascend the throne". Following George's coronation in
October 1714,
794:, regardless of political affiliation. For many, it functioned as an unofficial consulate. Those in need of medical attention preferred being treated by one of their own countrymen. In 1735 court physicians tended to
776:. James had gone to Spain in the hope he could take part in the invasion, but following its abandonment was forced to return to Italy. A further attempt was planned in 1722, but following the exposure of the
2472:
2412:
2733:
1024:
in
Britain and Ireland. Two months after James's death, on 14 March, the royal arms of England were removed from the doorway of the Palazzo Muti. In 1792, the papacy specifically referred to
3081:
805:
James remained well-treated in Rome until his death. He was allowed to hold Protestant services at Court, and was given land where his Protestant adherents could receive a public burial.
2607:
Depositions Taken the 22d. of October 1688. before the Privy-Council and Peers of England; Relating to the Birth of the (then) Prince of Wales. Published by His Majesty's Special Command
438:. Protestants found it suspicious that everyone attending the birth was Catholic. Another rumour was that James II had not been the father; he was said to be impotent after a bout with
3120:
5052:
1120:
795:
5607:
601:
588:
James served for a time as a volunteer in the French army, as his father had done during the interregnum. Between August and September 1710, Queen Anne appointed a new
2795:
272:
5809:
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4174:
2729:
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on 5 February 1716. The abandonment of his rebel allies caused ill-feeling against him in Scotland; nor was he welcomed on his return to France. His patron,
5819:
2638:
5789:
5563:
4807:
4545:
4097:
1464:
5799:
4243:
3826:
5794:
5769:
5729:
5325:
5045:
4002:
3997:
3992:
1113:
969:
574:
356:
764:. Such help enabled him to organise a Jacobite court at Rome, where, although he lived in splendour, he continued to suffer from fits of melancholy.
5824:
5573:
5529:
3886:
720:
494:
3077:
822:
5814:
5259:
609:
597:
5714:
5293:
4597:
4304:
4107:
3896:
701:
463:
On 9 December, Mary of Modena disguised herself as a laundress and escaped with the infant James to France. Young James was brought up at the
5744:
4209:
3811:
3209:
2558:
2182:
665:
3104:
850:
5739:
5724:
5719:
5699:
5320:
5038:
4621:
4324:
3554:
3124:
2660:
1106:
757:
582:
2208:
2679:
700:, had died on 1 September 1715, and the French government found him a political embarrassment. When France, hitherto his main protector,
631:, a German-speaking Lutheran who was the closest Protestant relative of the now-deceased Queen Anne, became king of the recently created
5469:
5438:
5422:
5391:
5340:
4895:
4843:
3501:
1518:
464:
991:
After a lingering illness, James died aged 77 on 1 January 1766, at his home, the Palazzo Muti in Rome, and was buried in the crypt of
387:
5514:
5228:
4179:
3946:
3311:
1856:
1316:
954:
872:
5381:
5249:
5218:
4605:
3956:
3881:
3366:
3352:
3002:
2818:
2528:
1651:
593:
57:
1040:
668:
aimed at putting "James III and VIII" on the throne. On 22 December 1715, James reached Scotland after the Jacobite defeats at the
5804:
5774:
5586:
5509:
5443:
5350:
5335:
5301:
5239:
4911:
4661:
4364:
3736:
3270:
3151:
589:
5519:
5617:
5453:
5396:
5371:
5280:
4827:
4800:
4538:
4154:
3976:
860:
483:
1020:
as the legitimate rulers of Britain and Ireland; this was accompanied by a gradual relaxation and reform of the anti-Catholic
5627:
5254:
5213:
4236:
4117:
3931:
3901:
3584:
3513:
680:
and soon fell ill with fever, his illness made more severe by the icy Scottish winter. In January 1716, he set up court at
4498:
4159:
4112:
3876:
3841:
3836:
3821:
1325:
1000:
348:
3333:
2584:
5784:
5734:
5622:
5386:
5264:
5208:
4102:
3936:
3657:
3247:
1696:
554:
448:
5578:
5534:
4052:
5417:
4195:
317:
5764:
5759:
5244:
4957:
4949:
4793:
4701:
4693:
4531:
4414:
4404:
4082:
3677:
3601:
3450:
3229:
3034:
2357:
1887:
951:, ending the possibility that he would produce a legitimate heir, infuriating Charles, who had not been consulted.
919:
530:
475:
31:
5829:
5754:
4229:
4184:
4169:
3966:
3941:
3891:
3851:
3721:
3672:
2634:
2086:
1734:
890:
883:
863:, was at one time suggested as a wife for James, but nothing came of it. In March 1717, while James was visiting
628:
180:
3362:
648:
5779:
5749:
5679:
5632:
5075:
5005:
4749:
4484:
4087:
3846:
3786:
3547:
1003:. His claimed reign had lasted for 64 years, 3 months and 16 days, longer than any British monarch until Queen
709:
673:
632:
2494:
5839:
4645:
4629:
4565:
4334:
4274:
4164:
3921:
3866:
3801:
3756:
3741:
3711:
2755:
992:
980:
939:
769:
692:
in England to visit him. Learning of the approach of government forces, he returned to France, sailing from
661:
372:
364:
360:
166:
878:
787:, for his British supporters and members of his court, none of which have ever been recognised in Britain.
5834:
5203:
5162:
4189:
4016:
3961:
3776:
3662:
3631:
1660:
546:
518:
456:
333:
329:
5663:
5658:
5558:
5376:
5355:
5188:
5149:
4933:
4859:
4677:
4573:
4514:
4384:
4284:
4149:
4144:
4061:
3951:
3911:
3856:
3751:
3650:
3524:
3416:
1876:
1865:
1446:
1029:
944:
935:
915:
909:
836:
832:
783:
In exercise of his pretended position, James purported to create titles of nobility, now referred to as
669:
653:
368:
216:
211:
107:
3731:
434:, and that the baby feted as the new prince was an impostor smuggled into the royal birth chamber in a
399:
131:
3348:
5709:
5704:
5591:
5524:
5477:
5412:
5345:
4919:
4867:
4851:
4669:
4374:
4264:
3906:
3691:
3687:
2765:
1966:
1282:
1021:
773:
685:
5642:
5568:
5448:
5330:
5285:
5157:
4835:
4589:
4131:
4047:
3771:
3766:
3640:
3626:
3621:
3596:
3579:
3540:
3477:
3471:
2118:
2024:
1725:
1482:
1069:
868:
542:
514:
468:
452:
403:
352:
301:
297:
241:
96:
5612:
5167:
4581:
4294:
4066:
4057:
3971:
3816:
3791:
3635:
3606:
3591:
2961:
2789:
2060:
1678:
1128:
The British monarchs of the House of Stuart, their relations, and the transition to the Hanovers
624:
550:
538:
534:
507:
444:
325:
293:
289:
135:
63:
3726:
975:
3256:. Translated by des Maizeaux. London: J. and J. Knapton, J. Darby, A. Battesworth. p. 106.
3059:
5539:
3831:
3781:
3761:
3746:
3667:
3307:
3251:
3205:
2998:
2953:
2814:
2676:
2611:
2554:
2524:
1509:
1028:
as the "King of Great Britain and Ireland", which elicited a protest from James's younger son
894:
613:
605:
522:
261:
203:
2992:
2860:
5223:
5133:
5123:
5090:
4816:
4554:
3702:
3616:
3497:
3435:
3431:
3402:
3343:
3197:
2945:
2708:
2325:
1017:
784:
705:
637:
503:
439:
419:
415:
3193:
557:
as legitimate sovereigns. As a result of his claiming his father's lost thrones, James was
332:
became co-monarchs. As a Catholic, he was subsequently excluded from the succession by the
5113:
5105:
5100:
5061:
4775:
4252:
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3493:
3427:
3380:
2683:
2588:
2546:
1998:
1273:
1049:
923:
693:
479:
423:
392:
376:
309:
285:
231:
48:
2942:
MΓ©langes de l'Γcole franΓ§aise de Rome β Italie et MΓ©diterranΓ©e modernes et contemporaines
3356:
2730:"'James Francis Edward Stuart, styled James VIII and III', The University of Nottingham"
561:
for treason in London on 2 March 1702, and his titles were forfeited under English law.
5493:
5095:
5085:
5080:
4903:
4092:
2266:
1940:
1500:
1161:
875:
put an end to the engagement to preserve his relations with Hanover and Great Britain.
777:
578:
407:
305:
251:
3147:
2835:
Three Victories and a Defeat: The Rise and Fall of the First British Empire, 1714β1783
5693:
5128:
5118:
3574:
3279:] (in Italian). Vol. XIX. presso Gio. Battista Missiaglia. 1824. p. 61.
2965:
2760:
2240:
898:
799:
753:
585:
intercepted the French ships, which, combined with bad weather, prevented a landing.
3224:
3029:
17:
3339:
2516:
1085:
1004:
996:
749:
729:
681:
526:
347:, when his father died in September 1701 James claimed the thrones. As part of the
155:
151:
2605:
4997:
4989:
4741:
4733:
4474:
4464:
2418:
761:
435:
2937:
4973:
4717:
4637:
4444:
4424:
4344:
3611:
3563:
2581:
1025:
791:
745:
321:
78:
2957:
2615:
2595:, Oxford University Press, 2004; online edn, May 2012, accessed 23 June 2013.
4965:
4709:
4653:
4434:
4354:
3462:
1473:
697:
677:
558:
431:
411:
947:
as a cardinal. Henry then took holy orders, which required him to maintain
756:, like his predecessor, showed much support. Thanks to his friend Cardinal
612:, the Secretary of State, colluded with the French in exiling James to the
414:. As the eldest surviving son of the reigning monarch he was automatically
3328:
30:"Chevalier de St. George" redirects here. For composer and conductor, see
4981:
4725:
4613:
4454:
4314:
4042:
948:
897:
of Poland. The wedding was held in the chapel of the Episcopal Palace in
790:
The court-in-exile became a popular stop for English travellers making a
313:
2949:
2773:
Histoire Militaire du Règne de Louis-le-Grand, Roi de France. Huit tômes
513:
On his father's death in 1701, James was proclaimed as rightful king by
4887:
912:(31 December 1720 β 31 January 1788), nicknamed "Bonnie Prince Charlie"
902:
733:
689:
570:
226:
2677:
Princess Louisa Maria Theresa Stuart (1692β1712), Daughter of James II
864:
741:
737:
340:
4785:
4523:
752:
or Palazzo del Re in Rome as his residence, which he accepted. Pope
5030:
4221:
3363:
The Marriage Certificate of James III and Maria Clementina Sobieska
3106:
The Last of the Royal Stuarts: Henry Stuart, Cardinal Duke of York
2776:(in French). Vol. 6. Paris: Denis Mariette. pp. 197, 202
1039:
974:
953:
877:
719:
647:
493:
386:
344:
934:
Following James's failure, attention turned to his son Charles, "
284:(10 June 1688 – 1 January 1766) was the
3682:
5034:
4789:
4527:
4225:
3536:
2413:
Correspondence with James the Pretender (High Treason) Act 1701
1044:
Coat of arms of James Francis Edward Stuart as Prince of Wales
3532:
3295:
King James the Third of England: A Study of Kingship in Exile
3202:
Lines of Succession: Heraldry of the Royal Families of Europe
5017:
4761:
4497:
2923:
The Location of the Stuart Court in Rome: The Palazzo Del Re
517:, despite having previously recognised the legitimacy of
398:
James Francis Edward Stuart was born on 10 June 1688, at
3204:(2nd ed.). London: Little, Brown. pp. 27, 50.
979:
Tomb of James Francis Edward Stuart and his two sons in
728:
After the unsuccessful invasion of 1715, James lived in
623:
As a result, in August 1714, James's second cousin, the
2637:. The Stuart Succession Project. University of Exeter.
359:
on his behalf. This failed, as did further attempts in
2469:"'Prince James Francis Edward', The British Monarchy"
1088:
consisting of those of the kingdom, differenced by a
796:
Edmund Sheffield, 2nd Duke of Buckingham and Normanby
2925:. Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan. pp. 180β205.
5651:
5600:
5548:
5502:
5486:
5462:
5431:
5405:
5364:
5313:
5273:
5196:
5176:
5142:
5068:
4130:
4075:
4035:
4026:
3985:
3920:
3865:
3800:
3710:
3701:
760:, James was granted a life annuity of 12,000 Roman
660:In the following year, Jacobites started uprisings
474:He later received a military education overseen by
300:from 1701 until his death in 1766. The only son of
267:
257:
247:
237:
225:
202:
174:
161:
141:
118:
114:
102:
92:
84:
77:
41:
3304:A Court in Exile: The Stuarts in France, 1689β1718
2415:, Parliament's response to his claim to the throne
3242:
3240:
3238:
3054:
3052:
2551:William III & Mary II: Partners in Revolution
596:, who entered into a secret correspondence with
3349:Portraits of Prince James Francis Edward Stuart
2768:, using the pseudonym Chevalier de St. George.
3148:"Marks of Cadency in the British Royal Family"
3060:"Stuart Nomination to Irish Sees (1686β1766.)"
5046:
4801:
4539:
4237:
3548:
2938:"The Stuart-Sobieska opera patronage in Rome"
2724:
2722:
2720:
2718:
1114:
8:
5555:Charles James, Duke of Cornwall and Rothesay
3265:
3263:
2848:Jacobitism and the English People, 1688β1788
2794:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
854:
5564:Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange
2850:. Cambridge University Press, 1993. p. 173
2421:, used to cure scrofula ('the King's Evil')
1465:Mary, Princess Royal and Princess of Orange
581:on 23 March 1708. The fleet of Admiral Sir
375:was the last serious effort to restore the
5182:
5053:
5039:
5031:
4808:
4794:
4786:
4546:
4532:
4524:
4244:
4230:
4222:
4032:
3707:
3555:
3541:
3533:
3371:
3355:
2770:Quincy, Charles Sevin, marquis de (1726).
1921:
1912:
1121:
1107:
1099:
652:The Old Pretender lands in Scotland after
56:
38:
3646:"James III & VIII", The Old Pretender
1032:, who was by then the Jacobite claimant.
569:Though delayed in France by an attack of
5356:Annabella, Countess of Geneva and Huntly
3188:
3186:
3184:
3182:
3180:
3178:
3121:"The Prince of Wales β Previous Princes"
2686:at npg.org.uk (accessed 8 February 2008)
2629:
2627:
2625:
2541:
2539:
2537:
1916:Ancestors of James Francis Edward Stuart
5191:, first monarch of the House of Stewart
2986:
2984:
2593:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
2463:
2461:
2457:
2431:
724:Coloured portrait of James as young man
195: 1719; died 1735)
5659:Charles Edward "Bonnie Prince Charlie"
5187:The generations indicate descent from
3277:Universal ancient and modern biography
3172:Gregg, pp. xβxi; Somerset, pp. viiiβix
3123:. Princeofwales.gov.uk. Archived from
2787:
2576:
2574:
2572:
2570:
2282:
2162:
2158:
2148:
2040:
1930:
1926:
1007:'s reign surpassed it on 23 May 2016.
736:(April 1716 β February 1717), then at
5810:People of the Jacobite rising of 1715
5638:James Francis Edward, Prince of Wales
5494:James VI of Scotland and I of England
3272:Biografia universale antica e moderna
3253:The works of Monsieur de St. Evremond
3017:
2908:
2896:
2884:
2355:
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2313:
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2012:
1996:
1986:
1982:
1970:
1964:
1954:
1938:
1934:
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1136:
316:father was deposed and exiled in the
7:
3109:. London: Methuen. pp. 212β214.
2809:Massie, Allan (2010). "Chapter 16".
2695:
1519:Ernest Augustus, Elector of Hanover
893:(1702β1735), granddaughter of King
889:On 3 September 1719, James married
5790:English people of Scottish descent
3651:"Charles III", The Young Pretender
3154:from the original on 13 March 2017
2183:Francesco I d'Este, Duke of Modena
1857:Prince William, Duke of Gloucester
1317:Elizabeth Stuart, Queen of Bohemia
918:(11 March 1725 β 13 July 1807), a
867:, he became engaged to his cousin
744:(July 1717 β November 1718). Pope
602:French Minister of Foreign Affairs
88:16 September 1701 β 1 January 1766
25:
5800:English people of Italian descent
5530:Robert, Duke of Kintyre and Lorne
4053:Habeas Corpus Suspension Act 1715
3367:Library of Trinity College Dublin
3353:National Portrait Gallery, London
2936:Blichmann, Diana (30 June 2019).
2736:from the original on 4 March 2016
2659:Frequent mentions throughout the
2641:from the original on 4 March 2016
2475:from the original on 4 March 2016
2209:Alfonso IV d'Este, Duke of Modena
1652:James Scott, 1st Duke of Monmouth
1084:As Prince of Wales, James bore a
640:broke out in provincial England.
5795:English people of French descent
5770:Heirs apparent who never acceded
5730:18th-century Jacobite pretenders
5510:Henry Frederick, Prince of Wales
4098:Heritable Jurisdictions Act 1746
4015:
3327:
3084:from the original on 10 May 2017
2582:James Francis Edward (1688β1766)
821:
812:
465:ChΓ’teau de Saint-Germain-en-Laye
271:
5825:Children of James II of England
5820:Burials at St. Peter's Basilica
5331:Eleanor, Archduchess of Austria
5260:Elizabeth, Countess of Crawford
3977:Raids on Lochaber and Shiramore
3342:at the official website of the
2994:The Stuarts in Italy, 1719β1766
1895:
1742:
1704:
1686:
1668:
1490:
1454:
1290:
1169:
905:. By his wife he had two sons:
704:, this effectively secured the
533:also recognised him as king of
192:
5815:Lord high stewards of Scotland
4118:Old military roads of Scotland
3932:War of the Austrian Succession
3902:Capture of Eilean Donan Castle
3585:Independent Highland Companies
3306:. Cambridge University Press.
2997:. Cambridge University Press.
2553:. Allen Lane. pp. 25β36.
27:Jacobite pretender (1688β1766)
1:
5715:17th-century English nobility
5592:Henrietta, Duchess of OrlΓ©ans
5326:Isabella, Duchess of Brittany
5294:Margaret, Countess of Douglas
5229:Isabella, Countess of Douglas
4113:Traitors Transported Act 1746
3877:War of the Quadruple Alliance
2635:"James Francis Edward Stuart"
1326:Frederick V of the Palatinate
1001:Monument to the Royal Stuarts
999:. His grave is marked by the
970:their plans to invade Britain
499:
349:War of the Spanish Succession
67:
5745:Heirs to the Scottish throne
5623:Anne, Queen of Great Britain
5321:Margaret, Dauphine of France
3668:Sophie, Electress of Hanover
3376:James Francis Edward Stuart
2861:"A Stuart among the Quakers"
1090:label argent of three points
861:Philippe II, Duke of OrlΓ©ans
798:, and thirty years later to
656:. An 18th-century engraving.
62:Portrait from the studio of
5740:Heirs to the English throne
5725:18th-century British people
5720:17th-century Scottish peers
5700:James Francis Edward Stuart
5515:Elizabeth, Queen of Bohemia
5341:Alexander, Duke of Rothesay
5245:Marjorie, Countess of Moray
5240:Margaret, Lady of the Isles
4108:Treason Outlawries Act 1748
3340:Prince James Francis Edward
3334:James Francis Edward Stuart
2145:James Francis Edward Stuart
1715:James Francis Edward Stuart
958:Portrait of James from 1748
688:, a half-sister, came from
318:Glorious Revolution of 1688
288:claimant to the thrones of
282:James Francis Edward Stuart
42:James Francis Edward Stuart
5856:
5608:Charles, Duke of Cambridge
3602:Wars of the Three Kingdoms
3248:de Saint-Γvremond, Charles
3080:. www.stewartsociety.org.
2301:14. Hierronymus Martinozzi
2276:
2160:
2034:
1928:
422:at birth, and was created
32:Chevalier de Saint-Georges
29:
5676:
5587:Henry, Duke of Gloucester
5382:Alexander, Duke of Albany
5250:David, Earl of Strathearn
5219:Alexander, Earl of Buchan
5185:
5158:Stewart of Castle Stewart
5015:
4823:
4772:
4759:
4561:
4508:
4495:
4259:
4013:
3722:Williamite War in Ireland
3570:
3521:
3484:
3468:
3461:
3442:
3425:
3408:
3401:
3374:
3103:Vaughan, Herbert (1906).
2343:
2335:
2307:
2288:
2284:
2248:
2226:
2218:
2190:
2168:
2164:
2126:
2104:
2096:
2087:Henrietta Maria of France
2068:
2046:
2042:
2006:
1984:
1976:
1948:
1932:
1825:
1823:
1821:
1813:
1811:
1803:
1799:
1797:
1795:
1791:
1783:
1781:
1751:
1675:
1644:
1642:
1638:
1636:
1634:
1628:
1626:
1622:
1620:
1618:
1608:
1604:
1596:
1592:
1590:
1588:
1586:
1584:
1576:
1572:
1566:
1554:
1552:
1544:
1542:
1515:
1497:
1479:
1439:
1431:
1429:
1427:
1425:
1423:
1421:
1419:
1413:
1411:
1409:
1399:
1395:
1375:
1371:
1369:
1367:
1365:
1363:
1357:
1355:
1353:
1351:
1349:
1322:
1279:
1258:
1256:
1254:
1252:
1250:
1248:
1246:
1244:
1242:
1240:
1238:
1228:
1224:
1222:
1220:
1218:
1216:
1214:
1212:
1206:
1204:
1202:
891:Maria Clementina Sobieska
884:Maria Clementina Sobieska
851:Louise AdΓ©laΓ―de d'OrlΓ©ans
758:Filippo Antonio Gualterio
545:and refused to recognise
181:Maria Clementina Sobieska
55:
46:
5633:Edgar, Duke of Cambridge
5618:James, Duke of Cambridge
5444:Arthur, Duke of Rothesay
5351:Mary, Countess of Buchan
5336:Joan, Countess of Morton
5302:Elizabeth, Lady Dalkeith
5076:High Steward of Scotland
4088:Act of Proscription 1746
3887:Marquess of Tullibardine
2991:Corp, Edward T. (2011).
710:Kingdom of Great Britain
674:Battle of Preston (1715)
633:Kingdom of Great Britain
577:, trying to land at the
402:, first and only son of
391:James Francis Edward as
5805:English Roman Catholics
5775:People from Westminster
5628:Charles, Duke of Kendal
5470:James, Duke of Rothesay
5454:Alexander, Duke of Ross
5439:James, Duke of Rothesay
5372:Mary, Countess of Arran
5298:Mary, Countess of Angus
5281:David, Duke of Rothesay
4275:Edward the Black Prince
3892:General Joseph Wightman
3757:Battle of Killiecrankie
3302:Corp, Edward T (2009).
3230:Encyclopædia Britannica
3035:Encyclopædia Britannica
2587:29 January 2017 at the
770:Jacobite rising of 1719
672:(13 November 1715) and
490:Struggle for the throne
367:. Led by his elder son
5474:Robert, Duke of Albany
5255:Walter, Earl of Atholl
5224:Elizabeth, Lady Erroll
5214:Robert, Duke of Albany
5204:Robert III of Scotland
5163:Stewart of Balquhidder
5022:
4766:
4502:
3962:Battle of Falkirk Muir
3777:Declaration of Finglas
3663:Act of Settlement 1701
3064:www.libraryireland.com
3020:, pp. 98β99, 103.
2521:Women in World History
1045:
983:
959:
886:
871:, but her father Duke
856:Mademoiselle d'OrlΓ©ans
855:
725:
657:
592:administration led by
510:
502:1703, portrait in the
482:, two veterans of the
395:
334:Act of Settlement 1701
5377:James III of Scotland
5189:Robert II of Scotland
5021:
4765:
4515:Principality of Wales
4501:
4305:Edward of Westminster
3952:Battle of Prestonpans
3912:Battle of Coille Bhan
3897:Anglo-French Alliance
3857:Battle of Sheriffmuir
3822:1715 general election
3525:Charles Edward Stuart
3487:β TITULAR β
3293:Bevan, Bryan (1967).
2921:Corp, Edward (2010).
2712:: "Duke of Cornwall".
2682:20 April 2008 at the
2580:James Edward Gregg, '
1877:Henry Benedict Stuart
1869:"the Young Pretender"
1866:Charles Edward Stuart
1172: 1567/1603β1625
1043:
978:
957:
930:Bonnie Prince Charlie
916:Henry Benedict Stuart
910:Charles Edward Stuart
881:
837:Henry Benedict Stuart
833:Charles Edward Stuart
723:
708:'s monarchy over the
670:Battle of Sheriffmuir
651:
498:James Francis Edward
497:
406:and his second wife,
390:
369:Charles Edward Stuart
304:and his second wife,
217:Henry Benedict Stuart
212:Charles Edward Stuart
5664:Henry, Cardinal York
5643:Louisa Maria Theresa
5525:Charles I of England
5478:Mary, Queen of Scots
5413:James IV of Scotland
5387:David, Earl of Moray
5346:James II of Scotland
5265:Egidia, Lady Douglas
5209:Walter, Earl of Fife
5154:Stewart of Ballechin
4265:Edward of Caernarfon
4140:"James III and VIII"
3907:Battle of Glen Shiel
3692:Royal Stuart Society
3688:Neo-Jacobite Revival
3632:William III & II
3336:at Wikimedia Commons
2911:, pp. 102, 110.
2766:Battle of Malplaquet
2758:James rode with the
2495:"The Two Pretenders"
1967:Charles I of England
1070:Knight of the Garter
1011:End of papal support
993:St. Peter's Basilica
981:St. Peter's Basilica
846:Marriage and progeny
780:it came to nothing.
774:Battle of Glen Shiel
772:was defeated at the
339:Raised primarily in
167:St. Peter's Basilica
18:James III of England
5785:Princes of Scotland
5735:Jacobite pretenders
5449:James V of Scotland
5418:James, Duke of Ross
5286:James I of Scotland
4325:Edward of Middleham
4285:Richard of Bordeaux
4132:Jacobite succession
3772:Battle of the Boyne
3767:Massacre of Glencoe
3752:General Hugh Mackay
3641:Jacobite succession
3627:Glorious Revolution
3597:Union of the Crowns
3514:Jacobite succession
3478:deposed from throne
3146:Francois R. Velde.
3046:McLynn (1759) p. 81
2950:10.4000/mefrim.6296
2846:Paul Kleber Monod.
2661:Duke of Saint-Simon
2513:Mary II (1662β1694)
2511:Margaret McIntyre,
2444:King over the Water
2025:James II of England
1726:Louisa Maria Stuart
1718:"the Old Pretender"
936:the Young Pretender
702:allied with Britain
608:(1713), Harley and
515:Louis XIV of France
453:Glorious Revolution
404:James II of England
383:Birth and childhood
357:landing in Scotland
353:Louis XIV of France
312:and heir until his
302:James II of England
242:James II of England
5168:Stewart of Darnley
5023:
4767:
4503:
4067:Indemnity Act 1717
4058:Disarming Act 1715
3972:Battle of Culloden
3967:Siege of Inverness
3947:Duke of Cumberland
3937:Lord George Murray
3852:Siege of Inverness
3792:Treaty of Limerick
3732:King William's War
3622:James II & VII
3472:James II & VII
3463:Titles in pretence
3447:Title next held by
3421:(later Charles II)
3413:Title last held by
3127:on 11 October 2008
2978:Per Edward T. Corp
2944:(131β1): 177β200.
2887:, pp. 92, 96.
2865:journals.sas.ac.uk
2837:. Penguin, 2008.
2523:, vol. 10 (2001),
2061:Henry IV of France
1941:James I of England
1048:James was created
1046:
1036:Titles and honours
1018:Hanoverian dynasty
984:
960:
887:
831:James's two sons,
748:offered James the
726:
706:Hanoverian dynasty
658:
625:Elector of Hanover
575:attempted invasion
511:
508:Alexis Simon Belle
400:St. James's Palace
396:
136:Kingdom of England
132:St. James's Palace
79:Jacobite pretender
64:Alexis Simon Belle
5765:Dukes of Rothesay
5760:Dukes of Cornwall
5687:
5686:
5672:
5671:
5423:John, Earl of Mar
5392:John, Earl of Mar
5028:
5027:
4817:Dukes of Rothesay
4783:
4782:
4555:Dukes of Cornwall
4521:
4520:
4295:Henry of Monmouth
4219:
4218:
4180:"Robert I and IV"
4126:
4125:
4103:Sheriffs Act 1747
4021:a Jacobite banner
4011:
4010:
3957:Siege of Carlisle
3847:Battle of Preston
3787:Siege of Limerick
3782:Battle of Aughrim
3762:Battle of Dunkeld
3747:Patrick Sarsfield
3531:
3530:
3522:Succeeded by
3489:
3481:
3455:(later George II)
3332:Media related to
3211:978-0-316-84820-6
3198:Maclagan, Michael
3150:. Heraldica.org.
3078:"Famous Stewarts"
2811:The Royal Stuarts
2756:marquis de Quincy
2754:According to the
2560:978-0-141-97687-7
2403:
2402:
2399:
2398:
1910:
1909:
1906:
1905:
1510:Sophia of Hanover
895:John III Sobieski
785:Jacobite Peerages
614:Duchy of Lorraine
606:Treaty of Utrecht
523:Treaty of Ryswick
457:William of Orange
455:; Mary's husband
279:
278:
262:Roman Catholicism
16:(Redirected from
5847:
5830:Child pretenders
5755:Princes of Wales
5233:Jean, Lady Keith
5183:
5150:Stewart of Appin
5134:Earl of Galloway
5124:Marquess of Bute
5091:Duke of Richmond
5062:House of Stewart
5055:
5048:
5041:
5032:
5020:
4810:
4803:
4796:
4787:
4764:
4609:(1460; disputed)
4548:
4541:
4534:
4525:
4490:
4480:
4470:
4460:
4450:
4440:
4430:
4420:
4410:
4400:
4390:
4380:
4370:
4360:
4350:
4340:
4330:
4320:
4310:
4300:
4290:
4280:
4270:
4253:Princes of Wales
4246:
4239:
4232:
4223:
4150:"Henry IX and I"
4033:
4029:and later events
4019:
3742:Sir Ewen Cameron
3708:
3703:Jacobite risings
3617:The Killing Time
3557:
3550:
3543:
3534:
3517:
3485:
3475:
3469:Preceded by
3456:
3436:Duke of Rothesay
3432:Duke of Cornwall
3422:
3397:
3390:
3372:
3359:
3344:British monarchy
3331:
3317:
3298:
3281:
3280:
3267:
3258:
3257:
3244:
3233:
3222:
3216:
3215:
3190:
3173:
3170:
3164:
3163:
3161:
3159:
3143:
3137:
3136:
3134:
3132:
3117:
3111:
3110:
3100:
3094:
3093:
3091:
3089:
3074:
3068:
3067:
3056:
3047:
3044:
3038:
3027:
3021:
3015:
3009:
3008:
2988:
2979:
2976:
2970:
2969:
2933:
2927:
2926:
2918:
2912:
2906:
2900:
2894:
2888:
2882:
2876:
2875:
2873:
2871:
2857:
2851:
2844:
2838:
2833:Simms, Brendan.
2831:
2825:
2824:
2813:. Random House.
2806:
2800:
2799:
2793:
2785:
2783:
2781:
2752:
2746:
2745:
2743:
2741:
2726:
2713:
2709:Complete Peerage
2705:
2699:
2693:
2687:
2674:
2668:
2657:
2651:
2650:
2648:
2646:
2631:
2620:
2618:
2602:
2596:
2578:
2565:
2564:
2547:Keates, Jonathan
2543:
2532:
2509:
2503:
2502:
2491:
2485:
2484:
2482:
2480:
2465:
2446:
2436:
2326:Laura Martinozzi
2119:Marie de' Medici
1922:
1913:
1899:
1898: 1727β1760
1897:
1746:
1745: 1714β1727
1744:
1708:
1707: 1702β1714
1706:
1690:
1689: 1689β1694
1688:
1672:
1671: 1689β1702
1670:
1494:
1493: 1685β1688
1492:
1483:James II and VII
1458:
1457: 1660β1685
1456:
1294:
1293: 1625β1649
1292:
1173:
1171:
1134:
1133:
1123:
1116:
1109:
1100:
1052:on 4 July 1688.
869:Benedetta d'Este
858:
825:
816:
610:Lord Bolingbroke
504:Royal Collection
501:
476:Richard Hamilton
440:venereal disease
420:Duke of Rothesay
416:Duke of Cornwall
328:and her husband
275:
196:
194:
148:
128:
126:
97:James VII and II
72:
69:
60:
39:
21:
5855:
5854:
5850:
5849:
5848:
5846:
5845:
5844:
5780:English princes
5750:House of Stuart
5690:
5689:
5688:
5683:
5668:
5652:12th generation
5647:
5601:11th generation
5596:
5549:10th generation
5544:
5498:
5482:
5458:
5427:
5401:
5360:
5309:
5269:
5236:Katherine Logan
5192:
5178:
5172:
5138:
5114:Duke of Aubigny
5106:King of Ireland
5101:King of England
5064:
5059:
5029:
5024:
5018:
5013:
4912:Henry Frederick
4819:
4814:
4784:
4779:
4776:Cornwall Portal
4768:
4762:
4757:
4662:Henry Frederick
4557:
4552:
4522:
4517:
4504:
4493:
4483:
4473:
4463:
4453:
4443:
4433:
4423:
4413:
4403:
4393:
4383:
4373:
4365:Henry Frederick
4363:
4353:
4343:
4333:
4323:
4313:
4303:
4293:
4283:
4273:
4263:
4255:
4250:
4220:
4215:
4122:
4083:Jurors Act 1745
4071:
4028:
4022:
4020:
4007:
3981:
3923:
3916:
3868:
3861:
3803:
3796:
3737:Viscount Dundee
3727:Nine Years' War
3713:
3697:
3566:
3561:
3527:
3518:
3511:
3510:
3494:King of England
3490:
3482:
3474:
3454:
3453:
3448:
3439:
3434:
3430:
3428:Prince of Wales
3420:
3419:
3414:
3403:British royalty
3391:
3385:
3384:
3381:House of Stuart
3377:
3324:
3314:
3301:
3292:
3289:
3284:
3269:
3268:
3261:
3246:
3245:
3236:
3223:
3219:
3212:
3192:
3191:
3176:
3171:
3167:
3157:
3155:
3145:
3144:
3140:
3130:
3128:
3119:
3118:
3114:
3102:
3101:
3097:
3087:
3085:
3076:
3075:
3071:
3058:
3057:
3050:
3045:
3041:
3028:
3024:
3016:
3012:
3005:
2990:
2989:
2982:
2977:
2973:
2935:
2934:
2930:
2920:
2919:
2915:
2907:
2903:
2895:
2891:
2883:
2879:
2869:
2867:
2859:
2858:
2854:
2845:
2841:
2832:
2828:
2821:
2808:
2807:
2803:
2786:
2779:
2777:
2769:
2753:
2749:
2739:
2737:
2728:
2727:
2716:
2706:
2702:
2694:
2690:
2684:Wayback Machine
2675:
2671:
2658:
2654:
2644:
2642:
2633:
2632:
2623:
2604:
2603:
2599:
2589:Wayback Machine
2579:
2568:
2561:
2545:
2544:
2535:
2510:
2506:
2493:
2492:
2488:
2478:
2476:
2467:
2466:
2459:
2455:
2450:
2449:
2437:
2433:
2428:
2409:
2404:
1999:Anne of Denmark
1894:
1892:
1890:
1881:
1879:
1870:
1868:
1859:
1741:
1739:
1737:
1728:
1719:
1717:
1703:
1701:
1699:
1685:
1683:
1681:
1667:
1665:
1663:
1654:
1521:
1512:
1503:
1489:
1487:
1485:
1476:
1467:
1453:
1451:
1449:
1328:
1319:
1289:
1287:
1285:
1276:
1274:Henrietta Maria
1168:
1166:
1164:
1127:
1098:
1082:
1058:
1050:Prince of Wales
1038:
1013:
995:in present-day
989:
965:
938:", who led the
932:
924:Catholic Church
859:), daughter of
848:
843:
842:
841:
840:
828:
827:
826:
818:
817:
730:Papal territory
718:
676:. He landed at
646:
567:
521:under the 1697
492:
480:Dominic Sheldon
430:child had died
424:Prince of Wales
393:Prince of Wales
385:
377:House of Stuart
310:Prince of Wales
286:House of Stuart
221:
198:
190:
186:
183:
170:
150:
146:
130:
124:
122:
73:
70:
49:Prince of Wales
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
5853:
5851:
5843:
5842:
5840:Exiled royalty
5837:
5832:
5827:
5822:
5817:
5812:
5807:
5802:
5797:
5792:
5787:
5782:
5777:
5772:
5767:
5762:
5757:
5752:
5747:
5742:
5737:
5732:
5727:
5722:
5717:
5712:
5707:
5702:
5692:
5691:
5685:
5684:
5677:
5674:
5673:
5670:
5669:
5667:
5666:
5661:
5655:
5653:
5649:
5648:
5646:
5645:
5640:
5635:
5630:
5625:
5620:
5615:
5610:
5604:
5602:
5598:
5597:
5595:
5594:
5589:
5584:
5581:
5576:
5571:
5566:
5561:
5556:
5552:
5550:
5546:
5545:
5543:
5542:
5537:
5532:
5527:
5522:
5517:
5512:
5506:
5504:
5503:9th generation
5500:
5499:
5497:
5496:
5490:
5488:
5487:8th generation
5484:
5483:
5481:
5480:
5475:
5472:
5466:
5464:
5463:7th generation
5460:
5459:
5457:
5456:
5451:
5446:
5441:
5435:
5433:
5432:6th generation
5429:
5428:
5426:
5425:
5420:
5415:
5409:
5407:
5406:5th generation
5403:
5402:
5400:
5399:
5394:
5389:
5384:
5379:
5374:
5368:
5366:
5365:4th generation
5362:
5361:
5359:
5358:
5353:
5348:
5343:
5338:
5333:
5328:
5323:
5317:
5315:
5314:3rd generation
5311:
5310:
5308:
5307:
5304:
5299:
5296:
5291:
5288:
5283:
5277:
5275:
5274:2nd generation
5271:
5270:
5268:
5267:
5262:
5257:
5252:
5247:
5242:
5237:
5234:
5231:
5226:
5221:
5216:
5211:
5206:
5200:
5198:
5197:1st generation
5194:
5193:
5186:
5180:
5174:
5173:
5171:
5170:
5165:
5160:
5155:
5152:
5146:
5144:
5140:
5139:
5137:
5136:
5131:
5126:
5121:
5116:
5111:
5110:Lord of Sticks
5108:
5103:
5098:
5096:Duke of Albany
5093:
5088:
5086:Duke of Lennox
5083:
5081:Earl of Lennox
5078:
5072:
5070:
5066:
5065:
5060:
5058:
5057:
5050:
5043:
5035:
5026:
5025:
5016:
5014:
5012:
5011:
5009:(2022βpresent)
5003:
4995:
4987:
4979:
4971:
4963:
4955:
4947:
4939:
4931:
4927:Charles James
4925:
4917:
4909:
4901:
4893:
4885:
4879:
4873:
4865:
4857:
4849:
4841:
4833:
4824:
4821:
4820:
4815:
4813:
4812:
4805:
4798:
4790:
4781:
4780:
4773:
4770:
4769:
4760:
4758:
4756:
4755:
4753:(2022βpresent)
4747:
4739:
4731:
4723:
4715:
4707:
4699:
4691:
4683:
4675:
4667:
4659:
4651:
4643:
4635:
4627:
4619:
4611:
4603:
4595:
4587:
4579:
4571:
4562:
4559:
4558:
4553:
4551:
4550:
4543:
4536:
4528:
4519:
4518:
4509:
4506:
4505:
4496:
4494:
4492:
4491:
4488:(2022βpresent)
4481:
4471:
4461:
4451:
4441:
4431:
4421:
4411:
4401:
4391:
4381:
4371:
4361:
4351:
4341:
4331:
4321:
4311:
4301:
4291:
4281:
4271:
4260:
4257:
4256:
4251:
4249:
4248:
4241:
4234:
4226:
4217:
4216:
4214:
4213:
4206:
4199:
4192:
4187:
4182:
4177:
4172:
4167:
4162:
4157:
4152:
4147:
4142:
4136:
4134:
4128:
4127:
4124:
4123:
4121:
4120:
4115:
4110:
4105:
4100:
4095:
4093:Dress Act 1746
4090:
4085:
4079:
4077:
4076:The Forty-Five
4073:
4072:
4070:
4069:
4064:
4055:
4050:
4045:
4039:
4037:
4030:
4024:
4023:
4014:
4012:
4009:
4008:
4006:
4005:
4000:
3995:
3989:
3987:
3983:
3982:
3980:
3979:
3974:
3969:
3964:
3959:
3954:
3949:
3944:
3939:
3934:
3928:
3926:
3922:The Forty-Five
3918:
3917:
3915:
3914:
3909:
3904:
3899:
3894:
3889:
3884:
3882:Earl Marischal
3879:
3873:
3871:
3863:
3862:
3860:
3859:
3854:
3849:
3844:
3839:
3834:
3829:
3824:
3819:
3814:
3808:
3806:
3798:
3797:
3795:
3794:
3789:
3784:
3779:
3774:
3769:
3764:
3759:
3754:
3749:
3744:
3739:
3734:
3729:
3724:
3718:
3716:
3705:
3699:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3685:
3680:
3675:
3670:
3665:
3660:
3655:
3654:
3653:
3648:
3638:
3629:
3624:
3619:
3614:
3609:
3604:
3599:
3594:
3589:
3588:
3587:
3582:
3575:Scottish clans
3571:
3568:
3567:
3562:
3560:
3559:
3552:
3545:
3537:
3529:
3528:
3523:
3520:
3483:
3470:
3466:
3465:
3459:
3458:
3446:
3441:
3424:
3412:
3406:
3405:
3399:
3398:
3396:1 January 1766
3378:
3375:
3370:
3369:
3360:
3346:
3337:
3323:
3322:External links
3320:
3319:
3318:
3313:978-0521108379
3312:
3299:
3297:. Robert Hale.
3288:
3285:
3283:
3282:
3259:
3234:
3225:Mary of Modena
3217:
3210:
3174:
3165:
3138:
3112:
3095:
3069:
3048:
3039:
3022:
3010:
3003:
2980:
2971:
2928:
2913:
2901:
2889:
2877:
2852:
2839:
2826:
2819:
2801:
2747:
2714:
2700:
2698:, p. 278.
2688:
2669:
2652:
2621:
2597:
2566:
2559:
2533:
2504:
2486:
2456:
2454:
2451:
2448:
2447:
2438:Nicknamed the
2430:
2429:
2427:
2424:
2423:
2422:
2416:
2408:
2405:
2401:
2400:
2397:
2396:
2394:
2392:
2390:
2388:
2386:
2384:
2382:
2380:
2378:
2376:
2374:
2372:
2370:
2367:
2366:
2364:
2361:
2360:
2358:Laura Mazarini
2354:
2351:
2350:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2340:
2337:
2336:
2334:
2331:
2330:
2328:
2322:
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2302:
2299:
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2291:
2289:
2287:
2285:
2283:
2281:
2278:
2277:
2275:
2272:
2271:
2269:
2267:Mary of Modena
2263:
2260:
2259:
2256:
2255:
2253:
2250:
2249:
2247:
2244:
2243:
2237:
2234:
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2230:
2229:
2227:
2225:
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2205:
2202:
2201:
2198:
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2189:
2186:
2185:
2179:
2176:
2175:
2172:
2171:
2169:
2167:
2165:
2163:
2161:
2159:
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2153:
2150:
2149:
2147:
2141:
2138:
2137:
2134:
2133:
2131:
2128:
2127:
2125:
2122:
2121:
2115:
2112:
2111:
2108:
2107:
2105:
2103:
2101:
2098:
2097:
2095:
2092:
2091:
2089:
2083:
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2070:
2069:
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2063:
2057:
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2049:
2047:
2045:
2043:
2041:
2039:
2036:
2035:
2033:
2030:
2029:
2027:
2021:
2018:
2017:
2014:
2013:
2011:
2008:
2007:
2005:
2002:
2001:
1995:
1992:
1991:
1988:
1987:
1985:
1983:
1981:
1978:
1977:
1975:
1972:
1971:
1969:
1963:
1960:
1959:
1956:
1955:
1953:
1950:
1949:
1947:
1944:
1943:
1937:
1935:
1933:
1931:
1929:
1927:
1925:
1918:
1917:
1911:
1908:
1907:
1904:
1902:
1901:
1885:
1883:
1880:"Duke of York"
1874:
1872:
1863:
1861:
1854:
1852:
1850:
1848:
1846:
1844:
1842:
1840:
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1537:
1535:
1533:
1531:
1529:
1527:
1524:
1523:
1516:
1514:
1507:
1505:
1501:Mary of Modena
1498:
1496:
1480:
1478:
1471:
1469:
1462:
1460:
1443:
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1440:
1438:
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1402:
1400:
1398:
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1390:
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1382:
1380:
1378:
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1374:
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1368:
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1360:
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1323:
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1314:
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1310:
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1304:
1302:
1300:
1298:
1296:
1280:
1278:
1271:
1269:
1267:
1265:
1262:
1261:
1259:
1257:
1255:
1253:
1251:
1249:
1247:
1245:
1243:
1241:
1239:
1237:
1235:
1232:
1231:
1229:
1227:
1225:
1223:
1221:
1219:
1217:
1215:
1213:
1211:
1209:
1207:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1178:
1176:
1175:
1162:James VI and I
1159:
1157:
1155:
1153:
1151:
1149:
1147:
1145:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1130:
1129:
1126:
1125:
1118:
1111:
1103:
1097:
1094:
1081:
1078:
1077:
1076:
1057:
1054:
1037:
1034:
1012:
1009:
988:
985:
964:
961:
940:major uprising
931:
928:
927:
926:
913:
882:James's wife,
847:
844:
830:
829:
820:
819:
811:
810:
809:
808:
807:
778:Atterbury Plot
717:
716:Court-in-exile
714:
645:
642:
579:Firth of Forth
566:
565:Early attempts
563:
506:attributed to
491:
488:
426:in July 1688.
408:Mary of Modena
384:
381:
306:Mary of Modena
277:
276:
269:
265:
264:
259:
255:
254:
252:Mary of Modena
249:
245:
244:
239:
235:
234:
229:
223:
222:
220:
219:
214:
208:
206:
200:
199:
188:
184:
179:
178:
176:
172:
171:
169:, Vatican City
165:
163:
159:
158:
149:(aged 77)
145:1 January 1766
143:
139:
138:
120:
116:
115:
112:
111:
104:
100:
99:
94:
90:
89:
86:
82:
81:
75:
74:
61:
53:
52:
44:
43:
26:
24:
14:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
5852:
5841:
5838:
5836:
5835:Sons of kings
5833:
5831:
5828:
5826:
5823:
5821:
5818:
5816:
5813:
5811:
5808:
5806:
5803:
5801:
5798:
5796:
5793:
5791:
5788:
5786:
5783:
5781:
5778:
5776:
5773:
5771:
5768:
5766:
5763:
5761:
5758:
5756:
5753:
5751:
5748:
5746:
5743:
5741:
5738:
5736:
5733:
5731:
5728:
5726:
5723:
5721:
5718:
5716:
5713:
5711:
5708:
5706:
5703:
5701:
5698:
5697:
5695:
5682:
5681:
5675:
5665:
5662:
5660:
5657:
5656:
5654:
5650:
5644:
5641:
5639:
5636:
5634:
5631:
5629:
5626:
5624:
5621:
5619:
5616:
5614:
5611:
5609:
5606:
5605:
5603:
5599:
5593:
5590:
5588:
5585:
5582:
5580:
5577:
5575:
5572:
5570:
5567:
5565:
5562:
5560:
5557:
5554:
5553:
5551:
5547:
5541:
5538:
5536:
5533:
5531:
5528:
5526:
5523:
5521:
5518:
5516:
5513:
5511:
5508:
5507:
5505:
5501:
5495:
5492:
5491:
5489:
5485:
5479:
5476:
5473:
5471:
5468:
5467:
5465:
5461:
5455:
5452:
5450:
5447:
5445:
5442:
5440:
5437:
5436:
5434:
5430:
5424:
5421:
5419:
5416:
5414:
5411:
5410:
5408:
5404:
5398:
5395:
5393:
5390:
5388:
5385:
5383:
5380:
5378:
5375:
5373:
5370:
5369:
5367:
5363:
5357:
5354:
5352:
5349:
5347:
5344:
5342:
5339:
5337:
5334:
5332:
5329:
5327:
5324:
5322:
5319:
5318:
5316:
5312:
5305:
5303:
5300:
5297:
5295:
5292:
5289:
5287:
5284:
5282:
5279:
5278:
5276:
5272:
5266:
5263:
5261:
5258:
5256:
5253:
5251:
5248:
5246:
5243:
5241:
5238:
5235:
5232:
5230:
5227:
5225:
5222:
5220:
5217:
5215:
5212:
5210:
5207:
5205:
5202:
5201:
5199:
5195:
5190:
5184:
5181:
5175:
5169:
5166:
5164:
5161:
5159:
5156:
5153:
5151:
5148:
5147:
5145:
5141:
5135:
5132:
5130:
5129:Earl of March
5127:
5125:
5122:
5120:
5119:Earl of Moray
5117:
5115:
5112:
5109:
5107:
5104:
5102:
5099:
5097:
5094:
5092:
5089:
5087:
5084:
5082:
5079:
5077:
5074:
5073:
5071:
5067:
5063:
5056:
5051:
5049:
5044:
5042:
5037:
5036:
5033:
5010:
5007:
5004:
5002:
4999:
4996:
4994:
4991:
4988:
4986:
4983:
4980:
4978:
4975:
4974:Albert Edward
4972:
4970:
4967:
4964:
4962:
4959:
4956:
4954:
4951:
4948:
4946:
4943:
4940:
4938:
4935:
4932:
4930:
4926:
4924:
4921:
4918:
4916:
4913:
4910:
4908:
4905:
4902:
4900:
4897:
4894:
4892:
4889:
4886:
4884:
4880:
4878:
4874:
4872:
4869:
4866:
4864:
4861:
4858:
4856:
4853:
4850:
4848:
4845:
4842:
4840:
4837:
4834:
4832:
4829:
4826:
4825:
4822:
4818:
4811:
4806:
4804:
4799:
4797:
4792:
4791:
4788:
4778:
4777:
4771:
4754:
4751:
4748:
4746:
4743:
4740:
4738:
4735:
4732:
4730:
4727:
4724:
4722:
4719:
4718:Albert Edward
4716:
4714:
4711:
4708:
4706:
4703:
4700:
4698:
4695:
4692:
4690:
4689:(1688β1701/2)
4687:
4684:
4682:
4679:
4676:
4674:
4671:
4668:
4666:
4663:
4660:
4658:
4655:
4652:
4650:
4647:
4644:
4642:
4639:
4636:
4634:
4631:
4628:
4626:
4623:
4620:
4618:
4615:
4612:
4610:
4607:
4604:
4602:
4599:
4596:
4594:
4591:
4588:
4586:
4583:
4580:
4578:
4575:
4572:
4570:
4567:
4564:
4563:
4560:
4556:
4549:
4544:
4542:
4537:
4535:
4530:
4529:
4526:
4516:
4512:
4507:
4500:
4489:
4486:
4482:
4479:
4476:
4472:
4469:
4466:
4462:
4459:
4456:
4452:
4449:
4446:
4445:Albert Edward
4442:
4439:
4436:
4432:
4429:
4426:
4422:
4419:
4416:
4412:
4409:
4406:
4402:
4399:
4396:
4392:
4389:
4386:
4382:
4379:
4376:
4372:
4369:
4366:
4362:
4359:
4356:
4352:
4349:
4346:
4342:
4339:
4336:
4332:
4329:
4326:
4322:
4319:
4316:
4312:
4309:
4306:
4302:
4299:
4296:
4292:
4289:
4286:
4282:
4279:
4276:
4272:
4269:
4266:
4262:
4261:
4258:
4254:
4247:
4242:
4240:
4235:
4233:
4228:
4227:
4224:
4212:
4211:
4207:
4205:
4204:
4200:
4198:
4197:
4193:
4191:
4188:
4186:
4183:
4181:
4178:
4176:
4173:
4171:
4168:
4166:
4163:
4161:
4158:
4156:
4153:
4151:
4148:
4146:
4145:"Charles III"
4143:
4141:
4138:
4137:
4135:
4133:
4129:
4119:
4116:
4114:
4111:
4109:
4106:
4104:
4101:
4099:
4096:
4094:
4091:
4089:
4086:
4084:
4081:
4080:
4078:
4074:
4068:
4065:
4063:
4059:
4056:
4054:
4051:
4049:
4048:Clan Act 1715
4046:
4044:
4043:Riot Act 1714
4041:
4040:
4038:
4034:
4031:
4025:
4018:
4004:
4001:
3999:
3996:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3988:
3984:
3978:
3975:
3973:
3970:
3968:
3965:
3963:
3960:
3958:
3955:
3953:
3950:
3948:
3945:
3943:
3940:
3938:
3935:
3933:
3930:
3929:
3927:
3925:
3919:
3913:
3910:
3908:
3905:
3903:
3900:
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3885:
3883:
3880:
3878:
3875:
3874:
3872:
3870:
3864:
3858:
3855:
3853:
3850:
3848:
3845:
3843:
3842:Baronet Munro
3840:
3838:
3835:
3833:
3830:
3828:
3825:
3823:
3820:
3818:
3815:
3813:
3810:
3809:
3807:
3805:
3799:
3793:
3790:
3788:
3785:
3783:
3780:
3778:
3775:
3773:
3770:
3768:
3765:
3763:
3760:
3758:
3755:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3719:
3717:
3715:
3709:
3706:
3704:
3700:
3693:
3689:
3686:
3684:
3681:
3679:
3676:
3674:
3671:
3669:
3666:
3664:
3661:
3659:
3656:
3652:
3649:
3647:
3644:
3643:
3642:
3639:
3637:
3633:
3630:
3628:
3625:
3623:
3620:
3618:
3615:
3613:
3610:
3608:
3605:
3603:
3600:
3598:
3595:
3593:
3592:The Highlands
3590:
3586:
3583:
3581:
3578:
3577:
3576:
3573:
3572:
3569:
3565:
3558:
3553:
3551:
3546:
3544:
3539:
3538:
3535:
3526:
3516:
3515:
3509:
3508:
3507:
3503:
3499:
3495:
3488:
3479:
3473:
3467:
3464:
3460:
3457:
3452:
3445:
3438:
3437:
3433:
3429:
3423:
3418:
3411:
3407:
3404:
3400:
3395:
3388:
3383:
3382:
3373:
3368:
3364:
3361:
3358:
3354:
3350:
3347:
3345:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3330:
3326:
3325:
3321:
3315:
3309:
3305:
3300:
3296:
3291:
3290:
3286:
3278:
3274:
3273:
3266:
3264:
3260:
3255:
3254:
3249:
3243:
3241:
3239:
3235:
3232:
3231:
3226:
3221:
3218:
3213:
3207:
3203:
3199:
3195:
3189:
3187:
3185:
3183:
3181:
3179:
3175:
3169:
3166:
3153:
3149:
3142:
3139:
3126:
3122:
3116:
3113:
3108:
3107:
3099:
3096:
3083:
3079:
3073:
3070:
3065:
3061:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3043:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3031:
3026:
3023:
3019:
3014:
3011:
3006:
3004:9780521513272
3000:
2996:
2995:
2987:
2985:
2981:
2975:
2972:
2967:
2963:
2959:
2955:
2951:
2947:
2943:
2939:
2932:
2929:
2924:
2917:
2914:
2910:
2905:
2902:
2899:, p. 99.
2898:
2893:
2890:
2886:
2881:
2878:
2866:
2862:
2856:
2853:
2849:
2843:
2840:
2836:
2830:
2827:
2822:
2820:9781845950903
2816:
2812:
2805:
2802:
2797:
2791:
2775:
2774:
2767:
2763:
2762:
2761:Maison du Roi
2757:
2751:
2748:
2735:
2731:
2725:
2723:
2721:
2719:
2715:
2711:
2710:
2704:
2701:
2697:
2692:
2689:
2685:
2681:
2678:
2673:
2670:
2666:
2662:
2656:
2653:
2640:
2636:
2630:
2628:
2626:
2622:
2617:
2613:
2609:
2608:
2601:
2598:
2594:
2590:
2586:
2583:
2577:
2575:
2573:
2571:
2567:
2562:
2556:
2552:
2548:
2542:
2540:
2538:
2534:
2530:
2529:0-7876-4069-7
2526:
2522:
2518:
2514:
2508:
2505:
2500:
2496:
2490:
2487:
2474:
2470:
2464:
2462:
2458:
2452:
2445:
2441:
2440:Old Pretender
2435:
2432:
2425:
2420:
2417:
2414:
2411:
2410:
2406:
2395:
2393:
2391:
2389:
2387:
2385:
2383:
2381:
2379:
2377:
2375:
2373:
2371:
2369:
2368:
2365:
2363:
2362:
2359:
2353:
2352:
2349:
2348:
2339:
2338:
2333:
2332:
2327:
2321:
2320:
2317:
2316:
2311:
2310:
2305:
2304:
2298:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2280:
2279:
2274:
2273:
2268:
2262:
2261:
2258:
2257:
2252:
2251:
2246:
2245:
2242:
2241:Maria Farnese
2236:
2235:
2232:
2231:
2222:
2221:
2216:
2215:
2210:
2204:
2203:
2200:
2199:
2194:
2193:
2188:
2187:
2184:
2178:
2177:
2174:
2173:
2156:
2155:
2152:
2151:
2146:
2140:
2139:
2136:
2135:
2130:
2129:
2124:
2123:
2120:
2114:
2113:
2110:
2109:
2100:
2099:
2094:
2093:
2088:
2082:
2081:
2078:
2077:
2072:
2071:
2066:
2065:
2062:
2056:
2055:
2052:
2051:
2038:
2037:
2032:
2031:
2026:
2020:
2019:
2016:
2015:
2010:
2009:
2004:
2003:
2000:
1994:
1993:
1990:
1989:
1980:
1979:
1974:
1973:
1968:
1962:
1961:
1958:
1957:
1952:
1951:
1946:
1945:
1942:
1936:
1924:
1923:
1920:
1919:
1915:
1914:
1903:
1900:
1889:
1878:
1867:
1858:
1830:
1827:
1819:
1818:
1801:
1793:
1754:
1750:
1747:
1736:
1727:
1716:
1709:
1698:
1691:
1680:
1673:
1662:
1653:
1649:
1646:
1640:
1632:
1630:
1624:
1616:
1614:
1613:
1606:
1602:
1600:
1594:
1582:
1580:
1574:
1570:
1568:
1564:
1562:
1539:
1536:
1534:
1532:
1530:
1528:
1526:
1525:
1520:
1511:
1502:
1495:
1484:
1475:
1466:
1459:
1448:
1444:
1441:
1437:
1435:
1433:
1417:
1415:
1407:
1405:
1404:
1397:
1393:
1391:
1373:
1361:
1359:
1347:
1345:
1342:
1339:
1337:
1335:
1333:
1332:
1327:
1318:
1295:
1284:
1275:
1263:
1260:
1236:
1234:
1233:
1226:
1210:
1208:
1200:
1198:
1179:
1177:
1174:
1163:
1135:
1132:
1131:
1124:
1119:
1117:
1112:
1110:
1105:
1104:
1102:
1101:
1095:
1093:
1091:
1087:
1079:
1075:
1071:
1067:
1063:
1060:
1059:
1055:
1053:
1051:
1042:
1035:
1033:
1031:
1027:
1023:
1019:
1010:
1008:
1006:
1002:
998:
994:
986:
982:
977:
973:
971:
962:
956:
952:
950:
946:
941:
937:
929:
925:
921:
917:
914:
911:
908:
907:
906:
904:
900:
899:Montefiascone
896:
892:
885:
880:
876:
874:
870:
866:
862:
857:
852:
845:
838:
834:
824:
815:
806:
803:
801:
800:James Boswell
797:
793:
788:
786:
781:
779:
775:
771:
765:
763:
759:
755:
754:Innocent XIII
751:
747:
743:
739:
735:
731:
722:
715:
713:
711:
707:
703:
699:
695:
691:
687:
683:
679:
675:
671:
667:
663:
655:
650:
643:
641:
639:
634:
630:
626:
621:
617:
615:
611:
607:
603:
599:
595:
594:Robert Harley
591:
586:
584:
580:
576:
572:
564:
562:
560:
556:
552:
548:
544:
540:
536:
532:
528:
525:. Spain, the
524:
520:
516:
509:
505:
496:
489:
487:
485:
481:
477:
472:
470:
466:
461:
458:
454:
450:
446:
441:
437:
433:
427:
425:
421:
417:
413:
409:
405:
401:
394:
389:
382:
380:
378:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
346:
342:
337:
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
311:
307:
303:
299:
295:
291:
287:
283:
274:
270:
266:
263:
260:
256:
253:
250:
246:
243:
240:
236:
233:
230:
228:
224:
218:
215:
213:
210:
209:
207:
205:
201:
182:
177:
173:
168:
164:
160:
157:
153:
144:
140:
137:
133:
121:
117:
113:
109:
105:
101:
98:
95:
91:
87:
83:
80:
76:
65:
59:
54:
51:
50:
45:
40:
37:
33:
19:
5678:
5637:
5008:
5000:
4992:
4984:
4976:
4968:
4960:
4952:
4944:
4941:
4936:
4928:
4922:
4914:
4906:
4898:
4890:
4882:
4876:
4870:
4862:
4854:
4846:
4838:
4830:
4774:
4752:
4744:
4736:
4728:
4720:
4712:
4704:
4696:
4688:
4685:
4680:
4672:
4664:
4656:
4648:
4640:
4632:
4624:
4616:
4608:
4600:
4592:
4584:
4576:
4568:
4510:
4487:
4477:
4467:
4457:
4447:
4437:
4427:
4417:
4407:
4397:
4394:
4387:
4377:
4367:
4357:
4347:
4337:
4327:
4317:
4307:
4297:
4287:
4277:
4267:
4208:
4201:
4194:
4190:"Francis II"
4155:"Charles IV"
4139:
4027:Consequences
3867:The Nineteen
3812:β¦in Cornwall
3712:First rising
3645:
3512:
3492:
3491:
3486:
3449:
3443:
3426:
3415:
3409:
3393:
3389:10 June 1688
3386:
3379:
3303:
3294:
3276:
3271:
3252:
3228:
3220:
3201:
3168:
3156:. Retrieved
3141:
3129:. Retrieved
3125:the original
3115:
3105:
3098:
3086:. Retrieved
3072:
3063:
3042:
3033:
3025:
3018:Bevan (1967)
3013:
2993:
2974:
2941:
2931:
2922:
2916:
2909:Bevan (1967)
2904:
2897:Bevan (1967)
2892:
2885:Bevan (1967)
2880:
2868:. Retrieved
2864:
2855:
2847:
2842:
2834:
2829:
2810:
2804:
2778:. Retrieved
2772:
2759:
2750:
2738:. Retrieved
2707:
2703:
2691:
2672:
2664:
2655:
2643:. Retrieved
2610:, : , 1688,
2606:
2600:
2592:
2550:
2520:
2517:Anne Commire
2512:
2507:
2498:
2489:
2477:. Retrieved
2443:
2439:
2434:
2419:Touch pieces
2144:
1893:
1740:
1714:
1702:
1684:
1666:
1488:
1452:
1288:
1167:
1089:
1086:coat of arms
1083:
1073:
1065:
1061:
1047:
1022:"penal laws"
1014:
1005:Elizabeth II
997:Vatican City
990:
966:
933:
888:
849:
804:
789:
782:
766:
750:Palazzo Muti
727:
684:. Reputedly
682:Scone Palace
659:
629:George Louis
622:
618:
587:
568:
527:Papal States
512:
473:
469:Louisa Maria
462:
428:
397:
338:
324:half-sister
281:
280:
156:Papal States
152:Palazzo Muti
147:(1766-01-01)
129:10 June 1688
47:
36:
5710:1766 deaths
5705:1688 births
5001:(1952β2022)
4993:(1910β1936)
4985:(1901β1910)
4977:(1841β1901)
4969:(1762β1820)
4961:(1727β1751)
4953:(1714β1727)
4945:(1688β1689)
4937:(1630β1649)
4923:(1612β1625)
4915:(1594β1612)
4907:(1566β1567)
4899:(1540β1541)
4891:(1512β1513)
4883:(1509β1510)
4877:(1507β1508)
4871:(1473β1488)
4863:(1452β1460)
4855:(1430β1437)
4839:(1402β1406)
4831:(1398β1402)
4745:(1952β2022)
4737:(1910β1936)
4729:(1901β1910)
4721:(1841β1901)
4713:(1762β1820)
4705:(1727β1751)
4697:(1714β1727)
4681:(1630β1649)
4673:(1612β1625)
4665:(1603β1612)
4657:(1537β1547)
4641:(1502β1509)
4633:(1486β1502)
4625:(1483β1484)
4617:(1470β1483)
4601:(1453β1471)
4593:(1421β1422)
4585:(1399β1413)
4577:(1376β1377)
4569:(1337β1376)
4478:(1958β2022)
4468:(1910β1936)
4458:(1901β1910)
4448:(1841β1901)
4438:(1762β1820)
4428:(1751β1760)
4418:(1728β1751)
4408:(1714β1727)
4388:(1641β1649)
4378:(1616β1625)
4368:(1610β1612)
4358:(1537β1547)
4348:(1504β1509)
4338:(1489β1502)
4328:(1483β1484)
4318:(1471β1483)
4308:(1454β1471)
4298:(1399β1413)
4288:(1376β1377)
4278:(1343β1376)
4268:(1301β1307)
4170:"Francis I"
3827:Earl of Mar
3817:β¦in England
3802:The Fifteen
3612:Covenanters
3607:Restoration
3194:Louda, JiΕΓ
2499:Historic UK
1661:William III
963:Later years
835:(left) and
740:(1717) and
732:, first at
686:Jane Stuart
662:in Scotland
654:Sheriffmuir
644:The Fifteen
638:major riots
583:George Byng
547:William III
519:William III
436:warming pan
373:1745 Rising
330:William III
108:Charles III
93:Predecessor
71: 1712
5694:Categories
5559:Charles II
4175:"Mary III"
3837:Lord Lovat
3658:Queen Anne
3580:Clan chief
3564:Jacobitism
3519:1701β1766
2740:30 October
2645:30 October
2479:30 October
2453:References
1447:Charles II
1026:George III
792:Grand Tour
746:Clement XI
484:Irish Army
471:was born.
351:, in 1708
322:Protestant
134:, London,
125:1688-06-10
5583:Katherine
5574:Elizabeth
4958:Frederick
4844:Alexander
4702:Frederick
4415:Frederick
4165:"Mary II"
3678:George II
3200:(1999) .
2966:213575807
2958:1123-9891
2790:cite book
2696:Corp 2009
2616:606591965
1891:1683β1760
1888:George II
1882:1725β1807
1871:1720β1788
1860:1689β1700
1738:1660β1727
1729:1692β1712
1720:1688β1766
1700:1665β1714
1682:1662β1694
1664:1650β1702
1655:1649β1685
1522:1629β1698
1513:1630β1714
1504:1658β1718
1486:1633β1701
1477:1637β1671
1474:Anne Hyde
1468:1631β1660
1450:1630β1685
1329:1596β1632
1320:1596β1662
1286:1600β1649
1283:Charles I
1277:1609β1669
1165:1566β1625
1074:1692β1766
698:Louis XIV
678:Peterhead
559:attainted
432:stillborn
412:Catholics
355:backed a
308:, he was
268:Signature
103:Successor
5680:Category
5569:James II
5520:Margaret
5397:Margaret
5179:Stewarts
5143:Branches
4511:See also
3986:Abortive
3673:George I
3498:Scotland
3250:(1728).
3152:Archived
3082:Archived
3030:Jacobite
2870:28 March
2734:Archived
2680:Archived
2665:MΓ©moires
2639:Archived
2585:Archived
2549:(2015).
2531:, p. 516
2473:Archived
2407:See also
1735:George I
1096:Ancestry
1062:Jacobite
949:celibacy
920:cardinal
839:(right).
694:Montrose
666:Cornwall
598:de Torcy
573:, James
543:Scotland
314:Catholic
298:Scotland
258:Religion
154:, Rome,
85:Pretence
5613:Mary II
5006:William
4998:Charles
4934:Charles
4920:Charles
4881:Arthur
4750:William
4742:Charles
4678:Charles
4670:Charles
4606:Richard
4574:Richard
4485:William
4475:Charles
4385:Charles
4375:Charles
3942:Lochiel
3832:Rob Roy
3683:Toryism
3636:Mary II
3506:Ireland
3417:Charles
3365:at the
3351:at the
3287:Sources
3227:at the
3032:at the
2780:13 July
2764:in the
2519:(ed.),
1679:Mary II
1056:Honours
922:of the
903:Viterbo
901:, near
873:Rinaldo
734:Avignon
690:Wisbech
571:measles
551:Mary II
539:Ireland
535:England
410:, both
326:Mary II
294:Ireland
290:England
197:
189:
185:
5540:Sophia
5306:Egidia
5290:Robert
5069:Titles
4990:Edward
4982:George
4966:George
4950:George
4929:(1629)
4875:James
4847:(1430)
4734:Edward
4726:George
4710:George
4694:George
4654:Edward
4649:(1511)
4630:Arthur
4622:Edward
4614:Edward
4598:Edward
4566:Edward
4465:Edward
4455:George
4435:George
4425:George
4405:George
4398:(1688)
4355:Edward
4335:Arthur
4315:Edward
4210:Joseph
4203:Sophie
4185:Albert
4160:Victor
3924:(1745)
3869:(1719)
3804:(1715)
3714:(1689)
3502:France
3451:George
3444:Vacant
3410:Vacant
3392:
3310:
3208:
3088:20 May
3001:
2964:
2956:
2817:
2614:
2557:
2527:
865:Modena
742:Urbino
738:Pesaro
600:, the
531:Modena
529:, and
371:, the
341:France
320:. His
248:Mother
238:Father
232:Stuart
175:Spouse
162:Burial
5177:Royal
4942:James
4904:James
4896:James
4888:James
4868:James
4860:James
4852:James
4836:James
4828:David
4686:James
4646:Henry
4638:Henry
4590:Henry
4582:Henry
4395:James
4345:Henry
4036:Early
3440:1688
3394:Died:
3387:Born:
3275:[
3158:2 May
3131:2 May
2962:S2CID
2515:, in
2426:Notes
1030:Henry
987:Death
945:Henry
762:scudi
553:, or
345:Italy
227:House
204:Issue
191:(
187:
5579:Anne
5535:Mary
4062:1725
4060:and
4003:1759
3998:1744
3993:1708
3634:and
3504:and
3308:ISBN
3206:ISBN
3160:2010
3133:2010
3090:2016
2999:ISBN
2954:ISSN
2872:2021
2815:ISBN
2796:link
2782:2023
2742:2015
2647:2015
2612:OCLC
2555:ISBN
2525:ISBN
2481:2015
2356:15.
2239:13.
2181:12.
2117:11.
2059:10.
1697:Anne
1080:Arms
664:and
590:Tory
555:Anne
541:and
478:and
449:Anne
447:and
445:Mary
418:and
365:1719
363:and
361:1715
343:and
296:and
142:Died
119:Born
4196:Max
2946:doi
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2265:3.
2207:6.
2143:1.
2085:5.
2023:2.
1997:9.
1965:4.
1939:8.
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