91:
protection in Minden throughout
October and November, a matter that caused much consternation to Field Marshal Banier who sowed rumours about King preferring the Elector's to Swedish service. This was something King forcefully rejected, although he did seek instruction as to how to deal with Charles Louis and his army. These and similar letters reveal the rumours of King only escaping to Minden "with only five men" to be a fantasy as it is clear he had the vast majority of his troops with him in the town.
19:
177:'s expedition which initially landed in the Orkney Islands. But before he left Sweden, he aborted his mission to support Montrose, because Charles II reached an accommodation with the Covenanters and abandoned Montrose (who was subsequently captured by the Covenanters and executed in Edinburgh). King died in Stockholm on 9 June 1652, he was honoured by the Swedish court with a burial in the
82:
Palatinate causing tensions with some of their
Swedish allies. Moreover, tensions in Scotland saw Leslie leave to form the Army of the Covenant in Scotland leaving King in charge of the remnant Army of the Weser. With this much reduced force, coupled with fresh levies from England led by William Lord Craven, King was part of the allied forces defeated at the
122:. Indeed, his actions may have been sanctioned by Leslie who appeared to constantly protect him in the Scottish Parliament. However, his two surviving wills indicate that King was either a Roman Catholic or High Lutheran as he invokes the Holy Trinity in each - something not common in the typical Scottish testament of the period.
189:
King had two wives. His first wife was
Dilliana Van der Borchens (died c. 1634) who came from Pomerania. They had no children. With his second wife, whose name is not known, King had a daughter who died before him. From the wills that King has left to us we know that he left his goods and geir to his
90:
were captured by the victorious
Imperialists. James King blamed Rupert's rashness for the defeat, while Rupert in turn blamed King's caution. It is clear from the correspondence on the Swedish archives that King had managed to extract Charles Louis and his forces from the field and had them under his
81:
who had also fought at
Wittstock. He conducted a largely successful campaign around Minden throughout early 1637. However, the Swedish campaign began to falter and problems arose with the German allies. Many of the Scots found themselves unpopular in wishing to press for the Restoration of the
65:'s regiment. By 1634 King had gained some prominence and commanded three of the regiments at the siege of Hildesheim. For this action he was promoted Major General. By 1636, he was a Lieutenant General and commanded the left wing of the Swedish Army at the
125:
After the Civil War broke out in
England in 1642, King was created Lord Eythin and was despatched to the continent once more to recruit experienced soldiers from the various European armies and acquire munitions. He returned to England in the suite of
102:, while reaffirming King's loyal service to Sweden, still believed the Scot to be too loyal to Charles Louis - something which did not serve the Swedish agenda. Thus he was pensioned off in 1639. Thereafter King travelled to
149:, who left the army to join the king after an argument with Rupert. Devoid of an infantry commander, Rupert summoned Newcastle's troops to join him on Marston Moor, where he was preparing for battle with the Covenanter and
165:
army was destroyed, the
Royalist cavalry losing discipline and heading off in pursuit of plunder rather than hammering home their initial advantage. Newcastle and his senior officers, among them King, went into exile in
578:
253:
Rikskanslern Axel
Oxenstiernas skrifter och brefvexling, second series vol. 9 (Stockholm 1898), pp.934-939. Two letters, both James King to Oxenstierna and the Swedish Government, November 1638
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73:'s Army of the Weser. His report of the battle, and his role within it lay undetected until recently, but has now been published. After Wittstock, King's cavalry formed an
573:
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119:
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145:, where Newcastle's army had been besieged. Rupert had fallen out with the Lord General of Royalist forces,
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78:
127:
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157:. The meeting in the late afternoon between Rupert and King was apparently chilly. In the subsequent
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Network North: Scottish Kin, Commercial and Covert
Associations in Northern Europe, 1603-1746
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99:
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18:
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98:, although he was ennobled. One of the main problems was that the Swedish Chancellor
513:
The
Scotland, Scandinavia and Northern European Biographical Database [SSNE]
279:, vol. 7, 1637-1639 (Stockholm, 1895) p.586. State Council Minute, 6 September 1639.
432:"The Battle of Wittstock 1636: Conflicting Reports on a Swedish Victory in Germany"
422:
61:. He was recruited into the Swedish Army in 1615, and in 1622 he was a captain in
131:
414:
487:
449:
Alexander Leslie and the Scottish Generals of the Thirty Years' War, 1618-1648
373:, Aberdeen University Library Special Collections, MS2957/5/4/1, 20 April 1651
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403:
Murdoch, Steve; Wales, Tim (2009). "King, James, Lord Eythin (1589–1652)".
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In March 1650, he was to have taken part as Lieutenant General in
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496:. Vol. 31. London: Smith, Elder & Co. pp. 135–136.
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employed him initially as a military recruiter. He sat out the
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Because of these accusations, King was sidelined to duties in
389:, The National Archives at Kew, SP 81/47, f.102, 28 June 1639
338:
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430:
Murdoch, Steve; Zickermann, Kathrin; Marks, Adam (2012),
503:
An Unofficial Alliance: Scotland and Sweden, 1569–1654
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Certificate of General King upon arms sent to England
118:, thus avoiding conflict with his long-time comrade,
579:
Royalist military personnel of the English Civil War
381:, Nottinghamshire Archives DD/4P/41/5, 10 June 1646
510:Grosjean, Alexia; Murdoch, Steve (November 2004).
354:
316:
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465:"Scots in Sweden – Seventeenth Century – Part 1"
327:
241:
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398:, Leiden, pp. 17–18, 39–48, 233, 356–357
134:, he was appointed Lieutenant General to the
57:James King was born on Warbester Hoy, in the
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409:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
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170:after quitting Rupert's service in disgust.
288:
447:Murdoch, Steve; Grosjean, Alexia (2014),
181:, the burial place of the Swedish kings.
564:Scottish people of the Thirty Years' War
406:Oxford Dictionary of National Biography
300:
198:
141:On 2 July 1644, Prince Rupert relieved
574:Peers of Scotland created by Charles I
379:The Will of James King (notarial copy)
371:The Will of James King (notarial copy)
7:
230:Murdoch, Zickermann & Marks 2012
114:between Charles I and the Scottish
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483:"King, James (1589?-1652?)"
493:Dictionary of National Biography
190:nephews, James and David King.
584:Scottish expatriates in Sweden
463:Berg, Jonas; Lagercrantz, Bo.
77:supported by his fellow Scot,
37:army, and who later supported
1:
516:. University of St Andrews.
423:UK public library membership
277:Svenska Riksrådets Protokoll
328:Murdoch & Grosjean 2014
242:Murdoch & Grosjean 2014
218:Murdoch & Grosjean 2014
206:Murdoch & Grosjean 2014
33:soldier, who served in the
27:James King, 1st Lord Eythin
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88:Prince Rupert of the Rhine
79:Major General John Ruthven
501:Grosjean, Alexia (2003).
480:Goodwin, Gordon (1892).
451:, Pickering & Chatto
343:Murdoch & Wales 2009
275:Severin Bergh (editor),
45:, and then later in the
394:Murdoch, Steve (2006),
355:Will of James King 1651
317:Will of James King 1651
313:Will of James King 1646
467:. electricscotland.com
415:10.1093/ref:odnb/15566
159:Battle of Marston Moor
23:
22:James King Lord Eythin
136:Marquess of Newcastle
128:Queen Henrietta Maria
21:
559:Scottish mercenaries
549:Nobility from Orkney
262:repeated in Wilson,
330:, pp. 126–134.
67:Battle of Wittstock
232:, pp. 71–109.
29:(1589–1652) was a
24:
554:Scottish generals
421:(Subscription or
303:, pp. 44–47.
220:, pp. 80–85.
179:Riddarholm Church
153:besiegers led by
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100:Axel Oxenstierna
84:Battle of Vlotho
71:Alexander Leslie
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544:1652 deaths
539:1589 births
488:Lee, Sidney
132:Bridlington
116:Covenanters
69:as part of
533:Categories
471:2 December
425:required.)
364:References
569:Cavaliers
522:1749-7000
505:. Leiden.
96:Stockholm
53:Biography
442:: 71–109
175:Montrose
163:Royalist
31:Scottish
490:(ed.).
266:, p.595
168:Hamburg
104:Hamburg
63:Ruthven
41:in the
35:Swedish
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185:Family
161:, the
106:where
486:. In
194:Notes
518:ISSN
473:2012
143:York
411:doi
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