314:, conditions had worsened as Liberia struggled to modernize its largely agricultural economy. The cost of imported goods was far greater than the income generated by the nation's exports of coffee, rice, palm oil, sugarcane, and timber. As a result, Payne made efforts to increase the country's foreign trade. However, despite his efforts, Liberia's economy dwindled. Indeed, the Liberian dollar lost more than 70% of its value due to decreasing imports and excessive exports to the industrial nations of the Atlantic. Payne retired after this difficult term, but he could claim a few important successes. By the end of the term in 1878, for example, most European and North American countries recognized Liberia's independence.
818:
300:
in
Liberia, whom he believed early settlers and leaders had for the most part ignored. He likewise worked to extend Liberia's trading and political ties with Europe. gaining recognition from Denmark and Sweden but struggling to maintain Liberia's economy as both Europe and the United States began to
309:
Payne was elected a second time in 1876, again serving a single two-year term. Escalating economic difficulties began to weaken the
Liberia's dominance over the coastal indigenous population. When the financially burdened ACS withdrew its support from the young republic in the years after the
322:
Payne married three times in his life. He was widowed twice. He had nine children in total. On leaving political office in 1878, Payne continued his lifelong involvement in church work. In 1880, he was the
Liberian delegate at the General Conference of the Methodist Episcopal Church in
295:
Payne was elected as the fourth president of
Liberia in 1868 and served a single two-year term. During his presidency, he worked to end the slave trade that still took place along Liberia's coast. During his first term, he improved government relations with the
282:. He later became a successful writer in these areas. As an adult, he was appointed by the Liberian government to work to complete the severance of Liberia's ties to the American Colonization Society.
893:
883:
637:
863:
447:"Roll Of Emigrants That Have Been Sent To The Colony Of Liberia, Western Africa, By The American Colonization Society And Its Auxiliaries, To September 1843"
888:
782:
630:
31:
873:
547:
898:
868:
449:
717:
255:—having seven-eights European ancestry and one-eighth African ancestry. When Payne was ten years old, his family emigrated to
858:
623:
268:
878:
331:. The next year, he was elected president of the Methodist Annual Conference of Liberia. James Spriggs Payne died in
365:
branch of the Blyden family are descended from Payne through his granddaughter Anna
Erskine, who was the partner of
362:
216:
196:
251:
in 1824. Payne was noted for having a rather light complexion, with some estimates claiming that he was indeed an
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543:
487:
392:
Liberia: America's
Footprint in Africa: Making the Cultural, Social, and Political Connections
344:
In
January 1882, he was awarded an honorary doctor of divinity degree by Liberia College (now
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389:
752:
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727:
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Topic : the U.S. Liberian dollar parity : its post-war economic implications
215:, from 1868 to 1870 and from 1876 to 1878. He was the last president to belong to the
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516:(6). Embassy of the Republic of Liberia in the United States: 7. June 1952
243:. His father, David M. Payne, was a Methodist minister and was ordained a
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211:(December 19, 1819 – January 31, 1882) served as the fourth and eighth
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267:, Liberia's future first president, under the auspices of the
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A Will to Choose: The origins of
African American Methodism
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Aside from religion, the young Payne showed interest in
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Thomas Morris
Chester, Black Civil War Correspondent
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465:Thomas Morris Chester & R. J. M. Blackett,
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506:"James S. Payne, Second President of Liberia"
235:parents. Payne grew up in a deeply religious
8:
361:Besides Payne's descendants in Liberia, the
829:indicates non-presidential heads of state.
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624:
616:
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103:January 3, 1876 – January 7, 1878
56:January 6, 1868 – January 3, 1870
29:
18:
894:19th-century African-American politicians
424:Dictionary Of African Christian Biography
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16:President of Liberia (1868–70, 1876–78)
884:Republican Party (Liberia) politicians
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864:Politicians from Richmond, Virginia
542:, Rowman & Littlefield, 2007,
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889:19th-century Liberian politicians
816:
1:
395:, iUniverse.com, 2013, p. 72.
269:American Colonization Society
348:) for his life achievements.
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480:Vinton, David K. (1993).
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874:Methodists from Virginia
358:area is named after him.
239:family and was a devout
899:19th-century Methodists
869:Americo-Liberian people
591:Joseph Jenkins Roberts
420:"Payne, James Spriggs"
298:indigenous communities
265:Joseph Jenkins Roberts
126:Joseph Jenkins Roberts
859:Presidents of Liberia
647:Presidents of Liberia
564:Daniel Bashiel Warner
434:Melton (2007), p. 58.
352:Spriggs Payne Airport
346:University of Liberia
318:Later life and family
79:Daniel Bashiel Warner
598:President of Liberia
571:President of Liberia
367:Edward Wilmot Blyden
213:president of Liberia
44:President of Liberia
879:Liberian Methodists
608:Anthony W. Gardiner
538:Melton, J. Gordon,
263:, the same ship as
249:Virginia Conference
209:James Spriggs Payne
138:Anthony W. Gardiner
23:James Spriggs Payne
556:Political offices
452:2008-07-05 at the
390:Jesse N. Mongrue,
312:American Civil War
231:, in 1819 to free
229:Richmond, Virginia
227:Payne was born in
166:Richmond, Virginia
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614:
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605:Succeeded by
581:Edward James Roye
578:Succeeded by
339:Legacy and honors
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163:December 19, 1819
91:Edward James Roye
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217:Republican Party
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176:January 31, 1882
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148:Personal details
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518:. Retrieved
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294:
273:
260:
259:on the brig
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178:(1882-01-31)
133:Succeeded by
98:
86:Succeeded by
51:
42:4th and 8th
854:1882 deaths
849:1819 births
305:Second term
121:Preceded by
74:Preceded by
843:Categories
768:Kpormakpor
743:E. Barclay
728:A. Barclay
602:1876–1878
575:1868–1870
374:References
325:Cincinnati
291:First term
286:Presidency
233:mixed-race
223:Early life
197:Republican
159:1819-12-19
773:Sankawulo
713:Cheeseman
335:in 1882.
280:economics
241:Christian
237:Methodist
99:In office
52:In office
698:Gardiner
492:32856174
450:Archived
356:Monrovia
333:Monrovia
276:politics
253:octoroon
183:Monrovia
798:Sirleaf
753:Tolbert
718:Coleman
708:Johnson
703:Russell
688:Roberts
658:Roberts
533:Sources
354:in the
261:Harriet
257:Liberia
247:by the
187:Liberia
808:Boakai
793:Bryant
783:Taylor
763:Sawyer
748:Tubman
733:Howard
723:Gibson
668:Warner
663:Benson
546:
490:
245:deacon
778:Perry
693:Payne
683:Smith
673:Payne
803:Weah
788:Blah
738:King
678:Roye
544:ISBN
522:2023
488:OCLC
486:. .
363:Krio
329:Ohio
278:and
173:Died
153:Born
758:Doe
845::
512:.
508:.
439:^
422:,
400:^
382:^
327:,
271:.
219:.
185:,
639:e
632:t
625:v
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161:)
157:(
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