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587:(2007) incorporates both water and landscaping. This Skyspace is an open-air pavilion, with a canopy structure and aperture, lighting program, pool, and landscaping, situated in the Draper Courtyard at Pomona College. The 16-square-foot (1.5 m) canopy aperture mirrors the continuous pool below, which is surrounded by granite seating and landscaping. At its opening, David Pagel of the
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In 2009 the first museum worldwide dedicated to
Turrell's work was opened in the province of Salta, Argentina. It is part of the Hess Collection at Colome. The light art pieces represent five decades of the artist's career, like a time tunnel, and are exhibited in a progression of nine rooms within a
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has been long shrouded in secrecy and access limited to friends of the artist, although fans have sneaked in without the artist's permission. More recently, a program was established by which devoted fans can gain sanctioned access by completing the "Turrell Tour", which involves seeing a
Turrell in
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opened at the Liss Ard Estate, Skibbereen, Co Cork, Ireland. The giant earth and stoneworks has a crater at its center. A visitor enters through a doorway in the perimeter of the rim, walks through a passage and climbs stairs to enter, then lies on the central plinth and looks upwards to experience
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work in 2023 and worked with
Turrell to convert the original cold cathode tubes, which were becoming impossible to replace, with LED lights. The change allowed for a wider range of colors compared to the original that was "shades of tinted white" at sunrise and sunset; now the lighting program is
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to collaborate on the project, changing the name to the "ASU-Roden Crater
Project." This collaboration hopes to employ the interdisciplinary resources of ASU to better use and maintain the project. ASU has already begun including the facilities into course curriculum, including one class titled
433:. "You could say I'm a mound builder," he said. "I make things that take you up into the sky. But it's not about the landforms. I'm working to bring celestial objects like the sun and moon into the spaces that we inhabit." He added: "I apprehend lightâI make events that shape or contain light."
896:, the artist's first exhibition in a New York museum since 1980. The exhibition focused on the artist's explorations of perception, light, color and space. A new project, Aten Reign (2013), recast the Guggenheim rotunda as an enormous volume filled with shifting artificial and natural light.
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to the east of the great house. Turrell's
Skyspace presents itself from the exterior as an oak-clad building raised on stilts. From the inside of the structure, the viewer's point of view is focused upwards and inevitably lured into contemplating the sky as framed by the open roof.
551:, consisting of two rooms: In the lower, cubic room (Camera Obscura Space), the visitor sees an image of the sky which is being reflected through a lens on the ground. In the upper, cylindrical room (Sky Space), the sky can be seen directly through a hole in the ceiling.
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1,700-square-metre (18,000 sq ft) space. The experience concludes with a remarkable example of
Turrell's exhibited sky spaces, created within the inner courtyard of the museum, which reaches maximum intensity in the views of the Andean sky at dawn and sunset.
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article on L.A. collectors building skyspaces in their backyards, Jori Finkel describes a skyspace as a "celestial viewing room designed to create the rather magical illusion that the sky is within reach â stretched like a canvas across an opening in the ceiling".
782:. It consists of a room that appears to have a blank canvas on display, but the "canvas" is actually a rectangular hole in the wall, illuminated to look otherwise. Security guards are known to come up to unsuspecting visitors and say "Touch it! Touch it!"
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movement. He is considered the "master of light" often creating art installations that mix natural light with artificial color through openings in ceilings thereby transforming internal spaces by ever shifting and changing color.
367:, used several rooms in the former Mendota Hotel in Santa Monica which were sealed off, with the window apertures controlled by the artist to allow natural and artificial light to enter the darkened spaces in specific ways.
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the sky framed by the rim of the crater. "The most important thing is that inside turns into outside and the other way around, in the sense that relationships between the Irish landscape and sky changes" (James
Turrell).
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and Doug
Wheeler, was coming into prominence. By covering the windows and only allowing prescribed amounts of light from the street outside to come through the openings, Turrell created his first light projections. In
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1195:(Documents The Elliptic Ecliptic and Arcus, two temporary installations accompanying the last total eclipse of the 20th century), Ostfildern-Ruit : Michael Hue-Williams Fine Art, London in association with
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has been announced and pushed back several times since the 1990s. The last time
Turrell or his team went on record talking about a completion date, the goal was 2011; but according to a 2013 article in the
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I feel my work is made for one being, one individual. You could say that's me, but that's not really true. It's for an idealized viewer. Sometimes I'm kind of cranky coming to see something. I saw the
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Turrell is also known for his light tunnels and light projections that create shapes that seem to have mass and weight, though they are created with only light. Three such works by
Turrell (
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Turrell's works defy the "accelerated" habits of many people, especially when looking at art. He feels that viewers spend so little time with the art that this makes it hard to appreciate.
344:(1968) he used screened partitions, allowing a radiant effusion of concealed light to create an artificially flattened effect within the given space. That same year, he participated in the
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in perceptual psychology and further studies in mathematics, geology, and astronomy. He began experimenting with light projections during his time in the graduate Studio Art program at the
1380:, Berkeley/Los Angeles/Oxford : University of California Press, 1990, p. 2). Pasadena is given in a biographical note to the introductory leaflet for the 1993 exhibition at the
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when it was in L.A., saw it for 13 seconds and had to move on. But, you know, there's this slow-food movement right now. Maybe we could also have a slow-art movement, and take an hour.
401:. Since then he has spent decades moving tons of dirt and building tunnels and apertures to turn this crater into a massive naked-eye observatory for experiencing celestial phenomena.
480:, which consists of a square room with a rectangular opening cut directly into the ceiling, is a recreation of such a meeting house. In 2013, Turrell created another Quaker skyspace,
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for the Society of Friends, with an opening or skyhole in the roof, wherein the notion of light takes on a decidedly religious connotation. (See PBS documentary). His work
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mission; Turrell called it "a humanitarian mission" â and that he found "some beautiful places to fly". For years he restored antique airplanes to support his "art habit".
212:. His father, Archibald Milton Turrell, was an aeronautical engineer and educator. His mother, Margaret Hodges Turrell, trained as a medical doctor and later worked in the
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is an enclosed room large enough for roughly 15 people. Inside, the viewers sit on benches along the edge to view the sky through an opening in the roof. As a lifelong
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266:, where he began making work using light projections. His studies at Irvine were interrupted in 1966, when he was arrested for coaching young men to avoid the Vietnam
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DVD first published by Centre Pompidou 2006 then published by C.A. Productions 2017 Paris : a presentation of James Turrell's work and the Roden Crater project
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James Turrell's work has been exhibited at public art spaces as well as commercial galleries around the world. He is represented by HÀusler Contemporary in ZƱrich,
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was a "Ganzfeld" work, which is a light installation that covers 700 square meters in area and 12 meters in height. Also in 2009, the opening of the artwork
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Two separate shots side-by-side looking up toward the ceiling in the middle of the Guggenheim Museum in New York during James Turrell's light exhibition
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855:, Turrell's largest exhibition in Germany to date, opened in October 2009 and continued through October 2010. Amongst the works featured in the
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in Napa Valley, in which visitors swim through a tunnel into the outdoor pool, where an aperture in the roof displays a perfect slice of sky.
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also has a skyspace, whose view of the sunrise has been described as "the almost imperceptible change into deep blue was incredibly moving".
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in 1984. His works, which explore perception and the nature of light, have been exhibited in major museums and public art spaces worldwide.
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Turrell's work is represented in numerous public collections, including the Massachusetts Museum of Contemporary Art, North Adams; the
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In February 2020, the Pace Gallery in London held a Turrell exhibition to demonstrate the "culmination of Turrell's lifelong pursuit".
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2220:"How Do You Care for an Artwork that Has No Physical Form? A Conversation on Media and Time-Based Works in the Walker's Collections"
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In 1966, Turrell began experimenting with light in his Santa Monica studio, the Mendota Hotel, at a time when the so-called
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In the 1970s, Turrell began his series of "skyspaces" enclosed spaces open to the sky through an aperture in the roof. A
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family. He obtained his pilot's license at the age of 16 and later registered as a conscientious objector during the
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Biographical note to the introductory leaflet for the 1993 exhibition at the Hayward Gallery, South Bank, London, UK
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Art critic John McDonald writes that Turrell's works are "dull to describe but magical to experience".
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Turrell's innovative use of light and space has earned him numerous accolades, including being named a
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Although he works in the American desert, Turrell does not consider himself an earthworks artist like
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Turrell, James: (2001) mit BeitrÀgen von Daniel Birnbaum et al., herausgegeben von Peter Noever
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Completed in 2008, Turrell devised an indoor pool in Connecticut for collectors Lisa and
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1714:"Letting in the light: ASU, artist James Turrell to partner on masterwork in the desert"
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13 (1930) : 6â29. (the first psychophysiological study with regard to Ganzfelds)
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389:, the site of an epic artwork in progress by James Turrell outside Flagstaff, Arizona
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270:. He spent about a year in jail. In 1973, he received an Master of Arts degree from
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Turrell obtained a pilot's license when he was 16 years old. Later, registered as a
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348:'s Art and Technology Program, investigating perceptual phenomena with the artist
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262:. The following year, Turrell enrolled in the graduate Studio Art program at the
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Seeing the light: James Turrell unveils new work at Kayne Griffin Corcoran in LA
1422:, Berkeley/Los Angeles/Oxford : University of California Press, 1990, p. 2.
1212:, An overview of Turrell's development from 1967 to 2001 Ostfildern-Ruit: Cantz
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1763:"Why a James Turrell 'light chamber' is the ultimate at-home art installation"
1685:"James Turrell Allowing Limited Visitors to Roden Crater for $ 6,500 a Person"
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President Barack Obama presents the National Medal of Arts to Turrell in 2014
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Birthplace sometimes given as Los Angeles (for instance, see Adcock, Craig,
1332:"In the Elite World of Private Schools, a James Turrell Skyspace Gets an A."
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In Uruguay, James Turrell Debuts His Latest Shrine to Light at Posada Ayana
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1062:, Turrell's works are in the collections of several museums, including the
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1094:("Southern Temple") to accommodate a sensory-deprivation work by Turrell,
1027:, Easton, Maryland. Internationally, his works have been installed at the
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2464:. © 2013 The Solomon R. Guggenheim Foundation (SRGF). All rights reserved
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Ratcliff, Carter. Zajonc, Arthur. Antonakos, Stephen, 1926â2013. (2002).
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was open to a select group of 80 people at a cost of $ 6,500 per person.
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1086:(2004). As part of the Chichu Art Museum's Art House Project, architect
677:(2016) in Oystese (Norway), located by the Hardangerfjord and a part of
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2878:"The House Of Light â A Design Masterpiece by James Turrell in Niigata"
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James Turrell: Early Light Works, November 13, 2004 â February 12, 2005
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137:(born May 6, 1943) is an American artist known for his work within the
2484:"A tour through James Turrell's epic Immersive Light exhibition â Art"
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444:"Indigenous Stories and Sky Science" taught by Professor Dalla Costa.
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materials. A pivotal environment Turrell developed from 1969 to 1974,
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Much of Turrell's career has been devoted to a still-unfinished work,
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737:, which creates the sensation of swimming in a mirrored light box.
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764:. Turrell's 1968 projection of a suspended luminous pink pyramid,
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called it "one of the best works of public art in recent memory".
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James Turrell Studio, personal communication, January 28, 2019.
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in Unna, Germany, was accompanied by the four-month exhibition
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2923:"James A. Turrell - John Simon Guggenheim Memorial Foundation"
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Turrell has received numerous awards in the arts, including a
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In early 2017, his work was featured in the solo exhibition,
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James Turrell Aims To Reach The Sublime By Conquering Heaven
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The John D. and Catherine T. MacArthur Foundation Fellowship
2852:"Changing Perceptions: Contemporary Art on Naoshima Island"
2801:"James Turrell at 21st Century Museum of Contemporary Art"
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https://walkerart.org/collections/artworks/sky-pesher-2005
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2436:"How the Guggenheim Installed James Turrell's Aten Reign"
1931:"Why swimming pools are making a splash in the art world"
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multicolored. The seats in this installation are heated.
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In 2001, Turrell made a âsky roomâ and pool for Nora and
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Wolfgang Metzger, "Optische Untersuchungen am Ganzfeld"
1973:"The new garden at Houghton Hall, King's Lynn, Norfolk,"
917:, an installation of nine Turrell works, is on view at
2679:"Joseph's Coat Skyspace by James Turrell - EverGreene"
1990:"James Turrell Makes the Sky Look Like a Pantone Chip"
1353:"How James Turrell Knocked the Art World Off Its Feet"
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James Turrell: Geometrie di luce. Roden Crater Project
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On April 22, 2009, the James Turrell Museum opened in
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Nancy Marmer, "James Turrell: The Art of Deception",
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Manhattan private school to unveil James Turrell work
2092:"James Turrell: MAKlite Reloaded â MAK Museum Vienna"
1271:, PBS Documentary, Biography in text and online clip.
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A Companion Guide to the Welsh National Museum of Art
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Fellows of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences
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Members of the American Academy of Arts and Letters
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2300:In Their Words: James Turrell and Andy Goldsworthy
1632:Art review: The light through James Turrell's eyes
1244:Los Angeles County Museum of Art and Prestel, US,
820:in 1967. Solo exhibitions have since included the
3059:Into The Light: A Conversation with James Turrell
1129:In 2004, he was awarded an honorary doctorate by
1064:21st Century Museum of Contemporary Art, Kanazawa
193:, which laid the foundation for his later works.
4205:The International Association of Blacks in Dance
3044:works + conversations interview of James Turrell
2038:"Marsh Award for Excellence in Public Sculpture"
4359:United States National Medal of Arts recipients
1841:"Five Bedrooms, Pool and Custom-Built Skyspace.
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2949:"Obama admits boyhood crush on Linda Ronstadt"
1226:. Cardiff: National Museum Wales Books. 2011.
608:Marsh Award for Excellence in Public Sculpture
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3049:Article from ARK Finnish Architectural Review
2458:"James Turrell: June 21 â September 25, 2013"
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1269:James Turrell, Live Oak Friends Meeting house
816:Turrell was given his first solo show at the
418:23 countries worldwide, and during May 2015,
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4379:Members of the Royal Swedish Academy of Arts
1590:: CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list (
1240:Govan, Michael and Christine Y. Kim: (2013)
4096:The Musicians of the United States Military
2903:"Staying in James Turrel's House of Light."
1740:Herberger Institute for Design and the Arts
1479:"James Turrell, Skyscape, The Way of Color"
1146:Berkeley: University of California Press,
932:, New York, Hiram Butler Gallery, Houston,
537:is part of the permanent exhibition of the
441:Herberger Institute for Design and the Arts
331:group of artists in Los Angeles, including
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2117:Seeing The Light at Kayne Griffin Corcoran
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1594:) CS1 maint: numeric names: authors list (
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2392:"James Turrell: A Retrospective at LACMA"
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1761:Thompson, Henrietta (February 11, 2020).
1420:James Turrell: The Art of Light and Space
1378:James Turrell: The Art of Light and Space
1144:James Turrell: the art of light and space
561:is Turrell's first Skyspace to adopt the
311:James Turrell, Skyscape, The Way of Color
16:American artist known for work with light
4349:Pasadena High School (California) alumni
2367:"James Turrell: Third Breath, 2005/2009"
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1330:Sheets, Hilarie M. (February 22, 2024).
2704:"Artist Info: James Turrell, Biography"
2371:Center for International Light Art Unna
2060:"James Turrell â Deer Shelter Skyspace"
1667:Shhh, It's a Secret Kind of Outside Art
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1037:Magasin III Museum for Contemporary Art
834:Museum of Contemporary Art, Los Angeles
413:, "nobody volunteers a date any more".
2637:: CS1 maint: archived copy as title (
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1712:Faller, Mary Beth (January 14, 2019).
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1442:. The Los Angeles Times. May 11, 2013.
971:, 2002) and some drawings and prints.
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170:, enclosed spaces that frame the sky.
4364:Honorary members of the Royal Academy
2876:Mitsumoto, Mickey (August 15, 2016).
2348:James Turrell / The Wolfsburg Project
2323:"James Turrell â a sculptor in light"
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756:) are permanent installations at the
627:Scottsdale Museum of Contemporary Art
359:, using colored skywriting smoke and
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4354:Claremont Graduate University alumni
3965:The Doris Duke Charitable Foundation
2850:Willis, Jackson (October 15, 2016).
2826:"James Turrell at Chichu Art Museum"
1843:" The New York Times. April 24, 2005
1716:. Arizona State University. ASU News
1179:L'homme qui marchait dans la couleur
436:In 2019, Turrell partnered with the
393:In 1979 Turrell acquired an extinct
246:in 1965 (including the study of the
159:, that he is turning into a massive
2321:McDonald, John (February 6, 2015).
1683:H. Miller, M. (February 19, 2015).
1630:Christopher Knight (May 28, 2013),
963:. It was designed by Turrell after
355:In 1969, he made sky drawings with
4304:21st-century American male artists
4294:20th-century American male artists
3872:Washington Performing Arts Society
2779:"James Turrell Public Collections"
2583:. Bodegacolome.com. Archived from
2416:. Web.guggenheim.org. July 6, 2004
2297:Sarah Douglas (October 24, 2005),
985:Centre for International Light Art
865:Centre for International Light Art
539:Centre for International Light Art
14:
4344:Artists from Pasadena, California
3692:National Medal of Arts recipients
2177:Zachary Weiss (2 December 2021),
2011:Pagel, David (October 21, 2007).
1878:. Liss Ard Estate. Archived from
1510:Nasher Sculpture Center, Dallas.
869:James Turrell â Geometry of Light
778:is a very popular exhibit at the
3068:works + profile of James Turrell
3054:EGG interview with James Turrell
2912:PingMag (Tokyo). August 21, 2006
2508:. Long Museum. December 18, 2012
2196:Wallace Ludel (25 August 2022),
1988:Gopnik, Blake (March 14, 2017).
1902:"James Turrell Irish Sky Garden"
1650:James Turrell Shapes Perceptions
1440:James Turrell Shapes Perceptions
1351:Hylton, Wil S. (June 13, 2013).
993:Los Angeles County Museum of Art
888:From June to September 2013 the
879:Los Angeles County Museum of Art
305:
296:
264:University of California, Irvine
191:University of California, Irvine
73:University of California, Irvine
4299:21st-century American sculptors
4289:20th-century American sculptors
3930:Billie Tsien & Tod Williams
2653:"James Turrell: Into The Light"
2528:"James Turrell: Into The Light"
2273:"Raethro Pink by James Turrell"
2218:King, Joe (December 26, 2023).
1962:de Young Museum, San Francisco.
1821:. Chestnut Hill Friends Meeting
1181:(The Man Who Walked in Colour)
921:from 2017 until at least 2025.
606:, was awarded that year's 2007
352:and psychologist Edward Wortz.
3180:Live Oak Friends Meeting House
1529:William Griffin, Los Angeles.
1304:News Desk (October 26, 2023).
1242:James Turrell: A Retrospective
875:James Turrell: A Retrospective
826:Whitney Museum of American Art
707:Green Mountain Falls, Colorado
284:List of James Turrell artworks
1:
4264:American contemporary artists
4025:Eugene O'Neill Theater Center
3727:Jacob's Pillow Dance Festival
3192:Chestnut Hill Friends Meeting
883:National Gallery of Australia
703:Green Mountain Falls Skyspace
665:-Branch GeymĂŒllerschlössel);
486:Chestnut Hill Friends Meeting
272:Claremont Graduate University
238:He received a BA degree from
77:Claremont Graduate University
4339:Wolf Prize in Arts laureates
2729:"James Turrell Perspectives"
2115:Steffie Nelson (28 May 13),
1397:. James Turrell. May 6, 1943
1053:Welsh National Museum of Art
997:Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
890:Solomon R. Guggenheim Museum
842:Mattress Factory, Pittsburgh
770:Welsh National Museum of Art
613:Other Skyspaces include the
602:in England, commissioned by
4284:American postmodern artists
3796:United Service Organization
2993:"ART21 | PBS Programs"
1804:September 25, 2011, at the
342:Shallow Space Constructions
59:Los Angeles, California, US
4400:
4202:The Billie Holiday Theatre
3994:University Musical Society
3186:SheatsâGoldstein Residence
2133:Su Wu (17 November 2015),
1742:. Arizona State University
1736:"ASU-Roden Crater Project"
1548:MoMA Collection, New York.
1533:November 16, 2007, at the
1514:November 27, 2010, at the
1306:"ROBERT IRWIN (1928â2023)"
1163:De Rosa, Agostino: (2007)
1090:designed a building named
1013:Indianapolis Museum of Art
780:Indianapolis Museum of Art
451:
404:A completion date for the
374:
281:
208:James Turrell was born in
4369:Sculptors from California
4212:
3892:Brooklyn Academy of Music
3245:
3110:
3021:May 1981, pp. 90â99.
2327:The Sydney Morning Herald
1384:, South Bank, London, UK.
346:Los Angeles County Museum
304:
295:
30:
4091:Sharon Percy Rockefeller
3240:Awards for James Turrell
3026:Psychologische Forschung
1617:August 29, 2012, at the
1177:Didi-Huberman, Georges:
1019:, Lawrence, Kansas; the
762:Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
600:Yorkshire Sculpture Park
571:Marquess of Cholmondeley
438:Arizona State University
397:volcano located outside
166:; and for his series of
4309:American male sculptors
3623:Michelangelo Pistoletto
3564:Michelangelo Pistoletto
2708:National Gallery of Art
2154:"About âą Skyspace Lech"
2040:. Marsh Christian Trust
1978:(London). May 11, 2008.
1562:. Hudson River Museum.
1191:Turrell, James: (1999)
1078:(1968); Ganzfield work
1070:at Benesse Art-Site in
1021:National Gallery of Art
619:Kielder, Northumberland
617:(2000) on Cat Cairn in
484:, at the newly rebuilt
468:, Turrell designed the
210:Los Angeles, California
175:Los Angeles, California
3356:Eduardo Souto de Moura
3165:(2019-in construction)
2438:. Blogs.guggenheim.org
1621:Guggenheim Collection.
1453:"Incredible Lightness"
1142:Adcock, Craig: (1990)
1124:National Medal of Arts
1023:, Washington, and the
926:Kayne Griffin Corcoran
813:
795:
768:, was acquired by the
685:(2018) in Oberlech in
671:Kayne Griffin Corcoran
533:Since 2009, Turrell's
507:
470:Live Oak Meeting House
390:
225:conscientious objector
4334:Pomona College alumni
4188:Judith Francisca Baca
3453:Mstislav Rostropovich
3194:(skyspace, 2012-2013)
2908:May 12, 2013, at the
1116:Guggenheim Fellowship
1096:Backside of the Moon,
1082:(2000); and skyspace
1039:, Stockholm, Sweden;
1017:Spencer Museum of Art
1011:, San Francisco; the
881:and travelled to the
853:Kunstmuseum Wolfsburg
808:
699:José Ignacio, Uruguay
679:The Art Centre Kabuso
596:Deer Shelter Skyspace
498:
384:
365:The Mendota Stoppages
244:perceptual psychology
4045:Santiago Jiménez Jr.
3915:Maxine Hong Kingston
3417:Krzysztof Penderecki
3128:Stuck Red/Stuck Blue
1937:. September 18, 2020
1283:Stuck Red/Stuck Blue
1015:, Indianapolis; the
947:James Turrell Museum
936:Gallery, Paris, and
643:Vejer de la Frontera
371:Roden Crater Project
173:Turrell was born in
4168:Julia Louis-Dreyfus
3782:Emily Rauh Pulitzer
3382:Yoshiharu Tsukamoto
2830:bennesse-artsite.jp
2587:on October 11, 2013
2486:. Time Out Shanghai
2013:"Turn on the light"
1673:, November 25, 2007
1489:. February 16, 2016
1007:, Minneapolis; the
828:, New York (1980);
818:Pasadena Art Museum
545:, Germany. It is a
518:In 1992, Turrell's
250:) and also studied
216:. His parents were
177:, and grew up in a
4279:Minimalist artists
4137:Earl A. Powell III
3910:Jeffrey Katzenberg
3346:David Chipperfield
3334:Ălvaro Siza Vieira
3304:Giancarlo De Carlo
3280:Wolf Prize in Arts
3224:Dia Art Foundation
3150:Dividing the Light
2981:. Centre Pompidou.
2733:Academy Art Museum
2659:. December 5, 2016
2534:. December 5, 2016
1971:Donald, Caroline.
1671:The New York Times
1560:The magic of light
1451:Belcove, Julie L.
1357:The New York Times
1335:The New York Times
1025:Academy Art Museum
861:Third Breath, 2005
814:
720:restored its 2005
675:Hardanger Skyspace
584:Dividing the Light
535:Third Breath, 2005
508:
399:Flagstaff, Arizona
391:
385:Satellite view of
157:Flagstaff, Arizona
153:cinder cone crater
4324:MacArthur Fellows
4251:
4250:
4245:
4244:
4198:Antonio Martorell
4153:Bruce Springsteen
3694:2010s & 2020s
3658:
3657:
3570:Rosemarie Trockel
3399:Vladimir Horowitz
3278:Laureates of the
3232:
3231:
2901:Rawlings, Ashley.
2224:Walker Art Center
2202:The Art Newspaper
2017:Los Angeles Times
1856:. Liss Ard Estate
1654:Los Angeles Times
1636:Los Angeles Times
1459:, April 19, 2013.
1233:978-0-72-000613-1
1210:The Other Horizon
1187:978-2-7073-1736-0
1173:978-88-370-5363-5
1131:Haverford College
1076:Afrum â Pale Blue
1068:Chichu Art Museum
1005:Walker Art Center
1001:Henry Art Gallery
983:, Sarasota; the
857:Wolfsburg Project
849:Wolfsburg Project
718:Walker Art Center
655:The other Horizon
635:Walker Art Center
589:Los Angeles Times
411:Los Angeles Times
320:
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132:
131:
4391:
4329:American Quakers
3828:Joan Myers Brown
3685:
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3617:Louise Bourgeois
3593:Eduardo Chillida
3558:Louise Bourgeois
3457:Daniel Barenboim
3403:Olivier Messiaen
3374:Elizabeth Diller
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3188:(skyspace, 2004)
3182:(skyspace, 2000)
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2959:on July 29, 2014
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1167:Milan: Electa,
1122:in 1984 and the
1072:Naoshima, Kagawa
1045:Panza Foundation
999:, New York; the
989:Mattress Factory
938:Gagosian Gallery
822:Stedelijk Museum
758:Mattress Factory
711:Friends Seminary
695:Ta Khut Skyspace
615:Kielder Skyspace
569:in Norfolk, the
520:Irish Sky Garden
309:
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300:
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198:MacArthur Fellow
155:located outside
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87:Installation art
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3843:Ellsworth Kelly
3806:
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3707:Robert Brustein
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3639:Lawrence Weiner
3635:Laurie Anderson
3629:Olafur Eliasson
3599:Claes Oldenburg
3581:
3552:Gerhard Richter
3518:
3473:PlĂĄcido Domingo
3387:
3362:Phyllis Lambert
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3214:Light and Space
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3019:Art in America,
3014:
3012:Further reading
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2947:Hoye, Matthew.
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2910:Wayback Machine
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2609:
2607:"Archived copy"
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2563:"James Turrell"
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2346:Baker, Tamzin."
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1656:. May 11, 2013.
1648:Finkel, Jori. "
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981:Ringling Museum
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901:Immersive Light
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573:commissioned a
559:de Young Museum
500:Space That Sees
482:Greet the Light
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3378:Momoyo Kaijima
3371:
3365:
3359:
3353:
3350:Peter Eisenman
3343:
3337:
3331:
3321:
3307:
3297:
3290:
3288:
3284:
3283:
3277:
3275:
3274:
3267:
3260:
3252:
3246:
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3242:
3239:
3230:
3229:
3227:
3226:
3221:
3216:
3211:
3205:
3203:
3199:
3198:
3196:
3195:
3189:
3183:
3176:
3174:
3170:
3169:
3167:
3166:
3160:
3154:
3146:
3140:
3132:
3123:
3121:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3108:
3107:
3102:
3100:
3099:
3092:
3085:
3077:
3071:
3070:
3065:
3063:Elaine A. King
3056:
3051:
3046:
3041:
3034:
3033:External links
3031:
3030:
3029:
3022:
3013:
3010:
3007:
3006:
2984:
2970:
2939:
2914:
2894:
2868:
2856:thepolitic.org
2842:
2817:
2792:
2781:. Pace Gallery
2770:
2745:
2720:
2695:
2683:evergreene.com
2670:
2644:
2598:
2572:
2554:
2545:
2519:
2497:
2475:
2462:guggenheim.org
2449:
2427:
2405:
2383:
2358:
2339:
2313:
2289:
2261:
2236:
2207:
2189:
2170:
2145:
2126:
2108:
2083:
2072:
2051:
2029:
2003:
1980:
1964:
1948:
1919:
1893:
1867:
1845:
1839:Finkel, Jori.
1832:
1819:"The Skyspace"
1810:
1787:
1753:
1727:
1701:
1675:
1658:
1641:
1623:
1601:
1568:
1550:
1538:
1519:
1500:
1470:
1461:
1457:Harpers Bazaar
1444:
1424:
1408:
1386:
1369:
1340:
1322:
1295:
1294:
1292:
1289:
1288:
1287:
1277:
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1273:
1272:
1265:
1257:
1254:
1253:
1252:
1238:
1232:
1220:
1206:
1189:
1175:
1161:
1138:
1135:
1111:
1108:
1104:House of Light
1100:House of Light
1041:the Museum SAN
1035:, Jerusalem;
1031:, London; the
991:, Pittsburgh;
976:
973:
965:Donald M. Hess
955:, Province of
948:
945:
915:Into the Light
903:, at the West
802:
799:
730:
727:
709:, USA; and at
633:(2005) at the
625:(2001) at the
557:(2005) at the
548:camera obscura
512:New York Times
452:Main article:
449:
446:
431:Michael Heizer
375:Main article:
372:
369:
324:
321:
318:
317:
302:
301:
293:
292:
282:Main article:
279:
276:
240:Pomona College
205:
202:
187:Pomona College
130:
129:
120:
116:
115:
110:
106:
105:
96:
90:
89:
84:
83:Known for
80:
79:
69:Pomona College
66:
62:
61:
58:
44:
40:
39:
36:
28:
27:
24:
15:
13:
10:
9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4396:
4385:
4382:
4380:
4377:
4375:
4372:
4370:
4367:
4365:
4362:
4360:
4357:
4355:
4352:
4350:
4347:
4345:
4342:
4340:
4337:
4335:
4332:
4330:
4327:
4325:
4322:
4320:
4319:Living people
4317:
4315:
4312:
4310:
4307:
4305:
4302:
4300:
4297:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4275:
4274:Light artists
4272:
4270:
4267:
4265:
4262:
4261:
4259:
4238:
4235:
4233:
4230:
4228:
4225:
4223:
4220:
4218:
4217:Complete list
4215:
4214:
4211:
4204:
4201:
4199:
4196:
4194:
4193:Fred Eychaner
4191:
4189:
4186:
4184:
4181:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4169:
4166:
4164:
4161:
4159:
4158:Gladys Knight
4156:
4154:
4151:
4150:
4148:
4144:
4138:
4135:
4133:
4130:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4120:
4118:
4115:
4114:
4112:
4108:
4102:
4099:
4097:
4094:
4092:
4089:
4087:
4086:Alison Krauss
4084:
4083:
4081:
4077:
4071:
4068:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4036:
4033:
4031:
4028:
4026:
4023:
4021:
4018:
4016:
4013:
4012:
4010:
4006:
4000:
3997:
3995:
3992:
3990:
3987:
3985:
3984:Meredith Monk
3982:
3980:
3977:
3975:
3972:
3970:
3967:
3964:
3962:
3959:
3957:
3954:
3952:
3949:
3948:
3946:
3942:
3936:
3935:James Turrell
3933:
3931:
3928:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3918:
3916:
3913:
3911:
3908:
3906:
3903:
3901:
3900:Bill T. Jones
3898:
3895:
3893:
3890:
3888:
3887:Julia Alvarez
3885:
3884:
3882:
3878:
3871:
3869:
3866:
3864:
3861:
3859:
3856:
3854:
3851:
3849:
3846:
3844:
3841:
3839:
3838:Ernest Gaines
3836:
3834:
3833:Renée Fleming
3831:
3829:
3826:
3824:
3821:
3819:
3816:
3815:
3813:
3809:
3803:
3800:
3797:
3794:
3792:
3789:
3787:
3784:
3781:
3779:
3776:
3774:
3771:
3769:
3766:
3765:
3763:
3759:
3753:
3750:
3748:
3745:
3743:
3742:Sonny Rollins
3740:
3738:
3735:
3733:
3730:
3728:
3725:
3723:
3720:
3718:
3715:
3713:
3710:
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3698:
3693:
3686:
3681:
3679:
3674:
3672:
3667:
3666:
3663:
3650:
3646:
3645:Fujiko Nakaya
3643:
3640:
3636:
3633:
3630:
3627:
3624:
3621:
3618:
3615:
3612:
3611:James Turrell
3609:
3606:
3603:
3600:
3597:
3594:
3591:
3590:
3588:
3584:
3577:
3576:Cindy Sherman
3574:
3571:
3568:
3565:
3562:
3559:
3556:
3553:
3550:
3547:
3546:Anselm Kiefer
3544:
3541:
3538:
3535:
3534:Antoni TĂ pies
3531:
3528:
3527:
3525:
3521:
3514:
3513:György Kurtåg
3511:
3508:
3507:Olga Neuwirth
3504:
3503:Stevie Wonder
3501:
3498:
3494:
3491:
3488:
3484:
3483:Jessye Norman
3481:
3478:
3474:
3471:
3468:
3464:
3463:Giya Kancheli
3461:
3458:
3454:
3451:
3448:
3447:Riccardo Muti
3444:
3443:Pierre Boulez
3441:
3438:
3437:György Ligeti
3434:
3431:
3428:
3427:Luciano Berio
3424:
3421:
3418:
3414:
3411:
3408:
3404:
3400:
3397:
3396:
3394:
3390:
3383:
3379:
3375:
3372:
3369:
3366:
3363:
3360:
3357:
3354:
3351:
3347:
3344:
3341:
3338:
3335:
3332:
3329:
3328:Aldo van Eyck
3325:
3322:
3319:
3315:
3311:
3308:
3305:
3301:
3300:Fumihiko Maki
3298:
3295:
3294:Ralph Erskine
3292:
3291:
3289:
3285:
3281:
3273:
3268:
3266:
3261:
3259:
3254:
3253:
3250:
3244:
3237:
3225:
3222:
3220:
3217:
3215:
3212:
3210:
3207:
3206:
3204:
3200:
3193:
3190:
3187:
3184:
3181:
3178:
3177:
3175:
3173:Interventions
3171:
3164:
3161:
3158:
3157:Skyspace Lech
3155:
3152:
3151:
3147:
3144:
3141:
3138:
3137:
3133:
3130:
3129:
3125:
3124:
3122:
3118:
3114:
3113:List of works
3109:
3105:
3104:James Turrell
3098:
3093:
3091:
3086:
3084:
3079:
3078:
3075:
3069:
3066:
3064:
3060:
3057:
3055:
3052:
3050:
3047:
3045:
3042:
3040:
3037:
3036:
3032:
3027:
3023:
3020:
3016:
3015:
3011:
2994:
2988:
2985:
2980:
2979:"Passageways"
2974:
2971:
2958:
2954:
2950:
2943:
2940:
2928:
2924:
2918:
2915:
2911:
2907:
2904:
2898:
2895:
2883:
2882:matcha-jp.com
2879:
2872:
2869:
2857:
2853:
2846:
2843:
2831:
2827:
2821:
2818:
2806:
2805:kanazawa21.jp
2802:
2796:
2793:
2780:
2774:
2771:
2759:
2755:
2749:
2746:
2734:
2730:
2724:
2721:
2709:
2705:
2699:
2696:
2684:
2680:
2674:
2671:
2658:
2654:
2648:
2645:
2640:
2634:
2615:
2608:
2602:
2599:
2586:
2582:
2576:
2573:
2568:
2564:
2558:
2555:
2549:
2546:
2533:
2529:
2523:
2520:
2507:
2506:"Long Museum"
2501:
2498:
2485:
2479:
2476:
2463:
2459:
2453:
2450:
2437:
2431:
2428:
2415:
2409:
2406:
2393:
2387:
2384:
2372:
2368:
2362:
2359:
2355:
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2349:
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2340:
2328:
2324:
2317:
2314:
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2301:
2293:
2290:
2278:
2274:
2268:
2266:
2262:
2250:
2246:
2240:
2237:
2225:
2221:
2214:
2212:
2208:
2204:
2203:
2199:
2193:
2190:
2186:
2185:
2180:
2174:
2171:
2159:
2158:Skyspace Lech
2155:
2149:
2146:
2142:
2141:
2136:
2130:
2127:
2123:
2122:
2118:
2112:
2109:
2097:
2093:
2087:
2084:
2081:
2076:
2073:
2061:
2055:
2052:
2039:
2033:
2030:
2018:
2014:
2007:
2004:
1991:
1984:
1981:
1977:
1974:
1968:
1965:
1961:
1959:
1952:
1949:
1936:
1932:
1926:
1924:
1920:
1908:. May 1, 2006
1907:
1903:
1897:
1894:
1881:
1877:
1871:
1868:
1855:
1849:
1846:
1842:
1836:
1833:
1820:
1814:
1811:
1807:
1803:
1800:
1798:
1791:
1788:
1776:
1772:
1768:
1767:The Telegraph
1764:
1757:
1754:
1741:
1737:
1731:
1728:
1715:
1708:
1706:
1702:
1690:
1686:
1679:
1676:
1672:
1668:
1662:
1659:
1655:
1651:
1645:
1642:
1638:
1637:
1633:
1627:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1613:
1612:James Turrell
1608:
1606:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1587:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1569:0-943651-31-X
1565:
1561:
1554:
1551:
1547:
1546:James Turrell
1542:
1539:
1536:
1532:
1528:
1523:
1520:
1517:
1513:
1509:
1508:James Turrell
1504:
1501:
1488:
1484:
1480:
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1471:
1465:
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1250:3-7913-5263-6
1247:
1243:
1239:
1235:
1229:
1225:
1221:
1219:
1218:3-7757-9062-4
1215:
1211:
1207:
1205:
1204:3-7757-0898-7
1201:
1198:
1194:
1190:
1188:
1184:
1180:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1166:
1162:
1160:
1159:0-520-06728-2
1156:
1153:
1152:0-520-06728-2
1149:
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1136:
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1038:
1034:
1033:Israel Museum
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909:
906:
902:
897:
895:
894:James Turrell
891:
886:
884:
880:
876:
872:
870:
866:
862:
858:
854:
850:
845:
844:(2002â2003).
843:
840:(1998â1999);
839:
836:(1984); MAK,
835:
831:
830:Israel Museum
827:
823:
819:
812:
807:
800:
798:
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786:
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771:
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735:Richard Baker
728:
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723:
719:
714:
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692:
688:
684:
683:Skyspace Lech
680:
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660:
656:
652:
648:
645:, Spain; the
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567:Houghton Hall
564:
560:
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531:
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504:Israel Museum
501:
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361:cloud seeding
358:
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143:
140:
136:
135:James Turrell
127:
121:
117:
114:
111:
107:
104:
100:
97:
91:
88:
85:
81:
78:
74:
70:
67:
63:
55:(age 81)
45:
41:
34:
29:
25:James Turrell
22:
19:
4269:Land artists
4163:Mindy Kaling
4122:Ricky Skaggs
4070:Jack Whitten
4035:Philip Glass
3999:Tobias Wolff
3979:Stephen King
3974:Ann Hamilton
3961:MĂriam ColĂłn
3934:
3853:George Lucas
3848:Tony Kushner
3752:James Taylor
3747:Meryl Streep
3732:Quincy Jones
3649:Richard Long
3610:
3605:Bruce Nauman
3540:Jasper Johns
3530:Marc Chagall
3497:ĂdĂĄm Fischer
3477:Simon Rattle
3368:Moshe Safdie
3318:Denys Lasdun
3287:Architecture
3163:Roden Crater
3148:
3143:UIC Skyspace
3134:
3126:
3103:
3025:
3018:
2997:. Retrieved
2987:
2973:
2961:. Retrieved
2957:the original
2952:
2942:
2930:. Retrieved
2926:
2917:
2897:
2885:. Retrieved
2881:
2871:
2859:. Retrieved
2855:
2845:
2833:. Retrieved
2829:
2820:
2808:. Retrieved
2804:
2795:
2783:. Retrieved
2773:
2761:. Retrieved
2757:
2748:
2736:. Retrieved
2732:
2723:
2711:. Retrieved
2707:
2698:
2686:. Retrieved
2682:
2673:
2661:. Retrieved
2657:massmoca.org
2656:
2647:
2621:. Retrieved
2614:the original
2601:
2589:. Retrieved
2585:the original
2575:
2566:
2557:
2548:
2538:November 14,
2536:. Retrieved
2531:
2522:
2510:. Retrieved
2500:
2488:. Retrieved
2478:
2466:. Retrieved
2461:
2452:
2440:. Retrieved
2430:
2418:. Retrieved
2408:
2396:. Retrieved
2386:
2374:. Retrieved
2370:
2361:
2351:
2342:
2332:September 6,
2330:. Retrieved
2326:
2316:
2305:, retrieved
2299:
2292:
2280:. Retrieved
2252:. Retrieved
2248:
2239:
2229:December 26,
2227:. Retrieved
2223:
2200:
2192:
2182:
2173:
2161:. Retrieved
2157:
2148:
2138:
2129:
2119:
2111:
2099:. Retrieved
2095:
2086:
2075:
2063:. Retrieved
2054:
2042:. Retrieved
2032:
2020:. Retrieved
2016:
2006:
1994:. Retrieved
1992:. ArtnetNews
1983:
1975:
1967:
1957:
1951:
1939:. Retrieved
1934:
1910:. Retrieved
1905:
1896:
1884:. Retrieved
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4040:Berry Gordy
3969:Sally Field
3905:John Kander
3896:Joan Harris
3863:Laurie Olin
3818:Herb Alpert
3802:André Watts
3768:Will Barnet
3722:Donald Hall
3712:Van Cliburn
3433:Zubin Mehta
3413:Isaac Stern
3340:Jean Nouvel
3310:Frank Gehry
2887:October 24,
2861:October 24,
2835:October 24,
2810:October 24,
2785:October 24,
2758:Magasin III
2663:January 19,
2591:October 17,
2567:pacegallery
2398:October 24,
2376:January 19,
2282:January 19,
2254:January 17,
1996:October 17,
1906:Space Place
1694:January 27,
1362:January 17,
1262:Passageways
1197:Hatje Cantz
1066:and at the
1055:, Cardiff.
1029:Tate Modern
1003:, Seattle;
975:Collections
969:Unseen Blue
940:, New York
934:Almine Rech
908:Long Museum
801:Exhibitions
772:. His work
729:Other works
667:La Brea Sky
661:, Austria (
653:, Austria;
639:Second Wind
623:Knight Rise
621:, England;
506:, Jerusalem
395:cinder cone
357:Sam Francis
252:mathematics
229:Vietnam War
227:during the
214:Peace Corps
183:Vietnam War
164:observatory
53:May 6, 1943
4258:Categories
4127:Mary Costa
4117:Toby Keith
4101:Jon Voight
4015:Mel Brooks
3956:Ping Chong
3858:Elaine May
3823:Lin Arison
3791:Mel Tillis
3737:Harper Lee
3314:JĂžrn Utzon
2927:www.gf.org
2763:October 6,
2623:January 5,
2096:www.mak.at
1958:Three Gems
1825:August 28,
1746:August 20,
1720:August 20,
1291:References
1092:Minamidera
1088:Tadao Ando
1080:Open Field
1051:; and the
892:presented
811:Aten Reign
722:Sky Pesher
705:(2022) in
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687:Vorarlberg
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649:(2006) in
641:(2005) in
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555:Three Gems
541:(CILA) in
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337:Mary Corse
323:Early work
204:Background
49:1943-05-06
4178:Vera Wang
3778:Al Pacino
3773:Rita Dove
3586:Sculpture
3407:Josef Tal
3324:Frei Otto
2754:"Dawning"
2688:March 20,
2532:MASS MoCA
2307:April 21,
2245:"Archive"
2140:Wallpaper
1976:The Times
1876:"Gardens"
1780:March 27,
1775:0307-1235
1586:cite book
1126:in 2013.
1043:, Wonju;
961:Argentina
919:MASS MoCA
791:Mona Lisa
750:Catso Red
647:Sky-Space
594:His 2007
565:form. At
448:Skyspaces
260:astronomy
168:skyspaces
161:naked-eye
3625:(2006/7)
3619:(2002/3)
3595:(1984/5)
3566:(2006/7)
3560:(2002/3)
3554:(1994/5)
3523:Painting
3439:(1995/6)
3330:(1996/7)
3296:(1983/4)
3219:Skyspace
3209:Land art
2999:April 7,
2963:July 29,
2953:cnn.com/
2906:Archived
2738:July 31,
2633:cite web
2581:"Colomé"
2512:April 7,
2490:April 7,
2442:April 7,
2420:April 7,
2277:Art Fund
2163:April 9,
2065:April 2,
2044:April 2,
1941:March 9,
1912:March 9,
1886:July 18,
1860:July 18,
1802:Archived
1615:Archived
1578:48649814
1531:Archived
1512:Archived
1401:April 7,
1310:Artforum
1276:See also
1267:Art 21:
1098:(1999).
1084:Open Sky
911:Shanghai
832:(1982);
824:(1976);
754:Pleiades
713:(2023).
651:Salzburg
461:Skyspace
454:Skyspace
313:, 4:40,
109:Movement
4132:Nick Ut
3202:Related
2932:May 30,
2713:May 23,
2394:. LACMA
2101:June 7,
2022:May 25,
1797:Meeting
1689:ARTnews
1193:Eclipse
863:at the
851:at the
693:); the
691:Austria
474:Meeting
256:geology
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3489:(2015)
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4222:1980s
3798:(USO)
3392:Music
3136:Acton
3120:Works
2995:. PBS
2617:(PDF)
2610:(PDF)
2184:Vogue
1256:Films
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575:folly
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