504:, He wrote on the large number of unqualified people practising medicine, saying it was "a great wonder that in this age of regulation and amendment nothing is done to rectify the notorious abuses and secure us from the mischief done by those men who without skill or authority under he pretence of restoring and preserving do destroy men's lives and estates and more especially at such a time when the Nation is in need of both for its defence and preservation.... Why then should impudent ignorant quack and empirics (smiths weavers cobblers draymen women etc.) boldly and unaccountably take upon them great cures and things of great difficulty in which they partly use sorcery, witchcraft, grievous hurt damage and destruction of many of the Kings liege people, most especially of them that can not discern the uncunning from the comic cunning"
331:"in May this year I got a warrant to be Surgeon of the Navy and yard at Plymouth, Capt. Hen. Greenhill Commander, John Addis, clerk of the chequer, Mr. Stollard master attendant, Mr. Watt master builder, Mr. Gazby store keeper, Mr. Rob. Yonge clerk of the ropeway, Mr. Thomas Yeo master ropemaker, Mr. Chavy mast-maker, Mr. Jethro Brown boatswain of the yard, Mr. Richard Lea clerk of the survey, Mr. Israel Pownel builder's assistant, Mr. Spickerwell master caulker, and myself surgeon, with Mr. Perry as porter. These were officers that had houses in the yard; the sailmaker, joiner, bricklayer, &c. had none. We all very fine houses, stables, gardens, &c., but did not live easy under the Commander, who was a proud, morose man."
307:"Rob Brown Mayor 1711 Was chosen the usual day. A tool, & a fool, dyed soon after, and was succeed by B. Berry, who served the rest of the yeare: and having no house in town, Lodged and Kept the Mayoralty at an house that was common for quarting strangers, & selling punch, Ale, to the great scandal of the office... but they stuck at nothing, -seemd [
313:] to regard neither the credit, or welfare of the town, filled up ye benches with men that were of mean, Scandalous, --- as if they had been sworn to choos the worst --- and did many things contrary to the constitution, & custom of the Burrough, chose a Mayor that did not Inhabit, filled the Benches with Lawyers."
287:] up both Benches, by chosing In", Rogers, Nics. Edgcumb, Wm• Munyon, and m' Tho Bound Aldermen. Tho Burgoyn, James Bligh, Tho Darracot, Wm Lovel, Ben Berely and Wm Wyat 0who had been my aprenytic, assistants.... The new Key fid up to the outside of the Slipp before Mr Allens house, and all new paved over.
561:"I am sorry to say my Prefacer a great friend to all dissenters, went to all their meetings, contributions etc. till he was forced to go to sacrament to get the hospital at Plymouth and then he baulked at complying and was dragged to the Lords table and then became one of the greatest enemies they had."
515:
How absurd it is to affirm that a bright and dark moon shall have the same effect, that a body fourteen times less than the Earth and at such a great distance from it shall press the ocean to such an extent and while its in the like situation force it to retire.... So the cause of the motion seems as
361:
During the late 17th century, Yonge seems to have travelled over Devon and
Cornwall. He gave his earnings for one year, receiving £40 for 12 days treatment for a man run through with a blade, a lady at Butshead that he often had to visit £40 a year, tapping Mr Pake 25 guineas etc., curing 9 fistulas
322:
Yonge held the appointment as surgeon to the
Devonport dockyard from 1692 to April 1701. Towards the end of his tenure at the end of the 17th century, a residential terrace was built at the dockyard for senior officers. Most of this was destroyed in the Second World War, but Yonge's part survives. He
280:
Dec. the Lord Cutts came to town, Lay at my house. 3 Regiments quartered in town, to be
Embarked for the W. India by this Lord, gave me great trouble in Quartering them.... June My Ld Marquis of Carmarthen, son & heir to the duke of Leeds, being Rere Admiral of the blew came into port, spent an
124:
Yonge returned to
Plymouth in September 1662 and was unwillingly bound to his father for another seven years. This action by his father rankled him all his life: "My elder brother was maintained like a prince, I clad with old turned cloaths, and not one penny in my pocket, he was hard as a master."
520:
Most of Yonge's published works were on surgical procedures. He was probably the first in
England to perform a successful brain operation. Because few believed him, he published in 1682 a treatise entitled "Wounds of the Braine Proved Curable", based on several of his cases. He left details of an
384:
Once his name was made, Yonge's role resembled that of a consultant or society doctor. He amassed a large fortune through hard work and one suspects hard commercial thinking. A document in the
Plymouth and West Devon Record Office shows his assets and income in 1718 at £21,000 – remarkable from a
343:
1701. The beginning of this year, April 25, I was displaced from the dock by the false accusation of Comr St Lo. He had attempted it twice before, but then the Lords of
Admiralty made enquiry into the matter and found me innocent but notwithstanding that and a promise they made not to hearken any
167:. He describes his arrival: "Coming up with the ice we find no passage, stand through it and in two hours got on the inside of it ... but not without knocking our ship. find ourselves the first ship in the land and Admiral of St Johns. God be praised for this good landfall and good place!"
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for which he got between £30 and £70 each, treating an ulcer in the bladder for four years £200 etc. He earned twice a hundred guineas for a single operation, boasting that he obtained £120 in one year for treating sailors for the pox (syphilis) in the naval hospital at
Plymouth.
357:
Yonge refers to 12 shillings as the fee for a twenty-mile visit, another £1, and, for an outside visit of two days' duration, £1 10s. Bleeding a lady in bed cost 10 shillings, as against 2 shillings and sixpence for a man. A post mortem 3 shillings and fourpence.
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medical practice. It is hard to compare monetary value with today, but as an example from several sources, an average farm labourer in 1718 earned £18 a year and an attorney £120. Yonge's wealth placed the family in society for generations to come.
30:, where his father was a surgeon. He went to sea as an apprentice surgeon as a young boy. Later he joined several voyages with Newfoundland fishing fleets. In his twenties he set up a practice in Plymouth and prospered. He was elected a
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Yonge died on 25 July 1721 and was buried in the Church of St Andrew, Plymouth. A memorial was erected, but apparently destroyed in the Second World War, when the church was badly damaged. An old church guide quotes it:
46:
Little is known of the forebears of James Yonge. His father's origins as a surgeon in the
Plymouth area are unclear. He may have come from Ireland as a member of the Protestant ascendancy there. Yonge refers in his
156:, possibly conflating his time as a Dutch prisoner with his naval service off Algiers. In September 1666 he was exchanged for a relative of the secretary of the Dutch Admiralty, who was imprisoned at
398:"Here underneath lyeth buried the body of James Yonge physitian. Fellow of the Royal Society. He was once mayor of his native town and dyeth the 25th day of July 1721 in the 76th year of his age."
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Yonge returned to
Plymouth on 29 September 1670 and established himself in practice, aged 25. He was then appointed surgeon at the Naval Hospital in Plymouth, set up after the outbreak of the
72:. His parents were married in St Saviour's, Dartmouth, in September 1640. By the time Yonge was born, his parents had moved to Plymouth, where he was baptised in the Parish Church of
269:. In 1679 he was elected a life member of the Common Council of the Borough of Plymouth. In 1682 he was appointed a churchwarden at St Andrew's. In 1694 he became an alderman and
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operation performed on a man who "by a prodigious wound in the forehead lost as much brain as the shell of a pullets egg can contain and was cured in Plimmouth by J. Y. 1686."
569:, Devon. Yonge made this possible by paying off Upton's debts and mortgages and building a new Puslinch House for some £10,000. The house remains in Yonge family ownership.
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more to him, they did on this third wrong information put me out without notice or hearing and this injustice he got by quitting Weymouth to Col Churchill's brother.
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in Devon. By her he had two sons, the elder predeceasing him, and six daughters, of whom only one, Johanna, survived to adulthood to have a family of her own.
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In his Plymouth Memoirs Yonge gives short biographies of mayors in his time, containing "ye memorable occurrences in their respective yeares". For example:
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There is a family story of a quarrel with his brother Nathaniel, who unlike Yonge was not a Royalist. There is evidence that they did not get on in Yonge's
265:
By the 1670s Yonge had become of importance, called to fill successive civic and professional offices in Plymouth, whose charter had been restored by
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evning merryly at my house, & treated me wth r Governor, &c next day on board the Lenox very nobly, wth Gunnes.... In August filld [
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299:"He was a zealot in this new model and I believe the disappointment they met and the odium they contracted help to bring ye asthma on him."
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In 1658 Yonge's father had him articled as an apprentice at the age of ten to Silvester Richmond of Liverpool, a surgeon on the Navy vessel
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421:. It gives a complete account of his life from the age of ten to 61 and is viewed as the most important 17th-century diary after those of
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that there was no need, as he did not intend to practise in or around London, as he already had licence from the Bishop (presumably the
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in the following year. He was released from his apprenticeship in May 1662, by his master's retirement, then worked as an assistant at
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on subjects as diverse as "on a bullet in the trachea, on two huge gallstones and on intestinal concretion". In correspondence with
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A Censure of Three Scandalous pamphlets – A defence of Dr Crisp against the charge of Mr Edward Thomas British Library 4152.aa.5
132:. Yonge spent his time on land walking between settlements, sketching and observing the industry. In January 1666, during the
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Arthur J. Jewers, "Copies of inscriptions; drawings of coats of armour in the churches of St. Andrews and Charles, Plymouth".
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and the flap operation in amputation, and showing familiarity with tourniquets. On 3 November 1702 Yonge was elected a
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was captured by the Dutch and he was shackled with other prisoners for 51 days. The biography of the Victorian writer
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His brother Samuel wrote a work entitled "A Censure of Three Scandalous pamphlets, and in it he commented on Yonge:
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Yonge's eldest son James Yonge (1679–1718) married Mary Upton, daughter and heir of John Upton of Puslinch,
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At sea again, Yonge took voyages to the Newfoundland fisheries, the first in May 1663, aged 16, in the ship
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Yonge's brother Nathaniel was also involved in the politics of the town. On his death, Yonge wrote in the
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on 11 March 1647. He was the fifth of seven children, all of whom survived at least to early adulthood.
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to an apothecary named Clarke, where he presumably gained practical knowledge of making up medicines.
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Yonge's mother, Joanna Blackaller (1618–1700), was the daughter of Nicholas Blackaller, a merchant of
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James Yonge, "Some considerations touching the debate etc. concerning the Newfoundland Trade", 1670.
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492:. Yonge returned to attack him at the prompting of Charles Goodall, having quarrelled with
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appeared in a second edition in 1683. Yonge pointed out that it put together text from the
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George Duke of Buckingham a very handsome and accomplished person a wit and a debaucheer
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202:), but the College persuaded him it would add to his status. Yonge corresponded with
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in 1672. In 1674, Thomas Pearse, Surgeon-General of the Navy, made Yonge his deputy.
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as well as Tyson. He was also a frequent visitor to Oxford, where he catalogued the
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Yonge made what was to be his final voyage in February 1668, to Newfoundland in the
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Yonge's service for the Navy ended on an unhappy note in 1701. As he wrote in his
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is embalming a body in preparation for the lying in state in London of Admiral
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113:, with which he sailed in 1660, aged 13, for an ineffectual bombardment of
791:, 2nd ed. London: printed for A. Millar, 1757. British library 002172273.
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he noted the application of lemon juice as good for the gums in cases of
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for 1694 and 1695. He wrote medical textbooks and a journal of his life.
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Yonge married on 28 March 1671 Jane, daughter of Thomas Crampporne of
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was written by Charles I. Modern research, however, ascribes it to
429:. In it are mentioned famous people he had seen in his travels:
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Sidrophel Vapulans: or, The Quack-Astrologer tossed in a blanket
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Journal of James Yonge, Plymouth and West Devon Record Office.
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Journal of James Yonge - Plymouth and West Devon Record Office
186:, Plymouth, Yonge had to go to London. While there he attended
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In 1692, after his appointment as surgeon to the new dock at
670:. Vol. 63. London: Smith, Elder & Co. p. 326.
273:. He gives an account of his mayoralty in 1694–1695 in
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Plymouth and West Devon Record Office PWDRO 107/680.
934:Royal Navy personnel of the Second Anglo-Dutch War
755:Symons, John. "Frederick Noël Lawrence, Poynter".
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623:Devon Parish Registers Devon Record Office Exeter
516:that of the heart only known to him that made it.
488:, again criticizing Salmon, who was a well-known
727:, published by the Plymouth Institution in 1951.
365:One of the last commissions he refers to in his
872:. Vol. II (1701–1740) (online ed.).
249:of William Molins with illustrations from the
806:– James Yonge 1698 British Library 004002051.
381:of the Royal Navy. For this he was paid £50.
22:(27 February 1646/1647 – 25 July 1721) was a
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822:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
761:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
693:(online ed.). Oxford University Press.
507:Yonge did not get everything right. Also in
419:The Journal of James Yonge, Plymouth Surgeon
433:Sebastian King of Portugal a fool and a sot
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61:that he descended from the Yonges of
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816:Cook, Harold J. "Goodall, Charles".
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882:The Yonge Family of Puslinch Devon
725:Plymouth Memoirs of Dr James Yonge
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667:Dictionary of National Biography
657:"Yonge, James (1646-1721)"
445:Currus Triumphalis de Terebintho
243:Compleat Treatise of the Muscles
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51:to visiting his grandmother in
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874:University of Toronto Press
862:Poynter, F. N. L. (1979) .
457:Fellow of the Royal Society
226:and was entertained at the
32:fellow of the Royal Society
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462:Philosophical Transactions
866:. In Hayne, David (ed.).
447:, describing how he used
379:worst peacetime disasters
789:A treatise on the scurvy
476:Yonge published in 1685
65:, Devon, are unfounded.
413:, published in 1963 by
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530:Several Evidences
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893:Categories
838:required.)
777:required.)
709:required.)
523:trepanning
511:he wrote:
449:turpentine
267:Charles II
247:Muskotomia
235:plagiarism
228:University
105:, part of
42:Background
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111:the Downs
100:HMS
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241:, whose
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102:Montague
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353:In his
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184:Hamoaze
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152:of the
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521:early
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697::
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