343:. She noted that the French feminist societies had suspended their pacifist activities. French women had shown by their deeds that they should be treated as socially equal to men. They had taken the place of men in the factories, had taken the place of husbands and fathers in the family, and had become farmers, laborers, veterinaries, notaries, barbers and merchants of all kinds. They had filled vacant positions in schools and local administration. Before the war the feminist leaders had been treated with hostility, but now the mood had changed. Misme called for reforms in education, labor problems, marriage, charity, hygiene, social morality and politics that would demonstrate that sexual equality is triumphantly possible.
303:, "As long as the adversity of our country endures, nobody is entitled to speak of their rights; we only have responsibilities to it." Setting aside international women's solidarity, she also wrote, "As long as the war continues, the wives of the enemy will also be the enemy." In a 1914 article Misme criticized Red Cross nurses who did not show the selfless devotion to duty the Republic required, but might be attracted by the glamor of the uniform or the potential the job offered to find a husband. She thought these women were harming the suffrage cause, since women's valiant effort during the war would be used to justify giving the vote to women after the war had ended. From 1915 Misme contributed to
1306:
1180:
31:
385:
citizenship in three years rather than ten. Odette Simon of the UFSF noted that "the essential goal of this law is to increase as much as possible the number of French men and women." However, Misme praised the law as an attack on the concept of "marital supremacy," where a woman was subordinate to her husband, and thus another step in the process of reform that had started with the married women's property law of 1907.
197:
372:, 8 November 1923) Misme claimed that the courtship relationship had changed. Instead of passively waiting to be asked for marriage, women were taking a more active role. In discussing controversy over an article on "Do Frenchwomen have to marry strangers" she wrote, "They do not have to; they can; that is very different." In
283:(1877–1946) was made secretary-general. Schmahl was the first president. Misme was vice-president of the UFSF from 1909 to 1935. Schmahl resigned from the UFSF in 1911 due to disputes with Cécile Brunschvicg, although the reason given was health problems. Jane Misme stayed with the UFSF, which had 12,000 members by 1914.
122:(Forerunner) association, which called for the right of women to be witnesses in public and private acts, and for the right of married women to take the product of their labor and dispose of it freely. The campaign aimed to mobilize middle- and upper-class women who had moderate and conservative views.
355:
in a 1919 editorial Misme dismissed the many "lamentations" she had heard about newly independent women who chose not to marry in the postwar period. She wrote, "Ah! The time is past when you married the first well-groomed dog that came along just to be called Madame, wear diamonds, go out alone, and
384:
in France, saying his theories were very controversial, and were largely in vogue due to fashion. Under the Law of 10 August 1927 French women married to non-naturalized foreigners could retain their citizenship, their children were considered French and their husbands could now become eligible for
278:
The French Union for Women's
Suffrage (UFSF) was founded by a group of feminists who had attended a national congress of French feminists in Paris in 1908. Most of them were from bourgeois or intellectual backgrounds. The leaders were Jeanne Schmahl and Jane Misme. The founding meeting of 300 women
191:
Of the many things disrupting contemporary society, perhaps the most important is the transformation in the lives of women. They, who have remained the same for centuries and centuries, across all civilizations, are now in the process of no longer being the same. While the traditional woman has not
326:
was the question of pregnancies due to rape by German soldiers. Misme was personally opposed to abortion, but urged her readers to use her correspondence page to debate the issues, and published a wide range of views from both men and women. She rejected the concept that the woman was a "shamed"
331:
view that mothers and children always deserved help and respect. She wrote, "It is with all the strength of my maternal instinct that I speak to defend, here and everywhere, the mothers and children who are treated as outcasts." If a mother abandoned the child from a wartime rape, the child was
314:
The loss of French men during the war, or their absence in the trenches, created a drop in the birth rate and a shortage of husbands. Proposals for countering the problem included polygamy and pregnancy outside of marriage. Misme thought this was barbarous. A woman who was denied love and
360:
in 1922 Misme praised the new, shorter swimsuits for allowing young women more freedom of movement in the water. She wrote, "anything that stands in the way of the harmonious and necessary development of the body can only be a false kind of grace and modesty."
332:
officially entitled to foster care in the normal way. Misme questioned how the foster parents would treat them if they suspected their origin. Misme published letters that insulted her, accused her of siding with the
Germans and even called her a German spy.
416:, who was 75 years old, but despite illness and fragility was "a permanent miracle of vitality and energy." She said Sainte-Croix had been born to lead, was the undisputed leader of French feminism and one of the leaders of international feminism.
219:
was a regular contributor, writing literary portraits between 1906 and 1908, and theatrical criticism from 1908 to 1913. The paper was owned by the writers through a cooperative. This parent organization, the
1188:
228:, Misme accepted men as collaborators, but refused to argue over politics or religion. The focus would be on "the situation and role of women in France and abroad." In 1908 Misme wrote that
211:(The Frenchwoman) the next year, to fill the gap. It was a four-page, large format weekly that first appeared on 21 October 1906. Cofounders included Mathilde Meliot, director if the
1138:
356:
in particular guarantee your daily bread. She thought that the war had accelerated a change that was already happening in the way single women were viewed. Writing in
1119:
319:
said unwed motherhood was "degrading for women, humiliating for men ... noxious for the child ... dangerous for the public order and intimate happiness."
266:. Misme was president of the Press, Letters and Arts section of the CNFF and delegate to the presidency of the Press, Letters and Arts section of the
408:, creating a useful resource for historians of the women's movement in France. She wrote a series of articles on "The Great Figures of Feminism" for
238:
was intended to take a broad position linking the different republican feminist movements. In practice it became the official organ of the moderate
165:
Her articles covered subjects such as the social roles of women in the past, and the new careers open to women. She was also drama critic for
1324:
1247:
1218:
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905:
393:
246:), to which many women's associations belonged. The CNFF had been formally launched on 18 April 1901. The initial committee was headed by
192:
yet disappeared, she has been challenged by another, baptized the New Woman. The two are in conflict and the world is fighting over them.
96:
1380:
1075:
Hause, Steven C.; Kenney, Anne R. (October 1981). "The Limits of
Suffragist Behavior: Legalism and Militancy in France, 1876-1922".
123:
239:
100:
267:
1370:
1028:
Grayzel, Susan R. (February 1997). "Mothers, Marraines, and
Prostitutes: Morale and Morality in First World War France".
924:(1999). "Intermarriage, Independent Nationality, and the Individual Rights of French Women: The Law of 10 August 1927".
1375:
1365:
146:
Jane Misme became a journalist when she was about thirty years old, writing from 1896 to 1906 in newspapers such as
299:
read "Frenchwomen during the war. What they do. What we can do for them." After the outbreak of war Misme wrote in
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1360:
91:
232:
was strongly against "violent public demonstrations" which were "essentially incompatible with French style ".
1305:
1179:
413:
255:
167:
1057:
Hause, Steven C. (2002). "Union Française Pour Le
Suffrage Des Femmes (UFSF)". In Helen Tierney (ed.).
280:
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in 1897. In
October 1901 Misme wrote in an article on "the conception of women in French theater" for
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motherhood should be seen as a victim of war, and their sacrifice should bring honor, not disgrace.
932:(3/4 Summer/Fall 1999, Special Issue: The Politics of the Family in France). Berghahn Books: 52–74.
1189:"La plus grande féministe de France ». Mais qui est donc Madame Avril de Sainte-Croix ?"
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224:, was described as a "home of practical and moral action for all feminine interests." Unlike
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247:
30:
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95:(The Frenchwoman), published from 1906 to 1934, and was a member of the executive of the
1083:(4). Oxford University Press on behalf of the American Historical Association: 781–806.
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216:
160:
135:
115:
1236:"French Women's First World war Political Journalism: War's Impact on the female Body"
1104:
1344:
1058:
991:
381:
127:
1316:
Beyond
Impressions: The Life and Films of Germaine Dulac from Aesthetics to Politics
351:
Misme continued as an active and opinionated journalist after the war. Writing in
89:(1865–1935) was a French journalist and feminist. She founded the feminist journal
36:
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551:
957:, Conseil national des femmes françaises, Centre des Archives du Féminisme 2 AF 3
292:
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victim, and called on women to bear and love their children. Misme held the
148:
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479:
477:
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473:
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469:
467:
897:
Feminism and
Motherhood in Western Europe, 1890-1970: The Maternal Dilemma
1240:
The
Resilient Female Body: Health and Malaise in Twentieth-century France
1005:
The
Resilient Female Body: Health and Malaise in Twentieth-century France
412:. An article published on 30 November 1930 described the achievements of
1049:
1001:"Fallen Angels? The Red Cross Nurse in French First World War Discourse"
945:
1096:
983:
769:
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195:
380:, 29 November 1923) Misme objected to the spread of the ideas of
970:(2). The University of Chicago Press: 108–111. February 1917.
450:
Les derniers maitres d'Urville: histoire d'une famille messine
483:
400:). Misme often published short biographies of suffragists in
200:
La Française 1906 poster by Alice Kaub-Casalonga (1875-1948)
1139:"Jeanne Schmahl et la loi sur le libre salaire de la femme"
589:
587:
617:
669:
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562:
560:
138:(1862–1926), the first woman to become a doctor of law.
1210:
Disruptive Acts: The New Woman in Fin-de-Siecle France
392:
had been transferred from the CNFF to the affiliated
630:
628:
626:
432:
Les Héroïnes historiques au théâtre Charlotte Corday
76:
68:
60:
52:
44:
21:
552:New Woman's Paper In France, Daily Republican 1907
496:
494:
492:
207:ceased publication in March 1905. Misme launched
659:The Woman Movement In France and Its Leader 1911
441:Pour le suffrage des femmes ... Par la française
134:, and Schmahl found support from Jane Misme and
189:
179:had been founded by the actress and suffragist
244:French: Conseil National des femmes françaises
1284:"The Woman Movement In France and Its Leader"
8:
605:
953:Comité d’initiative, CNFF (10 April 1901),
865:
646:
578:
398:Union française pour le suffrage des femmes
1164:. Monongahela, Pennsylvania: 2. 1907-01-07
853:
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593:
29:
18:
770:Current Opinion, The Biblical World 1914
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685:
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536:
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757:
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673:
524:
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463:
926:French Politics, Culture & Society
877:
745:
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295:(1914–18) the motto on the banner of
7:
709:
500:
335:Misme wrote an extensive article on
1207:Roberts, Mary Louise (2002-10-01).
1036:(1). Taylor & Francis: 66–82.
14:
1143:Bulletin du Archives du FĂ©minisme
484:Jane Misme, Archives du FĂ©minisme
394:French Union for Women's Suffrage
274:French Union for Women's Suffrage
126:(1847–1933), Duchess of Uzès and
124:Anne de Rochechouart de Mortemart
97:French Union for Women's Suffrage
1313:Williams, Tami Michelle (2007).
1304:
1178:
1030:The International History Review
894:Allen, Ann Taylor (2005-07-01).
240:National Council of French Women
101:National Council of French Women
1213:. University of Chicago Press.
337:La Guerre et le rĂ´le des femmes
322:One of the issues discussed in
1265:"Les françaises veulent voter"
1263:Tartakowsky, Danielle (2015).
1193:Bulletin Archives du féminisme
1187:Offen, Karen (December 2005).
1077:The American Historical Review
618:Comité d’initiative, CNFF 1901
339:in the November 1916 issue of
268:International Council of Women
16:French journalist and feminist
1:
1158:"New Woman's Paper In France"
1137:Metz, Annie (December 2007).
1042:10.1080/07075332.1997.9640775
374:Maternité: Le plus beau sport
111:Jane Misme was born in 1865.
1060:Women's Studies Encyclopedia
130:(1836–1936) soon joined the
279:was held in February 1909.
1402:
938:10.3167/153763799782378320
1381:20th-century French women
419:Jane Misme died in 1935.
215:, and Marguerite Durand.
28:
1288:The Brooklyn Daily Eagle
1234:Shearer, Joanna (2007).
999:Fell, Alison S. (2007).
439:Mme. Jane Misme (1909).
273:
866:Hause & Kenney 1981
579:Hause & Kenney 1981
1290:. New York. 1911-09-04
1269:L’Histoire par l’image
900:. Palgrave Macmillan.
222:Cercle de La Française
201:
194:
1124:Archives du FĂ©minisme
423:Selected publications
414:Avril de Sainte-Croix
364:In an article titled
256:Avril de Sainte-Croix
199:
1371:French women writers
1162:The Daily Republican
1089:10.1086/ahr/86.4.781
962:"Current Opinion".
448:Jane Misme (1917).
430:Jane Misme (1900).
175:from 1899 to 1905.
1376:French suffragists
1366:French journalists
964:The Biblical World
281:CĂ©cile Brunschvicg
202:
1326:978-0-549-44079-6
1249:978-3-03910-521-2
1220:978-0-226-72124-8
1063:. Greenwood Press
1014:978-3-03910-521-2
922:Camiscioli, Elisa
907:978-1-4039-8143-1
366:Les Provocatrices
341:La Revue de Paris
181:Marguerite Durand
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83:
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1386:Le Figaro people
1361:French feminists
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347:Post-war period
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264:Marie Bonnevial
260:Julie Siegfried
213:Monde Financier
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132:Avant-Courrière
120:Avant-Courrière
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1299:newspapers.com
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1242:. Peter Lang.
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1173:Newspapers.com
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1007:. Peter Lang.
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976:10.1086/475695
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870:
868:, p. 784.
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832:, p. 303.
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784:, p. 155.
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688:, p. 121.
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581:, p. 788.
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217:Germaine Dulac
161:Revue de Paris
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136:Jeanne Chauvin
116:Jeanne Schmahl
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77:Known for
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35:Jane Misme by
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699:
698:Williams 2007
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686:Williams 2007
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567:Williams 2007
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537:Williams 2007
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443:. p. 40.
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434:. p. 10.
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20:
1330:. Retrieved
1315:
1297:– via
1292:. Retrieved
1287:
1273:. Retrieved
1268:
1253:. Retrieved
1239:
1224:. Retrieved
1209:
1197:. Retrieved
1192:
1171:– via
1166:. Retrieved
1161:
1147:. Retrieved
1142:
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1356:1935 deaths
1351:1865 births
1271:(in French)
329:maternalist
293:World War I
287:World War I
252:Sarah Monod
107:Early years
61:Nationality
39:(1874–1947)
1345:Categories
1332:2015-03-28
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