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1641:, where "10,000 to 12,000 corpses were cremated at one time." He wrote: "The bodies of women were used for kindling" while Germans "toasted the scene with brandy and with the choicest liqueurs, ate, caroused and had a great time warming themselves by the fire." Wiernik described small children waiting so long in the cold for their turn in the gas chambers that "their feet froze and stuck to the icy ground" and noted one guard who would "frequently snatch a child from the woman's arms and either tear the child in half or grab it by the legs, smash its head against a wall and throw the body away." At other times "children were snatched from their mothers' arms and tossed into the flames alive."
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survival to being able to build structures needed in the camp. Given the shortage of skilled construction workers accustomed to the killing process, Wiernik moved between the two divisions of the camp frequently. As a result, he became an important contact between the camp zones when the revolt was being planned.
1688:
Wiernik escaped
Treblinka during the revolt of the prisoners on "a sizzling hot day" of August 2, 1943. A shot fired into the air signalled that the revolt was on. Wiernik wrote that he "grabbed some guns" and, after spotting an opportunity to make a break for the woods, an axe. A camp guard in
1696:
in the name of
Kowalczyk. Next, Wiernik assumed the name of Jan Smarzyński. He made contact with members of the Jewish underground working in the 'Aryan' part of Warsaw. They realized he was a valuable eyewitness of the extermination process in Treblinka. He was persuaded in late 1943 to write
1659:
When the SS recognized that
Wiernik was a professional carpenter, they put him to work constructing various camp structures, including additional gas chambers. Given his skills, Wiernik was not subjected to the same treatment as others and no longer had to handle dead bodies. He attributed his
1747:. "I sacrificed all those nearest and dearest to me. I myself took them to the place of execution. I built their death chambers for them." He said that he had nightmares and had trouble sleeping. Apparently, the horrors he had experienced in Treblinka had caused him to suffer from
1534:
there, where an estimated 700,000–900,000 people, mostly Jews, were murdered. After his escape during the uprising of 2 August 1943, Wiernik reached Warsaw and joined the resistance. He also wrote a clandestine account of the camp's operation,
1320:
1701:
in spite of his initial reluctance (Wiernik had little education and was not a skilled writer). He continued to live in Warsaw in relative comfort, believing that his 'Aryan' appearance allowed him to do so.
2155:
1689:
pursuit shot
Wiernik with a pistol but the bullet did not penetrate his skin. Wiernik said he turned around and killed his pursuer with the axe. Wiernik continued to Warsaw, hiding in a freight train.
1634:
to mass graves. He was traumatized by his experiences and later wrote in his book: "It often happened that an arm or a leg fell off when we tied straps around them in order to drag the bodies away."
407:
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He was also encouraged by occasional scenes of brave resistance. In chapter 8, he describes seeing a naked woman escape the clutches of the guards and leap over a three-metre high
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1550:'s trial in Jerusalem. He returned to Poland in 1964, to attend the opening of the Treblinka Memorial. Wiernik died in Israel in 1972 at the age of 83.
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1805:. It was also printed in the US by American representatives of the General Jewish Workers Union of Poland. It was printed in Palestine by the
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1656:) on the other side, she wrestled his machine gun out of his grasp, killed the guard, and shot another guard before being killed herself.
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He hid in Warsaw, secreted initially by the Polish family of
Krzywoszewski, his former employers. They got him false papers, a
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1546:'s trial in 1947. He left Poland, emigrating first to Sweden and then to the new state of Israel. In 1961, he testified at
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A Year in
Treblinka: An Inmate who Escaped Tells the Day-to-day Facts of One Year of His Torturous Experience
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Ya'akov
Wiernik, "A Year in Treblinka". Hebrew translation, published as a booklet in Tel Aviv, 1944.
1626:; otherwise he would have been immediately gassed and killed that day. Wiernik's first job with the
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1785:(underground organizations of the remnants of Polish Jews), and the Polish Council to Aid Jews
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There in the 1950s, Wiernik built a model of the
Treblinka camp. It is displayed in the
1600:
in the capital. He was transported to
Treblinka on 23 August 1942, during the murderous
1577:. He lived in Warsaw and worked as a property manager at a house owned by the family of
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Wiernik suffered the after-effects of trauma from his time in the camp. His feeling of
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1968:
pp. 633-634, available online at
WladyslawBartoszewski.blox.pl as reprint from
2439:
1773:) in 1944 as a clandestine booklet. It was printed through the efforts of the
1008:
249:
94:
Participation in the uprising of Treblinka and testimony at the Eichmann trial
2061:
1717:, Wiernik initially remained in Poland (in 1947 he testified in the trial of
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422:
372:
131:
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Testimony of Jankiel Wiernik, in "Chronicles of Terror" testimony database
988:
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1721:). He emigrated to Sweden and afterwards to the newly founded state of
1574:
254:
1592:, Wiernik was 50 years old. In late 1940 the German Nazis created the
1798:
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as 2,000 copies. It was sent through Polish underground channels to
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Belzec, Sobibor, Treblinka: The Operation Reinhard Death Camps.
1581:(1886-1950), a popular writer, publisher and theatre director
1895:
Bloomington, Indianapolis: Indiana University Press, p. 209.
1684:
Jankiel Wiernik building a model of the Treblinka death camp
1676:
of Jankiel Wiernik under the assumed name of Jan Smarzyński.
1608:
in August 1943, he was rescued by the Krzywoszewski family.
1596:, and Wiernik was forced to relocate there along with all
1955:
Historia Jankiela Wiernika (The Story of Jankiel Wiernik)
1566:) who were also master cabinetmakers, they moved to
2597:
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2288:
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1732:museum in Israel. In 1961 Wiernik testified in the
90:
82:
74:
59:
37:
21:
2056:in PDF format), New York: digitized by Zchor.org,
1833:, Treblinka revolt survivor, author of a memoir
1789:by means of an underground printer organized by
1648:unscathed. When accosted by a Ukrainian guard (
1620:from Warsaw, Wiernik was selected to work as a
1946:
1944:
1942:
1940:
1938:
1845:Trap with a Green Fence: Survival in Treblinka
1573:From 1904 Jankiel Wiernik was a member of the
1558:Wiernik grew up and lived with his family in
1521:survivor who was an influential figure in the
2127:
1542:Following World War II, Wiernik testified at
1471:
8:
1525:resistance. He had been forced to work as a
1817:. The book recounts his experiences in the
1604:. Following his successful escape from the
2134:
2120:
2112:
1637:He remembered the horrors of the enormous
1478:
1464:
1323:Israel and the Federal Republic of Germany
1122:
883:
523:
147:
99:
29:
18:
2759:Polish resistance members of World War II
1925:
1923:
1921:
1359:Timeline of Treblinka extermination camp
1930:"Lohami Ha'Gettaot Museum site (Hebrew)
1888:Labor Federation of Mandate Palestine.
1877:
1616:On his arrival at Treblinka aboard the
1517:; 1889–1972) was a Polish-Jewish
1315:Central Committee of the Liberated Jews
1203:
1083:
1041:
976:
886:
833:
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706:
581:
526:
239:
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111:
2734:Treblinka extermination camp survivors
2089:
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2077:
1972:(monthly), Warsaw Nr. 8 / August 1964.
1630:required him to drag corpses from the
1588:When World War II began with the 1939
7:
1793:. The circulation was estimated by
1514:
1809:in December 1944, translated into
1801:, and translated into English and
14:
1884:Ghetto Fighters' House Archives,
1414:Encyclopedia of Camps and Ghettos
318:Collaborators during World War II
1932:Ghetto Fighters' House archives.
1743:was expressed in chapter one of
1397:List of books about Nazi Germany
1184:Resistance movement in Auschwitz
812:Concentration Camps Inspectorate
121:
2719:People from Siedlce Governorate
2220:1 September 1942 to August 1943
2156:List of individuals responsible
1254:Joint Declaration by Members of
1753:post-traumatic stress disorder
1:
1321:Reparations Agreement between
1189:Związek Organizacji Wojskowej
864:Human medical experimentation
2724:Jews from the Russian Empire
2143:Treblinka extermination camp
1966:Ten jest z ojczyzny mojej...
1819:Treblinka extermination camp
1523:Treblinka extermination camp
854:Extermination through labour
708:Transit and collection camps
2073:Complete text, 14 chapters.
1853:, the most deadly phase of
1450:Righteous Among the Nations
1346:Deportations of French Jews
2775:
2744:Polish emigrants to Israel
2739:Polish emigrants to Sweden
2714:People from Biała Podlaska
1765:Jankiel Wiernik published
2634:
2210:11 July to 26 August 1942
2185:Richard Wolfgang Thomalla
2149:
1835:The Last Jew of Treblinka
1779:Żydowski Komitet Narodowy
1775:Jewish National Committee
1705:He took part in the 1944
28:
16:Polish holocaust survivor
2306:Erich Fritz Erhard Fuchs
1262:Auschwitz bombing debate
584:Nazi concentration camps
529:Nazi extermination camps
508:List of selected ghettos
423:People with disabilities
2252:Heinrich Arthur Matthes
2230:August to November 1943
2046:Yankel Wiernik (1945),
1866:The Holocaust in Poland
1821:between 1942 and 1943.
413:Slavs in Eastern Europe
398:Romani people (Gypsies)
2729:Israeli Ashkenazi Jews
1951:Władysław Bartoszewski
1891:Arad, Yitzhak (1987).
1795:Władysław Bartoszewski
1730:Ghetto Fighters' House
1685:
1677:
1404:The Destruction of the
1248:International response
684:Transnistria (Romania)
502:German-occupied Poland
2749:Warsaw Ghetto inmates
2615:The Hell of Treblinka
2180:Erwin Hermann Lambert
1683:
1671:
1445:Memorials and museums
1374:Memorials and museums
835:Extermination methods
539:Auschwitz II-Birkenau
130:on selection ramp at
2465:Henryka Łazowertówna
2336:August Wilhelm Miete
2175:Hermann Julius Höfle
2018:A Year in Treblinka,
1970:Miesięcznik "Polska"
1699:A Year in Treblinka,
1579:Stefan Krzywoszewski
1421:Functionalism versus
1354:Survivors of Sobibor
1066:Operation "Reinhard"
818:Politische Abteilung
806:SS-Totenkopfverbände
2643:Numbering 90 to 120
2030:A Year in Treblinka
2006:A Year in Treblinka
1994:A Year in Treblinka
1982:A Year in Treblinka
1862:of January 20, 1942
1843:, author of memoir
1791:Ferdynand Arczyński
1771:A Year in Treblinka
1760:A Year in Treblinka
1745:A Year in Treblinka
1713:. After the end of
1537:A Year in Treblinka
1440:Days of remembrance
1340:Holocaust survivors
1134:Vrba–Wetzler report
1129:Auschwitz Protocols
1086:End of World War II
1076:Extermination camps
1061:Mogilev Conference
1004:Kamianets-Podilskyi
222:Ernst Kaltenbrunner
2656:Auschwitz-Birkenau
2581:General Government
2574:Nazi organizations
2565:Franciszek Ząbecki
2495:Zygmunt Zalcwasser
2435:Samuel Finkelstein
1960:2014-05-09 at the
1860:Wannsee Conference
1855:The Final Solution
1851:Operation Reinhard
1709:, fighting in the
1686:
1678:
1606:extermination camp
1602:Grossaktion Warsaw
1590:invasion of Poland
1583:in the Interbellum
1256:the United Nations
1056:Wannsee Conference
171:Major perpetrators
2691:
2690:
2588:Totenkopfverbände
2560:Samuel Willenberg
2450:Stefanie Horovitz
2430:Julian Chorążycki
2407:Prominent victims
2373:Ivan the Terrible
2311:Lorenz Hackenholt
2275:Gustav Münzberger
2247:Theodor van Eupen
2226:Kurt Hubert Franz
2216:Franz Paul Stangl
2087:External link in
1749:survivor syndrome
1646:barbed wire fence
1488:
1487:
1364:Victims of Nazism
1305:Displaced persons
1238:
1237:
1139:Czesław Mordowicz
1108:
1107:
871:
870:
500:Jewish ghettos in
373:Forced euthanasia
363:Haavara Agreement
333:
332:
269:Totenkopfverbände
197:Reinhard Heydrich
98:
97:
63:1972 (aged 82–83)
2766:
2654:
2626:Treblinka trials
2420:Yitzchok Breiter
2390:Nikolay Shalayev
2385:Feodor Fedorenko
2321:Josef Hirtreiter
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1741:survivor's guilt
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1369:Rescuers of Jews
1275:Nuremberg trials
1206:Ghetto uprisings
1166:Jewish partisans
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1071:Holocaust trains
884:
649:Mauthausen-Gusen
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292:Verfügungstruppe
182:Heinrich Himmler
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2490:Symche Trachter
2401:
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2351:Ernst Stengelin
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2190:Christian Wirth
2170:Odilo Globocnik
2163:Camp organizers
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1962:Wayback Machine
1949:
1936:
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1911:
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1767:Rok w Treblince
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232:Christian Wirth
207:Odilo Globocnik
192:Heinrich Müller
187:Joseph Goebbels
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2500:Lidia Zamenhof
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2425:Amalia Carneri
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2108:External links
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2010:
1998:
1986:
1974:
1934:
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1868:
1863:
1857:
1848:
1841:Richard Glazar
1838:
1826:
1823:
1762:
1757:
1734:Eichmann trial
1719:Ludwig Fischer
1665:
1662:
1628:Sonderkommando
1623:Sonderkommando
1613:
1610:
1568:Biała Podlaska
1555:
1552:
1548:Adolf Eichmann
1544:Ludwig Fischer
1528:Sonderkommando
1486:
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1423:intentionalism
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1348:to death camps
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1179:Witold Pilecki
1176:
1172:Sonderkommando
1168:
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1154:Alfréd Wetzler
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1045:Final Solution
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979:Einsatzgruppen
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859:Einsatzgruppen
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624:Gonars (Italy)
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358:Nuremberg Laws
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342:Early policies
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284:Sturmabteilung
280:
277:Einsatzgruppen
273:
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244:
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229:
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217:Richard Glücks
214:
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202:Adolf Eichmann
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143:Responsibility
141:
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91:Known for
88:
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53:Russian Empire
45:Biała Podlaska
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2548:
2546:
2545:Chaim Sztajer
2543:
2541:
2538:
2536:
2535:Chil Rajchman
2533:
2531:
2530:David Milgrom
2528:
2526:
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2496:
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2483:
2481:
2480:Simon Pullman
2478:
2476:
2475:Yitzchak Lowy
2473:
2471:
2470:Yechiel Lerer
2468:
2466:
2463:
2461:
2460:Berek Lajcher
2458:
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2312:
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2307:
2304:
2302:
2301:Herbert Floss
2299:
2297:
2294:
2293:
2291:
2287:
2281:
2280:Fritz Schmidt
2278:
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2148:
2144:
2137:
2132:
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2125:
2123:
2118:
2117:
2114:
2107:
2103:
2100:
2096:
2081:
2074:
2063:
2059:
2055:
2054:1945 original
2052:(see scanned
2051:
2050:
2044:
2043:
2039:
2032:, chapter 14.
2031:
2026:
2023:
2019:
2014:
2011:
2007:
2002:
1999:
1995:
1990:
1987:
1983:
1978:
1975:
1971:
1967:
1963:
1959:
1956:
1952:
1947:
1945:
1943:
1941:
1939:
1935:
1931:
1926:
1924:
1922:
1918:
1915:
1912:Answers.com,
1909:
1906:
1902:
1901:0-253-21305-3
1898:
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1831:Chil Rajchman
1829:
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1609:
1607:
1603:
1599:
1595:
1594:Warsaw Ghetto
1591:
1586:
1584:
1580:
1576:
1575:Bund movement
1571:
1569:
1565:
1564:Natan Wiernik
1561:
1553:
1551:
1549:
1545:
1540:
1538:
1533:
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1411:
1410:
1408:
1407:
1406:European Jews
1398:
1395:
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1389:
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1127:
1126:
1125:
1124:
1119:
1114:
1113:
1102:
1101:Death marches
1099:
1097:
1096:Wola massacre
1094:
1093:
1092:
1091:
1088:
1087:
1082:
1077:
1074:
1072:
1069:
1067:
1064:
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1007:
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932:
930:
927:
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922:
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917:
915:
912:
910:
907:
905:
902:
900:
899:Kristallnacht
897:
896:
895:
894:
891:
890:
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876:
865:
862:
860:
857:
855:
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836:
832:
827:
826:
825:Sanitätswesen
822:
820:
819:
815:
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797:
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690:
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685:
682:
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672:
670:
669:Sachsenhausen
667:
665:
662:
660:
657:
655:
652:
650:
647:
645:
642:
640:
637:
635:
634:Herzogenbusch
632:
630:
627:
625:
622:
620:
617:
615:
612:
610:
607:
605:
602:
600:
599:Bergen-Belsen
597:
595:
592:
591:
590:
589:
586:
585:
580:
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572:
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567:
565:
562:
560:
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536:
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531:
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394:
391:
390:
387:
382:
381:
374:
371:
369:
366:
364:
361:
359:
356:
354:
353:Nazi eugenics
351:
349:
348:Racial policy
346:
345:
339:
338:
327:
324:
323:
319:
316:
315:
313:
312:
307:
304:
302:
301:
297:
295:
293:
289:
287:
285:
281:
279:
278:
274:
272:
270:
266:
264:
262:
261:Schutzstaffel
258:
256:
253:
251:
248:
247:
246:
245:
242:
241:Organizations
238:
233:
230:
228:
225:
223:
220:
218:
215:
213:
212:Theodor Eicke
210:
208:
205:
203:
200:
198:
195:
193:
190:
188:
185:
183:
180:
178:
175:
173:
172:
168:
167:
166:
165:
162:
158:
154:
149:
144:
139:
138:
133:
129:
124:
120:
119:
116:
114:The Holocaust
110:
106:
102:
101:
93:
89:
85:
81:
77:
75:Resting place
73:
68:
67:Rishon LeZion
62:
58:
54:
50:
46:
40:
36:
32:
27:
20:
2680:
2653:Death camps:
2613:
2587:
2554:
2485:Natan Spigel
2326:Kurt Küttner
2268:executioners
2072:
2065:, retrieved
2048:
2029:
2025:
2017:
2013:
2008:, chapter 7.
2005:
2001:
1996:, chapter 9.
1993:
1989:
1984:, chapter 3.
1981:
1977:
1969:
1965:
1908:
1889:
1880:
1844:
1834:
1778:
1770:
1766:
1764:
1759:
1751:, a form of
1744:
1738:
1727:
1715:World War II
1711:Armia Ludowa
1704:
1698:
1691:
1687:
1672:Counterfeit
1658:
1650:
1643:
1636:
1632:gas chambers
1627:
1621:
1615:
1587:
1572:
1557:
1541:
1536:
1532:slave worker
1526:
1515:יעקב ויירניק
1506:
1502:
1498:
1494:
1490:
1489:
1412:
1402:
1392:Bibliography
1268:
1204:
1171:
1144:Jerzy Tabeau
1084:
1042:
977:
887:
834:
823:
816:
804:
795:
707:
582:
527:
306:Trawniki men
298:
291:
283:
275:
268:
260:
240:
177:Adolf Hitler
169:
160:
153:Nazi Germany
2709:1972 deaths
2704:1889 births
2415:Ernst Arndt
2346:Otto Stadie
2331:Willi Mentz
2316:Hans Hingst
2296:Paul Bredow
2266:Gas chamber
2090:|type=
2067:December 8,
1736:in Israel.
1598:Polish Jews
1434:Remembrance
1231:Częstochowa
1174:photographs
1149:Rudolf Vrba
999:Częstochowa
949:Lviv (Lvov)
849:Gas chamber
764:Netherlands
664:Ravensbrück
629:Gross-Rosen
594:Auschwitz I
418:Homosexuals
408:Soviet POWs
227:Rudolf Höss
2698:Categories
2512:Resistance
2440:Artur Gold
2341:Max Möller
2199:Commandant
1914:Treblinka.
1872:References
1118:Resistance
1009:Ninth Fort
964:Vel' d'Hiv
880:Atrocities
775:Westerbork
770:Amersfoort
654:Neuengamme
644:Kaiserwald
609:Buchenwald
604:Bogdanovka
250:Nazi Party
134:, May 1944
83:Occupation
2681:Treblinka
2604:Memorials
2601:Aftermath
2515:Survivors
2396:Trawnikis
2062:233992530
2020:chapter 8
1807:Histadrut
1694:Kennkarte
1674:Kennkarte
1612:Treblinka
1519:Holocaust
1386:Resources
1310:Survivors
1293:Aftermath
1269:St. Louis
1221:Białystok
1034:Erntefest
994:Bydgoszcz
954:Marseille
924:Szczuczyn
904:Bucharest
796:Divisions
722:Breendonk
694:Uckermark
674:Salaspils
574:Treblinka
554:Jasenovac
443:Białystok
300:Wehrmacht
132:Auschwitz
2671:Majdanek
2240:Deputies
2152:Timeline
2080:citation
1958:Archived
1825:See also
1781:, ŻKN),
1652:Trawniki
1019:Piaśnica
989:Babi Yar
929:Jedwabne
781:Slovakia
727:Mechelen
679:Stutthof
639:Janowska
564:Sajmište
559:Majdanek
448:Budapest
105:a series
103:Part of
69:, Israel
2676:Sobibor
2666:Chełmno
2640:Alleged
2398:"
2040:Sources
1803:Yiddish
1507:Wiernik
1491:Jankiel
1029:Rumbula
959:Tykocin
909:Dorohoi
889:Pogroms
844:Gas van
758:Bolzano
716:Belgium
569:Sobibor
549:Chełmno
493:Vilnius
436:Ghettos
386:Victims
294:(SS-VT)
271:(SS-TV)
255:Gestapo
2661:Belzec
2381:
2365:Guards
2060:
1899:
1847:(1992)
1837:(1945)
1811:Hebrew
1799:London
1787:Żegota
1723:Israel
1664:Escape
1560:Kobryń
1511:Hebrew
1499:Yaakov
1495:Yankel
1300:Bricha
1226:Łachwa
1216:Warsaw
1161:Bricha
1024:Ponary
1014:Odessa
969:Wąsosz
944:Kaunas
934:Plungė
746:Drancy
734:France
699:Warsaw
614:Dachau
544:Bełżec
488:Warsaw
468:Lublin
458:Kraków
453:Kaunas
161:People
78:Israel
1639:pyres
1503:Jacob
1501:, or
1334:Lists
919:Izieu
787:Sereď
752:Italy
520:Camps
478:Minsk
403:Poles
2154:and
2095:help
2069:2013
2058:OCLC
1897:ISBN
1783:Bund
1725:.
1554:Life
914:Iași
741:Gurs
619:Dora
483:Riga
473:Lwów
463:Łódź
393:Jews
286:(SA)
263:(SS)
128:Jews
60:Died
41:1889
38:Born
2586:SS-
1964:in
1813:by
1585:.
1267:MS
659:Rab
2700::
2084::
2082:}}
2078:{{
2071:,
1953:,
1937:^
1920:^
1755:.
1570:.
1513::
1505:)
1497:,
107:on
51:,
47:,
2622:)
2618:(
2394:"
2375:"
2371:"
2135:e
2128:t
2121:v
2097:)
2093:(
1903:.
1777:(
1769:(
1509:(
1493:(
1479:e
1472:t
1465:v
1047:"
1043:"
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