815:
665:
58:
449:
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not have detectable IgM, and the test should be repeated on a convalescent sample. For patients with JE virus IgM antibodies, confirmatory neutralizing antibody testing should be performed. Confirmatory testing in the US is available only at the CDC and a few specialized reference laboratories. In fatal cases, nucleic acid amplification and virus culture of autopsy tissues can be useful. Viral antigen can be shown in tissues by
305:
431:
2817:
2831:
909:, with up to 70,000 cases reported annually. Case-fatality rates range from 0.3% to 60% and depend on the population and age. Rare outbreaks in U.S. territories in the Western Pacific have also occurred. Residents of rural areas in endemic locations are at highest risk; Japanese encephalitis does not usually occur in urban areas.
651:
JE virus IgM antibodies are usually detectable 3 to 8 days after onset of illness and persist for 30 to 90 days, but longer persistence has been documented. Therefore, positive IgM antibodies occasionally may reflect a past infection or vaccination. Serum collected within 10 days of illness onset may
1020:
infected with the
Japanese encephalitis virus has shown that neurons play an important role in their own defense against Japanese encephalitis infection. Although this challenges the long-held belief that neurons are immunologically quiescent, an improved understanding of the proinflammatory effects
607:
which is formed by the capsid protein. The outer envelope is formed by envelope protein and is the protective antigen. It aids in entry of the virus into the cell. The genome also encodes several nonstructural proteins (NS1, NS2a, NS2b, NS3, N4a, NS4b, NS5). NS1 is produced as a secretory form also.
2407:
Kim, Heung Chul; Terry A. Klein; Ratree
Takhampunya; Brian P. Evans; Sirima Mingmongkolchai; Ampornpan Kengluecha; John Grieco; Penny Masuoka; Myung-Soon Kim; Sung-Tae Chong; Jong-Koo Lee & Won-Ja Lee (2011). "Japanese Encephalitis Virus in Culicine Mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) Collected at
389:
Although the net effect of the proinflammatory mediators is to kill infectious organisms and infected cells as well as to stimulate the production of molecules that amplify the mounting response to damage, it is also evident that in a nonregenerating organ such as the brain, a dysregulated innate
992:
Humans, cattle, and horses are dead-end hosts as the disease manifests as fatal encephalitis. Pigs act as an amplifying host and have a very important role in the epidemiology of the disease. Infection in swine is asymptomatic, except in pregnant sows, when abortion and fetal abnormalities are
631:
in 1952, is the prototype strain of genotype V. Genotype V is the earliest recognized ancestral strain. The first clinical reports date from 1870, but the virus appears to have evolved in the mid-16th century. Complete genomes 372 strains of this virus have been sequenced as of 2024.
289:, convulsions and a raised body temperature between 38–41 °C (100.4–105.8 °F). The mortality rate of the disease is around 25% and is generally higher in children under five, the immuno-suppressed and the elderly. Transplacental spread has been noted.
1774:
Pham, David; Howard-Jones, Annaleise R.; Hueston, Linda; Jeoffreys, Neisha; Doggett, Stephen; Rockett, Rebecca J.; Eden, John-Sebastian; Sintchenko, Vitali; C-A. Chen, Sharon; O'Sullivan, Matthew V.; Maddocks, Susan; Dwyer, Dominic E.; Kok, Jen (October 2022).
983:
became a concern to health officials as the population has limited immunity to the disease and the presence of large numbers of farmed and feral pigs could act as reservoirs for the virus. In
February 2022, Japanese encephalitis was detected and confirmed in
999:, which feeds on cattle in preference to humans. The natural hosts of the Japanese encephalitis virus are birds, not humans, and many believe the virus will therefore never be eliminated. In November 2011, the Japanese encephalitis virus was reported in
2720:
Mishra MK, Dutta K, Saheb SK, Basu A (December 2009). "Understanding the molecular mechanism of blood–brain barrier damage in an experimental model of
Japanese encephalitis: correlation with minocycline administration as a therapeutic agent".
2996:
2981:
2966:
988:
in
Victoria, Queensland and New South Wales. On 4 March, cases were detected in South Australia. By October 2022, the outbreak in eastern mainland Australia had caused 42 symptomatic human cases of the disease, resulting in seven deaths.
394:
loop of microglial activation that possibly leads to bystander neuronal damage. In animals, key signs include infertility and abortion in pigs, neurological disease in horses, and systemic signs including fever, lethargy and anorexia.
2767:
Mohammed MA, Galbraith SE, Radford AD, Dove W, Takasaki T, Kurane I, Solomon T (July 2011). "Molecular phylogenetic and evolutionary analyses of Muar strain of
Japanese encephalitis virus reveal it is the missing fifth genotype".
701:
has led to control of the disease in Japan and
Singapore. The high cost of this vaccine, which is grown in live mice, means that poorer countries have not been able to afford to give it as part of a routine immunization program.
2627:
Dutta K, Ghosh D, Basu A (May 2009). "Curcumin
Protects Neuronal Cells from Japanese Encephalitis Virus-Mediated Cell Death and also Inhibits Infective Viral Particle Formation by Dysregulation of Ubiquitin-Proteasome System".
1021:
responsible for immune-mediated control of viral infection and neuronal injury during
Japanese encephalitis infection is an essential step for developing strategies for limiting the severity of CNS disease.
1065:
has been shown to impart neuroprotection against
Japanese encephalitis infection in an in vitro study. Curcumin possibly acts by decreasing cellular reactive oxygen species level, restoration of cellular
689:
available: SA14-14-2, IXIARO (IC51, also marketed in Australia, New Zealand as JESPECT and India as JEEV) and ChimeriVax-JE (marketed as IMOJEV). All current vaccines are based on the genotype III virus.
736:
persists in the circulation for at least two to three years, and perhaps longer. The total duration of protection is unknown, but because there is no firm evidence for protection beyond three years,
1024:
A number of drugs have been investigated to either reduce viral replication or provide neuroprotection in cell lines or studies upon mice. None are currently advocated in treating human patients.
697:-inactivated mouse-brain-derived vaccine was first produced in Japan in the 1930s and was validated for use in Taiwan in the 1960s and in Thailand in the 1980s. The widespread use of vaccine and
4278:
2124:
Nimesh Gupta; Vinay Lomash; P.V. Lakshmana Rao (September 2010). "Expression profile of Japanese encephalitis virus induced neuroinflammation and its implication in disease severity".
1994:
Kurane I, Takashi T (2000). "Immunogenicity and protective efficacy of the current inactivated Japanese encephalitis vaccine against different Japanese encephalitis virus strains".
1074:
signaling molecules, and modulating cellular levels of stress-related proteins. It has also been shown that the production of infective viral particles from previously infected
2592:
Kazłowski B, Chiu YH, Kazłowska K, Pan CL, Wu CJ (August 2012). "Prevention of Japanese encephalitis virus infections by low-degree-polymerisation sulfated saccharides from
3219:
2885:
Heffelfinger JD, Li X, Batmunkh N, Grabovac V, Diorditsa S, Liyanage JB, Pattamadilok S, Bahl S, Vannice KS, Hyde TB, Chu SY, Fox KK, Hills SL, Marfin AA (9 June 2017).
4034:
3153:
4288:
3179:
379:"Exaggerated levels of some specific TLRs, cytokines and chemokines in Japanese encephalitis infected BV2 and neuro 2A cell lines associated with worst outcome"
2029:
242:. About 3 billion people live in areas where the disease occurs. About 68,000 symptomatic cases occur a year, with about 17,000 deaths. Often, cases occur in
320:
of the central nervous system (CNS) and have a critical role in host defense against invading microorganisms. Activated microglia secrete cytokines, such as
2455:"Chemokine profiling of Japanese encephalitis virus-infected mouse neuroblastoma cells by microarray and real-time RT-PCR: Implication in neuropathogenesis"
1365:
3663:
806:
for the management of encephalitis is unclear due to a lack of evidence. Intravenous immunoglobulin for Japanese encephalitis appeared to have no benefit.
740:
are recommended every 11 months for people who remain at risk. Some data are available regarding the interchangeability of other JE vaccines and IXIARO.
1725:"Comparison of a dipstick enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay with commercial assays for detection of Japanese encephalitis virus-specific IgM antibodies"
1941:
281:
of this disease which may last for a period of between 1 and 6 days. Signs which develop during the acute encephalitic stage include neck rigidity,
3300:
1088:
in mice resulted in marked decreases in the levels of several markers, viral titer, and the level of proinflammatory mediators and also prevented
75:
2673:"Minocycline neuroprotects, reduces microglial activation, inhibits caspase 3 induction, and viral replication following Japanese encephalitis"
316:
activation following Japanese encephalitis infection has been found to influence the outcome of viral pathogenesis. Microglia are the resident
4498:
3212:
3537:
1660:"Insights into the evolutionary history of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) based on whole-genome sequences comprising the five genotypes"
3652:
1155:
1105:
region and evolved there into five different genotypes which spread across Asia. The mean evolutionary rate has been estimated to be 4.35
2270:
Campbell GL, Hills SL, Fischer M, Jacobson JA, Hoke CH, Hombach JM, Marfin AA, Solomon T, Tsai TF, Tsu VD, Ginsburg AS (November 2011).
223:, which is both safe and effective. Other measures include avoiding mosquito bites. Once infected, there is no specific treatment, with
1828:
1389:"Japanese Encephalitis virus infection in astrocytes modulate microglial function: Correlation with inflammation and oxidative stress"
2854:
3527:
2867:
390:
immune response would be deleterious. In JE the tight regulation of microglial activation appears to be disturbed, resulting in an
4039:
3879:
3412:
3407:
3205:
1251:
1218:
1460:
713:
neurological complications of around 1 per million vaccinations. However where the vaccine is not produced in mouse brains but
212:
and wild birds serve as a reservoir for the virus. The disease occurs mostly outside of cities. Diagnosis is based on blood or
912:
Countries which have had major epidemics in the past, but which have controlled the disease primarily by vaccination, include
640:
Japanese encephalitis is diagnosed by commercially available tests detecting JE virus-specific IgM antibodies in serum and/or
3814:
3118:
2863:
4071:
3711:
3310:
2410:
818:
814:
676:
220:
131:
4362:
4357:
3965:
2044:
664:
4493:
3992:
3987:
3975:
3517:
3400:
3166:
1709:
1079:
408:
333:
325:
106:
2504:"Antiviral and anti-inflammatory effects of rosmarinic acid in an experimental murine model of Japanese encephalitis"
227:. This is generally carried out in a hospital. Permanent problems occur in up to half of people who recover from JE.
448:
4488:
4081:
3999:
3980:
3346:
2320:
803:
187:
caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV). While most infections result in little or no symptoms, occasional
3184:
4204:
3667:
1955:"Japanese encephalitis vaccine: persistence of antibody up to 3 years after a three-dose primary series (letter)"
779:
receptor involvement in the disease severity. A recent report of an Indian group demonstrates the involvement of
368:
308:
Japanese encephalitis virus enters the brain through two ways and leads to infection of neurons and encephalitis.
3559:
2334:
748:
There is no specific treatment for Japanese encephalitis and treatment is supportive, with assistance given for
363:. In the cortex, the number of activated microglia was significantly less when compared to other regions of the
293:
develop in 40% of those who survive with lifelong neurological defects such as deafness, emotional lability and
4283:
4226:
4104:
3899:
3424:
3011:
1611:"Japanese encephalitis virus infection initiates endoplasmic reticulum stress and an unfolded protein response"
1041:
1089:
359:, the number of activated microglia was more than anywhere else in the brain, closely followed by that in the
57:
1287:
Moloney, Rachael M.; Kmush, Brittany; Rudolph, Kara E.; Cummings, Derek A. T.; Lessler, Justin (7 May 2014).
4483:
4387:
4049:
4044:
3949:
3744:
3730:
3706:
3648:
3458:
3342:
995:
769:
341:
1521:"Feasibility of cross-protective vaccination against flaviviruses of the Japanese encephalitis serocomplex"
1408:"Proinflammatory mediators released by activated microglia induces neuronal death in Japanese encephalitis"
3734:
3702:
3678:
3513:
3391:
3315:
3290:
3276:
3255:
3080:
3062:
1001:
753:
596:
298:
4167:
4076:
4054:
3718:
961:
761:
709:
reaction can develop about four days after injection. Vaccines produced from mouse brain have a risk of
627:
Based on the envelope gene, there are five genotypes (I–V). The Muar strain, isolated from a patient in
621:
290:
239:
4219:
4214:
3593:
3140:
2777:
628:
443:
321:
278:
375:
from different brain regions during a progressive Japanese encephalitis infection was also observed.
4155:
4140:
4009:
3804:
3000:
1101:
It is theorized that the virus may have originated from an ancestral virus in the mid-1500s in the
973:
641:
213:
120:
31:
4352:
3627:
3479:
2877:
2746:
2702:
2653:
2435:
1924:
1806:
1437:
1067:
682:
653:
82:
3158:
1147:
4432:
4209:
3552:
3366:
3127:
3022:
2936:
2916:
2887:"Japanese Encephalitis Surveillance and Immunization — Asia and Western Pacific Regions, 2016"
2793:
2738:
2694:
2645:
2574:
2533:
2484:
2453:
Nimesh Gupta; S.R. Santhosh; J. Pradeep Babu; M.M. Parida; P.V. Lakshmana Rao (January 2010).
2427:
2389:
2301:
2252:
2234:
2192:
2141:
2089:
2011:
1976:
1916:
1881:
1798:
1756:
1691:
1640:
1591:
1550:
1501:
1429:
1343:
1318:
1273:
1102:
796:
669:
263:
114:
70:
3197:
2975:
4160:
4145:
3775:
3586:
3581:
2906:
2898:
2785:
2730:
2684:
2637:
2609:
2564:
2523:
2515:
2474:
2466:
2419:
2379:
2369:
2291:
2283:
2242:
2226:
2182:
2172:
2133:
2079:
2071:
2003:
1966:
1908:
1871:
1863:
1824:
1788:
1746:
1736:
1681:
1671:
1630:
1622:
1581:
1540:
1532:
1493:
1419:
1308:
1300:
1037:
705:
The most common adverse effects are redness and pain at the injection site. Uncommonly, an
2213:
Iro, Mildred A.; Martin, Natalie G.; Absoud, Michael; Pollard, Andrew J. (2 October 2017).
775:
A breakthrough in the field of Japanese encephalitis therapeutics is the identification of
17:
4237:
3867:
3860:
3855:
3658:
3569:
3449:
3444:
2107:
1464:
1029:
792:
617:
592:
588:
497:
328:, which can cause toxic effects in the brain. Additionally, other soluble factors such as
313:
224:
142:
2781:
2553:"Novel strategy for treatment of Japanese encephalitis using arctigenin, a plant lignan"
2319:
Australian Government Department of National pest & disease outbreaks (March 2022).
378:
304:
4064:
3752:
3723:
2911:
2886:
2836:
2528:
2503:
2479:
2454:
2384:
2357:
2296:
2271:
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2214:
2187:
2160:
2084:
2059:
1876:
1851:
1686:
1659:
1545:
1520:
1406:
Ghoshal, A; Das, S; Ghosh, S; Mishra, MK; Sharma, V; Koli, P; Sen, E; Basu, A. (2007).
1313:
1288:
1210:
980:
235:
3005:
2007:
1635:
1610:
1243:
791:
in severe inflammatory response in Japanese encephalitis infection of the brain. This
4477:
4411:
4321:
4269:
4190:
4172:
4094:
4014:
3890:
3872:
3784:
3574:
3231:
2706:
2689:
2672:
1810:
1075:
1071:
485:
337:
2750:
2657:
2439:
1928:
1626:
1457:
1441:
4425:
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4025:
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3759:
3693:
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3639:
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3467:
3462:
3417:
3382:
3325:
3267:
3132:
3051:
2822:
2613:
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2230:
1867:
969:
749:
737:
718:
698:
571:
533:
521:
509:
430:
391:
267:
188:
3235:
2161:"Transcriptomic profile of host response in Japanese encephalitis virus infection"
799:
and a new lead in development of appropriate therapies for Japanese encephalitis.
3103:
3016:
2789:
2734:
2374:
1793:
1776:
4256:
4246:
4150:
4131:
3958:
3953:
3849:
3613:
3547:
3504:
3434:
3356:
3280:
3112:
2930:
1971:
1954:
1723:
Shrivastva A, Tripathi NK, Parida M, Dash PK, Jana AM, Lakshmana Rao PV (2008).
1337:
1085:
1006:
917:
364:
352:
329:
317:
294:
286:
273:
Severe rigors may mark the onset of this disease in humans. Fever, headache and
191:. In these cases, symptoms may include headache, vomiting, fever, confusion and
979:
In 2022, the notable increase in distribution of the virus in Australia due to
4443:
4373:
4343:
4293:
4177:
4059:
3940:
3795:
3673:
3604:
3486:
3335:
3027:
2990:
2812:
2641:
2137:
1676:
1052:
1046:
1033:
1013:
784:
776:
710:
706:
613:
545:
372:
2408:
Daeseongdong, a Village in the Demilitarized Zone of the Republic of Korea".
2238:
1912:
4452:
3244:
3046:
2846:
2112:
1741:
1724:
1484:
Solomon, T. (2006). "Control of Japanese encephalitis – within our grasp?".
1388:
1289:"Incubation Periods of Mosquito-Borne Viral Infections: A Systematic Review"
965:
921:
591:, are known to infect humans. The enveloped virus is closely related to the
473:
231:
149:
3171:
2940:
2920:
2902:
2797:
2742:
2698:
2649:
2578:
2537:
2488:
2431:
2393:
2305:
2272:"Estimmated global incidence of Japanese encephalitis: a systematic review"
2256:
2196:
2177:
2145:
2093:
2015:
1920:
1885:
1802:
1777:"Emergence of Japanese encephalitis in Australia: a diagnostic perspective"
1760:
1695:
1644:
1595:
1586:
1569:
1554:
1505:
1433:
1347:
1322:
2287:
2075:
1980:
1658:
Gao, Xiaoyan; Liu, Hong; Li, Minghua; Fu, Shihong; Liang, Guodong (2015).
1304:
3228:
3097:
3057:
2569:
2552:
2519:
2058:
Solomon T, Dung NM, Kneen R, Gainsborough M, Vaughn DW, Khanh VT (2000).
1825:"Jeev an inactivated Japanese Encephalitis vaccine launched in Hyderabad"
1062:
1059:
has been shown to be effective in a mouse model of Japanese encephalitis.
957:
941:
933:
905:
Japanese encephalitis (JE) is the leading cause of viral encephalitis in
780:
772:
from person to person and therefore patients do not need to be isolated.
765:
733:
714:
694:
686:
609:
404:
360:
356:
282:
243:
199:
2215:"Intravenous immunoglobulin for the treatment of childhood encephalitis"
1497:
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4331:
4309:
3828:
1536:
1468:
1424:
1407:
1017:
985:
945:
937:
757:
726:
722:
580:
348:
274:
192:
88:
2958:
2830:
1751:
4420:
4199:
3928:
3917:
2985:
2970:
1899:
Jelinek T (July 2008). "Japanese encephalitis vaccine in travelers".
1366:"What is Japanese encephalitis and why is it spreading in Australia?"
929:
788:
604:
584:
3074:
2423:
624:(ER) and rapidly accumulates substantial amounts of viral proteins.
953:
949:
925:
913:
813:
663:
645:
460:
303:
247:
204:
184:
1570:"Viruses, endoplasmic reticulum stress, and interferon responses"
65:
The geographic distribution of Japanese encephalitis (dark green)
3491:
906:
251:
209:
154:
Permanent neurological problems occur in up to half of survivors
27:
Infection of the brain caused by the Japanese encephalitis virus
3201:
3145:
3078:
2502:
Swarup V, Ghosh J, Ghosh S, Saxena A, Basu A (September 2007).
2358:"Japanese encephalitis-a pathological and clinical perspective"
4119:
2925:
Erratum in: MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2017 Jun 23;66(24):653.
2849:. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. 8 February 2019.
972:, Myanmar in 2013. There were 116 deaths reported in Odisha's
600:
2929:
Simon, LV; Kruse, B (January 2018). "Japanese Encephalitis".
2857:. Australian government Department of Health and Aging. 2012.
1336:
Simon, LV; Kruse, B (January 2018). "Japanese Encephalitis".
936:. Other countries that still have periodic epidemics include
344:, and nitrogen species are secreted by activated microglia.
2030:"Japanese Encephalitis Virus Vaccine (Intramuscular Route)"
616:. It has been noted that Japanese encephalitis infects the
2337:. Australian Government Department of Health and Aged Care
583:
related viruses, some of which are particularly severe in
1078:
cells is reduced, which is achieved by inhibition of the
964:, and two fatal cases were reported in mainland northern
821:
for Japanese encephalitis per 100,000 inhabitants in 2002
2762:
2760:
681:
Infection with Japanese encephalitis confers lifelong
270:: only 1 in 250 infections develop into encephalitis.
2045:"Are Japanese Encephalitis Vaccines Interchangeable?"
1293:
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene
367:. An overall induction of differential expression of
266:
of 2 to 26 days. The vast majority of infections are
2948:
1953:
Gambel JM, DeFraites R, Hoke C, et al. (1995).
4441:
4409:
4400:
4371:
4341:
4319:
4308:
4267:
4235:
4188:
4129:
4118:
4092:
4023:
3938:
3927:
3916:
3888:
3838:
3827:
3793:
3773:
3691:
3637:
3626:
3602:
3502:
3380:
3265:
3254:
3243:
3087:
3037:
2952:
2847:"Questions and Answers About Japanese Encephalitis"
2551:Swarup V, Ghosh J, Mishra MK, Basu A (March 2008).
2356:Ghosh D, Basu A (September 2009). Brooker S (ed.).
1387:Mohapatra S, Chakraborty T, Basu A (October 2023).
166:
158:
148:
138:
127:
113:
102:
94:
81:
69:
47:
42:
2064:Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery, and Psychiatry
195:. This occurs about 5 to 15 days after infection.
960:. Japanese encephalitis has been reported in the
377:Shukla M, Garg A, Dhole TN, Chaturvedi R (2023).
30:"JEV" redirects here. For the racing driver, see
1117:10) nucleotide substitutions per site per year.
2159:Nimesh Gupta; P.V. Lakshmana Rao (March 2011).
1852:"Vaccines for preventing Japanese encephalitis"
668:Japanese encephalitis vaccine "ENCEVAC" in the
993:common sequelae. The most important vector is
3213:
1710:"Japanese encephalitis virus complete genome"
1479:
1477:
1238:
1236:
262:The Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) has an
8:
1142:
1140:
1138:
1136:
1134:
1132:
1130:
3664:Severe fever with thrombocytopenia syndrome
2219:The Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews
725:, the main side effects being headache and
4406:
4316:
4126:
3935:
3924:
3835:
3634:
3262:
3251:
3220:
3206:
3198:
3075:
2949:
1453:
1451:
1205:
1203:
1201:
1199:
1197:
1195:
1193:
721:there are few adverse effects compared to
599:virus. The positive sense single-stranded
429:
418:
219:Prevention is generally achieved with the
56:
39:
2910:
2688:
2568:
2527:
2478:
2383:
2373:
2295:
2246:
2186:
2176:
2083:
1970:
1875:
1792:
1750:
1740:
1685:
1675:
1634:
1585:
1544:
1423:
1312:
1191:
1189:
1187:
1185:
1183:
1181:
1179:
1177:
1175:
1173:
2878:"Japanese encephalitis resource library"
2869:Immunisation against infectious disease
1359:
1357:
1126:
2043:Grant M. Gallagher (13 January 2020).
1850:Schiøler KL, Samuel M, Wai KL (2007).
968:in 1998. There were reported cases in
654:indirect fluorescent antibody staining
351:model of JE, it was found that in the
87:Headache, fever, vomiting, confusion,
4035:Hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome
2208:
2206:
246:. The disease was first described in
7:
2872:. Green Book. Public Health England.
1831:from the original on 23 October 2012
1827:. pharmabiz.com. 15 September 2012.
3538:Venezuelan equine encephalomyelitis
1609:Su HL, Liao CL, Lin YL (May 2002).
326:tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α)
25:
1221:from the original on 13 July 2017
1158:from the original on 17 June 2017
577:Japanese encephalitis serocomplex
3528:Western equine encephalomyelitis
3518:Eastern equine encephalomyelitis
2829:
2815:
2690:10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05238.x
1274:"Japanese encephalitis - Causes"
1254:from the original on 24 May 2017
447:
438:Flavivirus structure and genome
230:The disease primarily occurs in
189:inflammation of the brain occurs
3653:Crimean–Congo hemorrhagic fever
2671:Mishra MK, Basu A (June 2008).
2108:Japanese encephalitis~treatment
1627:10.1128/JVI.76.9.4162-4171.2002
1486:New England Journal of Medicine
1364:Davey, Melissa (8 March 2022).
795:study provides a hypothesis of
587:, and four of which, including
569:JEV is a virus from the family
3815:Kemerovo tickborne viral fever
2614:10.1016/j.foodchem.2012.01.106
2471:10.1016/j.virusres.2009.10.018
2231:10.1002/14651858.CD011367.pub2
1868:10.1002/14651858.CD004263.pub2
403:It is a disease caused by the
1:
4072:Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome
3311:Jamestown Canyon encephalitis
2935:. FL: StatPearls Publishing.
2411:Journal of Medical Entomology
2335:"Japanese encephalitis virus"
2008:10.1016/S0264-410X(00)00041-4
1519:Lobigs M, Diamond MS (2012).
819:Disability-adjusted life year
677:Japanese encephalitis vaccine
644:, for example by IgM capture
221:Japanese encephalitis vaccine
132:Japanese encephalitis vaccine
4499:Vaccine-preventable diseases
3966:Venezuelan hemorrhagic fever
2790:10.1016/j.meegid.2011.01.020
2735:10.1016/j.neuint.2009.07.006
2508:Antimicrob. Agents Chemother
2375:10.1371/journal.pntd.0000437
2126:Journal of Clinical Virology
1794:10.1016/j.pathol.2022.07.001
760:control as required. Raised
685:. There are currently three
334:excitatory neurotransmitters
202:, specifically those of the
98:5 to 15 days after infection
3988:Brazilian hemorrhagic fever
3976:Argentine hemorrhagic fever
3119:Japanese encephalitis virus
3089:Japanese encephalitis virus
2864:"20. Japanese encephalitis"
1471:, accessed 11 October 2011.
1458:Japanese Encephalitis Virus
1080:ubiquitin-proteasome system
560:Japanese encephalitis virus
423:Japanese encephalitis virus
409:Japanese encephalitis virus
297:occurring in those who had
198:JEV is generally spread by
107:Japanese encephalitis virus
18:Japanese encephalitis virus
4515:
4000:Bolivian hemorrhagic fever
3880:Sandfly fever Naples virus
2862:Ramsay, Mary, ed. (2020).
1856:Cochrane Database Syst Rev
1467:reviewed and published by
804:intravenous immunoglobulin
674:
603:genome is packaged in the
29:
3668:Huaiyangshan banyangvirus
2891:MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep
2642:10.1007/s11481-009-9158-2
2138:10.1016/j.jcv.2010.06.009
1972:10.1093/infdis/171.4.1074
1677:10.1186/s12985-015-0270-z
1215:World Health Organization
442:
437:
428:
421:
369:proinflammatory cytokines
183:) is an infection of the
134:, avoiding mosquito bites
64:
55:
4284:SARS-related coronavirus
4247:Henipavirus encephalitis
4105:Murid gammaherpesvirus 4
3950:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
3731:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
3703:Arbovirus encephalitides
3679:Arbovirus encephalitides
3649:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
3614:Banna virus encephalitis
3514:Arbovirus encephalitides
3459:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
3425:Saint Louis encephalitis
3392:Arbovirus encephalitides
3343:Viral hemorrhagic fevers
3277:Arbovirus encephalitides
2557:J. Antimicrob. Chemother
1942:EMEA Approval of Vaccine
1913:10.1586/14760584.7.5.689
1368:. The Guardian Australia
1148:"Symptoms and Treatment"
1042:degree of polymerization
579:of nine genetically and
4388:Yaba monkey tumor virus
3745:Kyasanur Forest disease
3707:Tick-borne encephalitis
3408:Australian encephalitis
3301:California encephalitis
2855:"Japanese Encephalitis"
2630:J Neuroimmune Pharmacol
2321:"Japanese encephalitis"
2276:Bull World Health Organ
2060:"Japanese encephalitis"
1742:10.4103/0022-3859.40959
1244:"Japanese Encephalitis"
1211:"Japanese encephalitis"
1012:Recently, whole genome
996:Culex tritaeniorhynchus
612:, and NS5 is the viral
51:Japanese B encephalitis
3735:Omsk hemorrhagic fever
3316:La Crosse encephalitis
2932:Encephalitis, Japanese
2903:10.15585/mmwr.mm6622a3
2178:10.1186/1743-422X-8-92
1587:10.1038/sj.cdd.4401833
1339:Encephalitis, Japanese
1002:Culex bitaeniorhynchus
902:
672:
597:St. Louis encephalitis
309:
299:central nervous system
291:Neurological disorders
109:(spread by mosquitoes)
4168:Marburg virus disease
3719:Powassan encephalitis
3396:Japanese encephalitis
2288:10.2471/BLT.10.085233
2076:10.1136/jnnp.68.4.405
1305:10.4269/ajtmh.13-0403
962:Torres Strait Islands
817:
802:The effectiveness of
762:intracranial pressure
667:
622:endoplasmic reticulum
307:
279:non-specific symptoms
225:care being supportive
177:Japanese encephalitis
43:Japanese encephalitis
3594:Semliki Forest virus
2520:10.1128/AAC.00041-07
2032:. Mayo Clinic. 2024.
1463:18 July 2013 at the
764:may be managed with
444:Virus classification
322:interleukin-1 (IL-1)
4141:Ebola virus disease
3805:Colorado tick fever
3560:O'nyong'nyong fever
2782:2011InfGE..11..855M
1901:Expert Rev Vaccines
1568:He B (March 2006).
1525:Expert Rev Vaccines
1498:10.1056/NEJMp058263
1090:blood–brain barrier
974:Malkangiri district
642:cerebrospinal fluid
214:cerebrospinal fluid
121:cerebrospinal fluid
4494:Viral encephalitis
4353:Simian foamy virus
3038:External resources
2598:Monostroma nitidum
2570:10.1093/jac/dkm503
2362:PLOS Negl Trop Dis
1537:10.1586/erv.11.180
1425:10.1002/glia.20474
1276:. 6 February 2019.
1068:membrane integrity
976:of India in 2016.
903:
899: more than 50
673:
608:NS3 is a putative
310:
258:Signs and symptoms
76:Infectious disease
4489:Tropical diseases
4469:
4468:
4465:
4464:
4461:
4460:
4396:
4395:
4304:
4303:
4114:
4113:
3912:
3911:
3908:
3907:
3823:
3822:
3622:
3621:
3367:Rift Valley fever
3195:
3194:
3081:Taxon identifiers
3072:
3071:
2770:Infect Genet Evol
1574:Cell Death Differ
1217:. December 2015.
1103:Malay Archipelago
833: less than 1
797:neuroinflammation
732:The neutralizing
670:Japanese language
567:
566:
264:incubation period
174:
173:
115:Diagnostic method
37:Medical condition
16:(Redirected from
4506:
4407:
4317:
4127:
3936:
3925:
3900:Chandipura virus
3836:
3776:Orthomyxoviridae
3635:
3582:Ross River fever
3347:Bunyamwera fever
3263:
3252:
3222:
3215:
3208:
3199:
3188:
3187:
3175:
3174:
3162:
3161:
3149:
3148:
3136:
3135:
3123:
3122:
3121:
3108:
3107:
3106:
3076:
2950:
2944:
2924:
2914:
2881:
2873:
2858:
2850:
2839:
2834:
2833:
2825:
2820:
2819:
2818:
2802:
2801:
2764:
2755:
2754:
2717:
2711:
2710:
2692:
2668:
2662:
2661:
2624:
2618:
2617:
2589:
2583:
2582:
2572:
2548:
2542:
2541:
2531:
2499:
2493:
2492:
2482:
2450:
2444:
2443:
2418:(6): 1250–1256.
2404:
2398:
2397:
2387:
2377:
2353:
2347:
2346:
2344:
2342:
2331:
2325:
2324:
2316:
2310:
2309:
2299:
2267:
2261:
2260:
2250:
2225:(10): CD011367.
2210:
2201:
2200:
2190:
2180:
2165:Virology Journal
2156:
2150:
2149:
2121:
2115:
2104:
2098:
2097:
2087:
2055:
2049:
2048:
2040:
2034:
2033:
2026:
2020:
2019:
1991:
1985:
1984:
1974:
1950:
1944:
1939:
1933:
1932:
1896:
1890:
1889:
1879:
1847:
1841:
1840:
1838:
1836:
1821:
1815:
1814:
1796:
1771:
1765:
1764:
1754:
1744:
1720:
1714:
1713:
1706:
1700:
1699:
1689:
1679:
1664:Virology Journal
1655:
1649:
1648:
1638:
1606:
1600:
1599:
1589:
1565:
1559:
1558:
1548:
1516:
1510:
1509:
1481:
1472:
1455:
1446:
1445:
1427:
1403:
1397:
1396:
1384:
1378:
1377:
1375:
1373:
1361:
1352:
1351:
1333:
1327:
1326:
1316:
1284:
1278:
1277:
1270:
1264:
1263:
1261:
1259:
1240:
1231:
1230:
1228:
1226:
1207:
1168:
1167:
1165:
1163:
1144:
1116:
1112:
1108:
1038:oligosaccharides
898:
892:
886:
880:
874:
868:
862:
856:
850:
844:
838:
832:
826:
452:
451:
433:
419:
386:
60:
40:
32:Jean-Éric Vergne
21:
4514:
4513:
4509:
4508:
4507:
4505:
4504:
4503:
4474:
4473:
4470:
4457:
4437:
4402:
4392:
4367:
4337:
4311:
4300:
4263:
4238:Paramyxoviridae
4231:
4184:
4121:
4110:
4088:
4019:
3930:
3919:
3904:
3884:
3868:Pappataci fever
3861:Oropouche virus
3856:Oropouche fever
3830:
3819:
3789:
3769:
3687:
3659:Heartland virus
3629:
3618:
3598:
3570:Pogosta disease
3498:
3445:West Nile fever
3376:
3257:
3246:
3239:
3226:
3196:
3191:
3183:
3178:
3170:
3165:
3157:
3152:
3144:
3139:
3131:
3126:
3117:
3116:
3111:
3102:
3101:
3096:
3083:
3073:
3068:
3067:
3033:
3032:
2961:
2947:
2928:
2897:(22): 579–583.
2884:
2876:
2861:
2853:
2845:
2835:
2828:
2821:
2816:
2814:
2811:
2806:
2805:
2766:
2765:
2758:
2719:
2718:
2714:
2670:
2669:
2665:
2626:
2625:
2621:
2591:
2590:
2586:
2550:
2549:
2545:
2501:
2500:
2496:
2452:
2451:
2447:
2424:10.1603/me11091
2406:
2405:
2401:
2355:
2354:
2350:
2340:
2338:
2333:
2332:
2328:
2318:
2317:
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2269:
2268:
2264:
2212:
2211:
2204:
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2122:
2118:
2105:
2101:
2057:
2056:
2052:
2042:
2041:
2037:
2028:
2027:
2023:
2002:(Suppl): 33–5.
1993:
1992:
1988:
1952:
1951:
1947:
1940:
1936:
1898:
1897:
1893:
1862:(3): CD004263.
1849:
1848:
1844:
1834:
1832:
1823:
1822:
1818:
1773:
1772:
1768:
1722:
1721:
1717:
1708:
1707:
1703:
1657:
1656:
1652:
1608:
1607:
1603:
1567:
1566:
1562:
1518:
1517:
1513:
1483:
1482:
1475:
1465:Wayback Machine
1456:
1449:
1405:
1404:
1400:
1386:
1385:
1381:
1371:
1369:
1363:
1362:
1355:
1335:
1334:
1330:
1286:
1285:
1281:
1272:
1271:
1267:
1257:
1255:
1250:. August 2015.
1242:
1241:
1234:
1224:
1222:
1209:
1208:
1171:
1161:
1159:
1154:. August 2015.
1146:
1145:
1128:
1123:
1114:
1110:
1109:10 (range: 3.49
1106:
1099:
1030:rosmarinic acid
901:
900:
896:
894:
890:
888:
884:
882:
878:
876:
872:
870:
866:
864:
860:
858:
854:
852:
848:
846:
842:
840:
836:
834:
830:
828:
824:
812:
768:. There is no
746:
679:
662:
638:
593:West Nile virus
589:West Nile virus
563:
523:Amarillovirales
499:Kitrinoviricota
446:
417:
401:
376:
342:reactive oxygen
260:
240:Western Pacific
238:as well as the
143:Supportive care
38:
35:
28:
23:
22:
15:
12:
11:
5:
4512:
4510:
4502:
4501:
4496:
4491:
4486:
4484:Swine diseases
4476:
4475:
4467:
4466:
4463:
4462:
4459:
4458:
4456:
4455:
4449:
4447:
4439:
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4430:
4429:
4428:
4417:
4415:
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4360:
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4325:
4314:
4306:
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4302:
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4297:
4296:
4291:
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4260:
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4232:
4230:
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3297:
3296:
3288:
3287:
3286:
3273:
3271:
3260:
3249:
3241:
3240:
3232:viral diseases
3227:
3225:
3224:
3217:
3210:
3202:
3193:
3192:
3190:
3189:
3176:
3163:
3150:
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3035:
3034:
3031:
3030:
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3008:
2993:
2978:
2962:
2957:
2956:
2954:
2953:Classification
2946:
2945:
2926:
2882:
2874:
2859:
2851:
2842:
2841:
2840:
2837:Viruses portal
2826:
2810:
2809:External links
2807:
2804:
2803:
2756:
2712:
2683:(5): 1582–95.
2663:
2619:
2584:
2543:
2514:(9): 3367–70.
2494:
2459:Virus Research
2445:
2399:
2348:
2326:
2311:
2282:(10): 766–74.
2262:
2202:
2151:
2116:
2099:
2050:
2035:
2021:
1986:
1945:
1934:
1891:
1842:
1816:
1787:(6): 669–677.
1766:
1729:J Postgrad Med
1715:
1701:
1650:
1621:(9): 4162–71.
1601:
1580:(3): 393–403.
1560:
1511:
1473:
1447:
1398:
1379:
1353:
1342:. StatPearls.
1328:
1299:(5): 882–891.
1279:
1265:
1232:
1169:
1125:
1124:
1122:
1119:
1098:
1095:
1094:
1093:
1083:
1060:
981:climate change
895:
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841:
835:
829:
823:
822:
811:
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793:transcriptomic
745:
742:
675:Main article:
661:
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575:, part of the
565:
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511:Flasuviricetes
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9:
6:
4:
3:
2:
4511:
4500:
4497:
4495:
4492:
4490:
4487:
4485:
4482:
4481:
4479:
4472:
4454:
4451:
4450:
4448:
4446:
4445:
4440:
4434:
4431:
4427:
4424:
4423:
4422:
4419:
4418:
4416:
4414:
4413:
4412:Rhabdoviridae
4408:
4405:
4399:
4389:
4386:
4384:
4381:
4380:
4378:
4376:
4375:
4370:
4364:
4361:
4359:
4356:
4354:
4351:
4350:
4348:
4346:
4345:
4340:
4334:
4333:
4329:
4328:
4326:
4324:
4323:
4322:Herpesviridae
4318:
4315:
4313:
4307:
4295:
4292:
4290:
4287:
4286:
4285:
4282:
4280:
4277:
4276:
4274:
4272:
4271:
4270:Coronaviridae
4266:
4258:
4255:
4253:
4250:
4249:
4248:
4245:
4244:
4242:
4240:
4239:
4234:
4228:
4225:
4221:
4218:
4216:
4213:
4211:
4208:
4206:
4203:
4202:
4201:
4198:
4197:
4195:
4193:
4192:
4191:Rhabdoviridae
4187:
4179:
4176:
4174:
4171:
4170:
4169:
4166:
4162:
4159:
4157:
4154:
4152:
4149:
4147:
4144:
4143:
4142:
4139:
4138:
4136:
4134:
4133:
4128:
4125:
4123:
4117:
4107:
4106:
4102:
4101:
4099:
4097:
4096:
4095:Herpesviridae
4091:
4083:
4080:
4078:
4075:
4074:
4073:
4070:
4066:
4063:
4061:
4058:
4056:
4053:
4051:
4048:
4046:
4043:
4041:
4038:
4037:
4036:
4033:
4032:
4030:
4028:
4027:
4022:
4016:
4013:
4011:
4008:
4003:
4002:
4001:
3998:
3994:
3991:
3990:
3989:
3986:
3982:
3979:
3978:
3977:
3974:
3969:
3968:
3967:
3964:
3960:
3957:
3956:
3955:
3951:
3948:
3947:
3945:
3943:
3942:
3937:
3934:
3932:
3926:
3923:
3921:
3915:
3901:
3898:
3897:
3895:
3893:
3892:
3891:Rhabdoviridae
3887:
3881:
3878:
3874:
3873:Toscana virus
3871:
3870:
3869:
3866:
3862:
3859:
3858:
3857:
3854:
3851:
3848:
3847:
3845:
3843:
3842:
3837:
3834:
3832:
3826:
3816:
3813:
3808:
3807:
3806:
3803:
3802:
3800:
3798:
3797:
3792:
3786:
3785:Bourbon virus
3783:
3782:
3780:
3778:
3777:
3772:
3763:
3762:
3761:
3758:
3754:
3751:
3748:
3747:
3746:
3743:
3738:
3737:
3736:
3732:
3729:
3725:
3722:
3721:
3720:
3717:
3713:
3710:
3709:
3708:
3704:
3701:
3700:
3698:
3696:
3695:
3690:
3684:
3680:
3677:
3675:
3672:
3669:
3665:
3662:
3660:
3657:
3654:
3650:
3647:
3646:
3644:
3642:
3641:
3636:
3633:
3631:
3625:
3615:
3612:
3611:
3609:
3607:
3606:
3601:
3595:
3592:
3588:
3585:
3584:
3583:
3580:
3576:
3575:Sindbis virus
3573:
3572:
3571:
3568:
3563:
3562:
3561:
3558:
3554:
3551:
3550:
3549:
3546:
3541:
3540:
3539:
3536:
3531:
3530:
3529:
3526:
3521:
3520:
3519:
3515:
3512:
3511:
3509:
3507:
3506:
3501:
3493:
3490:
3489:
3488:
3485:
3481:
3478:
3477:
3476:
3473:
3469:
3466:
3465:
3464:
3460:
3457:
3456:
3451:
3448:
3447:
3446:
3443:
3438:
3437:
3436:
3433:
3428:
3427:
3426:
3423:
3419:
3416:
3414:
3411:
3410:
3409:
3406:
3402:
3399:
3398:
3397:
3393:
3390:
3389:
3387:
3385:
3384:
3379:
3370:
3369:
3368:
3365:
3360:
3359:
3358:
3355:
3350:
3349:
3348:
3344:
3341:
3340:
3337:
3334:
3329:
3328:
3327:
3324:
3319:
3318:
3317:
3314:
3312:
3309:
3304:
3303:
3302:
3299:
3294:
3293:
3292:
3289:
3284:
3283:
3282:
3278:
3275:
3274:
3272:
3270:
3269:
3264:
3261:
3259:
3253:
3250:
3248:
3242:
3237:
3233:
3230:
3223:
3218:
3216:
3211:
3209:
3204:
3203:
3200:
3186:
3181:
3177:
3173:
3168:
3164:
3160:
3155:
3151:
3147:
3142:
3138:
3134:
3129:
3125:
3120:
3114:
3110:
3105:
3099:
3095:
3094:
3092:
3090:
3086:
3082:
3077:
3064:
3060:
3059:
3055:
3053:
3049:
3048:
3044:
3043:
3040:
3036:
3029:
3025:
3024:
3020:
3018:
3014:
3013:
3009:
3007:
3003:
3002:
2998:
2994:
2992:
2988:
2987:
2983:
2979:
2977:
2973:
2972:
2968:
2964:
2963:
2960:
2955:
2951:
2942:
2938:
2934:
2933:
2927:
2922:
2918:
2913:
2908:
2904:
2900:
2896:
2892:
2888:
2883:
2879:
2875:
2871:
2870:
2865:
2860:
2856:
2852:
2848:
2844:
2843:
2838:
2832:
2827:
2824:
2813:
2808:
2799:
2795:
2791:
2787:
2783:
2779:
2776:(5): 855–62.
2775:
2771:
2763:
2761:
2757:
2752:
2748:
2744:
2740:
2736:
2732:
2729:(8): 717–23.
2728:
2724:
2723:Neurochem Int
2716:
2713:
2708:
2704:
2700:
2696:
2691:
2686:
2682:
2678:
2674:
2667:
2664:
2659:
2655:
2651:
2647:
2643:
2639:
2636:(3): 328–37.
2635:
2631:
2623:
2620:
2615:
2611:
2608:(3): 866–74.
2607:
2603:
2599:
2595:
2588:
2585:
2580:
2576:
2571:
2566:
2563:(3): 679–88.
2562:
2558:
2554:
2547:
2544:
2539:
2535:
2530:
2525:
2521:
2517:
2513:
2509:
2505:
2498:
2495:
2490:
2486:
2481:
2476:
2472:
2468:
2465:(1): 107–12.
2464:
2460:
2456:
2449:
2446:
2441:
2437:
2433:
2429:
2425:
2421:
2417:
2413:
2412:
2403:
2400:
2395:
2391:
2386:
2381:
2376:
2371:
2367:
2363:
2359:
2352:
2349:
2336:
2330:
2327:
2322:
2315:
2312:
2307:
2303:
2298:
2293:
2289:
2285:
2281:
2277:
2273:
2266:
2263:
2258:
2254:
2249:
2244:
2240:
2236:
2232:
2228:
2224:
2220:
2216:
2209:
2207:
2203:
2198:
2194:
2189:
2184:
2179:
2174:
2170:
2166:
2162:
2155:
2152:
2147:
2143:
2139:
2135:
2131:
2127:
2120:
2117:
2114:
2110:
2109:
2103:
2100:
2095:
2091:
2086:
2081:
2077:
2073:
2070:(9): 405–15.
2069:
2065:
2061:
2054:
2051:
2046:
2039:
2036:
2031:
2025:
2022:
2017:
2013:
2009:
2005:
2001:
1997:
1990:
1987:
1982:
1978:
1973:
1968:
1964:
1960:
1956:
1949:
1946:
1943:
1938:
1935:
1930:
1926:
1922:
1918:
1914:
1910:
1907:(5): 689–93.
1906:
1902:
1895:
1892:
1887:
1883:
1878:
1873:
1869:
1865:
1861:
1857:
1853:
1846:
1843:
1830:
1826:
1820:
1817:
1812:
1808:
1804:
1800:
1795:
1790:
1786:
1782:
1778:
1770:
1767:
1762:
1758:
1753:
1748:
1743:
1738:
1734:
1730:
1726:
1719:
1716:
1711:
1705:
1702:
1697:
1693:
1688:
1683:
1678:
1673:
1669:
1665:
1661:
1654:
1651:
1646:
1642:
1637:
1632:
1628:
1624:
1620:
1616:
1612:
1605:
1602:
1597:
1593:
1588:
1583:
1579:
1575:
1571:
1564:
1561:
1556:
1552:
1547:
1542:
1538:
1534:
1531:(2): 177–87.
1530:
1526:
1522:
1515:
1512:
1507:
1503:
1499:
1495:
1492:(9): 869–71.
1491:
1487:
1480:
1478:
1474:
1470:
1466:
1462:
1459:
1454:
1452:
1448:
1443:
1439:
1435:
1431:
1426:
1421:
1418:(5): 483–96.
1417:
1413:
1409:
1402:
1399:
1394:
1390:
1383:
1380:
1367:
1360:
1358:
1354:
1349:
1345:
1341:
1340:
1332:
1329:
1324:
1320:
1315:
1310:
1306:
1302:
1298:
1294:
1290:
1283:
1280:
1275:
1269:
1266:
1253:
1249:
1245:
1239:
1237:
1233:
1220:
1216:
1212:
1206:
1204:
1202:
1200:
1198:
1196:
1194:
1192:
1190:
1188:
1186:
1184:
1182:
1180:
1178:
1176:
1174:
1170:
1157:
1153:
1149:
1143:
1141:
1139:
1137:
1135:
1133:
1131:
1127:
1120:
1118:
1104:
1096:
1091:
1087:
1084:
1081:
1077:
1076:neuroblastoma
1073:
1072:pro-apoptotic
1070:, decreasing
1069:
1064:
1061:
1058:
1055:
1054:
1049:
1048:
1043:
1039:
1035:
1031:
1027:
1026:
1025:
1022:
1019:
1015:
1010:
1008:
1004:
1003:
998:
997:
990:
987:
982:
977:
975:
971:
967:
963:
959:
955:
951:
947:
943:
939:
935:
931:
927:
923:
919:
915:
910:
908:
827: no data
820:
816:
809:
807:
805:
800:
798:
794:
790:
786:
782:
778:
773:
771:
767:
763:
759:
755:
751:
743:
741:
739:
735:
730:
728:
724:
720:
716:
712:
708:
703:
700:
696:
691:
688:
684:
678:
671:
666:
659:
657:
655:
649:
647:
643:
635:
633:
630:
625:
623:
619:
615:
611:
606:
602:
598:
594:
590:
586:
582:
581:antigenically
578:
574:
573:
562:
561:
556:
553:
552:
549:
548:
544:
541:
540:
537:
536:
532:
529:
528:
525:
524:
520:
517:
516:
513:
512:
508:
505:
504:
501:
500:
496:
493:
492:
489:
488:
487:Orthornavirae
484:
481:
480:
477:
476:
472:
469:
466:
465:
462:
459:
456:
455:
450:
445:
441:
436:
432:
427:
424:
420:
414:
412:
410:
406:
398:
396:
393:
387:
384:
380:
374:
370:
366:
362:
358:
354:
350:
345:
343:
339:
338:prostaglandin
335:
331:
327:
323:
319:
315:
306:
302:
301:involvement.
300:
296:
292:
288:
284:
280:
276:
271:
269:
265:
257:
255:
253:
249:
245:
241:
237:
233:
228:
226:
222:
217:
215:
211:
207:
206:
201:
196:
194:
190:
186:
182:
178:
169:
165:
161:
157:
153:
151:
147:
144:
141:
137:
133:
130:
126:
122:
118:
116:
112:
108:
105:
101:
97:
93:
90:
86:
84:
80:
77:
74:
72:
68:
63:
59:
54:
50:
46:
41:
33:
19:
4471:
4442:
4433:Mokola virus
4410:
4372:
4344:Retroviridae
4342:
4330:
4320:
4268:
4236:
4189:
4130:
4103:
4093:
4026:Bunyavirales
4024:
3941:Arenaviridae
3939:
3889:
3841:Bunyavirales
3839:
3794:
3774:
3760:Langat virus
3694:Flaviviridae
3692:
3683:Bhanja virus
3640:Bunyavirales
3638:
3603:
3503:
3475:Yellow fever
3463:Dengue fever
3395:
3383:Flaviviridae
3381:
3326:Tahyna virus
3291:Bwamba Fever
3268:Bunyavirales
3266:
3088:
3056:
3045:
3021:
3010:
2995:
2980:
2965:
2943:. NBK470423.
2931:
2894:
2890:
2868:
2823:Japan portal
2773:
2769:
2726:
2722:
2715:
2680:
2677:J. Neurochem
2676:
2666:
2633:
2629:
2622:
2605:
2601:
2597:
2593:
2587:
2560:
2556:
2546:
2511:
2507:
2497:
2462:
2458:
2448:
2415:
2409:
2402:
2365:
2361:
2351:
2339:. Retrieved
2329:
2314:
2279:
2275:
2265:
2222:
2218:
2168:
2164:
2154:
2132:(1): 04–10.
2129:
2125:
2119:
2106:
2102:
2067:
2063:
2053:
2038:
2024:
1999:
1995:
1989:
1962:
1959:J Infect Dis
1958:
1948:
1937:
1904:
1900:
1894:
1859:
1855:
1845:
1833:. Retrieved
1819:
1784:
1780:
1769:
1735:(3): 181–5.
1732:
1728:
1718:
1704:
1667:
1663:
1653:
1618:
1614:
1604:
1577:
1573:
1563:
1528:
1524:
1514:
1489:
1485:
1415:
1411:
1401:
1392:
1382:
1370:. Retrieved
1338:
1331:
1296:
1292:
1282:
1268:
1256:. Retrieved
1247:
1223:. Retrieved
1214:
1160:. Retrieved
1151:
1100:
1056:
1051:
1045:
1023:
1016:research of
1011:
1000:
994:
991:
978:
970:Kachin State
911:
904:
810:Epidemiology
801:
774:
770:transmission
747:
731:
719:cell culture
704:
699:urbanization
692:
680:
650:
639:
626:
576:
572:Flaviviridae
570:
568:
559:
558:
546:
535:Flaviviridae
534:
522:
510:
498:
486:
474:
467:
457:(unranked):
422:
402:
388:
382:
346:
318:immune cells
311:
272:
268:asymptomatic
261:
229:
218:
203:
197:
180:
176:
175:
4132:Filoviridae
3954:Lassa fever
3850:Adria virus
3548:Chikungunya
3505:Togaviridae
3435:Usutu virus
3357:Ngari virus
3281:Batai virus
3113:Wikispecies
2368:(9): e437.
1965:(4): 1074.
1086:Minocycline
1028:The use of
1007:South Korea
918:South Korea
893: 45–50
887: 40–45
881: 35–40
875: 30–35
869: 25–30
863: 20–25
857: 15–20
851: 10–15
365:mouse brain
353:hippocampus
330:neurotoxins
295:hemiparesis
287:hemiparesis
95:Usual onset
48:Other names
4478:Categories
4444:Poxviridae
4374:Poxviridae
4294:SARS-CoV-2
3796:Reoviridae
3674:Tete virus
3605:Reoviridae
3487:Zika fever
3336:Tete virus
3234:(A80–B34,
3023:DiseasesDB
2594:Gracilaria
2341:20 October
2171:(92): 92.
1835:11 January
1752:1807/52179
1372:20 October
1258:29 October
1225:29 October
1162:29 October
1121:References
1113:10 to 5.30
1053:Monostroma
1047:Gracilaria
1034:arctigenin
1014:microarray
845: 5–10
785:macrophage
777:macrophage
711:autoimmune
707:urticarial
660:Prevention
614:polymerase
547:Flavivirus
373:chemokines
314:microglial
312:Increased
277:are other
200:mosquitoes
128:Prevention
4453:Monkeypox
3245:Arthropod
3104:Q19838331
3047:eMedicine
2707:205618838
2602:Food Chem
2239:1469-493X
2113:eMedicine
1811:251422417
1781:Pathology
1097:Evolution
986:piggeries
966:Australia
922:Singapore
839: 1–5
787:receptor
754:breathing
744:Treatment
636:Diagnosis
554:Species:
482:Kingdom:
475:Riboviria
392:autotoxic
244:outbreaks
216:testing.
159:Frequency
150:Prognosis
139:Treatment
119:Blood or
71:Specialty
4401:Multiple
4289:SARS-CoV
4279:MERS-CoV
3468:DENV-1-4
3256:Mosquito
3229:Zoonotic
3159:11460102
3098:Wikidata
3058:Orphanet
3052:med/3158
2941:29262148
2921:28594790
2798:21352956
2751:26964251
2743:19628016
2699:18208541
2658:24691000
2650:19434500
2596:sp. and
2579:18230688
2538:17576830
2489:19896511
2440:23321660
2432:22238887
2394:19787040
2306:22084515
2257:28967695
2197:21371334
2146:20637688
2094:10727474
2016:10821971
1929:34671998
1921:18564023
1886:17636750
1829:Archived
1803:35995617
1761:18626163
1696:25884184
1645:11932381
1615:J. Virol
1596:16397582
1555:22309667
1506:16943399
1461:Archived
1442:13192982
1434:17203475
1393:Cytokine
1348:29262148
1323:24639305
1252:Archived
1219:Archived
1156:Archived
1063:Curcumin
958:Malaysia
942:Cambodia
934:Thailand
781:monocyte
766:mannitol
738:boosters
734:antibody
715:in vitro
695:formalin
687:vaccines
683:immunity
610:helicase
595:and the
530:Family:
494:Phylum:
415:Virology
405:mosquito
383:Virol. J
361:thalamus
357:striatum
355:and the
283:cachexia
193:seizures
89:seizures
83:Symptoms
4403:vectors
4383:Tanapox
4332:B virus
4310:Primate
3829:Sandfly
3655:(CCHFV)
3236:042–079
3017:D004672
2912:5720240
2778:Bibcode
2529:2043228
2480:7126115
2385:2745699
2297:3209971
2248:6485509
2188:3058095
2085:1736874
1996:Vaccine
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1877:6532601
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1057:nitidum
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1018:neurons
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938:Vietnam
758:seizure
750:feeding
727:myalgia
723:placebo
620:of the
542:Genus:
518:Order:
506:Class:
411:(JEV).
407:-borne
275:malaise
123:testing
4421:Rabies
4363:HTLV-2
4358:HTLV-1
4312:-borne
4200:Rabies
4122:-borne
3931:-borne
3929:Rodent
3920:-borne
3918:Mammal
3852:(ADRV)
3831:-borne
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3258:-borne
3247:-borne
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170:17,000
167:Deaths
162:68,000
103:Causes
4161:ZEBOV
4065:THAIV
3553:CHIKV
3185:11072
3172:78462
3154:IRMNG
3133:3QLTX
3063:79139
3006:062.0
2991:A83.0
2747:S2CID
2703:S2CID
2654:S2CID
2436:S2CID
1925:S2CID
1807:S2CID
1438:S2CID
1040:with
954:Nepal
950:India
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914:China
646:ELISA
618:lumen
468:Realm
461:Virus
399:Cause
347:In a
248:Japan
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185:brain
4426:RABV
4227:CHPV
4215:DUVV
4210:MOKV
4205:ABLV
4178:RAVV
4173:MARV
4156:TAFV
4151:SUDV
4146:BDBV
4077:ANDV
4060:AMRV
4055:SEOV
4050:PUUV
4045:HTNV
4040:DOBV
4015:CHPV
4010:LUJV
4004:MACV
3993:SABV
3981:JUNV
3970:GTOV
3959:LASV
3809:CTFV
3764:LGTV
3753:AHFV
3749:KFDV
3739:OHFV
3724:POWV
3712:TBEV
3628:Tick
3564:ONNV
3542:VEEV
3532:WEEV
3522:EEEV
3492:ZIKV
3439:USUV
3429:SLEV
3418:KUNV
3413:MVEV
3371:RVFV
3361:NRIV
3351:BUNV
3330:TAHV
3320:LACV
3295:BWAV
3285:BATV
3180:NCBI
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2976:1C85
2937:PMID
2917:PMID
2794:PMID
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2223:2017
2193:PMID
2142:PMID
2090:PMID
2012:PMID
1977:PMID
1917:PMID
1882:PMID
1860:2007
1837:2013
1799:PMID
1757:PMID
1692:PMID
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1319:PMID
1260:2017
1227:2017
1164:2017
932:and
907:Asia
783:and
371:and
324:and
252:1871
234:and
232:East
210:Pigs
4257:NiV
4252:HeV
4220:LBV
4120:Bat
4082:SNV
3587:RRV
3480:YFV
3450:WNV
3401:JEV
3305:CEV
3167:ISC
3141:EoL
3128:CoL
2997:ICD
2982:ICD
2967:ICD
2907:PMC
2899:doi
2786:doi
2731:doi
2685:doi
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2606:133
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1967:doi
1963:171
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1864:doi
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1747:hdl
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