29:
518:, but with the first being perceived as more subjective. This relationship can be correlated with phenomimes containing nasal and velar sounds: While phenomimes containing nasals give the feeling of tactuality and warmth, those containing velars tend to represent hardness, sharpness, and suddenness.
75:, these words do not just imitate sounds but also cover a much wider range of meanings; indeed, many sound-symbolic words in Japanese are for things that make no noise originally, most clearly demonstrated by 'silently'
2338:
291:. Most sound symbolic words can be applied to only a handful of verbs or adjectives. In the examples below, the classified verb or adjective is placed in square brackets.
2189:
2385:
1132:
2184:
945:
Nuckolls, Janis B. (2004). "To Be or to Be Not
Ideophonically Impoverished". In Wai Fong Chiang; Elaine Chun; Laura Mahalingappa; Siri Mehus (eds.).
210:(though strictly this refers to imitative sounds, phonomimes); phonomimes may not be distinguished as animate/inanimate, both being referred to as
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words that depict states, conditions, or manners of the external world (non-auditory senses), such as "damp" or "stealthily".
1297:
853:
A Grammar of Sound-Symbolic Words in
Japanese: Theoretical Approaches to Iconic and Lexical Properties of Japanese Mimetics
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1796:
670:
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2211:
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894:
Hasada, Rie (2001). "Meanings of
Japanese sound-symbolic emotion words". In Harkins, Jean & Anna Wierzbicka (eds.)
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1944:
1924:
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1681:
1053:
2060:
1934:
1118:
20:
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589:. This too is correlated with those phenomimes and psychomimes containing the same fricative sound, for example
2380:
2318:
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2170:
2121:
2045:
2020:
1629:
1686:
472:, Seiichi Makino and Michio Tsutsui point out several other types of sound symbolism in Japanese, that relate
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can create a more emphatic or emotive version of a word, as in the following pairs of words:
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SALSA XI: Proceedings of the
Eleventh Annual Symposium About Language and Society — Austin
688:
481:
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1572:
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1004:. Typological Studies in Language. Vol. 44. Amsterdam: John Benjamins Publishing.
676:
276:
898:(Cognitive Linguistics Research 17). Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, pp. 217–253.
206:
These divisions are not always drawn: sound-symbolism may be referred to generally as
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1907:
1886:
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Martin, Samuel E. (1964). "Speech labels in Japan and Korea", in Dell Hymes (ed.),
683:
207:
71:
229:, though they can also function as verbs (verbal adverbs) with the auxiliary verb
105:
The sound-symbolic words of
Japanese can be classified into four main categories:
999:
977:
69:. Such words are found in written as well as spoken Japanese. Known popularly as
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1429:
922:
275:. Just like ideophones in many other languages, they are often introduced by a
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2005:
2000:
1995:
1990:
1985:
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619:
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259:
153:
2010:
1939:
1919:
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1061:
92:
66:
28:
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1048:
949:. Austin: University of Texas Department of Linguistics. pp. 131–142.
939:
Language in
Culture and Society: A reader in linguistics and anthropology.
2290:
2175:
1856:
1851:
1846:
1773:
1614:
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1094:
485:
473:
480:
sound gives a more personal and speaker-oriented impression than the
2285:
1818:
1786:
226:
1110:
1076:
The Jaded
Network - SFX Sound Effects Translations Online Dictionary
2280:
1828:
1791:
1074:
998:
Voeltz, Erhard
Friedrich Karl; Kilian-Hatz, Christa, eds. (2001).
127:
words that mimic sounds made by living things, like a dog's bark (
27:
1838:
460:
is an onomatopoeic word and mimics the sound of two heartbeats.
1114:
955:
A Practical Guide to
Japanese-English Onomatopoeia and Mimesis
537:
tend to represent human emotive states, such as in the words
214:; and both phenomimes and psychomimes may be referred to as
202:
words that depict psychological states or bodily feelings.
872:
A Practical Guide to
Mimetic Expressions Through Pictures
904:"Two-dimensional semantic analysis of Japanese mimetics"
484:
and ; this contrast can be easily noticed in pairs of
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1091:. A review of a novel that uses Japanese phonomime.
1095:Japanese Sound effects in Manga and what they mean
32:An example of Japanese sound symbolism, 'Tah-dah!'
780:
659:, "leaving, having left in a particular state")
19:"Doki Doki" redirects here. For other uses, see
16:Large amount of sound-symbolic words in Japanese
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35:
1126:
1050:Onomatopoeic Expressions - gitaigo and giongo
225:, sound-symbolic words primarily function as
8:
1083:"'Tokyo Year Zero' Gets Under Readers' Skin"
156:objects, like wind blowing or rain falling (
476:and psychological states. For example, the
1769:
1644:
1185:
1133:
1119:
1111:
1069:Nihongoresources - onomatopoeia dictionary
982:. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
804:
792:
293:
262:) with the perfective form of this verb
896:Emotions in Crosslinguistic Perspective
758:
700:
91:, not to be confused with the religion
859:(PhD). Kobe University. Archived from
768:
680:(system for "pronouncing" drum sounds)
1028:A Dictionary of Japanese Onomatopoeia
888:The sound-symbolic system of Japanese
820:
7:
962:Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar
832:
470:Dictionary of Basic Japanese Grammar
1097:, originally from www.oop-ack.com (
960:Seiichi Makino and Michio Tsutsui,
14:
152:words that mimic sounds made by
65:words, known in linguistics as
1105:Shoko Hamano's doctoral thesis
1:
1099:archived copy of the original
1064:'s guide to Japanese Language
976:Shibatani, Masayoshi (1990).
807:, 7.3 Onomatopoeia, esp. pp.
781:Voeltz & Kilian-Hatz 2001
671:Chinese exclamative particles
456:* Unlike the other examples,
2277:Kanji pronunciation sources
2051:Katakana Phonetic Extensions
953:Ono, Shuuichi (ed.) (1989).
302:
299:
2386:Speculative fiction writers
1945:Transcription into Japanese
600:, "to rain / snow quietly")
525:that contain the fricative
384:procrastinating or dawdling
244:continuous/progressive form
194:
173:
144:
119:
85:
42:
2452:
1304:Nagano-Yamanashi-Shizuoka
1026:De Lange, William (2019).
923:10.1515/ling.1997.35.2.379
18:
1647:
964:, The Japan Times, 1986.
941:New York: Harper and Row.
739:
726:
713:
655:
642:
629:
609:
596:
583:
570:
557:
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508:
495:
450:wobbly-legged (from age)
440:
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378:
361:
345:
329:
313:
285:
269:
252:
236:
188:
167:
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113:
79:
57:has a large inventory of
36:
2171:Sino-Japanese vocabulary
1630:Yokohama Pidgin Japanese
1079:from TheJadedNetwork.Com
368:with a throbbing heart*
277:quotative complementizer
2117:Godan and ichidan verbs
1935:Jōdai Tokushu Kanazukai
870:Akutsu, Satoru (1994).
979:The Languages of Japan
886:Hamano, Shoko (1998).
50:
2222:Court lady language (
1692:Southern Amami Ōshima
1625:Yilan Creole Japanese
1088:All Things Considered
902:Kita, Sotaro (1997).
613:, "to be dispirited")
258:, and as adjectives (
31:
2041:Small Kana Extension
1652:Eastern Old Japanese
1291:Northern Izu Islands
957:. Tokyo: Hokuseidoo.
850:Akita, Kimi (2009).
2426:Japanese vocabulary
1592:Pidgins and creoles
661:, and many others.
319:intently (= stare)
296:
134:Inanimate phonomime
2421:Japanese phonology
2393:Classical Japanese
2240:Gender differences
2076:Extended shinjitai
1107:, in its entirety.
1056:2016-12-15 at the
650:hanashi / ppanashi
591:shitoshito to furu
294:
51:
2408:
2407:
2112:Verb conjugations
2091:
2090:
1759:
1758:
1640:Japonic languages
1586:
1585:
1578:Okinawan Japanese
1142:Japanese language
1060:from Namiko Abe,
1011:978-90-272-2946-5
989:978-0-521-36918-3
890:. Tokyo: Kurosio.
523:i-type adjectives
454:
453:
109:Animate phonomime
55:Japanese language
2443:
2351:Polivanov system
2212:Honorific speech
2107:Japanese grammar
1770:
1645:
1186:
1135:
1128:
1121:
1112:
1085:by Alan Cheuse,
1036:978-94-92722-164
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658:
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646:, "as expected")
645:
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637:yahari / yappari
634:
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631:
624:pitari / pittari
614:
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514:which both mean
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300:Sound Symbolism
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2302:Transliteration
2297:
2273:Sound symbolism
2249:
2231:Role language (
2190:from Portuguese
2122:Irregular verbs
2100:
2098:
2087:
2036:Kana Supplement
2031:Kana Extended-B
2026:Kana Extended-A
1949:
1925:Historical kana
1891:
1833:
1812:by stroke count
1803:Kanji radicals
1797:by stroke count
1755:
1668:
1634:
1610:Hawaiian Creole
1582:
1559:
1482:
1356:
1175:
1144:
1139:
1058:Wayback Machine
1045:
1030:. TOYO Press.
1023:
1021:Further reading
1018:
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997:
994:(esp p. 153vv).
990:
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2436:Phonaesthetics
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1600:Bamboo English
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1043:External links
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917:(2): 379–416.
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866:on 2019-08-30.
846:
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837:
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587:, "enjoyable")
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434:not optional)
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412:not optional)
404:
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390:not optional)
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341:giragira (to)
337:
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325:kirakira (to)
321:
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309:jirojiro (to)
305:
304:
301:
295:Some examples
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59:sound symbolic
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2346:Cyrillization
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2164:yamato kotoba
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2152:Counter words
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2431:Onomatopoeia
2339:In Esperanto
2309:Romanization
2272:
2263:Pitch accent
2245:Dictionaries
2232:
2224:nyōbō kotoba
2223:
2177:
2176:Loan words (
2163:
2147:Topic marker
2061:ARIB STD B24
1807:by frequency
1687:Amami Ōshima
1564:
1553:
1512:
1498:
1488:
1476:
1463:East San'in
1447:
1423:
1394:
1372:
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1171:Early Modern
1161:Early Middle
1086:
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861:the original
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733:
732:is used for
720:
707:
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684:Onomatopoeia
675:
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636:
633:, "tightly")
623:
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604:shun to suru
603:
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564:
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469:
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446:yoboyobo ni
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340:
335:sparklingly
324:
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263:
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208:onomatopoeia
205:
157:
128:
104:
93:
72:onomatopoeia
70:
62:
58:
52:
25:
2319:Nihon-shiki
2202:Wasei-kango
2137:Possessives
2097:Grammar and
1930:Modern kana
1915:Punctuation
1896:Orthography
1717:Tokunoshima
1329:Gifu-Aichi
1299:Tōkai–Tōsan
1166:Late Middle
769:Hamano 1998
743:, "become")
719:instead of
677:Kuchi shōga
561:, "lonely")
521:Similarly,
464:Other types
357:doki doki *
351:dazzlingly
2415:Categories
2363:Literature
2233:yakuwarigo
2217:Honorifics
2197:Wasei-eigo
2185:from Dutch
2132:Adjectives
2099:vocabulary
1877:Hentaigana
1872:Man'yōgana
1712:Okinoerabu
1416:Okuyoshino
1001:Ideophones
821:Akita 2009
753:References
643:やはり / やっぱり
630:ぴたり / ぴったり
620:gemination
574:, "happy")
374:guzu guzu
260:participle
256:, "doing")
184:Psychomime
101:Categories
67:ideophones
2255:Phonology
2142:Particles
2081:Half/Full
2011:Shift JIS
1940:Yotsugana
1920:Kanazukai
1862:Okurigana
1774:Logograms
1386:Shiramine
1231:Southern
1211:Northern
1062:About.com
931:144380452
833:Kita 1997
468:In their
458:doki doki
432:shite iru
396:shiin to
273:, "done")
163:Phenomime
154:inanimate
21:Doki doki
2178:gairaigo
2157:Numerals
2127:Pronouns
2066:Enclosed
2046:Katakana
2021:Hiragana
2017:Unicode
1972:ISO/IEC
1954:Encoding
1857:Furigana
1852:Katakana
1847:Hiragana
1749:Yonaguni
1729:Southern
1707:Okinawan
1702:Kunigami
1682:Northern
1674:Ryukyuan
1615:Kyowa-go
1546:Tsushima
1536:Nagasaki
1531:Kumamoto
1519:Chikuzen
1383:Kanazawa
1373:Hokuriku
1308:Shizuoka
1275:Eastern
1264:Kanagawa
1255:Western
1200:Hokkaidō
1181:Dialects
1054:Archived
665:See also
656:放し / っ放し
578:tanoshii
552:sabishii
548:, "sad")
539:kanashii
488:such as
486:synonyms
474:phonemes
303:Meaning
247:shiteiru
2381:Writers
2314:Hepburn
2268:Rendaku
2207:Engrish
1903:Braille
1824:Ryakuji
1744:Yaeyama
1662:grammar
1657:Hachijō
1554:Satsugū
1513:Hichiku
1499:Hōnichi
1453:San'yō
1448:Chūgoku
1424:Shikoku
1363:Western
1323:Nagaoka
1319:Echigo
1284:Tochigi
1279:Ibaraki
1240:Nairiku
1220:Tsugaru
1191:Eastern
843:Sources
809:153–154
597:しとしとと降る
565:ureshii
516:because
418:pinpin
346:ぎらぎら(と)
330:きらきら(と)
314:じろじろ(と)
240:, "do")
227:adverbs
216:gitaigo
212:giseigo
174:gitaigo
129:wan-wan
120:giseigo
63:mimetic
2376:Poetry
2324:Kunrei
2286:Kan-on
2057:Other
1966:EUC-JP
1882:Sōgana
1867:Gojūon
1819:Kokuji
1787:Kanbun
1739:Tarama
1734:Miyako
1524:Hakata
1489:Kyūshū
1477:Umpaku
1440:Sanuki
1406:Banshū
1395:Kansai
1338:Mikawa
1333:Nagoya
1313:Narada
1206:Tōhoku
1034:
1008:
986:
968:
929:
878:
610:しゅんとする
576:, and
482:velars
428:lively
195:gijōgo
145:giongo
94:Shintō
86:shīnto
2398:texts
2371:Books
2291:Tō-on
2281:Go-on
1908:Kanji
1829:Ateji
1792:Kanji
1722:Yoron
1697:Kikai
1565:Other
1467:Inshū
1457:Bingo
1411:Kishū
1401:Awaji
1269:Tokyo
1259:Gunma
1250:Kantō
1235:Kesen
1225:Akita
1215:Nanbu
927:S2CID
907:(PDF)
864:(PDF)
857:(PDF)
695:Notes
531:]
527:[
478:nasal
441:よぼよぼに
406:quiet
264:shita
158:zā-zā
37:ジャーン!
2006:0213
2001:0212
1996:0211
1991:0208
1986:0201
1982:JIS
1976:2022
1839:Kana
1541:Saga
1505:Ōita
1435:Tosa
1379:Kaga
1348:Hida
1343:Mino
1032:ISBN
1006:ISBN
984:ISBN
966:ISBN
911:Ling
876:ISBN
734:naru
602:and
503:kara
501:and
490:node
423:ぴんぴん
410:suru
401:しいんと
388:suru
379:ぐずぐず
362:どきどき
253:している
231:suru
80:しーんと
53:The
43:Jān!
2329:JSL
2071:EIS
1961:EUC
1430:Iyo
1156:Old
919:doi
584:楽しい
571:嬉しい
558:寂しい
545:悲しい
535:shi
221:In
189:擬情語
168:擬態語
139:擬音語
114:擬声語
61:or
2417::
925:.
915:35
913:.
909:.
761:^
740:なる
721:to
708:ni
648:,
635:,
615:.
563:,
550:,
509:から
496:ので
280:to
270:した
237:する
218:.
192:,
171:,
160:).
142:,
131:).
117:,
97:.
83:,
40:,
2235:)
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2180:)
2166:)
1134:e
1127:t
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727:と
724:(
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714:に
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529:ɕ
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365:*
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286:と
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186:(
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136:(
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111:(
89:)
77:(
47:)
34:(
23:.
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