403:, who is also a favorite hero of Georgian folklore. Javakhishvili focuses on the tragic necessity that makes the chivalrous peasant Arsena to degenerate into the typical 19th-century bandit. Although the story of an outlaw fighting against the gentry was considered "ideologically correct", the "left" critics were suspicious of Javakhishvili's recognizable parallels between Imperial Russia and the Soviet state. Javakhishvili put many of his thoughts into Arsena's mouth. One example is his famous phrase: "Russia is galloping after Europe and the bleeding body it is dragging after it on a rope is Georgia". The work won great popularity from the common reader and bitter attacks from the Communist critics and proletarian writers who accused him of corruption, misrepresentation, slander, and subversion; even the fact that his nephew worked as a tram conductor in Greece was used against him.
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353:), first published in 1924, Javakhishvili contrasts the swashbuckling, grasping, and swindler Jaqo with his victim, Prince Teimuraz Khevistavi, the amiable intellectual and ineffectual philanthropist whom his trustee, Jaqo, robs of his fortune, his beautiful and beloved wife Margo, and even of his sanity. In the person of Teimuraz, we follow the decline and fall of the old nobility, the disillusionment in the revolution and demoralization following the fall of a short-lived
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established in
Georgia the same year. In 1923, during the Bolshevik crackdown on the party, Javakhishvili was arrested and sentenced to death, but was exonerated through the mediation of the Georgian Union of Writers and released after six months of imprisonment. Javakhishvili's reconciliation with the Soviet regime was only superficial and his relations with the new authorities remained uneasy.
225:แแแแแแจแแแแ) (20 November 1880 โ 30 September 1937) was a Georgian and Soviet novelist who is regarded as one of the top twentieth-century Georgian writers. His first story appeared in 1903, but then the writer lapsed into a long pause before returning to writing in the early 1920s. His recalcitrance to the Soviet ideological pressure cost him life: he was executed during the
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left the Union's session in protest rather than give his consent to the resolution. The novelist was arrested on 14 August 1937 and tortured in the presence of Beria until he signed a "confession". He was shot on 30 September 1937. His property was confiscated, and his archives destroyed, his brother
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Javakhishvili skillfully incorporated folk phraseology into the normalized narrative language. In his best writings, the novelist combines the devastating realism and characteristic humorous touches with underlying pessimism and anarchy to contrast country and city life, tsarist and Soviet times. His
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condemned the novel, claiming that it illustrated
Bolsheviks as pure terrorists and made gendarmes too chivalrous. Soon, Beria resented Javakhishvili's refusal to seek his advice over the representation of Bolshevik activities in pre-revolutionary Georgia. Furthermore, Javakhishvili was suspected of
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Elizbar, irritated to despise by his highly sexed, but stupid cosmopolitan wife, Tsutskia, withdraws into the
Khevsuretian highlands and while prospecting for copper falls in love and marries a strongly traditional but loving and vivacious Khevsur clanswoman Khatuna. Although welcomed and befriended
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from 1908 to 1909, he clandestinely returned to his homeland only to be arrested and exiled from
Georgia in 1910. He returned in 1917 and, after almost fifteen years of pause, resumed writing. In 1921, he joined the National Democratic Party of Georgia and was in opposition to the Soviet government
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provocation, Javakhishvili was the sole person present to praise the poet's courage. Four days later, on 26 July, the presidium of the Union voted: "Mikheil
Javakhishvili, as an enemy of the people, a spy and diversant, is to be expelled from the Union of Writers and physically annihilated." His
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College of
Horticulture and Viticulture, but a family tragedy forced him to abandon his studies: robbers killed his mother and sister, and his father died shortly thereafter. Returning to Georgia in 1901, he worked at a copper smeltery in
399:(แแ แกแแแ แแแ แแแแแแ) โ was composed between 1933 and 1936. The writer spent years on research and rewriting a Russian as well as a Georgian version of the novel. The plot is based on the life of a real historical figure, the brigand
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A small part of his legacy is preserved in the
Mikhail Javakhishvili house museum in central Tbilisi, where the writer used to live, in an apartment that is also inhabited by descendants of the family.
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plots, sometimes overtly rebellious, violent, and sexually passionate, intersect traditional taboos and belie any reconciliation with the new world and have a common ground: the rise of the
Georgian
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298:. His first story was published in 1903 under the penname of Javakhishvili, followed by a series of journalistic articles critical of the Russian authorities. In 1906, the
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was republished, and both dramatized and filmed. However, he was not able to escape bitter criticism from the
Bolsheviks even after he published, in 1936, the moderate
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of impending arrest and assisting him in defecting to
Germany back in 1930. The matters went to a head when, in 1936, he was accused of praising the French author
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friends and colleagues, including those already in prison, were forced to incriminate Javakhishvili as a counter-revolutionary terrorist. Only the critic
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shot himself in the Union of Writers building, and the Union's session went on to pass a resolution denouncing the poet's move as an
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and his writings were banned for nearly twenty years. In the words of the modern British scholar of Russian and Georgian literature,
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and the book's praise of Georgian writers reclassified both Gide and Javakhishvili into enemies. On 22 July 1937, when the poet
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by the local mountainous community, Elizbar, longing to return to the city's life (symbolized in the story by
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shot, and his widow sent into exile. Javakhisvhili remained censored until the late 1950s when he was
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He was born as Mikheil Adamashvili in the village of Tserakvi in what is now the
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where he took a new name Toklikishvili. Mikheil's grandfather Adam returned in
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and republished. Some episodes from his biography like those from
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underground worker Zurab, persuades her to marry a Tsarist
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Anthology of Georgian Literature: Mikheil Javakhishvili
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The crowning merit of Javakhishvili's work โ the novel
363:(แแแแญแ แแแแญแแแขแแ แแซแ; 1924), was dramatized in 1927 for
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Mikheil Javakhishvili with his elder daughter Ketevan
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Recipients of the Order of the Red Banner of Labour
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579:(1924) แแแแญแ แแแแญแแแขแแ แแซแ; English translation:
502:Mikheil Javakhishvili on a 2022 stamp of Georgia
483:novel. That was a story of a revolutionary but
249:could aspire to the same international level."
604:(1932) แแ แกแแแ แแแ แแแแแแ; English translation:
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849:"MIKHEIL JAVAKHISHVILI MEMORIAL HOUSE-MUSEUM"
629:(1925) แแแแแแแ แแ แงแแจแ; English translation:
343:In his most typical and influential novella,
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883:. National Parliamentary Library of Georgia.
1201:20th-century writers from Georgia (country)
1186:Historical novelists from Georgia (country)
586:(1925) แฏแแงแแก แฎแแแแแแ; English translation:
1181:Great Purge victims from Georgia (country)
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653:(1929) แคแแแฏแแแ; English translation: A Cup
647:(1928) แแแฌแแก แงแแแแแ; English translation:
610:(1936) แฅแแแแก แขแแแ แแ; English translation:
592:(1926) แแแแ แ แกแแงแแแ; English translation:
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809:Dictionary of Georgian National Biography
598:(1928) แแแแ แจแแแฃแ แ; English translation:
495:officer, Avsharov, whom she is to kill.
281:) killed a man, therefore had to flee to
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641:(1928) แแแแแแขแแแ; English translation:
623:(1923) แขแงแแก แแแชแ; English translation:
656:แแแขแแ แ แแแแแแแชแ; English translation:
635:(1927) แแฃแ แแฆแแแ; English translation:
7:
796:Mikaberidze, Alexander (ed., 2007),
776:The Literature of Georgia: A History
357:. Another major work, the satirical
1191:Male writers from Georgia (country)
779:: 2nd edition, p. 224. Routledge,
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381:โ in the new Soviet reality. The
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277:(noble family from the province
245:. In modern Georgian prose only
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487:woman, Ketevan, whose lover, a
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423:. After the crash of The First
415:Mikheil Javakhishvili in Russia
407:Political views and last years
334:revolutionary upheaval of 1917
269:region, Georgia (then part of
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811:. Retrieved on May 27, 2007.
425:Georgian Democratic Republic
261:Mikheil Javakhishvili, 1910
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247:Konstantine Gamsakhurdia
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1110:Call from Motherland
1076:Qbacha has been late
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1023:The Kurka's wedding
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820:Rayfield, p. 222-3.
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369:Rustaveli Theatre
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1055:Velvet dress
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97:Georgian SSR
88:(1937-09-30)
1171:1937 deaths
1166:1880 births
1043:Metal sieve
994:(1987 film)
698:Metal sieve
529:anti-Soviet
485:bourgeoisie
227:Great Purge
223:Adamashvili
125:Nationality
49:Native name
1155:Categories
1138:An Avenger
992:Repentance
761:References
753:An Avenger
552:Repentance
517:Andrรฉ Gide
461:Trotskyist
315:Best works
243:รmile Zola
107:Occupation
71:Tserakvi,
65:1880-11-20
1141:The Third
1135:Two teeth
1104:Invite Me
1052:Ownerless
1015:Chanchura
756:The Third
750:Two teeth
707:Ownerless
670:Chanchura
643:Invite Me
558:แแแแแแแแแ
489:Bolshevik
383:Tbilisian
338:Bolshevik
193:Signature
138:Critical
1132:Follower
801:Archived
747:Follower
618:Novellas
493:gendarme
379:Khevsurs
336:and the
235:Stendhal
213:Georgian
129:Georgian
119:Georgian
115:Language
984:Related
859:26 July
300:Tsarist
296:Kakheti
283:Kakheti
140:realism
93:Tbilisi
1112:(1928)
1106:(1928)
1097:(1927)
1095:Rabbit
1088:(1925)
1072:Mususi
1064:(1923)
1046:Teties
1017:(1903)
976:(1936)
968:(1933)
960:(1828)
952:(1926)
944:(1925)
936:(1924)
925:Novels
783:
732:(1925)
716:Mususi
701:Teties
672:(1903)
637:Rabbit
583:(2015)
574:Novels
519:whose
308:Turkey
287:Kartli
279:Kartli
241:, and
215::
173:(1926)
165:(1925)
157:(1924)
1129:Thief
1058:Award
713:Award
427:and
330:kulak
291:Yalta
135:Genre
861:2024
781:ISBN
83:Died
59:Born
1031:Eka
686:Eka
561:).
367:'s
1157::
851:.
807:.
237:,
99:,
95:,
75:,
910:e
903:t
896:v
863:.
787:.
555:(
211:(
67:)
63:(
20:)
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